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NASA Reference Publication 1097
October 1982 NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature
Leif E. Andersson and Ewen A. Whitaker
N/ SA
NASA Reference Publication 1097
1982 NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature
Leif E. Andersson and Ewen A. Whitaker University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Scientific and Technical Information Branch
PREFACE
Newcomers to lunar studies who need to make use of lunar nomen- clature often express dismay at the apparently haphazard and illogical disposition of names and letters on lunar maps, and especially at the apparent lack of standardization between the numerous maps, catalogues and other publications that might reasonably be expected to show con- sistency. Their dismay is not without some foundation. Changes and alterations are the anathema of a stable, standardized nomenclature, yet errors and inconsistencies should be corrected, and additions have
to be made as studies of the lunar surface become more extensive and detailed. Lunar nomenclature is, first and foremost, a method of com- munication _ a kind of shorthand whereby important surface features can be visualized immediately upon seeing their names, and lesser fea-
tures can be referred to without the need to resort to lengthy descrip-
tions of their relative or absolute locations.
Unfortunately, these changes and additions have not always been
carried out advisedly or with the users' best interests in view. This
was especially the case for several years from 1972 onwards, when the
basic concepts and ethics of the subject were subjugated to the supposed
requirements for certain maps, and to the kudos deriving from the place-
ment of many new names on lunar features. Although that situation was
finally rectified, it has left a legacy of confusion that will plague
lunar nomenclature for posterity. For general convenience, it was originally intended to include in a single documentboth the many changes effected during the last two dec- ades, and the NASAversion of the currently approved nomenclature. A brief survey of the origins and earlier development of this nomenclature would have provided a useful background. However, an interest was ex-
pressed from several quarters in such extra related topics as when and
by whom the various formations were named; what names have been moved or
removed over the years; why are the Greek names clustered towards the
north; what are the rules for proposing new names, and so on. For this
reason it was thought more expedient to issue this historical, explana-
tory, and general reference material as a separate, companion publication.
It is currently in preparation and will be titled "Handbook of Lunar
Nomenclature".
One result stemming from the activities of the mid-1970's was a
difference of opinion between the IAU and NASA over what constitutes
"approved" nomenclature. This Catalogue presents the complete NASA-
approved lunar nomenclature as of mid-1981. It differs from the IAU-
approved version in that it includes letter designations for subsidiary
craters, and uses a more familiar spelling for eight names. The official
IAU catalogue of Solar System nomenclature, to be named _'Gazetteer of
Planets and Satellites" is now in preparation, and will list the IAU- approved nomenclature for features on all those bodies for which surface
imagery exists. Letter-designated features are excluded. Those lists will provide brief but useful biographical or descriptive data for all
the names, with coordinates, dimensions and cartographic information for location purposes. The portion of that catalogue pertaining to lunar nomenclature was compiled by staff of the Center for Earth and Planetary
Sciences, National Air and Space Museum, under the direction of F. EI-Baz.
A close liaison was maintained with that group to ensure maximum compat- ibility between data common to their catalogue and this one, although some coordinates and dimensions will differ somewhat, especially for farside craters and for non-crater features with vague boundaries. Acknowledgments The initial versions of the computer-printed lists of craters were prepared by the late Dr. Leif E. Andersson, who was also responsible for estimating coordinates for all the listed farside craters as well as for many in the nearside limb regions. He also computed the diameters of these craters from measurements made by LPL staff on Lunar
Orbiter photographs, and wrote the preliminary version of the accompany- ing explanation of the crater listings. I thank Ed Rains and John Spencer for performing various checks and for incorporating several changes and updates into the lists, and the latter for producing the computer-printed versions reproduced here. I also thank Dan Kinsler, late of the Lunar and Planetary Institute, for valuable assistance throughout most phases of this project, and especially for his review of the new farside letter designations, which resulted in several improvements being made.
This work was supported by NASA grant NGL 03-002-191
Ewen A. Whitaker
Tucson, September 1981
CONTENTS
iii Preface ......
