Index

Abreojos fault, Quaternary vertical movements in, Agua Blanca fault rifting in, marine terraces of, seismicity of, structure of, structural boundary of, tectonics of, 474 structure of, 447-475 Air-sea fluxes, in Gulf of California, structure offshore,217-226, 301-364 Alkalic volcanics 465-468 synrift volcanism,261-279, 269-274 in Baja California,159-166 tectonics of, 474-475 classication of,166-169 tectono-stratigraphic145-174, map198 of, source of, 512-514, 519 triple junction of, 87-122 tectonics of, vertical deformation31 2-338in, 309-310, 312-338 volcanism in,145-1 74, 261-279 Alvinhydrothermal data316-320 from, western coast of, 239 and hydrothermal328-338 petroleum, Ballenas Channel 306-307 push cores from,336-337 drogue tracks in, 472-474 survey in , upwelling in, 118 Antithetic faults, 723 Banda submarine fan,461 Aqua Blanca fault 809 seismic profiles of, kinematics of, 763-768 Barium, geochemistry545 of, main trace of, 809 Basin formation 540 recent activity 295of, in Baja California, 193 Aqua Blanca Ranch, alluvial fans in, in Continental Borderland,153 Atmospheric conditions,220 in Gulf of California, of Laguna Salada basin,774-776 Atmospheric forcing,289 in Gulf of California, Basin and Range, gravity anomalies in, Bahia San Nicolas, Pleistocene285-288 shorelines in, Bathymetry 249-259 Bahia Soledadfault, structure of, 290 of Baja California, 127-140 Bahia To rtugas area, Pleistocene terraces of, 534 of Continental Borderland,255-259 Baja California 512-517 of Guaymas Basin, 209 active faulting in, 460 of Gulf of California, andesite belt along, 163 of offshore California,21-22 bathymetry of, 466,470 of Rivera fracture zone, 22, 129 calcal.kaline volcanics of, Beryllium, geochemistry722 of, coast geomorphology285-298 of, Biomarkers, in Guaymas21 Basin,-22, 513, 529 continental margin of,303-306 Biostratigraphy, of Gulf of92, California, 180 correlation chart21-22 of, Bitumen, alteration of, 22 crustal isochrons of, 303-307 Black slick, 775-777 crustal models for, 455-461 Bouguer gravity anomalies 809-815 crustal structure of, 33, 673-679 maps of, 640 displacement of, 651 in Mexico, 694-695 earthquakes in, 48-68 gravity803 anomalies epicenters in, 207-210 Boxsee cores also faults in, 261-279 from Gulf202-203, of California, 205-207 focal mechanisms403-421 in, Sediment197-214 cores geochronology of72-73, coast263 of, Brinessee also geoidal depression264 of, diapirism of, geophysical75, sections220, 262 of, in Salton Sea, 604-610 geothermal fields in, 277-278 Cabo San Lucas gravity anomalies in, 450-451 DSDP in, 669 gravity prediction in, 29 and geodetic baseline,790 isostatic anomalies in, 25-44 salinity near, 782, 788, 790 kinematic models of, 783 Calafia's Island, early exploration for, lineaments in, 28-30, 197-214 Calcalkaline volcanics lithological map of, 201-205 of Baja Peninsula, 500-504 magnetic anomalies of,205 in Gulf of California,551 mantle petrology, 217-226 in Mexico, 1-17 Neogene of, 75 of Sierra Madre Occidental, paleomagnetism of, 582 Calcium carbonate saturation,303-307 in Gulf, physiographic provinces48-68, of, 92 California, Baja California;311-312 Southern California 3 pleistocene shorelines364 in, Californiasee 43 Continental Borderland, Continental Quaternary structure638-640 evolution of, Borderland 303 see 231-246 560 148 448-475 249-259

