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Data on the Limanu Cave Mineralogy, South Dobrogea

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DATA ON THE LIMANU CAVE MINERALOGY, SOUTH DOBROGEA GABRIEL DIACONU*, ŞTEFAN MARINCEA**, DELI DUMITRAŞ** Abstract. By means of diphractometric X-rays analyses on powders, we emphasize an association of minerals in the Limanu Cave from South Dobrogea, made up of hydroxylapatite, brushite, calcite, gypsum and dolomite as the main minerals and quartz and illite as secondary minerals. Key words: cave minerals, Limanu Cave, Dobrogea de Sud. 1. INTRODUCTION The E 95 highway, coming from Bulgaria and linking Vama Veche and Mangalia, crosses the Limanu commune situated close to the Mangalia Lake. A short distance away from the commune, in the right slope of the “La Peşteră” valley, is the entrance of the most important endokarstic void from the entire Dobrogea, namely the Peştera Limanu (Limanu Cave) (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. – Geographic position of the Peştera Limanu (after DUMITRESCU et al., 1965). The labyrinthic cave, with a total length of 3,200 m, was initially shaped naturally as a karstic plateau void, subsequently the cave was influenced by its use in the past as a limestone quarry (the cave humid atmosphere facilitating the mining) as well as a shelter until a much more recent time. The mineralogical samples were collected in places underneath bat colonies which produced the guano deposits on the floor (points 4, 22 and 25) (Fig. 2). Trav. Inst. Spéol. «Émile Racovitza», t. XLVII, p. 65–77, Bucarest, 2008 66 Gabriel Diaconu, Ştefan Marincea, Delia Dumitraş 2 Fig. 2. – Peştera Limanu (partial map after DUMITRESCU et al., 1965; points 4, 22 and 25, sampling sites). The X-rays diphractometric analyses on powders evidenced an association of minerals made up of hydroxylapatite, brushite, calcite, gypsum and dolomite as the main minerals and quartz and illite as secondary minerals. 2. ANALYTIC METHODS From the beginning, we have to point out the micronic-size of the crystals in the analyzed samples. The X-rays diphractometric analyses were made by the powders method. The radiation (Cu, Kα, λ = 1.54056 Å) was monocromatized either by using a graphite monocromator or filtered with Ni. The scanning speed was 0.01º, respectively 0.02º (2θ) per second for 4, respectively 2.4 seconds per step. The parameters of the elemental cells of the mineral species were computed using the refining program by the method of the smallest squares. 3 Data on the Limanu cave mineralogy 67 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Hydroxylapatite, [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)], appears as dirty-white, crème or brick- coloured, relatively massive crusts found on the floor covered by clay in a terra rossa facies or on the limestone surface of the walls. Morphologically, the aggregates with a hexagonal habitus suggest an authigenic genesis resulting from precipitation processes. The interreticular distances measured and computed for the main diphractometric reflexes for the two representative hydroxylapatite samples from Peştera Limanu, as well as the Miller indexes established for the hypothesis of the hexagonal symmetry, mineral spatial group P63, are given in Table 1. The average of the two sets of values leads to elemental cells with the size of a = 9.434 (2) Å; c = 6.881 (17) Å and V = 530.4 (11) Å3, the values being very close to those given by BIGI et al. (1996), [a = 9.432 (3) Å; c = 6.881(16) Å]. Table 1 X-rays diphractometric data on powders from two representative samples of hydroxylapatite from Peştera Limanu* Sample PL 6 B Sample PL 10 B Crt. (hkl) no. dmeas.