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SPYCATCHER by PETER WRIGHT with Paul Greengrass WILLIAM
SPYCATCHER by PETER WRIGHT with Paul Greengrass WILLIAM HEINEMANN: AUSTRALIA First published in 1987 by HEINEMANN PUBLISHERS AUSTRALIA (A division of Octopus Publishing Group/Australia Pty Ltd) 85 Abinger Street, Richmond, Victoria, 3121. Copyright (c) 1987 by Peter Wright ISBN 0-85561-166-9 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. TO MY WIFE LOIS Prologue For years I had wondered what the last day would be like. In January 1976 after two decades in the top echelons of the British Security Service, MI5, it was time to rejoin the real world. I emerged for the final time from Euston Road tube station. The winter sun shone brightly as I made my way down Gower Street toward Trafalgar Square. Fifty yards on I turned into the unmarked entrance to an anonymous office block. Tucked between an art college and a hospital stood the unlikely headquarters of British Counterespionage. I showed my pass to the policeman standing discreetly in the reception alcove and took one of the specially programmed lifts which carry senior officers to the sixth-floor inner sanctum. I walked silently down the corridor to my room next to the Director-General's suite. The offices were quiet. Far below I could hear the rumble of tube trains carrying commuters to the West End. I unlocked my door. In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer’s trade - a desk, two telephones, one scrambled for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front. -
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CURVE/open How I learned to stop worrying and love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park Smith, C Author post-print (accepted) deposited by Coventry University’s Repository Original citation & hyperlink: Smith, C 2014, 'How I learned to stop worrying and love the Bombe: Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park' History of Science, vol 52, no. 2, pp. 200-222 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275314529861 DOI 10.1177/0073275314529861 ISSN 0073-2753 ESSN 1753-8564 Publisher: Sage Publications Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it. Mechanising the Information War – Machine Research and Development and Bletchley Park Christopher Smith Abstract The Bombe machine was a key device in the cryptanalysis of the ciphers created by the machine system widely employed by the Axis powers during the Second World War – Enigma. -
A Proposed System for Covert Communication to Distant And
A Proposed System for Covert Communication to Distant and Broad Geographical Areas Joshua Davis [email protected] Abstract—A covert communication system is developed that can emulate a human user, when provided information about modulates Morse code characteristics and that delivers its mes- a user’s Morse code statistical behavior. Numbers stations sage economically and to geographically remote areas using radio utilize simplex (one-way) communication, one-time pads, and and EchoLink. Our system allows a covert message to be sent to a receiving individual by hiding it in an existing carrier long range radio to ensure that both the receiver and message Morse code message. The carrier need not be sent directly to are anonymous. Our system may be utilized in this fashion, the receiving person, though the receiver must have access to the providing a level of security equal to numbers stations if this signal. Illustratively, we propose that our system may be used as is the desired configuration. Further, our system obfuscates an alternative means of implementing numbers stations. to some degree the existence of the covert communication; something that numbers stations are not known to do. I. INTRODUCTION A. Morse Code A potential use for the system we will soon derive is a se- Morse code is a simple and durable means of transmitting cure and economical alternative to numbers stations. Numbers symbols (e.g. letters, numbers). It is widely used by amateur stations can be found throughout the high frequency (HF) radio radio operators on HF bands to communicate with one another band, as the propagation characteristics of this band allows over long distances. -
Lancaster County, PA Archives