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Carbonates, in Guaymas Basin, 729 Curie point isotherm depths, 386-389, 390 Carbon dioxide, in Gulf of California, 559-561 Currents Castillo, Domingo del, 7-8 in Gulf of California, 535 Cenozoic tidal, 544-546 of Gulf of California, 637-662 vector time series of, 541 marine mollusks, 637-662 Dam construction, effects of, 621-624 , 278 Deep Sea Drilling Project Chapala rift, 430-432 in Cabo San Lucas, 669 Chemistry, Geochemistry; Wa ter chemistry geochemistry of cores of, 667-701 Chimneys see in Gulf of California, 669 formation of, 733-734 heat flow data from, 713 in Guaymas Basin, 725, 726 hydrocarbons in samples from, 798-820 Chinero lineament, 293-297 and hydrothermal activity, 755-759, 798-820 Chlorophyll 561-564 lipids in samples from, 798, 817-820 Chronology lithology of sites in Guaymas Basin, 757 from 210Pb dating, 613-615 offof Mexico, 671-672 of varves, 610-615 porosity profiles at sites, 757 Chronostratigraphy,a, of Gulf of California, 603-615 site locations of, 668 Circulation, wind-driven in Gulf of California, 533-544 at Tamayo fracture zone, 670 tholeiites at, 347, 349 spreading history of, 49-53 and water chemistry, 755-759 spreading rates of, 61-62, 67-68, 97-104 , hydrographic structure of, 538 Colima Descanso Plain, seismic profiles of, 153, 155, 160-161, 167 cross section of, 429 Detachment faulting, in Gulf of California, 371-374 fault map of, 428 Diatomaceous sediments, in Guaymas Basin, 793-820 geology of, 428-430 Discharge petrologyrift of, 430, 432 and laminated sediments, 624-630 structure of, 426-428 of rivers emptying into Gulf, 619-624 Colorado River Dissolved oxygen, in Gulf of California, 557-559 annual discharge of, 600 Drake, Francis, 11 sediment of, 575-577 DSDP, Deep Sea Drilling Project Columbus, Christopher, 4 Dust storms,see 630-633 Comondu Formation, 638-662 Earthquakes Comondu-La Purisima volcanic field, 313, 326, 327 of Baja California, 72-73, 263 Continental Borderland of Continental Borderland, 172-173 basin stratigraphy of, 127-140 epicenters for, 264 bathymetry of, 22, 129, 149 of Gulf of California, 72-73 cross sectionof, 130 of Southern California, 263 earthquakes of, 172-173 faults in, 75-76, 150 spreading history of, geologic setting of, 128-129 spreading rates of, 98-99 gravity anomalies of, 28-33 tholeiites in, 349 initiation of, 117-118 El Nino inter basinal correlation in, 133 effects on water mass440 formation, 532 lineaments in, 75-76 and productivity, 564-565 Neogene of, 139-140 El Paraiso, tholeiites348, in, 339 offshore fault trends of, 169 Ensenada Trough, seismic profiles of, 154, 156 paleoceanography of, 137-140 Eolian transport, of dust, 633 physiographic provinces of, 148 Epicenters Sea Beam data for, 179-195 in Baja California, 264 seismicity of, 171 in Southern California, 264 structure of, 81, 145-174, 265-269 Esperanza Basalt, tectonics of, 133-138, 145-174, 179-195 origin of, 358-360 volcanism in, 117 tholeiites in, 338-339, 342 Continental margin Euphotic zone, 564 off Baja California, 673-679 Evaporation rates,345 in Gulf of California, 518-519 off Southern California, 673-679 External reference frame, 484-487 organic matter of, 667-701 Fan valleys, in Continental Borderland, 193-194 Continental rifting, and hydrothermal activity, 781-791 Faults Coronada Bank fault, structure of, 163 in Baja California, 220, 262, 285-298 Coronado submarine fan valley, 194 of Continental Borderland, 147-169 Cortes, Hernan, 4-9 detachment faulting, 371-374 Crustal isochrons of Gulf of California, 73-74, 79-82, 393, 397 of Baja California, 48-68 nontransform offsets, 107-109, 110 of Continental Borderland, 48-68 offshore California, 76, 181-182 of Gulf of California, 48-68 recent activity of, 285-298 Neogene, 95-104 in , 74-75 of offshore California, 95-104 of Sierra Cucapa, 251 Crustal structure, Structure of Southern California, 218, 262, 287 see