Part I - Explanation
General information ...... 3
Explanation of the listings: CRATERS ...... 5
NON-CRATER FEATURES ...... 9
MINOR and MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES• ii
Part 2 - Listings
Group I -- CRATERS
(a) named and letter-designated craters -- whole Moon ...... i
(b) named and letter-designated craters -- nearside ...... I
(c) named and letter-designated craters -- farside ...... i
(d) named craters only -- whole Moon ...... I
(e) named craters only -- nearside ...... I
(f) named craters only -- farside ...... I
(g) replacement names (post-1972) for craters previously ...... i having letter designations
Group 2 -- NON-CRATER FEATURES ...... • • • • • • " • • • • • • • • • • • • • I
Group 3 -- MINOR and MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES
(a+b) craters and other features on NASA Lunar Top•photomaps
(c) features named to facilitate Apollo mission operations
(d) miscellaneous features
vii
NASA CATALOGUE OF LUNAR NOMENCLATURE
Part I - Explanation
GENERAL INFORMATION
This Catalogue, together with its companion Handbook, are basically the outcome of the differing views, mentioned in the Preface, regarding what constitutes "approved" or "official" lunar nomenclature.
The International Astronomical Union (IAU), which has had the responsi- bility of producing and maintaining a standard scheme of nomenclature since the Union's founding in 1919, published a definitive map and cata- logue in 1935 which included not only all formations with accepted names
(681 total) but also all those with letter designations (over 5400).
Up to 1973, various additions, deletions and general improvements were made to the lists of both the named and the letter-designated formations.
These were all given IAU approval, but in that year the IAU passed a resolution to drop all the letter designations for subsidiary craters and elevations, and also the Roman numeral designations for rilles.
It was also proposed to assign new names progressively to the previously lettered craters, an action that stemmed in part from a NASA request to be provided with identifying names to be applied to the new LTO (Lunar
Topographic Orthophotomap) series of large-scale map sheets. Some 123 new names were applied to craters previously designated by letters.
Bowing to pressure from users, the IAU in 1976 modified its com- plete excision of letter designations, but decided that it should still officially concern itself with named formations only, partly because of the greatly increased task of providing and keeping track of the many hundreds of extra names required for formations newly revealed on the planetary satellites and the terrestrial planets, and partly because the assignment of letter designations was considered to be more of a carto- graphic concern than a nomenclatural one. From that date, maps thac in- cluded the new replacement names would also give, in brackets under those names, the letter designations being replaced. Thus although the use of the letter designations was no longer being discouraged, The IAU did not give them official recognition, and they would not be included in the
IAU's forthcoming Gazetteer of Planets and Satellites.
3 However, succeeding NASA officials, as well as many users, felt that the letter designations still formed a very important part of the overall lunar nomenclature, and should be included with the named feat- ures. The US Government (USAF, AMS, USGS and NASA) had funded virtually all lunar mapping in the US from 1959 onwards, and the letters had been included in most of these extensively used maps. Many of the letters had been in use for up to 140 years, and were firmly entrenched in a large body of literature; they ranked an "official" status by virtue of long and widespread usage, and arbitrary decisions by the IAU could not diminish their importance.
For these reasons, this Cata|ogue includes the previously IAU- approved nearside letter designations, suitably amended, in addition to the entire listing of IAU-approved names as of mid-1981. Furthermore, in response to a demand for a denser network of identified craters on
the Moon's farside, Whitaker devised a logical scheme of letter desig- nations for subsidiary craters in that hemisphere. These new farside designations have received full NASA approval, and have been included on all relevant maps produced recently under NASA's direction and spon- sorship. They are also included in this Catalogue, where they appear in tabular form for the first time. As already mentioned, a more re- cognizable spelling, corresponding with that used on the latest NASA- sponsored maps, has been used for eight names.
This Cata]ogue may therefore be used with full confidence by researchers, cartographers etc. Its listings supersede all earlier catalogues and maps; any names found on these older documents that do not appear here have been dropped or substituted for good reason, and should not be used. EXPLANATION OF THE LISTINGS
The listed features have been divided into three main groups for cataloguing purposes, namely (i) Craters; (2) Non-crater features; and
(3) Minor and miscellaneous features. The crater lists are reproduced from computer printouts, having been extracted from an extensive crater cataloguing program now nearing completion at this Laboratory.
(i) CRATERS
(a) General
For increased usefulness, these listings are provided for
the whole Moon, for the nearside only, and for the farside only.
Each of these subgroups lists named and letter-designated craters
combined, and the named craters alone. There are 150 entries per
page. Small craters having first-name designations (e.g. Agnes)
and those that received names for operational purposes in Apollo
landing areas (e.g. 5hoFty) are excluded from these lists, but
will be found in Group 3. The 1973 IAU decision to replace the
letter designations with new names resulted in 123 such replace-
ments, but Ii were not approved, and the letters have thus been
restored. Because of their small size, many of the remaining
112 craters have not appeared on small-scale maps. A separate
list of these recently named craters and their previous letter
designations is therefore included here to provide a link with
earlier catalogues, maps and other literature.
