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Université Bordeaux Montaigne Université Bordeaux Montaigne Montaigne Doctoral School of Humanities (ED 480) MICA Research Lab (EA 4426) DOCTORAL THESIS IN “INFORMATION COMMUNICATION SCIENCES” How International News is Constructed- The Case of the Arab Spring Publicly presented and defended on 29 March 2019 by Sawsan Atallah Bidart Supervised by Noble Akam Jury Members Noble Akam, Professor, Université Bordeaux Montaigne Pierre Feuilly, Expert Journalist, Agénce France-Presse Michail Meimaris, Professor, University of Athens Habib Rammal, Professor, Université Libanaise Lise Vieira, Professor, Université Bordeaux Montaigne 2 Table of Contents I. Appendix Instructions ....................................................................................................... 5 II. Interviews .......................................................................................................................... 7 I. Interview Transcription 1- Agence France-Presse Bureau Chief ........................................ 8 II. Interview Transcription 2- Agence France-Presse Correspondent ................................... 19 III. Interview Transcription 3- Al Jazeera English ................................................................ 29 i. Email Communication questions with Al Jazeera Correspondent- Interviewee 4 .............................. 37 ii. Email Communication questions with Al Jazeera English Head of News Gathering – Interviewee 5 40 IV. Interview Transcription 6- Citizenside/Crowdspark ....................................................... 44 V. Interview Transcription 7- Euronews .................................................................................. 50 VI. Interview Transcription 8- France 24 Freelance Correspondent ................................... 57 VII. Interview Transcription 9- France 24 Permanent International Correspondent ......... 79 III. News Corpus ................................................................................................................ 87 I. Al Jazeera English.................................................................................................................. 89 i. Bahrain Al Jazeera Transcriptions ...................................................................................................... 89 ii. Egypt Morsi grants himself unlimited powers .................................................................................... 93 iii. Egypt Tahrir Sq seized .................................................................................................................. 108 iv. Libya Gaddafi killed ..................................................................................................................... 112 v. Libya Tripoli bombed by NATO and coalition ................................................................................. 120 vi. Saudi Arabia Women granted right to vote .................................................................................. 129 vii. Syria Assad Makes first speech to Syria and the World ............................................................... 131 viii. Syria Cabinet resigns .................................................................................................................... 135 ix. Syria Ghoutta Sarin Attack ........................................................................................................... 136 x. Syria UN declares civil war .............................................................................................................. 147 xi. Tunisia Mohamed Bouazizi .......................................................................................................... 148 xii. Tunisia President Ben Ali flees ..................................................................................................... 151 xiii. Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh leaves ................................................................................ 153 II. Euronews .............................................................................................................................. 157 i. Bahrain Saudi Troops enter Bahrain ................................................................................................. 157 ii. Egypt Morsi grants himself unlimited powers .................................................................................. 159 iii. Egypt Tahrir Sq seized by the people ........................................................................................... 178 iv. Libya Gaddafi killed ..................................................................................................................... 183 v. Libya Tripoli bombed ....................................................................................................................... 185 vi. Saudi Arabia women granted right to vote ................................................................................... 192 vii. Syria Assad Makes first speech .................................................................................................... 194 viii. Syria Ghoutta Sarin Attack ........................................................................................................... 196 ix. Syrian Cabinet Resigns ................................................................................................................. 200 x. Tunisia President Ben Ali flees ......................................................................................................... 202 xi. Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh leaves ................................................................................ 204 III. France 24 ............................................................................................................................ 209 i. Bahrain Saudi Troops enter Bahrain ................................................................................................. 209 ii. Egypt Morsi grants himself unlimited powers .................................................................................. 213 iii. Egypt Tahrir Sq seized by the people ........................................................................................... 230 iv. Libya Gaddafi killed ..................................................................................................................... 236 v. Libya Tripoli bombed ....................................................................................................................... 237 vi. Saudi Arabia women granted right to vote ................................................................................... 240 vii. Syria Assad Makes first speech .................................................................................................... 241 viii. Syria Ghoutta Sarin Attack ........................................................................................................... 241 ix. Syria UN declares Civil War ........................................................................................................ 244 3 x. Syrian Cabinet Resigns ..................................................................................................................... 246 xi. Tunisia Mohamed Bouazizi .......................................................................................................... 249 xii. Tunisia President Ben Ali flees ..................................................................................................... 252 xiii. Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh leaves ................................................................................ 253 IV. Press TV ............................................................................................................................. 257 i. Bahrain Saudi Troops enter Bahrain ................................................................................................. 257 ii. Egypt Morsi grants himself unlimited powers .................................................................................. 270 iii. Egypt Tahrir Sq seized by the people ........................................................................................... 284 iv. Libya Gaddafi killed ..................................................................................................................... 285 v. Libya Tripoli bombed ....................................................................................................................... 286 vi. Syria Ghoutta Sarin Attack ........................................................................................................... 294 vii. Syrian Cabinet Resigns ................................................................................................................. 298 viii. Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh leaves ................................................................................ 299 4 I. Appendix Instructions This appendix includes transcriptions to interviews and news videos used in the analysis of the PhD thesis entitled “How International News is Constructed- The Case of the Arab Spring”, by Sawsan Atallah Bidart from the University of Bordeaux Montaigne. The video transcriptions included in this document are only abbreviated versions of the transcriptions made and used. For access to the news videos as used by the researcher, one will have to access the digital appendix, made accessible on: https://tinyurl.com/yda7ecds and also submitted on a USB key to the doctoral school of the University of Bordeaux Montaigne and all members of the jury. This appendix has been
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