Geología Estructural Y Tectónica
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Field Trip Log Gulf of California Rift System: Laguna Salda-Valles Chico-San Feli- Pe, Baja California, México
Geos, Vol. 28, No. 1, Septiembre, 2008 FIELD TRIP LOG GULF OF CALIFORNIA RIFT SYSTEM: LAGUNA SALDA-VALLES CHICO-SAN FELI- PE, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO Francisco Suárez-Vidal Departamento de Geologia División de Ciencias de la Tierra CICESE Oblique rifts, in which rift margins are oblique to the direction of continental separation, are reasonably common in mo- dern record, e.g. the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, the Tanganyika-Malawi-Rukwa rifts and the Gulf of California (McKenzie et al., 1970; Rosendhal et al., 1992; Stoke and Hodges, 1989; Manighetti et al., 1998; Nagy and Stock, 2000; Persaud, P., 2003; Persaud, et al., 2003). Although, how the oblique rift evolves is not well known. Oblique rifting remain poorly understand relative to those orthogonal rifts, where the rift margins are approximately perpendicular to the extension direction, and to strike-slip system (Axen and Fletcher, 1998). The Gulf of California is perhaps the best modern example of oblique continental rifting where we can study the pro- cesses of such rifting as they lead to the interplate transfer of a continental fragment. This area presents unique op- portunities for understanding key processes at transtensional plate margins, which is important for energy and mineral exploration, as well as for interpretation of tectonics ancient continental margins (Umhoefer and Dorsey, 1997). One of the main features along the length of the gulf is the fault system which connects active basins (incipient spreading centers) from south to north (Fig 1). Two main structural regions are defined. From the mouth of the gulf to the latitude of the Tiburon and Angel de La Guardia Islands several basins bathymetrically are well expressed, among them; the Pescaderos, Farallon, Carmen, Guaymas, San Pedro Martir and Salsipudes Basins. -
Bathymetry and Active Geological Structures in the Upper Gulf of California Luis G
BOLETÍN DE LA SOCIEDAD GEOLÓ G ICA MEXICANA VOLU M EN 61, NÚ M . 1, 2009 P. 129-141 Bathymetry and active geological structures in the Upper Gulf of California Luis G. Alvarez1*, Francisco Suárez-Vidal2, Ramón Mendoza-Borunda2, Mario González-Escobar3 1 Departamento de Oceanografía Física, División de Oceanología. 2 Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias de la Tierra. 3 Departamento de Geofísica Aplicada, División de Ciencias de la Tierra. Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B.C. Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México, 22860. * Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Bathymetric surveys made between 1994 and 1998 in the Upper Gulf of California revealed that the bottom relief is dominated by narrow, up to 50 km long, tidal ridges and intervening troughs. These sedimentary linear features are oriented NW-SE, and run across the shallow shelf to the edge of Wagner Basin. Shallow tidal ridges near the Colorado River mouth are proposed to be active, while segments in deeper water are considered as either moribund or in burial stage. Superposition of seismic swarm epicenters and a seismic reflection section on bathymetric features indicate that two major ridge-troughs structures may be related to tectonic activity in the region. Off the Sonora coast the alignment and gradient of the isobaths matches the extension of the Cerro Prieto Fault into the Gulf. A similar gradient can be seen over the west margin of the Wagner Basin, where in 1970 a seismic swarm took place (Thatcher and Brune, 1971) overlapping with a prominent ridge-trough structure in the middle of the Upper Gulf. -
Redalyc.Attenuation of Coda Waves in the Central Region of the Gulf Of
Geofísica Internacional ISSN: 0016-7169 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Rodríguez-Lozoya, Héctor E.; Domínguez R., Tonatiuh; Quintanar Robles, Luis; Aguilar Meléndez, Armando; Rodríguez-Leyva, Héctor E.; Plata Rocha, Wenseslao; García Páez, Fernando Attenuation of Coda Waves in the Central Region of the Gulf of California, México Geofísica Internacional, vol. 56, núm. 2, enero-marzo, 2017, pp. 137-145 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=56850598001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative GEOFÍSICA INTERNACIONAL (2017) 56-2: 137-145 ORIGINAL PAPER Attenuation of Coda Waves in the Central Region of the Gulf of California, México Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya, Tonatiuh Domínguez R., Luis Quintanar Robles, Armando Aguilar Meléndez, Héctor E. Rodríguez-Leyva, Wenseslao Plata Rocha and Fernando García Páez Received: January 06, 2016; accepted: October 25, 2016; published on line: April 01, 2017 Resumen frecuencias de 1 a 7 Hz. El valor y la alta QO dependencia de la frecuencia están de acuerdo Se analizan las ondas de coda de eventos con los valores reportados para otras regiones registrados por la red sísmica de NARS que caracterizadas por una alta actividad tectónica. cuenta con instrumentos instalados a lo largo Con base en la distribución de estaciones de ambas márgenes del Golfo de California, respecto a las fuentes, se definieron dos México, para estimar atenuación . -