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strikes of, 152 geologic setting of, 794-795 tectonic landforms of, 181-182 heat flow in, 709-718 transform, 106-107 hydrothermal fluidsin, 743-750, 753-777, 787-788, 819 Fieberling hotspotchain, 111-114 hydrothermal mineralization in, 721-739 Fine-grained sediments hydrothermal system of, 715, 766-770 distribution of, 579-580 interstitial water chemistry of, 753-777 in Gulf of California, 589-602 isopyncal fluctuations in, 549 Fluid inclusions, in Guaymas Basin, 733 kerogens in, 801-803 Focal mechanisms, in Baja California, 277-278 mineralogy of, 725-731 Fossils, of Gulf of California, mounds in, 723-725, 726, 730, 803-804 Fracture zones organic geochemistry of, 683-685, 693-694, 795-820 of offshore California, 104-109 organic matter in, 797-798 seamount chains along, 109-115 pH of mineral deposits in, 736 Free air gravity anomalies, of643 Gulf of California, 382 silicates in, 729 Freshwater flux, in Gulf of California, 525 as spreading center, 756 Gas chromatograms, of hydrothermal petroleum, 805-808 sulfates in, 729 Gases, from Guaymas Basin, 795 sulfides in, 728-729 Geochemistry temperature vs. salinity, 548 of alkalic volcanics, 314-315, 320-328 tholeiites in, 349 of barium, 774-776 Guaymas lineament, tectonic map of, 296 of beryllium, 775-777 Guaymas shelf, oceanography of, 542-543 of bulk sediments, 571-574 Guaymas slope of DSDP organic matter, 675-701 bathymetry of,342, 618 345, of geothermal fluids, 782-785 diagenetic alteration on, 696-697 in Guaymas Basin, 753-777, 795-820 organic matter geochemistry of, 685-691 of hydrothermal deposits, 730-733 paleoenvironmental changes in, 691-692 of hydrothermal vents, 745 Gulf of California of interstitial water, 753-777 active fault map of, 296 of manganese, 774-775 atmospheric conditions over, 534 of spires and mounds, 734-738 bathymetry of, 21-22, 50-53, 513, 529 of tholeiitic volcanics, 349-351 carbon dioxideand pH in, 559-561 of volcanics in Mexico, 431-432 comparison of, 405-406 Geochronology correlation chart of, 650 of Baja California coast, 450-453 crustal isochrons of, 48-68, 120 of Pleistocene marine terraces, 461-468 detachment faulting in, 371-374 Geodesic lengths, 488-491 dissolved oxygen and nutrients in, 557-559 Geodesic rates, 489-491 early maps of, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 Geodesy East Pacific Rise in, 106 with Global Positioning System, 498-501 evaporation rates in, 518 of Gulf of California, 497-505 exploration of, 4-9 of western United States, 483-496 faults in, 73-74, 79-82, 393, 397 Geodetic baselines, in Gulf of California, 497-505 fault solution for, 400 Geophysical sections, of Gulf of California, 25-44 fine-grained sediments in, 569-586, 589-602 Geothermal processes, and active accretion, 713-715 geochronology of coast of, 450-451 Geothermal system geodetic baselines across, 497-505 of Salton Sea, 781-791 geologic-tectonic map of, 79-82 Hydrothermal systems geomorphology of coast, 451 geophysical sections of, 38-44 Globalsee also Positioning System (GPS), in Gulf of California, 497-505 gravity anomalies of, 30, 33-38, 382 Gravity, prediction of, 201-205 heat flow in, 391, 709-718 Gravity anomalies hydrographic data from, 521-523 of Baja California, 28-30 hydrothermal systems in, 721-739, 781-791 causes of, 204 initiationof, 118-121 free air, 382 kinematic model of, 224 of Gulf of California, 382 late Te rtiary tectonics in, 303-312 of Laguna Salada basin, 256 magmatic evolution of, 301-364 in Mexico, 197-214 magnetic anomalies of, 48-68, 95, 377-400 Guadalajara region, volcanism of, 437-438 mantle petrology, 364 Guadalupe plate, 100-101 marine mollusks of, 637-662 Guaymas Basin Miocene versus Pliocene, 373-374 bathymetry of, 722 models of opening of, 408-419 bottom waters of, 770-773 modern sedimentation in, 569-586, 589-602 box core sites in, 605 molluscan index fossils of, 658-661 carbonates in, 729 Neogene of, 79-82, 638-640, 657 chimneys and spires in, 725, 726, 730 opening of southern, 403-421 comparison of hydrothermal systems in, 744-746 organic matter in, 679-692 comparison with Salton Sea, 791 origin of dark laminae in, 630-634 diatomaceous sediments in, 793-820 paleogeography of, 646-662 DSDP data from, 673, 713, 757 physical environment of, 556-561

