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La Paura Degli Aristocratici Nell'impero Romano

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La Paura Degli Aristocratici Nell'impero Romano Progetto grafco BraDypUS Editore Abbonamenti È possibile attivare abbonamenti con l’editore della durata minima di tre anni. Ai volumi venduti in abbonamento viene applicato uno sconto del 25% del prezzo di copertina. Per maggiori informazioni si prega di contattare l’editore: BraDypUS. Communicating Cultural Heritage indirizzo: via A. Fioravanti 72. 40129 Bologna, Italia web: http://bradypus.net email: [email protected] ISSN: 2282-6033 ISSN-L: 1825-411X ISBN: 9788898392490 DOI: 10.12977/stor Copyright: Se non diversamente specifcato, il copyright dei singoli contributi appartiene ai rispettivi autori. Quest’opera è stata rilasciata con licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale. Per leggere una copia della licenza visita il sito web http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0. Contenuti (immagini o testi) con licenza diversa verranno segnalati all’interno degli articoli dove sono contenuti. 2016 BraDypUS Editore via Aristotile Fioravanti, 72 40129 Bologna CF e P.IVA 02864631201 http://bradypus.net http://books.bradypus.net [email protected] Finito di stampare nel dicembre 2016 ANNALE 2015 BraDypUS.net COMMUNICATING CULTURAL HERITAGE Bologna 2016 Direzione Marica Tolomelli Co-Direzione Tiziana Lazzari Coordinatore di redazione Vittorio Caporrella ([email protected]) Redazione Alice Bencivenni, Claudio Bisoni, Paolo Capuzzo Maria Pia Casalena Davide Domenici, Mirco Dondi, Cristiana Facchini, Vito Francesco Gironda, Maria Teresa Guerrini, Giovanni Isabella, Luca Jourdan, Rafaele Laudani, Elisa Magnani, Clizia Magoni, Gaetano Mangiameli Manuela Martini, Karin Pallaver, Matteo Pasetti, Paola Rudan Comitato scientifco Gian Paolo Brizzi (Università di Bologna), Alberto De Bernardi (Università di Bologna), Massimo Donattini (Università di Bologna), Marcello Flores (Università degli Studi di Siena), John Foot (University College, Londra), Giovanni Geraci (Università di Bologna), Massimo Montanari (Università di Bologna), Mauro Pesce (Università di Bologna), Lourenzo Prieto (Università di Santiago di Compostela), Paolo Prodi (Università di Bologna), Dominic Rathbone (King’s College, Londra), Maria Salvati (Università di Bologna), Francesca Sofa (Università di Bologna) Redazione web Julian Bogdani, Erika Vecchietti (BraDypUS Editore) Peer review Tutti i saggi scientifci sono sottoposti a double-blind peer review. Per ulteriori informazioni e per consultare la lista dei referee: http://storicamente.org/peer_review. Contatti e proposte Storicamente, Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà, Università di di articoli Bologna, Piazza San Giovanni in Monte 2, Bologna I-40124, Italy. Indirizzo e-mail: [email protected] Questo volume è l’edizione annuale a stampa dei saggi apparsi sull’e-journal Storicamente, realizzato con il contributo del Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà - Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna. Direttore responsabile Gian Paolo Brizzi Autorizzazione Tribunale di Bologna n. 7593 del 9 novembre 2005. ANNALE 2015 INDICE DOSSIER Representations of Fear in History: Empirical/Practical evidence and Methodological Issues, a cura di Vito Gironda, Marica Tolomelli Vito Gironda, Marica Tolomelli History and Emotions: On Social Constructions and the Politics of fear . p. 11 Introduzione. Storia e emozioni: costruzioni sociali e politiche della paura . p. 19 Uwe Walter «Ogni vincolo di umana solidarietà era annientato dalla forza della paura». La paura degli aristocratici nell’impero romano. p. 27 Tommaso Gnoli Metus Gallicus: “metus” come spinta al cambiamento. p. 47 Torben Möbius World War II Aerial Bombings of Germany: Fear as Subject of National Socialist Governmental Practices . p. 63 Matthias Müller Daily Routines under Constant Surveillance: West German Foreign Correspondents in Moscow in the 1950s and 60s . p. 85 Jan Höltje Emotional Aspects of Road Safety Issues in Bielefeld, 1979-1995 . p. 105 Florian Schleking Psychedelic Fears: Drug Use as an Emotional Practice in West Germany around 1970 . p. 131 STUDI E RICERCHE Werner Eck Augusto e la Germania: come nasce una provincia . p. 155 Álvaro Garrido Le Corporatisme de l’État Nouveau Portugais. Un débat sur l’institutionnalisation économique de la Nation . p. 181 COMUNICARE STORIA Paolo Noto Gli studi cinematografci e la Prima Guerra Mondiale: alcune tendenze . p. 205 Storiografe a confronto: linguaggi e concetti nelle traduzioni Luigi Provero Storiografe a confronto: linguaggi e concetti nelle traduzioni. Una premessa . p. 219 Alessio Fiore Grandi narrazioni e lettura comparativa: metodo e prassi in “Framing the Early Middle Ages” di Chris Wickham . p. 227 Giovanni Isabella La mediazione concettuale fra storiografe “nazionali” distanti: “Die Ottonen” di Hagen Keller . p. 241 Isabella Lazzarini Rinascimento, Stato, Italia: traduzioni e tradizioni fra Italia e mondo angloamericano . p. 259 FONTI E DOCUMENTI Matteo Proto Geografe e cartografe di guerra: “Il Trentino. Cenni geogra- fci, storici, economici. Con un’appendice sull’Alto Adige” di Cesare Battisti (1915) . p. 281 TECNOSTORIA Roberta Cimino, Tim Geelhaar, Silke Schwandt Digital Approaches to Historical Semantics: New Research Directions at Frankfurt University . p. 301 DIBATTITI Lorenzo Kamel Identities and Migrations: a Borderless Middle East’s Perspective p. 321 DOSSIER REPRESENTATIONS OF FEAR IN HISTORY: EMPIRICAL/PRACTICAL EVIDENCE AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES History and Emotions: On Social Constructions and the Politics of Fear VITO GIRONDA Univ. Bielefeld, Abteilung Geschichte MARICA TOLOMELLI Univ. Bologna, Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà In the collection of sources ofered in this dossier, one of the frst con- clusions to come to light is how various representations of fear, from political and social points of view, are capable of infuencing processes and dynamics of the most diferent of natures. History gives us seve- ral reasons for this, ranging from metus gallicum – as discussed in an essay by Tommaso Gnoli – or the way in which the power of fear was exercised by constituents of the aristocracy of the Roman Empi- re (Uwe Walter), or even deriving from the search for security when faced with threats which are either external or have been produced by one’s surroundings. In all of the above cases, the political mobilisation of fear comes to light as a factor which is capable of directing collective action and has been evidenced in an incisive manner and is loaded with consequences in certain verses. If we were to simply limit ourselves to observations concerning the feeling of uncertainty which has been created recently in Europe in the wake of old problems resurfacing and newer challenges arising, the recourse of the metaphorical politics of fear – that is, the fear of losing economic power and cultural hegemony on a global scale or the fear of being overwhelmed by endless waves of 12 Storicamente 11 - 2015 Dossier: “History and Emotions: On Social Constructions and the Politics of Fear” migrants – is noticeable in the daily routines of every government in Europe [Salvati 2015]. An area of research which has been studied frequently in historio- graphy over the course of the 20th Century and more notably very recently is the question of fear as a political and historical factor. Much has already been published since 1932 when Georges Lefebvre, in a refection on the construction of a political space during the French Revolution, noted the presence of the frst stage of revolutionary po- liticization which then became a reality during the presumed aristo- cratic conspiracy [Lefebvre 1932]. In 1978, almost ffty years after the publication of Lefebvre’s work, Jean Delumeau published La peur en Occident, XIVe – XVIIIe siècles. Une cité assiégée. In this essay, the French historian focused his analysis on the social dynamics in which a “pro- cessing of fears” had taken shape (heretics, blasphemers, Satan, Jews, subversive people and so on) without failing to ofer an interpretation regarding the reasons for the radicalisation of fear in the collective con- sciousness of the working class and the élites who occupied positions of power, frst among which being the clergy [Delumeau 1978]. Re- cently, Joanna Bourke has proposed an inventory of case studies about the perceptions and representations of fear in America and the United Kingdom from the Nineteenth to the Twentieth Century, and conclu- ded by writing that fear is «a powerful driving force in the history of humanity» [Bourke 2005, XII]. Perhaps instead of going into the merits and the problems of Bourke’s study, the reader could focus on an entirely diferent issue. Bourke, as many other theorists studying the cultural history of emotions, assigns fear a universal character. In the process of the formation of modernity, fear becomes a historical and political factor, a coagulation of dife- rent interests and expectations of social groups: during the structural transformations of modernity it acquires a variable infnity of cultu- ral meanings and can become an instrument in the foundation and legitimisation of political power. In other words, in cultural history VitO GirOnDA, MAriCA tOlOMElli 13 History and Emotions: On Social Constructions and the Politics of Fear it is fear which is an elementary form of the organisation of modern societies, especially in public discourse where it could constitute an element of negotiation which had become necessary to determine the physiognomy of certain relationships of power1. However, in this way, the cultural history of fear
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