Newsletter #11 Mitigating Greenhouse Gases — Engineers Can Make the Difference! April 2014 Engineers can initiate programs to maximize energy efficiency and reduce demand, thereby reducing users' costs for energy and lowering GHG emissions.

By Darrel Danyluk, P.Eng. FEC, FCAE, FEIC, FCSCE Darrel Danyluk chairs the WFEO Standing Committee on Engineering and the Environment (CEE). The 2009 UNFCCC meetings in Copenhagen held the promise of political continuation of the Kyoto Protocol and renewed efforts to address the discharge of GHGs. Record numbers of NGOs and registrants attended, each expressing their views through every means of communication available. WFEO-CEE has to be considered, as well as 3. The technologies needed to supply and the Danish Society of Engineers primary and renewable energy sources energy to substantially improve (IDA) put forward the engineering and efficiencies in utilization and quality of life globally are available perspective outlined in WFEO's transmission, and include assessment or at an advanced stage of develop- Geneva Declaration on Energy, and in of the environmental and economic ment. consequences. The solutions are of the Future Climate – Engineering Furthermore, the Declaration assumes necessity customized for each region. Solutions Report. that society will acknowledge that Sustainable models for power inter- These messages state very clearly engineers are recognized as legitimate connection of countries in a given that, by using current technologies, the contributors to the debate and that region to complement local supply will amounts of energy societies require engineers will take action. have to be pursued and implemented.” now and in the future are available, and Future Climate – Engineering Solutions The Declaration concludes: that GHG concentrations can be reported on 11 assessments on the reduced to required levels by improving 1. To guarantee a good quality of life potential to lower national GHG efficiencies in all consumption sectors for everyone, all available energy emissions by using existing tech- and by increasing the contributions of sources must be considered. nologies and improving efficiencies. renewable energy. The report concluded that while results 2. The use of any technology requires varied by country, major emission The Geneva Declaration states: a thorough analysis of the tech- reductions were feasible. This was an “We can do it – let's do it! nological, economical and important and optimistic statement, led environmental feasibility of imple- “To achieve the goals suggested by by IDA and endorsed by WFEO, related menting scientifically sound, and IPCC, the entire energy cycle to the Copenhagen agenda and goals. efficiently engineered solutions. (generation, transmission, distribution) Continued page 7

with the support of: Phase 2 and Phase 3 The Future Climate — Engineering Solutions Project