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physical oceanography of, 511-552 in Guaymas Basin, 721-739 primary productivity in, 561-564 in Gulf of California, 721-739 pull apart of, 375 in northern trough, 723 Quaternary vertical movements in, 447-475 in southern trough, 723-725 rifting in, 301-364, 404-405 sulfur isotopic values of, 735 rivers emptying into, 619-624 Hydrothermal petroleum, in Guaymas Basin, 793-820 salinity of, 533, 550-551 Hydrothermal systems seamount chains in, 109-115, 120 in Guaymas Basin, 793-820 seasonal wind pattern of, 514 in Gulf of California, 781-791 seismicity of, 72-73, 278-279 Hydrothermal venting seismic proffies of, 153-167 at DSDP sites, 762 silica vs. depth proffies for, 772 geochemistry of, 745 spreading rates in, 222-223 in Guaymas Basin, 715, 774 structure of, 79-82, 294 Imperial Formation, 638-662 tectonic history of, 224-226, 405-408 Imperial Va lley tectonic map of, 48, 219, 288, 379, 404 fault plane solutions for, 276 temperature in, 561 seismicity of, 270 tholeiitic volcanism in, 338-365 structure of, 274-277 transform motion in, 221-224 Index fossils, of Gulf of California, 658-661 upwelling in, 539, 561-564 Interstitialwater varve chronology in, 603-615, 617-634 geochemistry of, 753-777 water masses in, 524-533 Pore water wind fluctuations and vectors in, 516 Islassee Marias, also gravity anomalies of, 38-42 Guaymas Basin Isla Tortuga, tholeiites in, 347, 348-349 Gulfsee of also California fault, evolution of, 293-295 Isostatic anomalies Gulf of California rift, Rifting concepts of, 201 Guzman, Nuno de, 4-9see in Mexico, 205 Gyre, anticyclonic, 536-537 Jalisco Block Heat flow structure of, 82 DSDP data of, 713, 755 volcanism of, 438 in Guaymas Basin, 709-718 Kerogens in Gulf of California, 391 alteration of, 695-699 and hydrothermal circulation, 715 from Guaymas Basin, 795-797, 801-803 Heat flux, in Gulf of California, 525 pyrolysis of, 802-803 Holocene Kinematic model, of Southern California, 218-221 diatomaceous sediments of Guaymas Basin, 793-820 Kino, Eusebio Francisco, 15 paleogeography, 649, 654-657 LAGEOS, 484-486 varve record of, 603-615, 617-634 Laguna Salada basin Hop-Sing seamount chain, 112-113 basin of, 252 Hurricanes, in Gulf of California, 515-517, 520 basin shape of, 257 Hydrocarbons development of, 255-259 chemical structures of, 705-706, 824-825 faulting activity in, 258 concentrations of, 698 gravityffil anomalies of, 256 in DSDP samples, 798-820 Laguna Salada fault in Guaymas Basin, 798-820 offsets along, 254 hydrothermal deposits associated with, 803-809 Quaternary development of, 253-255 Neogene, 681 slip rate estimates of, 255 polynuclear aromatic, 815 soil stratigraphy of, 255 volatile, 803-804 Laminated sediments Hydrogeochemistry, of Guaymas Basin, 766 chronostratigraphy of, 610-615 Hydrographic data, from Gulf of California, 521-523 continuity of, 608-610 Hydrothermal circulation and origin of dark laminae, 617-634 in Guaymas Basin, 715 radiographic composition of, 604-610 heat flowand, 715 and river discharge, 624-630 Hydrothermal clouds, in Guaymas Basin, 773 La Paz area, volcanics of, 306 Hydrothermal deposits La Reforma volcanics, Pleistocene shorelines in, 459 geochemistryof, 730-733 Larson seamounts, 119 hydrocarbons associated with, 803-809 Las Vo lcanes region, volcanism of, 438 minerology of, 725-731 Lineaments Hydrothermal fluids in Gulf of California, 73-74 geochemistry of, 753-777 offshore California, 76 in Guaymas Basin, 743-750 in Rivera plate, 74-75 and isotopic data, 747 Lipids mineralization from, 721-739 in DSDP samples, 695, 798, 817-820 model of composition of, 819 from Guaymas Basin, 795, 817-820 oxygen anomalies in, 773 Magdalena Fan, 408 in sedimented systems, 745-746 Magdalena plate, 101 in unsedimented systems, 744-745 Magmatism Hydrothermal mineralization in Gulf of California, 301-364