Number statistics may be of interest, and are as follows:
Nearside Farside Whole Moon
Named craters 796 599 1395
Letter-desig- 5435 1667 7102 nated craters
Total craters 6231 2266 8497 (b) Sources of names and letter designations
The basic starting list
for nearside craters was that given in The System of Lunar Craters,
by D. W. G. Arthur et aZ., (Communications of the Lunar and Planet-
ary Laboratory, nos. 30, 40, 50 and 70; 1963-1966), which was ap-
proved by the IAU in 1964 and 1967 as an improved version of its
Named Lunar Formations, by M. A. Blagg and K. M_ller (1935). The
basic list for farside craters was that given in Report on Lunar
Nomenclature, by D. Menzel et _., Space Science Reviews 12, 136-
186, (1971). The net results of all the changes reported in the
Transactions of the IAU for 1973, 1976 and 1979, together with
those proceeding from the 1980 and 1981 meetings of the IAU Working
Group for Planetary System Nomenclature, have been incorporated
into the lists given here. The nearside letter designations from
the Arthur list referred to above have been corrected and updated
as necessary except for some small areas towards the Moon's limbs.
Following the decision of a NASA-convened committee, double-letter
designations have either been dropped or replaced by single letters,
except in a few cases where such action was c!early not practical.
The letter designation scheme for the farside was devised
for maximum ease in locating craters on maps, and works as follows:
each "patronymic" crater is considered to be the center x"ZA, of a 24 hour clockface in which the numbers have been W ;J'-'-'_.C V ._ _ ,.D U ' E replaced with Roman capital letters (] and 0 omitted,
24 h. = Z), with Z at the north point. Thus each Op'-_-.t- crater, and the chosen subsidiary craters are _ettered according to their closest azimuths. In a few cases where two or more significant craters lay along similar azimuths, some compromises were necessary. Future improved cartography may reveal a few cases where an adjacent letter might have been preferable to the one chosen. This lettering scheme has been adopted _n toto for the new 1:5 million scale maps of the lunar farside produced for NASA by USGS. (c) Spelling and typography The first column of each block gives the name or designation of each crater. As computers do not give lower-case letters or diacritical marks, some names require further information on the correct form to use in texts or on maps. A separate list is given on the next page for all in- stances where the normal form differs from a capital letter followed only by lower-case letters for each word of a name, whether separated by spaces or hyphens. Normal form Examples: Catalogue form ABENEZRA Abenezra AL-BAKRI AI-Bakri DE FOREST De Forest but... DE GASPARIS de Gasparis DE LA RUE de la Rue VON DER PAHLEN vonder Pahlen Following IAU guidelines, diacritical marks have been retained except where they are non-standard, in which case they been efther changed or dropped. Thus Romer becomes R_mer, and Sktodowska becomes Sklodowska. Alphabetization is strictly according to the form of the name used in the listings; thus W. Bond is at the beginning of the W's, not in the B's, and St. John is considered to begin with St., not Saint. Spaces, periods, hyphens and apostrophes are