Nature of the Crust in the Northern Gulf of California and Salton Trough GEOSPHERE, V
Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: Anatomy of Rifting: Tectonics and Magmatism in Continental Rifts, Oceanic Spreading Centers, and Transforms GEOSPHERE Nature of the crust in the northern Gulf of California and Salton Trough GEOSPHERE, v. 15, no. 5 Jolante W. van Wijk1, Samuel P. Heyman1,2, Gary J. Axen1, and Patricia Persaud3 1Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02082.1 2SM Energy, 1775 Sherman Street, Suite 1200, Denver, Colorado 80203, USA 3Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, E235 Howe-Russell-Kniffen, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA 9 figures; 2 tables CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] ■ ABSTRACT elevation 34°N (m) 1 Salton Sea CITATION: van Wijk, J.W., Heyman, S.P., Axen, G.J., 2400 and Persaud, P., 2019, Nature of the crust in the north- In the southern Gulf of California, the generation of new oceanic crust 1600 2 3 800 ern Gulf of California and Salton Trough: Geosphere, has resulted in linear magnetic anomalies and seafloor bathymetry that are Cerro Prieto v. 15, no. 5, p. 1598–1616, https://doi.org/10.1130 32°N 0 characteristic of active seafloor-spreading systems. In the northern Gulf of ˗800 AZ NM /GES02082.1. Mexico California and the onshore (southeastern California, USA) Salton Trough region, ˗1600 Wagner Basin ˗2400 a thick sedimentary package overlies the crystalline crust, masking its nature, 4 Science Editor: Shanaka de Silva 30°N ˗3200 North American plate Guest Associate Editor: Carolina Pagli and linear magnetic anomalies are absent. -
Systematic Heat Flow Measurements Across the Wagner Basin, Northern
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 479 (2017) 340–353 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Systematic heat flow measurements across the Wagner Basin, northern Gulf of California ∗ Florian Neumann a, Raquel Negrete-Aranda b, , Robert N. Harris c, Juan Contreras b, John G. Sclater d, Antonio González-Fernández b a Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, BC, 22864, Mexico b Departamento de Geología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, BC, 22864, Mexico c College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA d Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0220, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: A primary control on the geodynamics of rifting is the thermal regime. To better understand the Received 1 March 2017 geodynamics of rifting in the northern Gulf of California we systematically measured heat-flow across the Received in revised form 13 September Wagner Basin, a tectonically active basin that lies near the southern terminus of the Cerro Prieto fault. 2017 The heat flow profile is 40 km long, has a nominal measurement spacing of ∼1 km, and is collocated Accepted 14 September 2017 with a seismic reflection profile. Heat flow measurements were made with a 6.5-m violin-bow probe. Available online 6 October 2017 Although heat flow data were collected in shallow water, where there are significant temporal variations Editor: R. -
Shear Wave Splitting and Mantle Flow in Mexico: What Have We Learned?
GEOFÍSICA INTERNACIONAL (2017) 56-2: 187-217 ORIGINAL PAPER Shear Wave Splitting and Mantle Flow in Mexico: What Have we Learned? Raúl W. Valenzuela* and Gerardo León Soto Received: November 15, 2016; accepted: December 08, 2016; published on line: April 01, 2017 Resumen con un énfasis en las zonas de subducción. Una justificación importante para el estudio de la El presente artículo es un resumen y análisis anisotropía sísmica es que permite conocer las de los estudios de partición de ondas características del flujo en el manto superior transversales (shear wave splitting) para así como su relación con procesos tectónicos. el manto superior que se han realizado en México tiene muchos y diversos ambientes México durante la última década. Cuando una tectónicos. Algunos de ellos se encuentran onda sísmica entra en un medio anisótropo actualmente activos y otros lo fueron en el se parte (o se separa), esto quiere decir que pasado, pero en cualquier caso han dejado se producen una onda rápida y otra lenta. Se su marca en la forma de anisotropía sísmica. necesitan dos parámetros para cuantificar la Esto ha dado lugar a una gran variedad anisotropía. Dichos parámetros son la dirección de mecanismos para producir el flujo del de polarización rápida y el tiempo de retardo manto. De manera general la presentación entre la onda rápida y la lenta. Se presenta se ha organizado en las siguientes regiones: un ejemplo de la aplicación de la técnica península de Baja California, la región Mexicana empleando la fase SKS ya que la mayoría de Occidental de Cuencas y Sierras, el norte y las observaciones usan datos telesísmicos. -
