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The Blackdown Hills Aonb and East Devon River Catchments National Mapping Programme Survey Historic England Project Number 7209

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The Blackdown Hills Aonb and East Devon River Catchments National Mapping Programme Survey Historic England Project Number 7209 THE BLACKDOWN HILLS AONB AND EAST DEVON RIVER CATCHMENTS NATIONAL MAPPING PROGRAMME SURVEY HISTORIC ENGLAND PROJECT NUMBER 7209 PHASE 1 INTERIM REPORT ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Prepared by: Cain Hegarty, Stephanie Knight and Richard Sims Document No: ACD1228/2/1 Date: April 2017 AC archaeology The Blackdown Hills AONB and East Devon River Catchments National Mapping Programme Survey Historic England Project No. 7209 Phase 1 Interim Report Prepared by Cain Hegarty, Stephanie Knight and Richard Sims Document Control Grid The Blackdown Hills AONB and East Devon River Catchments Title: National Mapping Programme Phase 1 Interim Report Project Number: 7209 Author(s): Cain Hegarty, Stephanie Knight and Richard Sims Origination Date: February 2017 Reviser(s): Date of last revision: Version: 1.0 Status: Draft Summary of Changes: Circulation: PAO Required Action: File Name/Location: P:\Culture\Archaeology\GEN\National Mapping Programme\Blackdown Hills AONB\5. Reports\Interim report Approval: Blackdown Hills AONB and East Devon River Catchments NMP Survey: Phase 1 Doc.ACD1228/2/1 ii The Blackdown Hills AONB and East Devon River Catchments National Mapping Programme Survey A National Mapping Programme Report Contents Summary, Background & Methodology .......................................................... 7 1.1 Summary ............................................................................................... 7 1.2 Background to the Project ...................................................................... 7 1.3 NMP Methodology ................................................................................. 8 Progress and Constraints on the Survey ..................................................... 10 2.1 Progress .............................................................................................. 10 2.2 Constraints on the Survey .................................................................... 10 Overview of the Survey Results ................................................................... 10 3.1 Interim Analysis/Interpretation of Results ............................................. 10 3.2 Emerging Themes ............................................................................... 11 Illustrated Selected Highlights ..................................................................... 15 4.1 Summary ............................................................................................. 15 4.2 Industrial .............................................................................................. 15 4.3 Agriculture ........................................................................................... 26 4.4 Military Defence and Fortification ......................................................... 33 4.5 Settlement ........................................................................................... 38 4.6 Religious, Ritual and Funerary ............................................................. 42 Heritage Protection; Interim Statement ........................................................ 46 Interim Conclusions ..................................................................................... 46 Bibliography and Sources Consulted ........................................................... 47 APPENDIX A: Sites Suggested for Heritage Protection Consideration ............... 49 APPENDIX B: Sites Suggested for Further Work ............................................... 51 Blackdown Hills AONB and East Devon River Catchments NMP Survey: Phase 1 Doc.ACD1228/2/1 iii Figures Figure 1: The Blackdown Hills AONB and East Devon River Catchments Phase 1 survey area. .................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2: Survey area in relation to previous National Mapping Programme Surveys. ...... 9 Figure 3: Demonstrating the subtlety of extractive pit earthworks visible on lidar data. ... 21 Figure 4: All extractive pits and associated industrial sites recorded on the DCC HER in the Phase 1 Survey Area. ................................................................................................ 22 Figure 5: An extractive pit west of Dalwood Village .......................................................... 24 Figure 6: An extractive pit west of Rose Farm, Stockland parish ..................................... 24 Figure 7: Former extractive pits north of Wilmington, Widworthy parish .......................... 25 Figure 8: Distribution map of orchard banks recorded as earthworks .............................. 27 Figure 9: Tree planting banks of a Devonian orchard overlying a former extractive pit, east of Shore Bottom, Stockland parish. .......................................................................... 29 Figure 10: Woodland within pits north of Little Snodwell Farm, Stockwell parish. ........... 30 Figure 11: Coppice and orchards within pits at Broadleaze Copse, Payhembury Parish 30 Figure 12: Orchard and plantation established in former pits. .......................................... 31 Figure 13: ‘Weeks’s Pit’ listed as a Plantation on the Tithe Apportionment for Broadhembury. ................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 14: An orchard on the Tithe map for Awliscombe and an orchard and ponds on the OS First Edition map, established in a pit visible on lidar derived images. ................ 32 Figure 15: Variable depiction of pits on historic maps, to the north-east of Combehayes Farm, Awliscombe parish.................................................................................................. 32 Figure 16: Distribution and broad date of all military or defensive monuments recorded or amended by Phase 1 of the survey .................................................................................. 33 Figure 17: Taunton Stop Line pillbox and railway line obstructions of Second World War date, Axminster ................................................................................................................. 34 Figure 18: A possible small fort or camp of Roman date .................................................. 36 Figure 19: The distribution of Roman monuments within the Phase 1 survey area ......... 37 Figure 20: The distribution of deserted or shrunken settlements in Phase 1. .................. 39 Figure 21: Rectilinear enclosures south of Bowerhayes Farm, Dunkeswell, possible site of a Grange of Dunkeswell Abbey. ................................................................................... 40 Figure 22: Earthwork platforms or terraces immediately south of Dunkeswell Abbey. .... 41 Figure 23: Distribution plot of monuments identified by the survey and interpreted as being of religious, ritual or funerary character. ................................................................. 42 Figure 24: Distribution plot of monuments interpreted as being of religious, ritual or funerary character, ............................................................................................................ 43 Figure 25: The plan of the east range of monastic buildings at Dunkeswell Abbey revealed by cropmarks...................................................................................................... 43 Figure 26: Cropmarks of a possible levelled long barrow or mortuary enclosure of Neolithic date near Luton village, Broadhembury ............................................................. 44 Figure 27: A curvilinear ditch within the circuit of the causewayed enclosure at Hembury Hillfort ................................................................................................................................ 45 Blackdown Hills AONB and East Devon River Catchments NMP Survey: Phase 1 Doc.ACD1228/2/1 iv Charts Chart 1: Monuments categorised by top term. A number of duplicate records will have been automatically generated during export from the HER, where a monument has more than one possible top term. The unassigned category comprises mainly non- archaeological features. .................................................................................................... 11 Chart 2: Monuments by period; the ‘from’ date has been used, so later periods may be under-represented, for instance an enclosure dated from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age will be categorised here as Bronze Age. Figures rounded to the nearest full number. .... 13 Chart 2: The proportion of named extractive pits recorded on the DCC HER within the Phase 1 survey area. ........................................................................................................ 17 Chart 4: The proportion of previously unrecorded extractive pits identified by the Phase 1 survey compared to functionally identified pits. ................................................................ 20 Chart 5: Types and proportions of Second World War features recorded and amended by Phase 1 of the survey. ...................................................................................................... 35 Tables Table 1: Most frequently recorded monument types and evidence. ‘Other’ combines the remainder of the monument types recorded during the project (numbering 316). ........... 12 Table 2: Broad categories of evidence type recorded. Evidence types not used during the survey, but already attached to pre-existing records amended by the survey, are combined
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