(Å) dcalc. (Å) I / I0 dmeas.(Å) dcalc. (Å) I / I0 1 5.2666 5.2708 4 5.2581 5.2613 3 (101) 2 4.7231 4.7156 2 4.7503 4.7176 3 (110) 3 3.5094 3.5144 1 3.5241 3.5124 3 (201) 4 3.4394 3.4499 42 3.4399 3.4382 72 (002) 5 3.1744 3.1780 1 3.1763 3.1691 7 (102) 6 3.0740 3.0871 11 3.0810 3.0884 14 (210) 7 2.8153 2.8179 79 2.8258 2.8173 100 (211) 8 2.7959 2.7843 100 2.7717 2.7786 82 (112) 9 2.7194 2.7225 33 2.7317 2.7237 35 (300) 10 2.5434 2.5325 12 2.5347 2.5323 9 (301) 11 2.2315 2.2311 12 2.2346 2.2312 36 (221) 12 2.2076 2.2138 1 2.2144 2.2070 2 (103) 13 2.0664 2.0672 12 2.0630 2.0617 6 (113) 14 2.0054 2.0039 16 1.9975 1.9990 21 (203) 15 1.8906 1.8936 19 1.8899 1.8922 9 (132) 16 1.8695 1.8738 7 1.8739 1.8746 23 (230) 17 1.8456 1.8444 20 1.8361 1.8406 19 (213) 18 1.7841 1.7823 5 – – – (410) 19 1.7519 1.7572 29 1.7565 1.7562 25 (402) 20 1.7237 1.7257 11 1.7300 1.7260 5 (141) 68 Gabriel Diaconu, Ştefan Marincea, Delia Dumitraş 4 Sample PL 6 B Sample PL 10 B Crt. (hkl) no. dmeas.(Å) dcalc. (Å) I / I0 dmeas.(Å) dcalc. (Å) I / I0 21 1.7237 1.7250 11 1.7153 1.7191 22 (004) 22 1.6888 1.6877 4 1.6849 1.6823 10 (104) 23 1.6454 1.6466 20 1.6407 1.6459 30 (322) 24 1.6454 1.6464 20 1.6407 1.6439 30 (223) 25 – – – 1.6132 1.6116 32 (313) 26 1.5792 1.5835 2 1.5799 1.5829 6 (412) 27 1.5046 1.5058 11 – – – (124) 28 1.4669 1.4670 1 1.4705 1.4676 7 (510) 29 1.4527 1.4527 2 1.4527 1.4511 5 (323) 30 1.4354 1.4349 20 1.4321 1.4353 7 (511) 31 1.4104 1.4088 16 1.4064 1.4074 7 (143) 32 1.3645 1.3613 13 1.3615 1.3619 24 (600) 33 1.3222 1.3180 21 1.3185 1.3184 18 (431) 34 1.3154 1.3177 26 – – – (404) 35 1.2819 1.2850 22 1.2859 1.2854 24 (521) 36 1.2705 1.2691 9 – – – (234) 37 1.2551 1.2598 16 1.2567 1.2563 26 (215) 38 1.2551 1.2513 16 1.2512 1.2512 9 (342) 39 1.2478 1.2456 9 1.2460 1.2460 27 (610) 40 1.2352 1.2368 21 1.2344 1.2360 36 (513) 41 1.2240 1.2229 20 – – – (252) 42 1.1871 1.1910 7 1.1889 1.1881 21 (225) 43 1.1871 1.1861 7 1.1840 1.1845 8 (504) 44 1.1803 1.1789 7 1.1773 1.1794 5 (440) 45 1.1666 1.1668 6 – – – (350) 46 1.1614 1.1621 12 1.1639 1.1624 3 (441) 47 1.1469 1.1508 32 1.1526 1.1508 28 (351) 48 1.1354 1.1326 16 1.1338 1.1331 8 (260) 49 1.1182 1.1175 10 1.1181 1.1162 14 (514) 50 1.1182 1.1172 10 1.1130 1.1137 15 (116) 51 1.1108 1.1112 20 1.1083 1.1089 3 (235) 52 1.0940 1.0953 14 1.0941 1.0948 16 (613) *Radiation Cu Kα filtered with Ni (λ = 1.54056 Å) 2 θ = 22–89º. Number of refining cycles: 4, 5, 3. Brushite, CaH(PO4) · 2 H2O, appears sporadically as local, powdery deposits on the surface or in the fissures of the hydroxylapatite crusts. The shining white micro-nodules were collected with difficulty but in a sufficient quantity for the diphractometric analysis: the computed and measured interreticular distances and the recorded relative intensities, with the corresponding Miller indexes, are given in Table 2. 5 Data on the Limanu cave mineralogy 69 Table 2 X-rays diphractometric data from a representative sample of brushite from Peştera Limanu* Crt. Sample PL 6 B Crt. Sample PL 6 B (hkl) no. (hkl) no. dmeas.(Å) dcalc. (Å) I / I0 dmeas.(Å) dcalc.