lexicographically equivalent and precede the letter A. Thus ]e Verrier precedes Leakey and O'Day precedes Obruchev. The spelling of the following eight names differs from the IAU versions: Bellingshausen, Ceraski, Engelhardt, Friedmann, Hanskiy, Lenz, LUtke, Sternberg. The IAU versions are as follows: Bellinsgauzen, Tseraskiy, Engel'gardt, Fridman, Ganskiy, Lents, Litke, Shternberg. Table of adopted typographic forms where different from printout Abul W_fa G_rtner Milankovi_ Str_mgren And_l Henry Fr_res M_bius ten Bruggencate AngstrUm K_stner Mohorovi_i6 V_is_l_ Armi_ski Kekul_ M_sting van Albada Be_v_ Kepi6ski MUller Van de Graaff B_rg Kohlsch_tter Ni_pce van den Bergh B_sching Kolh_rster Nbggerath van den Bos Catalan K_nig Null van der Waals Chr_tien la Caille O'Day van Gent Cr_ger la Condamine Pingr_ van Maanen d'Alembert la P_rouse Plant8 van Rhijn d'Arrest Lam_ Poincar_ van't Hoff d'Arsonval Lam_ch Pontecoulant van Wijk da Vinci le Gentil Purkyn_ Vasco da Gama Daubr_e le Monnier R_aumur von Behring de Gasparis le Verrier R_mer yon B_k_sy de la Rue Lemaltre^ RSntgen vonder Pahlen de Moraes Linn_ _afa_k yon K_rm_n de Morgan L_tke Schl_ter yon Neumann de Roy M_dler SchSnfeld von Zeipel de Sitter McAdie Schr_dinger Widmanst_tten de Vico McClure SchrSter W_hler de Vries McDonald Sierpi_ski Wr6blewski Dun_r McKellar SDmmering Z_hringer E_tv_s McLaughlin Sparer Z_llner F_nyi McMath Stifler Feuill_e McNally St_rmer (d) Positions The coordinates in the second and third columns are intended for location purposes only, and should not be used as exact positions. This is particularly the case for limb and farside craters, where existing maps and catalogues may differ by a degree or more anyway. Longitudes are given in the traditional IAU-approved system of 0-180°E and W. Other schemes using 0-36_, in either direction, are not approved and should not be used. (e) Diameters Column 4 gives the mean diameter of the crater in km. For elongated craters, the largest dimension is given. The values given are for identification purposes only and as with the coordinates, values for some farside craters may differ somewhat from those estimated from maps. (f) Miscellaneous Note that the name Apollo appears in the listings, even though this feature is a multi-ring basin with a central mare rather than a crater or a mare-free basin. (2) NON-CRATER FEATURES The listings are divided into the IAU-approved generic categories, alphabetically arranged. They are complete except for a few minor features that have first-name designations (e.g. Rima Carmen) on the NASA Lunar Topophotomap series of large-scale charts, and for features specially named to aid operations on the Apollo missions (e.g. Bear Mountain), all of which appear in Group 3. The generic categories, with their meanings, are as follows: Catena...crater chain Oceanus...... ocean Dorsa .... network or group Palus ...... marsh of ridges Promontorium...cape Dorsum...mare ridge Rima ...... rille Lacus .... lake Rimae ...... network or group Ma re.....sea of rilles Mons ..... mountain Rupes ...... scarp Montes...mountain range or Sinus ...... bay group of peaks Vallis ...... valley In the case of dorsa, dorsum, lacus, mare, oceanus, palus, promontorium and sinus, all names are individual, i.e. they are not taken from nearby named craters or other