Geology of the Salton Trough
Geology of the Salton Trough edited by David L. Alles Western Washington University e-mail: [email protected] Last Updated 2011-10-28 Note: In PDF format most of the images in this web paper can be enlarged for greater detail. 1 Introduction Geologists call the area that roughly includes the Coachella and Imperial Valleys of southern California, and the western half of the Mexicali Valley and the Colorado River delta in Mexico, the Salton Trough. This region of southern California and northwestern Mexico is an area of intense geological activity. The Salton Trough is a complex transition zone between the right-lateral motion of the San Andreas transform fault system, and the northwestward progressing spreading ridge complex of the Gulf of California segment of the Eastern Pacific Rise. The East Pacific Rise is a tectonic spreading center between the Pacific and North American plates that has jumped inland from the Pacific coast and captured a portion of the North American plate. This captured sliver of land includes all of central and southern California west of the San Andreas fault, and all of the Baja Peninsula including the northern portion of Baja California east to the delta of the Colorado River. As the East Pacific Rise separated this land mass from the North American plate it formed the Gulf of California. Spreading faster at its southern end, it has formed a long narrow wedge between the mainland of Mexico and the Baja Peninsula. The northern tip of this tectonic wedge ends on dry land at San Gorgonio Pass near Palm Springs, California. -
Grl52721.Pdf
PUBLICATIONS Geophysical Research Letters RESEARCH LETTER Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements reveal 10.1002/2015GL063420 low-velocity zones beneath the new crust Key Points: in the Gulf of California • Low velocities in the Gulf upper mantle are interpreted as partial melting Patricia Persaud1,2, Francesca Di Luccio3, and Robert W. Clayton1 • Partial melting under the Guaymas Basin and off axis of the other 1California Institute of Technology, Seismological Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA, 2Department of Geological Sciences, rift basins 3 fi • Lower crustal flow assisted by heat California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA, Istituto Nazionale di Geo sica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy source in N Gulf near mantle upwelling Abstract Rayleigh wave tomography provides images of the shallow mantle shear wave velocity structure beneath the Gulf of California. Low-velocity zones (LVZs) are found on axis between 26 and 50 km depth Supporting Information: • Text S1 and Figures S1 to S3 beneath the Guaymas Basin but mostly off axis under the other rift basins, with the largest feature underlying the Ballenas Transform Fault. We interpret the broadly distributed LVZs as regions of partial melting in a solid Correspondence to: mantle matrix. The pathway for melt migration and focusing is more complex than an axis-centered source P. Persaud, aligned above a deeper region of mantle melt and likely reflects the magmatic evolution of rift segments. [email protected] We also consider the existence of solid lower continental crust in the Gulf north of the Guaymas Basin, where the association of the LVZs with asthenospheric upwelling suggests lateral flow assisted by a heat source. -
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE of the SALTON TROUGH: CONSTRAINTS from GRAVITY MODELING a Thes
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SALTON TROUGH: CONSTRAINTS FROM GRAVITY MODELING _______________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science University of Houston _______________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science _______________________________________________ By Uchenna Ikediobi August 2013 Crustal structure of the Salton Trough: Constraints from gravity modeling ____________________________________________ Uchenna Ikediobi APPROVED: ____________________________________________ Dr. Jolante van Wijk ____________________________________________ Dr. Dale Bird (Member) ____________________________________________ Dr. Michael Murphy (Member) ____________________________________________ Dr. Guoquan Wang (Member) ____________________________________________ Dean, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to my advisor, Professor Jolante van Wijk, for her input and guidance throughout the duration of this study. I also want to thank my other committee members, Dr. Dale Bird, Dr. Michael Murphy, and Dr. Guoquan Wang for their feedback and very helpful critical comments. I am grateful to the institutions that were generous enough to provide me with necessary data and most of all, to my family for their moral support. iii CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SALTON TROUGH: CONSTRAINTS FROM GRAVITY MODELING _______________________________________________ An Abstract of a Thesis Presented -