By Daniel Kenning, CEng. ! An updated and enhanced (http://www.fc-es.net/wp- Framework was developed to enable content/themes/fces/uploads/2012/0 A principal of Splendid Engineering and participating national organisations 8/UK+2050+Energy+Plan+2011.pdf) based in Essex, the United Kingdom, to develop better national energy ! Altogether, 11 national plans were Daniel Kenning is a Fellow of the IMechE and climate plans, retaining the published on the website overall project objectives to meet the and a Chartered Environmentalist. ! The network of national overall target of achieving a <2C rise organisations was expanded to Phase 2 (2009 – 2011) of the Future in average global temperatures, and include the following 23 countries; Climate – Engineering Solutions the achievement of an energy Project was characterised by system that is resilient to . Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, institutional support from the Institution China, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, ! A better website was developed in of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE), Finland, Germany, Honduras, Hong collaboration with the Mayden and yielded an increase in the size of Kong, India, Ireland, Jamaica, Foundation (www.fc-es.net) the network and the number of national Japan, New Zealand, Norway, ! energy and climate plans published. A new plan was published in July Russia, South Africa, Sweden, the The project was led during this phase 2011 for the UK, UK 2050 Energy United Kingdom and U.S.A. Plan - The challenge continues, by Dr. Alison Cooke, a Fellow of ! A conference at IMechE in London which also delivered the UK IMechE, who brought the support and in September 2011 to disseminate government commitment to reduce influence of the Cambridge University the results. Engineering Department, and built a GHG emissions by 80% by 2050 very strong Steering Group. compared to 1990 levels. Continued next page Phase 3 (2011-2014) has been Transition Engineering characterised by a lack of institutional support, as both IMechE and Cambridge University were no longer involved, the engagement of the Steer- ing Group diminished, and Dr. Cooke handed over to Daniel Kenning, also a Fellow of IMechE and a Chartered Environmentalist, and Paul Jowitt, Fellow of ICE, supported by the Institution of Civil Engineers. Work therefore focused on maintaining the project and its profile as a stand-alone contributor to the global energy and climate debate, and on preparations for the project's transfer for Phase 4 to a new, properly resourced, institution in the next host country. Transition Engineering’s Seven Steps: Phase 2: 2009 – 2011 Step 1: History: use of historic data to understand how an energy using system has reached the current status; “how did we get here?” The project was developed substantially Step 2: Current Status: use of high-quality data to create a detailed description of the during Phase 2 in terms of outputs and current status in terms of energy use and energy supply, influence. The Steering Group as- Step 3: Scenarios: an exploration of future scenarios that are possible based on sembled by Dr. Cooke at Cambridge extrapolation of past trends. This step highlights any false assumptions about whether the University included Dr. David Mackay, current pace of change is likely to lead to a sustainable future. Chief Scientific Officer to the Depart- Step 4: Path-break concepts: this is an envisioning step in which a desirable, sustainable, ment of Energy and future scenario is described, separately from past trends. This becomes the objective for future activity instead of the current, possibly inadequate, future scenarios. (DECC), among others. Strong links Step 5: Back-casting: this is a relatively familiar concept, used to identify a planning were developed with DECC, and its pathway that could achieve the desirable future vision. innovative and parallel work on the Step 6: Trigger events: this is a challenging change activity; the engineers must identify “Pathways to 2050” open source means to break the momentum that forces adherence to possibly inadequate and calculator tool for national energy unsustainable trajectories. This requires the identification of specific actions that can serve planning. Financial support was also to get out of a rut; for a national climate and energy plan the act of participating in a global secured from Shell. alliance like FC-ES may prove to be the required trigger event. Other trigger events include changes of national government (a new government may be more amenable to During Phase 2 the support of IMechE sustainable change), a climate change disaster (after which change may be more and Cambridge University enabled acceptable), or others that national project teams may identify. these substantive outcomes: Step 7: Action plans: this is the stage at which engineers establish workable plans to implement the bold visions and courageous change-making activities in the previous steps.