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and rifting,308- 312, 439 gravity prediction in, 201-205 Vo lcanism gravity stations in, 200 Magneticsee also anomalies isostatic anomalies in, 205 of Baja California, 48-68, 93-95 lithological map of, 582 of Continental Borderland, 48-68 marine mollusks of, 640-646 of Gulf of California, 48-68, 95, 377-400 Miocene marine section of, 653 of , 54 Quaternary vertical movements in, 447-475 of offshore California, 90-93 rainfall of, 631 of , 54 rifting in, 425-441, 439 of Pescadero divergence, 50-53 rivers in, 619-624 of Rivera Fracture Zone, 67 volcanism in, 305, 425-441 total field, 378, 381 Microplates, tectonics of, 231-246 Magnetic field, inclination of, Magnetism bathymetry of, 22 deep sources of, 388 gravity anomalies, 38-42 intermediate sources of, 387 organic matter in, 698 magnetic trackline map, 380234 Migration, of petroleum, 815-817 shallow sources of, 385 Mineralogy Main Gulf Escarpment, recent activity of, 290-293 of Gulf sediments, 577-579 Manganese, geochemistry of, 774-775 of hydrothermal deposits, 725-731 Mantle petrology, in Gulf of California, 364 of river sediments, 575-577 Maria Magdalena Rise, 409 Minerology, of Gulf core sediments, 597-599 Marine mollusks Miocene, paleogeography, 648-652 faunal affinities of, Mojave-Sonora megashear, 210 of Gulf of California, 637-662 Mollusks, Marine mollusks index fossils, 658-661 Mounds see of Mexico, 640-646 formation of, 733-734 Neogene, 638-640 640-643 geochemistry of, 734-738 radiometric data of, 644-646 in Guaymas Basin, 723-725, 726 of Salton Trough, 640-643, 647 hydrocarbons associated with, 803-809 Marine terraces Neogene on Baja California coast, 451-470 of Continental Borderland, 139-140 early Pleistocene, 457-461, 463-468 DSDP sediments, 667-701 late Pleistocene, 451-453, 456-457, 461-468 extensional terrane, 372 middle Pleistocene, 453-454, 457-461, 463-468 of Gulf of California, 79-82, 372, 657 Mascota region, volcanism of, 438 marine mollusks, 638-640 Mass accumulation rates spreading history of, 95-104 in Gulf of California core sediments, 593-596 North American plate of sediments, 574-577 and Gulf opening, 406-407, 411-417 Mass chromatograms, of hydrothermal petroleum, 812-814, paleolatitudes of, 816 paleomagnetism of, 237-244 Mass flux spreading history of, 49-68 and dark laminae, 624-62,5 structure of boundary of, 473 and river discharge, 626-630 tectonic setting of,236 232 Matape River, discharge of, 621 Northern trough Mayo River, discharge of, 621-623, 624, 626, 629 geothermal processes in, 715 Mazatlan heat flow in,712, 716 and geodetic baseline, 500-504 hydrothermal mineralization in, 723 rainfall at, 601 Nutrients, in Gulf of California, 557-559 volcanics of, 306 Oceanography, of Gulf of California, 511-552 Mendoza, Hurtado de, 4-5 Oligocene, paleogeography, 648 Metal transport, in Salton Sea, 785-787 Ore genesis Mexicali Va lley in Salton Though, 781-791 earthquakes in, 273 and sulfate-sulfide reactions, 785-787 fault plane solutions for, 276 Organic matter seismicity of, 270, 274 in Guaymas basin, 683-691 structure of, 274-277 in Guaymas Basin, 797-798 Mexican Continental Margin, organic matter in, 699 maturation and migration of, 679, 693-699 Mexican Vo lcanic Belt, 426 in Mexican Continental Margin, 699 Mexico in Middle America 'Trench, 699 bouguer gravity anomalies in, 197-214 sources and preservation of, 673-692 crustal models for, 207-210 Pacific plate crustal structure of, 197-214 boundaries and fracture zones of, 104-109 DSDP offof, 671-672 and Gulf opening, 406-407, 411-417 early explorations of, 1-17 spreading history of, 49-68 early map of, 16 spreading rates of, 97-104 faults in, 198-199 structure of boundary of, 473 geological cross section of, 654 Paleoceanography, of Continental Borderland, 137-140 geophysical sections of, 25-44 Paleogeography