(Å) I / I0 1 7.5461 7.5986 100 (020) 38 1.3720 1.3707 16 (1.10.1) 2 4.9710 4.9265 95 (110) 39 1.3645 1.3674 13 (–1.5.4) 3 4.2388 4.2362 49 (–1.2.1) 40 1.3487 1.3489 24 (–3.8.1) 4 3.8073 3.7993 14 (040) 41 1.3487 1.3466 24 (–4.3.3) 5 3.0271 3.0401 29 (–1.1.2) 42 1.3342 1.3353 20 (0.10.2) 6 2.8453 2.8522 78 (–2.1.1) 43 1.3342 1.3354 20 (1.11.0) 7 2.7959 2.7967 95 (002) 44 1.3203 1.3230 21 (–2.6.4) 8 2.6548 2.6460 18 (–1.3.2) 45 1.3154 1.3173 26 (192) 9 2.5434 2.5329 12 (060) 46 1.3005 1.3019 11 (400) 10 2.5434 2.5514 12 (–2.0.2) 47 1.2819 1.2832 22 (420) 11 2.4735 2.4633 1 (220) 48 1.2819 1.2820 22 (–4.5.1) 12 2.1127 2.1181 6 (–2.4.2) 49 1.2705 1.2693 9 (–4.5.3) 13 1.9682 1.9729 33 (–2.1.3) 50 1.2541 1.2516 16 (093) 14 1.8502 1.8520 18 (–2.3.3) 51 1.2478 1.2476 9 (–2.11.1) 15 1.8021 1.7975 18 (–2.6.2) 52 1.2352 1.2340 21 (233) 16 1.7841 1.7903 5 (–181) 53 1.2298 1.2316 27 (440) 17 1.7841 1.7788 5 (–1.7.2) 54 1.2240 1.2251 20 (–1.10.3) 18 1.7337 1.7388 11 (–2.7.1) 55 1.2240 1.2242 20 (064) 19 1.7337 1.7308 11 (152) 56 1.2173 1.2179 32 (282) 20 1.7142 1.7105 21 (–341) 57 1.2173 1.2178 32 (114) 21 1.6888 1.6938 4 (251) 58 1.2112 1.2116 24 (332) 22 1.6667 1.6648 7 (–2.5.3) 59 1.2112 1.2104 24 (390) 23 1.6454 1.6421 20 (330) 60 1.1728 1.1747 8 (–4.7.3) 24 1.6256 1.6300 23 (181) 61 1.1666 1.1686 6 (381) 25 1.5496 1.5535 16 (222) 62 1.1614 1.1595 12 (–3.4.5) 26 1.5496 1.5514 16 (–2.0.4) 63 1.1441 1.1443 19 (0.13.1) 27 1.5396 1.5347 14 (280) 64 1.1441 1.1439 19 (2.11.1) 28 1.5046 1.5074 11 (350) 65 1.1403 1.1406 16 (1.13.0) 29 1.4669 1.4643 1 (242) 66 1.1403 1.1394 16 (–4.6.4) 30 1.4587 1.4549 2 (321) 67 1.1354 1.1343 16 (–1.9.4) 31 1.4587 1.4597 2 (–2.9.1) 68 1.1287 1.1288 18 (–4.1.5) 70 Gabriel Diaconu, Ştefan Marincea, Delia Dumitraş 6 Crt.
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    Marine spatial plan for the cross-border area Mangalia Shabla Current situation analysis EUROPEAN COMMISSION Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) Department A - COSME, H2020 SME and EMFF Unit A3 - EMFF Call reference No: MARE/2014/22 Project Full Name: Cross border maritime spatial planning in the Black Sea – Romania and Bulgaria (MARSPLAN – BS) Project No: EASME/EMFF/2014/1.2.1.5/2/SI2.707672 MSP LOT 1 /BLACK SEA/MARSPLAN-BS European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) Marine spatial plan for the cross-border area Mangalia Shabla Volume 1 Current situation analysis - topic paper DELIVRABLE Page 1 Marine spatial plan for the cross-border area Mangalia Shabla Current situation analysis 1. Introduction to specific problems of the area The marine spatial plan for Mangalia-Shabla area was conceived as a pilot project included in MATSPLAN -BS project in order to test the capacities of the two countries to develop and adopt a concrete instrument for the management of the marine area. This plan takes into consideration the existing data describing the processes of the natural marine areas as well as the human activities developed in this area in order to establish balance between human actions and ecosystems subsistence. The plan is meant also to to put into practice the EU Directive for MSP, creating an institutional framework for MSP implementation in Romania and Bulgaria, enhancing the cross-border cooperation and exchange of information between the two countries. 1.1 Plan area delimitation The spatial plan area is located at the border between Romania and Bulgaria, its delimitation took into consideration two types of zones: the territorial waters (the management area) and coastal area and EEZ (the extended analyse area for the study of interactions).
  • Strategia De Dezvoltare Durabila a Orasului Negru Voda 2015-2020