www.wfeo.net/environment 2 Phase 3: 2011-2014 is also a need to adapt to a future Learning Lessons From Others – During Phase 3, the nature and output which will include more constrained because so many others are working of the project was much more limited, energy supply. on similar endeavours, and because but included the following key steps Whole-System Climate and Energy the FC-ES project is as much about designed to ensure that the project can Plans – National climate and energy “how” a national climate and energy continue, ideally with renewed and plans should address sectors that are plan is created as it is about “what” increased energy and effectiveness, sometimes omitted from purely supply- goes into that plan, participants are when a new and well-resourced side energy plans, including: water, encouraged to collaborate with and national host organisation is food (growing, processing, tran- learn lessons from other organisations established for Phase 4. sporting), transport, waste mini- in their home countries. A new Phase 3 Framework was misation and recycling, the built The project's profile and presence was developed for use by and in environment, and industry and maintained at key conferences, with consultation with participating national manufacturing. the objective of ensuring that the engineering organisations. This built on Transition Engineering Methodology momentum built up so far is the Phase 1 & 2 framework documents – the Framework incorporates a new maintained for Phase 4. and incorporated some key enhance- approach to engineering which enables 2012 – COP 18 – Doha ments to enable the creation of much and facilitates change from unsustain- A small project delegation went to higher value national energy and able, possibly inherited, orthodoxies, Doha for COP-18 to host, for the first climate plans. towards a sustainable new time, an event at the Phase 3 Framework – in consultation conference targeted at with the international network of FC-ES The Energy Hierarchy government partners, some new elements and delegations. We principles were introduced. The organised a side event, Framework Document comprises: sponsored by Shell UK, Engineering Basis – plans to be at which we also based on sound engineering expertise, launched the new and not on political whim, short-term website – www.fc- expedience or ideology. es.net. Data – plans should be based on high- A video interview about quality data describing historical the Future Climate – demand and supply, as well as trends Engineering Solutions in supply and demand that inform (FC-ES) project with sensible forecasts. Daniel Kenning is – plans should enhance available at: all interdependent aspects of http://climatechange- sustainability; the environment upon tv.rtcc.org/cop18- which society is wholly dependent, energy-planning-too- society – including employment – and development direction. This includes a complex-for-politicians/ a better, and more stable, economy. key seven-step process (Krumdieck, 2013 – World Engineers Summit Energy Hierarchy – plans should 2009) developed by the Global To maintain an FC-ES presence, and recognise that the demand side is as Association for Transition Engineering. to avoid the cost and climate impact of important as the supply side, and use (www.transitionengineering.org ) This flying, a paper was delivered on behalf the energy hierarchy both as a methodology can enable new ways of of the project by Wilson Ang, President framework for making decisions about thinking to tackle apparently insoluble of the Environmental Change the design of national energy systems, problems, such as the apparently Organisation, Singapore, who is a and, just as important, as a testing tool intractable problems of global or British Council Climate Ambassador for proving proposals. (The Energy national energy supply and demand and an IMechE member in Singapore. post peak oil. See box (page 2) for Hierarchy published by IMechE 2013 – COP 19 – Warsaw http://www.imeche.org/knowledge/polic explanation of the Transition y/energy/policy/the-energy-hierarchy) Engineering approach. The project was represented at COP-19 by Daniel Kenning, as encouraged by Inclusion of Mitigation of and Two-Tier Process – simple and advanced, to allow the effective Christiana Figueres, Executive Adaptation to Climate Change – Secretary of the UN Framework Mitigation of climate change and introduction of new participants, and to support the continual learning and Convention on Climate Change, who in adaptation to unavoidable climate 2008 put engineering at the centre of change are sometimes seen as improvement process for experienced participants. Each climate and energy her vision: “The challenge we face calls completely different challenges, but for nothing less than a transformation of overall there is a need to adapt plan requires a simple set that a first- time participating organisation should the world economy onto a green, complex human energy using systems sustainable pathway. Technology, both to a changed future, a future which will be able to adopt, and some advanced principles for use by experienced for adaptation and for mitigation, cannot include both reduced greenhouse gas but be at the very centre of this participants. emissions and changed climate. There transformation.” Continued next page

www.wfeo.net/environment 3 Future Climate – Engineering Solutions The Project – the Story By Pernille Hagedorn-Rasmussen Pernille Hagedorn-Rasmussen is a Political Advisor with The Danish Society of Engineers (IDA). Future Climate - Engineering Solutions is an international project involving engineering associations. Its purpose is to demonstrate sustainable energy technologies and solutions in order to support national and international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). The core of the project is national climate plans developed by the participating associations. The project began in 2008 in order to gather engineering associations around the world on the climate change agenda. Future Climate - Engineering Solutions,Copenhagen conference. With the Association of Nordic Engineers serving as the coordinating body, the original partners behind the project The national plans have been offering an opportunity for the were: The Swedish Association of Graduate Engineers, The participating organisations to show the proficiency of their Norwegian Society of Engineers and Technologists, The members both with regard to a national and international Association of German Engineers, and The Danish Society of audience. Engineers. The first milestone was the COP 15 meeting in Copenhagen According to Johan Sittenfeld, of The Swedish Association of and during the project period several international Graduate Engineers: “The Swedish Association of Graduate conferences have been initiated. We have also presented the Engineers participated because we think that climate change result of the projects several times at the UN COP meetings, is one of greatest challenges to society. Different technical in 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2013. The aim is to show the solutions are among the most important components in international community that engineers and their technical dealing with the problems along with a change in views and knowledge are part of the solution to climate change. attitudes. Therefore, it is important that technical Participating associations are: The Danish Society of organisations take responsibility through the skills they Engineers (IDA); The Swedish Association of Graduate possess. Engineers; The Norwegian Society of Engineers (NITO); The “Project Future Climate – Engineering Solutions highlighted Association of German Engineers (VDI); The Institution of the areas in which the countries had substantial knowledge. Engineers (IEI), India; Institution of Mechanical Engineers, This helps developing technologies nationally that can have a U.K.; The American Society of Mechanical Engineers significant impact (ASME), U.S.A, (European operations); The Japan Society of globally. We feel that Mechanical Engineers (JSME); APESMA, Australia; The the project has Finnish Association of GraMiningduate must En glightine ethers way(TE towardK), Fin sustain-land: successfully Union of Professional Engableine eapproachesrs (UIL), Fforin doingland; business.and demonstrated that Engineers Ireland. technology in many Shalini Sharma, of the Institution of Engineers India, cases is available or observed: “By participating in the Future Climate Project, we can be accessed only could study the status of carbon emission (from various if the political climate sectors) in India and its implications and related policies, and the incentives are favourable.” which was a comparatively new subject in India in year 2008- The participating associations have developed their own 09. Also we represented India which was the only developing national climate action plans. The plans give a technical country and fast developing economy in the international evaluation of the national possibilities for reducing climate group of 11 countries. Further organisations could make this gas emissions to a level matching the best-case scenario of project a base and can expand its research efforts for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). mitigation/adaptation.”