Fictitious Names in Business Index 1917-1983 Derived from original indexes within the Lancaster County Archives collection 1001 Hobbies & Crafts, Inc. Corp 1 656 1059 Columbia Avenue Associates 15 420 120 Antiquities 8 47 121 Studio Gallery 16 261 1226 Gallery Gifts 16 278 1722 Motor Lodge Corp 1 648 1810 Associates 15 444 20th Century Card Co 4 138 20thLancaster Century Housing County,6 PA332 Archives 20th Century Television Service 9 180 222 Service Center 14 130 25th Hour 14 43 28th Division Highway Motor Court 9 225 3rd Regular Infantry Corp 1 568 4 R's Associates 16 227 4 Star Linen Supply 12 321 501 Diner 11 611 57 South George Street Associates 16 302 611 Shop & Gallery 16 192 7 Cousins Park City Corp 1 335 78-80 West Main, Inc. Corp 1 605 840 Realty 16 414 A & A Aluminum 15 211 A & A Credit Exchange 4 449 A & B Associates 13 342 A & B Automotive Warehouse Company Corp 1 486 A & B Electronic Products Leasing 15 169 A & B Manufacturing Company 12 162 A & E Advertising 15 54 A & H Collectors Center 12 557 A & H Disposal 15 56 A & H Drywall Finishers 12 588 A & L Marketing 15 426 A & L Trucking 16 358 A & M Enterprises 15 148 A & M New Car Brokers 15 128 A & M Rentals 12 104 A & P Roofing Company 14 211 A & R Flooring Service 15 216 A & R Nissley, Inc. Corp 1 512 A & R Nissley, Inc. Corp 1 720 A & R Nissley, Inc. Corp 2 95 A & R Tour Services Co. -
Polska Myśl Techniczna W Ii Wojnie Światowej
CENTRALNA BIBLIOTEKA WOJSKOWA IM. MARSZAŁKA JÓZEFA PIŁSUDSKIEGO POLSKA MYŚL TECHNICZNA W II WOJNIE ŚWIATOWEJ W 70. ROCZNICĘ ZAKOŃCZENIA DZIAŁAŃ WOJENNYCH W EUROPIE MATERIAŁY POKONFERENCYJNE poD REDAkcJą NAUkoWą DR. JANA TARCZYńSkiEGO WARSZAWA 2015 Konferencja naukowa Polska myśl techniczna w II wojnie światowej. W 70. rocznicę zakończenia działań wojennych w Europie Komitet naukowy: inż. Krzysztof Barbarski – Prezes Instytutu Polskiego i Muzeum im. gen. Sikorskiego w Londynie dr inż. Leszek Bogdan – Dyrektor Wojskowego Instytutu Techniki Inżynieryjnej im. profesora Józefa Kosackiego mgr inż. Piotr Dudek – Prezes Stowarzyszenia Techników Polskich w Wielkiej Brytanii gen. dyw. prof. dr hab. inż. Zygmunt Mierczyk – Rektor-Komendant Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego płk mgr inż. Marek Malawski – Szef Inspektoratu Implementacji Innowacyjnych Technologii Obronnych Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej mgr inż. Ewa Mańkiewicz-Cudny – Prezes Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych – Naczelnej Organizacji Technicznej prof. dr hab. Bolesław Orłowski – Honorowy Członek – założyciel Polskiego Towarzystwa Historii Techniki – Instytut Historii Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk kmdr prof. dr hab. Tomasz Szubrycht – Rektor-Komendant Akademii Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte dr Jan Tarczyński – Dyrektor Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej im. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego prof. dr hab. Leszek Zasztowt – Dyrektor Instytutu Historii Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk dr Czesław Andrzej Żak – Dyrektor Centralnego Archiwum Wojskowego im. -
9 Purple 18/2
THE CONCORD REVIEW 223 A VERY PURPLE-XING CODE Michael Cohen Groups cannot work together without communication between them. In wartime, it is critical that correspondence between the groups, or nations in the case of World War II, be concealed from the eyes of the enemy. This necessity leads nations to develop codes to hide their messages’ meanings from unwanted recipients. Among the many codes used in World War II, none has achieved a higher level of fame than Japan’s Purple code, or rather the code that Japan’s Purple machine produced. The breaking of this code helped the Allied forces to defeat their enemies in World War II in the Pacific by providing them with critical information. The code was more intricate than any other coding system invented before modern computers. Using codebreaking strategy from previous war codes, the U.S. was able to crack the Purple code. Unfortunately, the U.S. could not use its newfound knowl- edge to prevent the attack at Pearl Harbor. It took a Herculean feat of American intellect to break Purple. It was dramatically intro- duced to Congress in the Congressional hearing into the Pearl Harbor disaster.1 In the ensuing years, it was discovered that the deciphering of the Purple Code affected the course of the Pacific war in more ways than one. For instance, it turned out that before the Americans had dropped nuclear bombs on Japan, Purple Michael Cohen is a Senior at the Commonwealth School in Boston, Massachusetts, where he wrote this paper for Tom Harsanyi’s United States History course in the 2006/2007 academic year. -
Poet Admits // Mute Cypher: Beam Search to Find Mutually Enciphering