    Strategia De Dezvoltare Durabila a Orasului Negru Voda 2015-2020

    Dezvoltarea capacității de planificare strategică la Strategia de dezvoltare durabilă nivelul autorităților administrației publice locale ale a oraşului Negru Voda orașelor din România Strategia de dezvoltare durabila a orasului Negru Voda 2015-2020 Document elaborat în cadrul proiectului “Dezvoltarea capacitații de planificare strategică la nivelul autoritaților administrației publice locale ale oraselor din România, cod SMIS 27520” Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul Social European, prin Programul Operațional Dezvoltarea Capacitații Administrative 2007-2013 1 Dezvoltarea capacității de planificare strategică la Strategia de dezvoltare durabilă nivelul autorităților administrației publice locale ale a oraşului Negru Voda orașelor din România Document elaborat sub îndrumarea expertilor: Haidu Ovidiu Beneficiarul proiectului: Ministerul Dezvoltării Regionale și Administrației Publice Parteneri Asociatia Oraselor din România Asociatia Secretarilor Oraselor din România Perioada de implementare 21 de luni (26.02.2014 – 26.11.2015) Obiectivul general al proiectului Întarirea capacitatii administrative a autoritatilor administratiei publice centrale si locale. Scopul proiectului: Dezvoltarea capacitatii de planificare strategica la nivelul oraselor din România 2 Dezvoltarea capacității de planificare strategică la Strategia de dezvoltare durabilă nivelul autorităților administrației publice locale ale a oraşului Negru Voda orașelor din România PREAMBUL Documentul de față a fost elaborat in cadrul proeictului “Dezvoltarea capacității de planificare
  • COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) from the PATRIMONY of “GRIGORE ANTIPA” NATIONAL MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY (BUCHAREST) (Part V)

    COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) from the PATRIMONY of “GRIGORE ANTIPA” NATIONAL MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY (BUCHAREST) (Part V)

    Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle © Décembre Vol. LIII pp. 235–272 «Grigore Antipa» 2010 DOI: 10.2478/v10191-010-0018-3 THE CATALOGUE OF THE PALAEARCTIC SPECIES OF LAMIINAE (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) FROM THE PATRIMONY OF “GRIGORE ANTIPA” NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (BUCHAREST) (Part V) To Dr. Nicolae Sãvulescu’s memory RODICA SERAFIM Abstract. The catalogue presents Palaearctic Cerambycidae coleopteran species of the subfamily Lamiinae preserved in the collections of “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History of Bucharest. Résumé. Le catalogue présente les espèces de coléoptères paléartiques de Cerambycidae, sousfamille Lamiinae, gardés dans les collections du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” de Bucarest. Key words: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, catalogue, collections, “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Bucureºti (Bucharest). INTRODUCTION The Cerambycidae collections preserved in “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History from Bucureºti (Bucharest), consists of: - material from the old coleopteran collection from the Palaearctic area (which gather specimens from Richard Canisius, Deszö Kenderessy, Eduard Fleck, Fridrich Deubel, Arnold Lucien Montandon, Emil Varady collections, acquired between 1883 – 1923); - lots of material from Dr. Nicolae Sãvulescu’s collection acquired between 1961 – 1982 and material from the same collection, which were included in the Museum patrimony in 1992, after Dr. Nicolae Sãvulescu’s death; - specimens obtained by exchange with foreign specialists and collectors; - donations: Daniel Kubisz, Mihai ªerban Procheº, Viorel Ungureanu, Petru Istrate; - material collected in the field in Romania by the specialists of the “Grigore Antipa” Museum and by their collaborators, during 1946 – 2009. - material collected from Morocco, Turkey, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Syria (Expeditions of „Grigore Antipa” Museum in the Mediterranean countries), during 2005 – 2008.
  • On the Probable Maximum Precipitation Method