Future Climate – Engineering Solutions Project (continued from page 3) A short video was recorded - http://climatechange-tv.rtcc.org/2013/11/19/cop19-daniel-kenning-on-transition-engineering/ Preparations were made in collaboration with the network members for the handover from the U.K. to the next national host organisation. The continuity maintained during Phase 3 will enable a new national host organisation to take on the FC-ES project during 2014-2015. The handover will include workshop activities to introduce the concepts of the project, the Framework Document and its principles, the introduction to the international network, and introduction to lessons learnt about the project. Key stages in the handover include planned activities at the UN Climate Conference in Bonn, June 2014, and at COP-21 in Paris, December 2015.

www.wfeo.net/environment 4 A Climate Plan for Denmark

By Pernille Hagedorn-Rasmussen the backbone of the IDA Climate Plan and homes being markedly reduced in Pernille Hagedorn-Rasmussen is a 2050, which is based solely upon the forthcoming years, and at making

Political Advisor with The Danish Society renewable energy. In 2050, Danish the housing mass CO2 neutral through of Engineers (IDA). greenhouse gas emissions will a combination of energy savings, the As part of the Future Climate Project, originate largely from agricultural integration of renewable energy and members of the Danish Society of production and the emissions that are the development of district heating Engineers (IDA) developed a national linked with the Danish people's food based on renewable energy. The climate plan for Denmark, called the consumption. In the IDA Climate Plan energy consumption in buildings and IDA Climate Plan 2050. It is a holistic 2050, 60-65% of the electricity homes currently constitutes more than message on the way in which the production will be based on wind 40% of the total Danish energy Danish climate gas emissions can be power. The majority of the combined consumption. Denmark currently has reduced by 90% by 2050 while also heat and power production will be the world's most stringent energy improving Denmark's self-sufficiency, based on biomass and waste and thus requirements for buildings, but it will economy, and developing Danish trade constitutes the stabilising element of still be necessary to enhance those and industry. an otherwise fluctuating energy requirements. production. The starting point of the project was The first houses that do not use energy the Intergovernmental Panel on The remaining electricity and have already been erected, and it is Climate Change (IPPC) findings and combined heat and power production recommended that requirements be the United Nations recommendations will be based on solar cells, wave introduced at this early stage into the made in and around the year 2006. It power, geothermal and solar heat. building regulations requiring houses was noted that the inhabitants of the Such a comprehensive development of erected after 2020 to be erected in well-to-do OECD countries cannot in renewable energy sources requires a accordance with the Zero Emission the long-run sustain greater number of consecutive initiatives. Housing standard. However, the greatest savings potential is in the greenhouse gas emissions per capita It will be necessary to increase existing housing mass, and even by than inhabitants of other parts of the research and development within the 2050, the majority of the housing mass world. Since Denmark's per capita critical technologies. It is particularly will consist of homes erected before greenhouse gas emissions are important to also provide necessary 2009. approximately double those of the opportunities to test and demonstrate average world citizen, this means that the technologies and to establish The Climate Plan looks at a substantial we as a country must undertake and innovation markets and feed-in tariffs reduction in energy consumption have taken a substantial reduction that can support a market through continuous renovation up to commitment. The IDA Climate Plan characteristic following the new 2020 and at bringing 75% of most 2050 has therefore aimed to show how technologies. With windmills, it is also poorly insulated structures up to the it is technologically and economically important to draw up as soon as current building regulation require- possible to reduce greenhouse gases possible a long-term development plan ments. In 2030, through further emissions in Denmark by 90%. This for off-shore and on-shore wind reductions, energy consumption in corresponds to each Dane contributing turbines. buildings will be halved compared to no more than around 1.3 tonnes CO2 the present level. Many energy savings Reducing Energy Consumption equivalents by 2050. are privately financially profitable. In In Buildings A Danish Climate Plan Based order to support renovation of private The IDA Climate Plan 2050 also looks Solely Upon Renewable Energy buildings, it will be necessary to at the energy consumption in buildings Wind turbines and biomass constitute Continued next page