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of Gulf of California, 646-662 Recent, Iiolocene Iiolocene, 649, 654-657 REE patterns,see in Gulf tholeiitic volcanics, 351-361 Miocene, 648-652 Rhyolite ignimbrites, Baja California, 308-309 Oligocene, 648 Rifting Pliocene, 652-654 in Baja California, 217-226 Quaternary, 654 in Gulf of California, 301-364, 307-308, 404-405 Paleomagnetism and magma types,in308-31 2, 439 of North American plate, 237-244 Pliocene-Holocene, 425-441 and tectonic setting, 234-244 and tholeiitic volcanism, 338-365 Patton basin, stratigraphy of, 128-130 Rift volcanism, in Gulf of California, 301-364 Peninsular California, Baja California Rio Culaican, discharge of, 601 Peninsular Ranges see Rivera FractureZone paleolatitudes of, 242 bathymetry of, 22 paleomagnetism of, 240, 243, 246 cross sections of, 41-43 structural models of, 266 earthquakes in, 73 tectonics of, 244-245 faults and lineaments of, 74-75 Pescadero divergence geophysical sections of, 25-44 bathymetry of, 50-53 gravity anomalies of, 42-44 spreading history of, 49-53 magnetic anomalies of, 67 Petroleum Rivera plate in Guaymas Basin, 793-820 bathymetry of boundary of, 108 hydrothermal, 804-809 and Gulf rifting, 407 migration of, 815-817 spreading history of, 49-53 potential of, 817 spreading rates of, 53-61, 65 Iiydrocarbons Rivera Ridge, spreading rates of, 66 plisee also Rivera and chlorophyll maximum, 562 bathymetry of, 59-63 of Guaymas Basina hydrothermal deposits, 736 magnetic anomalies of, 59-66 of Gulf of California, 559-561 Rivers Phosphate, in Gulf of California, 559 dischargeRise of, 620, 621, 624-630 Physical environment, in Gulf of California, 556-561 emptying into Gulf, 619-624 Physical oceanography, of Gulf of California, 511-552 sediments in, 575-577 Phytoplankton, 565 Rock-Eval pyrolysis, of DSDP cores, 67 4, 684, 692, 694 Piston cores Rose Canyon fault, recent activity of, 288-290 and hydrothermal activity, 759-766 Salada Formation, 638-662 water chemistry of, 759-766 Salinity, in Gulf of California, 526, 527, 529-531, 533, 550-551 Plate boundaries, 97-104, 232, 406-407 Salsipuedes Channel, hydrographic structure of, 538 of offshore California, 104-109 Salton Sea Pacific-North American, 473 brines in, 782, 788, 790 seamount chains along, 109-111 comparison with Guaymas Basin, 791 in Southern California, 174 geothermal fluid chemistry of, 782-785 Pleistocene shorelines, in Baja California, 448-475 metal transport in, 785-787 Pliocene, paleogeography, 652-654 Salton Sea Geothermal System (SSGS), 781-791 Pliocene-Iiolocene Salton Though rifting, 425-441 correlation chart of, 650 volcanism in Mexico, 425-441 geologic setting of, 251-253 Polar wandering, of North American plate, 235 geothermal fields in, 783-784 Polo, Marco, 2-3 hydrothermal systems in, 781-791 Pore water marine mollusks of, in Guaymas Basin, 746-747 ore genesis in, 781-791640 and hydrothermal activity, 746-747 structure of, Primary productivity, in Gulf of California, 561-564 SamMiguel fault, location map of, 293 Pseudokerogens, 798 San Andreas fault -643 Puerto Libertad region, 456 comparison of, 189 Punta Abreojos region, 465 evolution of, 250293-295 Punta Banda Peninsula and other structures, 295-297 marine terraces of, 465-468 slip rates along, 219 Pleistocene marine terraces of, 472 tectonic development of, 226 Punta Mita basalts, San Andreas Fault Experiment (SAFE), 493-496 Push cores, hydrothermal water chemistryof, 763-768 San Benito fault, 474 Pyroxenite veins, 361-363 San Borja-Jaraquay volcanic field, 316 Quartz/feldspar ratio, of Gulf sediments, 581, 583-586, 598- San Clemente fault 599 343, 344-348 bathymetry along, 184 Quaternary bend region of, 157-158 of Baja California, 249-259 comparison of, 189 DSDP sediments, 667-701 geomorphic features of, 187 paleogeography, 654 recency of faulting, 186-192 styles of deformation in, 471-475 seismic profiles of, 164-165, 188, 191 vertical movements in, 447-475 structure of, 147-159