features. For mons and montes, all names are individual except for Gruithuisen Gamma, Gruithuisen Delta and Hadley Delta, where the original Greek letter designations (spelled out in full) have been retained, and for Mons Hansteen, Mons Herodotus, Mons Maraldi, Mons Vitruvius, Montes Archimedes and Montes Secchi, which are recent changes and additions. For catena, rima and rimae, the names are taken from the nearest most appropriate named feature. Note, however, that Rima Schr_ter is not the sinuous rille in Va]lis Schr_teri, as on some maps. For rupes and vallis, the names are again taken from local named features except for Rupes Altai, Rupes Recta, Vallis Bouvard and Vallis Schr_teri. In the case of these last five categories, where features take the names of local craters or other formations, the distinc- tion between what is and what is not approved is clearly less important. The main point of possible issue is in the choice of the local named feature. For the categories rima and rimae, all previously IAU-approved designations are listed except for a few that are clearly inappropriate. Also omitted are a few names (e.g. Rima Delisle) that are included on LTO charts, but which are not official since they have not been checked for unambiguous choice of name. Coordinates give the approximate centers of the various formations, while the dimensions apply to their greatest lengths. 10 (3) MINOR AND MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES (a) craters Small craters with first-name designations appear only on NASA Lunar Topophotomap charts; the specific map on which each appears is given in the list, and should be quoted when using the name. (b) non-crater features The names listed here also appear only on the above maps, and again the specific map should be referred to when using the name. (c) features named to facilitate Apollo mission operations These appear only on very large-scale maps and photo- graphs of the landing sites. Explanations of the names may be found in Transactions of the IAU, XVIB, 363-369, 1976. 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Z * . , . o . . . o o • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • . • . o • . • • • • o • . . . • o • . . • • • • • UI :Z: [.r} UI Z: UI Z oI Z U_ Z Z U_ (_ UI Z Z rJ1 U3 U) 01 UI ZZ'_'ZZ b"I (,r) _ UI Z Z UI Z Z '_:Z Z UI U)_b_ Z UI_ Z Z _ L_ • • . _ • • • . • • . o . . • . o • o • . • . • • _ • . . • • o . • o o . • . • • • . . . • • • . . Z _ _ZZZZZZZZZ ZZ_Z_ZZZZZ _ZZZZ_ZZZ O0 145 W L_ 3 UJ LU "_ _J Lg L_ Ld _J W _ bd i_ Ld L_ LU bJ W 3_ Lg bJ bJ Ld Ld :3 bJ 3 Ld id -t 3 L_ "_ L_ _J "_ :i¢LU "a bj Uj -_ 3 _j b_ -a uj --_ Z ° • ° ° ° o - o ° ° ° ° o * * • • ° ° o * ° ° ° ° = • ° ° * ..... ° . . o ° ° ° ° o ° ° ° ° ° ° ZZ_.OZZZZZZ_ Z 0303 Z Z 03 O0 Z 03 Z 03 Z 03 Z b3 Z Z t.O b3 Z O_ZZZZO3ZO3ZZ Z 03Z 7ZZO303ZZ • ° • . . . . . • o • • • . . . . o . o * ° . ° . • • • ...... o o • ° . . . . • ° . . o • . Z --ooo--.- ...... -. ..o.....o. ,.,...,... ÷o...... ...... __ _--__ ...... _3 .... : ...... "_'_ :;_o-_ °°o°.°°°.° ..°o°°_°°° _°°° Z_ZZZ_Z _Z_ZZZZZ_ _ZZZ_Z_Z _ZZZ_ZZ_Z _ZZ_ZZ_ • o . _. Z _ _ _ Z 146 Z oooo.ooo., oo.o_ooooo oooo**ooo- *ooo-ooooo oo-oo-o-oo Z UJ I.