www.wfeo.net/environment 5 Continued next page www.wfeo.net/environment 6 A Climate Plan for Denmark (continued from page 6) prepare a long-term plan for increasing energy efficiency Five Years Work With National Climate Plan and for state funds to be earmarked to speed up energy Since the climate plan's publication in 2009, IDA has savings in private residences and in non-profit residential continually worked to make politicians and the public aware buildings. of the possibilities of curbing the CO2 emissions while at Energy Savings Are a Major Tool the same time creating jobs. The IDA Climate Plan 2050 for Denmark emphasises cost- In 2010, it used the political opposition by the government effective solutions, which mean that energy streamlining to the IDA Climate Plan to create a common climate plan. and more efficient utilisation of nature's resources constitute In 2011 there was a change in government in Denmark and a cornerstone of the plan. The plan looks at the Danish the three parties from the opposition took over and brought energy consumption being reduced by 50% by 2050. some of the ideas from their plan into effect. Danes have this objective in common with the particip- For the past three years, IDA annually has made a “smiley” ants in the international project. One of the main points report where we match the results of the IDA Climate Plan in the report issued by the Future Climate Project is that up against the actually national status in Denmark. We a large proportion of reductions could be reaped through have chosen indicators on the basis of which we evaluate if energy savings. Most organisations, therefore, expect to Denmark is on the right track towards the national goal of be able to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases at a CO2 reductions and share of renewable energy. With this national level by up to 50% – solely through energy report, we participate in the public debate on climate efficiency improvements within areas such as manu- change and energy planning. facturing, industry, construction and transportation.

WFEO-CEE and Related Upcoming Events

WFEO Meetings Theme 3 – Engineering and Agriculture ! Nov. 2, 2014, Abuja, Nigeria – WFEO-CEE Face-to- ! Aug. 13–14, 2014, Nairobi. Kenya – The Africa Food Face Meeting #7 Security Conference & Agric Exhibition ! Nov. 2–9, 2014, Abuja, Nigeria – WFEO Executive www.aidembs.com/africafood-security_conference Council Meeting ! Aug. 6–7, 2014, Singapore City, Singapore – 2014 WFEO Events 4th International Conference on Environmental and Agriculture Engineering (ICEAE 2014) www.iceae.org ! Nov. 2–7 2014, Abuja, Nigeria – WECSI 2014 – World ! Engineering Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure Sept. 16–19, 2014, Beijing, China – 18th World in Africa www.wecsi2014.org Congress of CIGR – International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering ! Nov. 28–Dec. 4, 2015, Kyoto, Japan – WECC 2015 – www.cigr2014.org World Engineers’ Conference and Convention www.congre.co.jp/wecc2015 Theme 4 – Engineering and Sustainable Mining ! United Nations Framework Convention on Climate June 12–13, 2014, Falmouth, United Kingdom – Change SRCR'14 – Sustainability through Resource Conservation and Recycling '14 ! June 4–15, 2014, Bonn, Germany – UNFCCC Bonn www.min-eng.com/srcr14 Climate Change Conference www.unfccc.int ! June 25, 2014, Johannesburg, South Africa – Capacity ! Dec. 1–12, 2014, Lima, Peru – UNFCCC Conference of Building Workshop on Mining and Sustainable the Parties – Meeting #20 (COP-20) www.unfccc.int Development, 25th Anniversary Meeting of Society of Meetings Relating to WFEO-CEE Themes Mining Professors www.miningprofs.org Themes 1 and 2 – Climate Change Adaptation and ! Feb. 15–18, 2015, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. – Society Mitigation of Mining Engineers (SME) 144th Annual Meeting – “Navigating the Global Waters” www.smenet.org ! Sept. 23, 2014, United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York, U.S.A. – Climate Summit 2014 - Catalyzing Action www.un.org/climatechange/summit