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tectonic landforms along, 182-186 of Baja California, 269-274 tectonics of, 159 of Continental Borderland, 171 San Diego trough of Gulf of California, 72-73, 278-279 stratigraphy of, 132-133, 135 Seismic profiles, of Gulf of California, 153-167 structure of, 163-164 Seismotectonics, Seismicity; Te ctonics San Felipe lineament, tectonic map of, 296 Shelf circulation, seein Gulf of California, 535-544 San Ignacio-Sierra San Francisco volcanic field, 316, 326, Shepard submarine canyon, 194 327, 329 Shirley , 97-101 San Isidro fault Sierra Cucapa Sea Beam data for, 192 geologic setting of, 251-253 structure of, 147-157 Quaternary structure evolution of, 249-259 San Juanico region, Pleistocene marinedeposits of, 463 Sierra Juarez-San Felipe lineament, 293-297 San Miguel fault Sierra Madre Occidental, calcalkaline volcanics of, 303 kinematics of, 220 Sierra Nevada block, 240 recent activity of, 288-290 paleolatitudes of, 242 San Nicolas basin, stratigraphy of, 130-131 paleomagnetism of, 245 San Pedro basin, stratigraphy of, 131-132, 134 Silicates, in Guaymas Basin, 729 Santa Barbara basin, seismic profile of, 136 Soil stratigraphy, of Laguna Salada fault, 255 Santa Catalina basin Sonora seismic profile of, 136 Quaternary vertical movements in, 447-475 stratigraphy of, 132-133, 135 rainfall of, 631 Santa Cruz basin Sonoran desert, marine sediments of, seismic profile of, 134 Sonora River, discharge of, 621-623, 626, 628, 629 stratigraphy of, 130-131 Southern California Santa Lucia allochthon active faults of, 287, 296 paleolatitudes of, 241 basin stratigraphy of, 127-140 643-646 paleomagnetism of, 240 bathymetry offshore, 180 tectonics of, 244-245 continental margin off of, 673-679 Santa Monica basin crustal isochrons of, 48-68 seismic profile of, 135 DSDP cores off of, 667-701 stratigraphy of, 131-132, 134 early exploration of, 9-17 Santa Rosalia region earthquakes in, 263 Pleistocene shorelines in, 457, 458-461 epicenters in, 264 volcano-tectonic motions in, 471 faulting offshore, 181-182 Satellite geodesy, 483-496 faults in, 73-74, 218-221, 262 Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), 483-496, 498, 501 geologic setting of, 128-129 Sea Beam, tectonics shown by, 179-195 geophysical sections of, 25-44 Sea breeze, in Gulf of California, 514 geothermal fields in, 783 Seamount chains gravity anomalies of, 30 in Continental Borderland, 195 kinematic model of, 218-221 Fieberling hotspot chain, 111-114 magnetic anomalies of, 48-68, 90-93 of offshore California, 109-115 paleomagneticrotations in, 244 Sedimentation paleomagnetismof, 231-246 of Continental Borderland basins, 128-133 plate boundary of, 174 Sediments structure of, 198 structure offshore, 87-122 Sedimentsee also cores accumulation rates of, 576 tectonic map of, 233 push cores, 763-768 tectono-stratigraphic map of, 239 volcanism in, 117 Alvinand hyd rothermal activity, 759-766 lithology of, 590-592, 592 Southern trough minerology of, 597-599 geothermal processes in, 715 radiography of, 604-610 heat flowin, 713, 714, 717, 718 texture of, 596-597 hydrothermal activity in, 723-725, 764 water chemistry of, 759-766 interstitial water chemistry of, 765 Sediments Spanish explorations, early, 1-17 accumulation rates of, 574-577, 593-596 Spires diatomaceous, 793-820 formation of. 733-734 in DSDP cores, 667-701 geochemistry of, 734-738 fine-grained, 569-586, 589-602 in Guaymas Basin, 725, 726 geochemistry of, 571-574 Spreading center, Guaymas Basin as, 756 and hydrothermal fluids, 743-750 Spreading centers mineralogy of, 575-577 Guaymas Basin as, 744-750 modern, 589-602 of offshore California, 105-106 Neogene, 667-701 Spreading history of Pacific coastal plain, of East Pacific Rise, 440 Quaternary, 667-701 of Gulf of California, 49-68 of Sonoran desert, Neogene, 95-104 texture of, 575, 578 of offshore California, 102-104 Seismicity 643-646 Spreading rates