¢,1_1" "_ "_ !._J3 LU LIJ W L_Jb.I _ L,t.I L,U I_J LU3 W_W _;_ _:_o_ _ _0= o o ...... Z o * • • • * • • * o o * • ZZr_ZU) ZZZU1Z LI3EgZ_ZZZZZZ (.0 Z 03 b3 U'J 03 Z Z Z Z ZZU3ZEIU}ZZZ Z U3 03 Z Z _ U3 {-q _-J3r..13Z • . . . • . . . . . • . . • . • • . • • . • . • . • . • • • . o • . o ...... • • • • . . . o • z _. . . o . • . . . . • • . • • ...... • . . • . . . . . • • • • ...... • . • • o • o • . • . • . . . • • • o . o . • . • . . • • • . o • • o • . • o . . . o • • =--o . 147 WWW3WWWW33 W333W Z °*°.°°°°°° °ooo° ZZZ_ZZ_ZZ _Z_ NNNNNNNNNN NNNNN Z *..o**--.. o*ooo _3_3333 3_333 Z o$ooo.o°.o ooo°o _ o°oooo.°o° °o°°o Z 148 (e) Named craters only -- nearside | oo**o*o$** oooooo..oo oo.o.°o... ..o_o.oooo ooo.oo.oo° . • oo_ o .. oo oo • ZZ_ZZZ_Z Z_Z_ZZ_ZZ Z_ZZ_ ZZ_ZZZZZ_Z _Z_Z_ o.oooooo*o o_o_oo_..o o.$_.°.oo. _.ooooooo. oo°o.°ooo. 151 _3_W3WWWW _WW_W **o*°*o°o_ _°.o_***o .°°°°_°°°. °.oooo.o.° oo°°o.°o.° °*****°.°o o_.°.o_oo_ **°oo.o° .... o°°.°_o° .**°o.o.o° Z *o.oo...... oo..o...o o..o..o.o. ....oo..oo .o._.oo.oo oo.o°.o_oo ..°°o°**** °***.°°ooo .o.o°o.o.° eo.°o_°°oo 152 ®__ _oo_=_ ...... -oo.o*-ooo o.oo.ooo** oo.ooo.... .°.o.._.oo o.**.ooo.. Z oo*o**o*oo *o**o**o** *o_*o$$**o **o**.*oo* "*°°°°*°°° _Z 153 °o°°o.oo_° °.°o.o°o.o °oo o° .oo.oo°oo° oooo_ooooo °_..ooo..° °o o ooo,oo,.,o °ooo,o_o. _,,.._.oo °..oo.ooo. ooo.ooo.o. oooooooooo oo.o.o...... oo...oo oo.o.o.... .o.o..o.o. 154 *°oooo*ooo oooooo**°o o._°.o.ooo _.oooo.$o_ ooooo..ooo oooooooo.o o...°ooo.o oo._oo_oo °°o._oo°oo o**_o_°.oo _Z_ZZ_Z _Z_Z_ZZ ZZZ_Z_ZZ _Z_Z_Z_ ZZ_Z_ZZ_ ooo°oo°o°o ooo°oo_ooo oo_°ooo.°o ooo.$°°oo_ .oooo._._o 155 W33W_W_WW_ 3_33 Z **°,°*°°°° °*°° _Z _ _X_NNNN NNNN _3_3_3_ 33_333 Z °*°°*°°°_° °*°°_* ....o****. °°.°°_ Z Z_ _ _ Z °°°°o°°°°° °°o°_* °..-.....* ...... _Z Z 156 (f) Named craters only -- farside | °°oo.oo*** oo.oo. °o. :r ir_r_ ° ° . ° . • • • ° ° • . • • ° • . . • . . o . ° ° • . ° ° ° • o . • ° ° ° ° ° ° . o ° . ° . . ° ° ° u_u_u_zu_z zzm_zz_ zzzzmm • . • . ° . • ° • . o • ° • • ° ° • ° ° o ° . . o o • o ° ° • . • ° . ° . ° ° ° ° . ° • o • ° • . ° Z *o°°o°°oo* *°o*°oo°** °°°**°*°*° °°°°°°_°°° °°°*°°*°°° _Z_ZZ_Z_ _Z_Z_Z ZZZ_Z_ Z_Z_ZZZ_ Z_Z_Z_ZZ Z W 159 3WWW3_3_3W 3W_W_W_3 _3_3_W_ W_333_33_ 3WW3W_33 Z °°*_°°*o* °°°°°*°*°° °°'°°°°*°° °°°°_°°°$° °*_°°°°_° °°°°o_°°° °_oo_o_° °°ooo°_°_ °_oo°°o°_o °°_°o_°°o° Z o°°.o°°°o° °o°ooo-*°° °-o°o°o°°° °o°°_-o°°* *$°°°°*°o° Z_ZZ_ZZ_ _Z_ZZZZ_ZZ _ZZ_ZZZZ_Z _Z_ZZ_ ZZZ_ZZ_ 0__0_ __ _0__ __0_ __0_ o°.-o....o oo_.o,..o. .,oo..o°.. o.,oo...°. .°°..,oo.. • **oo_**o. °.....o**o °.o°.°o,.° .o_°°..°.. °°**.o.o.. 160 WW33_33WWW W_3W_3W33 W_33_W _3_33 3_W3W_3 Z °**°*o°o°° °oo**o°o** *o_*°*°o*° o*_**o*oo* ***°*o*ooo Z_ZZ__ _ZZ_ZZZZ_ _Z_Z_ _ZZZ_Z_ Z_ZZZZZZ_ oo*oo*-°-- .oo...... o o....o.... .o..oo...o .°°o°.o.°. O _W3_33_33_ _3W3W333_ _3W33_W_ W33W_3W33W _3333_3_3 Z °.o°°***_o .ooooo_oo° °_o***.o.o _o°°.°ooo° _°°°**°.o° °°.o°.oo.o °oo.°**°o° °o_.ooo. .o°.°°.°°. oo°°.o°°°o 161 Z ° • • _ • o o o • o o * • • • • • o * * * * o * ° * * ° ° ° ° o * * • ° * • _ ° • * • ° ° • o • ° Z U3 U30_ Z tO 0"_ :W Z r.n Z Z _ Z Z U'J r._z _" _ U3 _.;_ U_ Z Z U) Z t_ rJ_ Z _ZZZZU3U_U) ZZ ZZb3_Z_ZZ_ • * ° . * ° ° ° ° . . ° * ° o ° . * ° * ° * . o o + ° o * ° ° . . ° ° ° ° * ° * o * . * . . . ° . O_ *****o**o...... °°. .°....oo** .o.***.o.. ..°_.°..°. _ZZZZ_ZZ _ZZZZ_ Z_ZZ _Z_ .... _ _'_ _ _ ...... _=o=_ _ ...... _ ...... • .o..*o.o. .o°...... ,°oo _.°...... o...,.. °****°°o°° oo°°***°.° °..°.°°.°...... °°o° °o°°oo .... 