Active Deformation and Shallow Structure of the Wagner, Consag, and Delfı´N Basins, Northern Gulf of California, Mexico Patricia Persaud,1 Joann M
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. B7, 2355, doi:10.1029/2002JB001937, 2003 Active deformation and shallow structure of the Wagner, Consag, and Delfı´n Basins, northern Gulf of California, Mexico Patricia Persaud,1 Joann M. Stock,1 Michael S. Steckler,2 Arturo Martı´n-Barajas,3 John B. Diebold,2 Antonio Gonza´lez-Ferna´ndez,3 and Gregory S. Mountain2 Received 20 April 2002; revised 3 October 2002; accepted 25 November 2002; published 31 July 2003. [1] Oblique rifting began synchronously along the length of the Gulf of California at 6 Ma, yet there is no evidence for the existence of oceanic crust or a spreading transform fault system in the northern Gulf. Instead, multichannel seismic data show a broad shallow depression, 70 Â 200 km, marked by active distributed deformation and six 10-km-wide segmented basins lacking well-defined transform faults. We present detailed images of faulting and magmatism based on the high resolution and quality of these data. The northern Gulf crust contains a dense (up to 18 faults in 5 km) complex network of mainly oblique-normal faults, with small offsets, dips of 60–80° and strikes of N-N30°E. Faults with seafloor offsets of tens of meters bound the Lower and two Upper Delfı´n Basins. These subparallel basins developed along splays from a transtensional zone at the NW end of the Ballenas Transform Fault. Twelve volcanic knolls were identified and are associated with the strands or horsetails from this zone. A structural connection between the two Upper Delfı´n Basins is evident in the switching of the center of extension along axis. -
Attenuation of Coda Waves in the Central Region of the Gulf of California, México
GEOFÍSICA INTERNACIONAL (2017) 56-2: 137-145 ORIGINAL PAPER Attenuation of Coda Waves in the Central Region of the Gulf of California, México Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya, Tonatiuh Domínguez R., Luis Quintanar Robles, Armando Aguilar Meléndez, Héctor E. Rodríguez-Leyva, Wenseslao Plata Rocha and Fernando García Páez Received: January 06, 2016; accepted: October 25, 2016; published on line: April 01, 2017 Resumen frecuencias de 1 a 7 Hz. El valor y la alta QO dependencia de la frecuencia están de acuerdo Se analizan las ondas de coda de eventos con los valores reportados para otras regiones registrados por la red sísmica de NARS que caracterizadas por una alta actividad tectónica. cuenta con instrumentos instalados a lo largo Con base en la distribución de estaciones de ambas márgenes del Golfo de California, respecto a las fuentes, se definieron dos México, para estimar atenuación . Se utilizó Qc subregiones (norte y sur). Se calcularon modelo de dispersión simple de Sato (1977) los valores de y se correlacionaron con QC para ventanas tiempo de 20 a 25 segundos la tectónica y morfología de cada zona. comenzando en dos veces el tiempo de viaje Se observa una mayor atenuación en la de la onda S. Se analizaron eventos registrados región sur que puede ser atribuida a que entre 2003 y 2007 ocurridos en la región esa zona esté más fracturada dado que los central del Golfo de California. Las distancias eventos sísmicos mayores ocurren de la fuente-receptor analizadas son entre 40 y 500 zona centro del Golfo de California hacia el km. Suponiendo una relación de dependencia sur. -
15 June 1987
SEMI-ANNUAL STATUS REPORT #1 TO THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CRUSTAL DYNAMICS PROJECT NASA GRANT NAG 5-81 4 "The Interpretation of Crustal Dynamics Data in Terms of Plate Motions and Regional Deformation Near Plate Boundaries" for the period 22 September 1986 - 21 March 1987 Principal Investigator: Prof. Sean C. Solomon Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 021 39 15 June 1987 1mA-cs-iacS:iq TEE ~WEEEEE~EZICI~OF 187-24038 C6USZAL LYNABlCZ LATA I& TE6E2 GI ELATE LC?ICHS BhC bEG1CSAL TEECFtA!ilCh hEAE PLAIE ECUNCARIES Sealannual Etatos 6eFcrt, 22 SeF. Unclas 15E5 - 21 mar. (Eassachssetts Itzt- of 'lech.) C3/U6 0076075 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUM MARY 3 APPENDIX 1: Oceanic Transform Fault Jogs: Relation to Seismicity, 4 Maximum Earthquake Size, and Anomalous Mechanisms APPENDIX 2: Strike-slip Fault Geometry and Earthquake Activity in Turkey 6 APPENDIX 3: Geodetic Observations of Crustal Deformation: Implications 8 for Paleoseismology APPENDIX 4: Secular Cooling of the Earth as a Source of Intraplate Stress 12 APPENDIX 5: Comment on "Saugus-Palmdale, California, Field Test for 32 Refraction Error in Historical Leveling Surveys" APPENDIX 6: Earthquake Source Mechanisms and Transform Fault 48 Tectonics in the Gulf of California 3 This is a Semi-annual Status Report on research conducted between 22 September 1986 and 21 March 1987 under NASA Grant NAG 5-814, entitled "The Interpretation of Crustal Dynamics Data in Terms of Plate Motions and Regional Deformation near Plate Boundaries." This grant supports the research of two Investigators (S. C. Solomon and M.