643-646

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of East Pacific Rise 98-99 source of, 363 of Gulf of California, 222-223, 411-417 Tides of North American plate, 49-58 dissipation of, 544-546 of Pacific plate, 49-68 in Gulf of California, 544-546 Straits of Anian, 11-15, Tosco fault, 474 Stratigraphy Tr ansform faulting of Continental Borderland basins, 128-133 in Baja California, 407-408 of modern Gulf sediments, 590-592 in Gulf of California, 221-224 Strike-slip faults, 285-298 of offshore California, 106-107 Structure Thansverse Ranges of Baja California, 145-174 kinematics of, 220-221 of Continental Borderland, 145-174, 265-269 structure of, 81 and crustal models, 207-210 'Ii"enches, of offshore California, 104-105 of Gulf of California, 79-82 'IresVr rgenes area, volcanism, 311 of Imperial Va lley, 274-277 of offshore California, 87-122 Ulloa,Thrritella, Francisco 640 de, 5-9 Subduction metasomatism, 336-337 Upwelling Submarine canyons, in Continental Borderland, 193-194 in Gulf of California, 533-535, 539 Sulfates, in Guaymas Basin, 729 and productivity, 561-564 Sulfate-sulfide reactions, ore genesis and, 785-787 Vallecitos fault Sulfides, in Guaymas Basin, 728-729 gravity map of, 291 Synrift volcanism location map of, 293 in Baja California, 312-338 recent activity of, 288-290 origin of, 337-338 trace map of, 292 Synthetic faults, 295 Varves Tamayo fracture zone, DSDP at, 670 20th century chronology of, 610-615 Tanner basin chronostratigraphy of, 610-615 seismic profile of, 132 in Gulf of California, 603-615, 617-634 stratigraphy of, 128-130 and origin of dark laminae, 624-634 Tectonics Ve ctor motions, 488, 490, 492 of Baja California, 231-246, 297-298 Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), 491-496, 498-501 of Continental Borderland, 133-137, 145-174, 179-195 Vl Zcaino, Sebastian, 13 and geology, 79-82 Vizcaino Peninsula of Gulf of California, 71-76, 79-82, 219, 224-226, 303-312, Pleistocene terraces of, 465-470 405-408 tholeiites in, 339-344, 346 and landforms along faults, 181-182 Vo latiles, from Guaymas Basin, 795 of offshore California, 87-122 Volcanic chains and paleomagnetism, 234-244 in Continental Borderland, 195 of Peninsular Ranges, 244-245 of offshore California, 109-115 recent, 297-298 Volcanism of Santa Lucia allochthon, 244-245 alkalic, 309-310 from Satellite Laser Ranging, 483-496 in Baja California, 118 and seismicity, 71-76 calcalkaline, 311-312 of SouthernCalifornia, 231-246 in coastal California, 117 of westernUnited States, 483-496 of Gulf of California, 303-312 Temperature, in Gulf of California, 526, 527-531, 561 in Mexico, 425-441 Tepic-Zacoalco rift tholeiitic, 309-311 lithological map of, 434 Wa gner Basin petrology of volcanics in, 436-437 salinity of, 529-530 structure of, 432-435 temperature of, 529 Terraces, Marine terraces Wa ter chemistry at DSDP sites, 755-759 Terrigenoussee sediments and dark laminae, 627-630 of geoth l fluids, 782-785 dispersal of, 581-585 in Guaymaserma Basin, 753-777 in Guaymas basin, 687 in Gulf of California, 753-777 in Gulf of California, 569-586, 589-602 Wa ter masses, in Gulf of California, 524-533, 528 Tertiary Caribbean province, We rner deconvolution, 389-390 We sternUnited States, tectonics of, 483-496 Texture, of Gulf core sediments,640 596-597 Thermal maturity, of organic matter, 697 Wm d Thermohaline circulation, in Gulf of California, 517-524 in Gulf of California, 516 Tholeiitic volcanics -643 maximum speed of, 532 comparative geochemistry of, 349-351 Wm d field, in Gulf of California, 512-513 in Gulf of California, 309-311, 338-365 X-radiography, sediment cores, 604-610 origin of, 358-361 Ya qui River, discharge of, 621-623, 626, 628, 629 REB patterns of, 358-361 Zacoalco graben, 429, 435-436

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