162 (g) Replacement names (post-1972) for craters previously having letter designations E_XZ_ II IJ l{ IJ ii li I_ II II [I I1 II II II II II it [I If It II n II II II II ii II II u II II II li I1 II II # u II II II II li II n Ii ii ii II It II ii ii [i i[ HH LL {.3 '_ u .'_ Ld_ Z _: _C _-_ _-_ r? _', O _ UJ _ 0E Z _m 0_ L4J Z {:3 _ I-- rh Z _'_ Z 14J O V" _n_ Z6_ _ _m Z {3 "_ >" _ _--UZ "_c bJ >" ___T _--<_ {J 3: t-- 0_ Ld Z LD _ :IEZ "_ bJ 01 bJ _ 0 LD Z 0 _>--,IZ_ _-- W_ _WJ _' "" _ C3 _ _-- LIJ_: Z _--i_ m n_ n_ Z _ _- 0- bJ OO.JZ_ _U_ tn >. _ = .j ..J _ _J-h .j.j .J o10_J______ I_ II R I[ it II H II II II II II II II II ii II II II I} I_ II II II II II II II II tl II II II II fl 11 It II II II II II il II n Ii II II II II II II It II II II #- {J Z .91 hi I,_ :lE L,_ I-" _ 'q: "f Z U1 Z 0_0"_ E _=Z_" L61 _: _ Z .J _Z: )- i_ _adM Z f'- _._I0_ "f" .J I,I EI_> _ H _.- "I" [.0 z 14.1J JH J _ 14J(J 01 E,JZE Z >-_i_ r_ _ Z Z "_ _£ Z Z O U tJ _ _ O L_J_T_ n_ I-- :IE _. Z: t0 Z _ "r _ _ :I: :3 _ _._ {J _ 6d ..I U) 31 _ :Z Z Z n_ _:_ Z --I I- _'_ JZZ "rz o ZZ_ZZ_Z_ Z_E_Z ZE OZZ_ H_ _ _ Z_ _ _M _ _Z_ I_ II II II I1 II II II II II II tl II II II ii II II II II II II n II II II H II n u II li n _ _ _ _ II I! fl # II I! II II |1 II _ II II It II II II tl II 165 Group 2 -- NON-CRATER FEATURES I O0 O0 0000000 _ _0 _ooo_ C:'0", --.__' Ot_ ._0 _ C_0% 0C, _'c.,", O000_ Ou-_Ou-_Ol'_ r,-. c.,i ,'-_ oo u-_ r,_ -.1- N_N_NSmg_ _ zzzz_zzz_ ZZ Z Z Z _ZZ Z_._ I%1 I'M _ .... _ c ,- o _ _ _C_ ...... _.-- _.-- >_0 _.-- _'-- 0 _.--_ E'- D _ .... _.- c.- _0"- ooo;_ ,-,;°o2o gogoo;_ooo O_ _ 0 O _0 O.-- _ U 0 _ L_.-- 0 • °°°.*..°° °.*°.°.° t_ oooooo,=ooo ooooe,'_O0 _00000000__NO_ oo_oo_ ,-..g oo_ N- Z_ZZ_ZZ_Z Z_ 0 '_ .. -_> -_>_-_,.__ _E > 0_.-- Q; Q; 0 >-C >--- _ "0"0_-,.- _.-= E ° _ ...... = _ _ _.,=_- _ _g 169 _l °°°°o°°o°°o°°_o _o ooo_ OOOo oo o o0o oooo_ooo z zzzz z _ zz ZZZZZZ_Z_ g_ 0 0 E E _.-;-__ L .- tO • ,-_ _, _1 EEEEEEEEE L_ .- 0 000000000 _,_ m m m m m m _ _ _ o Ooooooo00 _1 EE E E E E E E _ 0 m o| OOOOOOOOO 0-oggggggg ggggggNg _gg "I _o0o°°°°°°°o°o°°_ o_°°°_°°°°°_o_o_ oo oo_ooo_o__ o_oo_o___ -. _ zz Z Z 7 Z Z ZZ Z_Z Z _;_ Z _/_ _0 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z • -- _ _ _ _E _EE _ ...... _ _ EE ___=_ _ __o . _ _-__,_ _.______- _.___.;._=g_ _ g _°...._ "-o oooo ...... o_o_ o. "ll "ll 1 70 _J oooooo ooooo 00000 0 0000000000 0 _I _ _ _ _ _1 ",t ,--,4 4_ 0 k, _,-- k. -,-_ _ •- _D .- f" o_.- =_==_ ..... _ _ _® ..- ,_:o-o - - - _ _-r_ _ E 0______o __= _= _n _= _ u__ _= _= _= = u_= ...... -Ic -ic. *II ,k _1 ooooooo o ij Zl.n .... Z Z Ul t,O _,_ Z Z Z (,0 _n Ul V1Z Z 1 71 Group 3 -- MINOR and MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES (a+b) Craters and other features named on NASA Lunar Topophotomaps I >- I_:_ LEO- _-<1: N _. LL L N E _J _ _ E P O- _J _ LJJ v" CL II It I1" It tl II to .- °0J *- tO tO u,. E _- t0 co E E _- ::1 U_ J:: E: U_ _ O > 0J o _o O o o o_ _s_ "_ _ - N "_ -K" _0 E tO q) ...... _ .... oJ ,-- 0 e0 t:_ (j to ¢) c 0 ro .... _1,-- E ,_ O.- :>-- "1¢ -I,' 4: "_: 0 .___o7O _ - .-o ...... 0 O 0 _ .... 0 0 0 O (,,3 175 (c) Features named to facilitate Apollo mission operations | _u ul > C 0 0 -- 0 _ __ C C C _ _ u_ _.-- "*_) / 0 _1 "-- C -- 0 > I _0 • • O0 _0 _ _ c _ cn c_ cn _ 0 0 _u _ _,. _ c_.