www.wfeo.net/environment 7 Mitigating Greenhouse Gases (continued from page 1)

Unfortunately this message was lost benefit of reducing the user costs for amid withdrawals from the Kyoto energy and the reduction of GHG Protocol, amid the political intrigue, emissions. Secondly, by implementing environmental activism and the renewable supply sources and spectacle of failure that followed negotiating effective inter-regional Copenhagen. The resulting sharing in times of peak and growing Copenhagen Accord had one new demand, surplus energy can be and positive element. It recognized sourced and shared. Over time, that all GHG emitters must take traditional carbon-based sources can action and engage in the discussions be phased out and replaced with those major emitters who are not more efficient and less-GHG- signatories to the Kyoto Protocol. At intensive infrastructures. subsequent UNFCCC meetings, Transitional Plans Required Assessments a Success WFEO and the Future Climate team Significantly, this can and will only This newsletter updates on the have continuously brought forward happen if transitional plans are progress of Future Climate – our message and updates on formulated and implemented for all Engineering Solutions and progress of our efforts, and have now GHG-intensive facilities as they reach demonstrates that the format of a achieved recognition to the extent the end of their useful and economic national assessment has proven that our community is now seen as a successful. Engineers everywhere lives. Engineers worldwide are in need to press for a national contributor. positions of influence and decision- assessment, one that outlines the Engineers Can Initiate Programs making such that these choices can transition plan and subsequently Engineers, in all countries and all be made without the rigid constraints leads to implementation. The of local, regional, global corporate sectors, can initiate programs to template and format are available. politics. maximize energy efficiency and Let's take the initiative, and solve the hence reduce demand with the dual “It can be done - Let's do it”. problem – take leadership.

Update on WFEO Model Code of Practice for And Environmental Stewardship for Engineers

The Model Code was unanimously approved by the national member Bahrain was completed and posted on World Federation of Engineering Organizations General the WFEO website. Negotiations to translate into several Assembly in September 2013. It was published and other languages are in progress. distributed electronically to all national and international A PowerPoint presentation on the Model Code was members of WFEO in late October. Please see link on completed in March 2014. It is approximately 30 minutes the opening page of the WFEO website www.wfeo.net. long, and includes speaking notes so that others may The Code has a one-page listing of ten principles, similar deliver the presentation. The presentation is the first of a in format to the Model Code of Ethics. An Interpretive series of communication and training products to increase Guide accompanies the listing and provides additional awareness and uptake of the Model Code over the next amplification and guidance on how engineers should few months. It may be delivered in person or via webinar. interpret and implement the principles. National members In April, the presentation will be made widely available after may adopt it as their own guide or use it to develop their the WFEO Executive Board meeting in Paris. The CEE own. Secretariat will work with members to facilitate and support The Model Code and Interpretive Guide have now been speaking opportunities in the coming months. Initial target translated into Spanish. Thanks to national member audiences include national members of WFEO and their Costa Rica for completing that task. The one-page listing engineers as well as United Nations agencies. is also available in French. Translation into Arabic by

with the support of: 8