    On the Probable Maximum Precipitation Method

    ON THE PROBABLE MAXIMUM PRECIPITATION METHOD A. BARBULESCU1, C.S. DUMITRIU2, C. MAFTEI1 1Transilvania University of Brașov, 5 Turnului Str., 900152, Brașov, Romania E-mail: [email protected]; E-mail: [email protected] 2SC Utilnavorep SA, 55 Aurel Vlaicu Av., 900055, Constanța, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Authors for correspondence: Cristian Ștefan Dumitriu and Alina Bărbulescu Received Abstract. Climate change is affecting the population’s life and activity all over the world. Precipitation is one of the meteorological vectors essential for normal plant growth and agricultural activities. The Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) concept is based on the evaluation, using a deterministic approach, of the upper limit of the precipitation at a location, in a given period. In this context, the study aims at determining the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) in Dobrogea, Romania, a region experiencing long drought periods. Since the Hershfield method, recommended by WMO, does not provide an appropriate PMP value for the study region, two alternatives are proposed. Comparisons are also provided. Key words: precipitation; PMP; Hershfield method 1. INTRODUCTION Defined in the WMO documents as the highest rainfall quantity recorded for a particular period at a given site, the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) has significant importance for predicting the apparition of extreme events [1]. More precisely, PMP is “the theoretically greatest depth of precipitation for a given duration that is physically possible over a given size storm area at a particular geographical location at a certain time of the year” [2]. The PMP concept relies on the hypotheses that an upper bound of the precipitation depth at a specified location and particular time of year exists and it can be determined [3] based on deterministic reasons [4].
  • DIRECŢIA JUDEŢEANĂ CONSTANŢA a ARHIVELOR NAŢIONALE Lista Fondurilor Şi Colecţiilor Care Se Dau În Cercetare Deţinute De

    DIRECŢIA JUDEŢEANĂ CONSTANŢA a ARHIVELOR NAŢIONALE Lista Fondurilor Şi Colecţiilor Care Se Dau În Cercetare Deţinute De

    DIRECŢIA JUDEŢEANĂ CONSTANŢA A ARHIVELOR NAŢIONALE Lista fondurilor şi colecţiilor care se dau în cercetare deţinute de Direcţia Judeţeană Constanţa a Arhivelor Naţionale Nr. Denumirea fondului sau colecţiei Anii extremi Nr. U.A. crt. Nr. inventar 1. 13 Administraţia Vamală Constanţa 1924 - 1948 253 2. 352 Ansamblul Artistic “Brâuleţul” Constanţa 1963 – 1970 16 3. 539 Asociaţia Română pentru Legături cu Uniunea Sovietică 1956 – 1963 8 4. 220 Atelierele “Secera şi Ciocanul” Constanţa 1945 – 1951 56 5. 191 Banca Agricolă – Sucursala Constanţa 1955 - 1960 153 6. 196 Banca Comercială Română – Sucursala Constanţa 1946 – 1947 2 7. 181 Banca “Creditului Dobrogei” - Constanţa 1921 - 1944 11 8. 52 Banca Creditului Naţional Agricol 1938 – 1948 63 9. 219 Banca Naţională a României – Sucursala jud. Constanţa 1929 – 1966 161 10. 192 Banca Naţională a RSR – Direcţia Orăşenească Constanţa 1952 - 1966 109 11. 194 Banca Naţională Filiala Mangalia 1949 – 1955 19 12. 193 Banca Naţională Filiala Negru Vodă 1956 - 1966 11 13. 51 Banca Românească Constanţa 1915 – 1951 471 14. 195 Banca Sovieto – Română, Constanţa 1953 – 1954 22 15. 87 Camera Agricolă a jud. Constanţa 1939 – 1949 167 16. 88; 228 Camera de Comerţ – jud. Constanţa 1920 – 1950 8099 17. 11; 36; Camera de Muncă Constanta 1933 - 1948 12481 37 18. 499 CAP Anadalchioi 1958 – 1986 95 19. 494 CAP Valea Seacă 1952 – 1989 64 20. 493 CAP Valul lui Traian 1952 – 1990 69 21. 498 CAP Viile Noi 1952 – 1980 164 22. 111 Căpitănia Portului Constanţa 1892 – 1950 307 23. 171 Căpitănia Portului Mangalia 1919 – 1952 53 24. 497 Căpitănia Portului Ostrov 1936 – 1982 199 25.