- _- ___o_ _ <._._=o- I- c IU U 0 "(3 _n m TJ _Z _- 0 il_o -_°. il 179 (d) Miscellaneous features ! NAME LA__T LON.___G (i) Planitia Descensus 7 N 64 W (2) Statio Tranquillitatis I N 23 E (3) Reiner Gamma 7 N 59 W (i) refers to the landing site of Luna 9 (2) refers to the landing site of Apollo 11 (3) refers to the unique, bright surface marking at the specified location. The Greek letter designation was taken from a nearby mare ridge, now anonymous 183 3, Recipient'$ C-,atalo9 No. -i, RepOrt N_. I 2. Governmcn_ Accession No. NASA RP- 1097 t / J -- 5, Report Date 4. TiUe and Sub,itl_ October 1982 NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature 6. Perdormin 90rganizahon Code 8. PerformingOrgan_zation Re;>ort No 7. Author{s) Left E. Andersson and Ewen A. Whitaker ,0. Work'bL,'_o. 9. Performing Organizat.on Name and Add-_s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory 11. Contract or Grant r_o. University of Arizona I NGL 03-002-]93 Tucson, Arizona 8572] 13. Type of ReDert ar.d Period Co.e, ed 12, Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Reference Publication National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546 15. Supplementary Notes' 1_ Abstract Newcomers to lunar studies who need to make use of lunar nomencIature often express dismay at the apparently haphazard and iilogicaI disposition of names and letters on lunar maps, and especially at the apparent lack of standardization between the numerous maps, catalogues and other publications. Changes, alterations, errors and inconsistencies should be corrected, and additions have to be made as studies of the lunar surface become more extensive and detailed. Lunar nomenclature is a method of communication - whereby important surface features can be visualized immediately upon seeing their names, and lesser features can be referred to without the need to resort to lengthy descriptions of their relative or absolute locations. One result stemming from the activities of the mid-1970's was a difference of opinion between the IAU and NASA over what constitutes "approved" nomenclature. This Catalogue presents the complete NASA used lunar nomenclature as of mid-1981. It differs from the IAU_-approved version in that it includes letter designations for subsidiary craters, and uses a more familiar spelling for eight names. The US Government (USAF, AMS, USGS and NASA) had funded virtually all lunar mapping in the US from 1959 onwards, and the letters had been included in most of these extensively used maps. Many of the letters had been in use for up to 140 years, and were firmly entrenched in a large body of literature. The listed features have been divided into three main groups for cataloguing purposes, namely (I) Craters; (2) Non-crater features; and (3) Minor and miscellaneous features. This Catalogue may therefore be used with full confidence by researchers, cartographers etc. Its listings supersede all earlier catalo_qes and maps. 17. Key Words (Sugg_ted by Authoris}) 1'8, Oistribu_,ion Statement Lunar Nomenclature, Lunar Craters Lunar Features Subject category 91 Unclassified - Unlimited :h,s 19. Security Class,f. Iof reportl I 20 Security C_assif (of th.s I_)e! UNC LAS S IF IED j UNCLASSIFIED I 21. No.] 84of Pages t 22. A09Price" I For sale by the National Technical Information Service. Springfield, Virginia 22161 NASA-Lanql ey, 1982