Poet Admits // Mute Cypher: Beam Search to find Mutually Enciphering Poetic Texts Cole Peterson and Alona Fyshe University of Victoria [email protected], [email protected] Abstract other English poem. In a sense, Bok¨ not only turns a microbe into a genetic book, he also engineers The Xenotext Experiment implants poetry into the microbe to be, in a sense, a poet. The organ- an extremophile’s DNA, and uses that DNA to generate new poetry in a protein form. ism’s molecular machinery powers this translation The molecular machinery of life requires that between the two texts, which, at a high level, is a these two poems encipher each other un- symmetric substitution cipher between the letters, der a symmetric substitution cipher. We and is described in more detail in Section 2. The search for ciphers which permit writing under two poems (the poet’s and the organism’s) must both the Xenotext constraints, incorporating ideas play by the rules we refer to as the Xenotext Con- from cipher-cracking algorithms, and using straints: n-gram data to assess a cipher’s “writabil- ity”. Our algorithm, Beam Verse, is a beam Each text is valid natural language. search which uses new heuristics to navigate • the cipher-space. We find thousands of ci- phers which score higher than successful ci- The substitution cipher function applied to one • phers used to write Xenotext constrained texts. text, results in the other text, and vice versa. In other words, the cipher function must be sym- 1 Introduction metric. For over a decade, poet Christian Bok¨ has been Whitespace characters (space, new line) enci- • working on The Xenotext (Bok,¨ 2008), a literary ex- pher themselves, and are the only characters al- periment which aims to insert poetry into the DNA lowed identity mappings. -
Partial Differential Equations
CALENDAR OF AMS MEETINGS THIS CALENDAR lists all meetings which have been approved by the Council pnor to the date this issue of the Nouces was sent to press. The summer and annual meetings are joint meetings of the Mathematical Association of America and the Ameri· can Mathematical Society. The meeting dates which fall rather far in the future are subject to change; this is particularly true of meetings to which no numbers have yet been assigned. Programs of the meetings will appear in the issues indicated below. First and second announcements of the meetings will have appeared in earlier issues. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS presented at a meeting of the Society are published in the journal Abstracts of papers presented to the American Mathematical Society in the issue corresponding to that of the Notices which contains the program of the meet ing. Abstracts should be submitted on special forms which are available in many departments of mathematics and from the office of the Society in Providence. Abstracts of papers to be presented at the meeting must be received at the headquarters of the Society in Providence, Rhode Island, on or before the deadline given below for the meeting. Note that the deadline for ab stracts submitted for consideration for presentation at special sessions is usually three weeks earlier than that specified below. For additional information consult the meeting announcement and the list of organizers of special sessions. MEETING ABSTRACT NUMBER DATE PLACE DEADLINE ISSUE 778 June 20-21, 1980 Ellensburg, Washington APRIL 21 June 1980 779 August 18-22, 1980 Ann Arbor, Michigan JUNE 3 August 1980 (84th Summer Meeting) October 17-18, 1980 Storrs, Connecticut October 31-November 1, 1980 Kenosha, Wisconsin January 7-11, 1981 San Francisco, California (87th Annual Meeting) January 13-17, 1982 Cincinnati, Ohio (88th Annual Meeting) Notices DEADLINES ISSUE NEWS ADVERTISING June 1980 April 18 April 29 August 1980 June 3 June 18 Deadlines for announcements intended for the Special Meetings section are the same as for News. -
Cryptography
Cryptography From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Secret code" redirects here. For the Aya Kamiki album, see Secret Code. German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II to encrypt very-high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; from Greek κρυπτός, kryptos, "hidden, secret"; and γράφ, gráph, "writing", or -λογία, -logia, respectively)[1] is the practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. Cryptology prior to the modern age was almost synonymous with encryption, the conversion of information from a readable state to nonsense. The sender retained the ability to decrypt the information and therefore avoid unwanted persons being able to read it. Since WWI and the advent of the computer, the methods used to carry out cryptology have become increasingly complex and its application more widespread. Alongside the advancement in cryptology-related technology, the practice has raised a number of legal issues, some of which remain unresolved. Contents [hide] • 1 Terminology • 2 History of cryptography and cryptanalysis o 2.1 Classic cryptography o 2.2 The computer era • 3 Modern cryptography o 3.1 Symmetric-key cryptography o 3.2 Public-key cryptography o 3.3 Cryptanalysis o 3.4 Cryptographic primitives o 3.5 Cryptosystems • 4 Legal issues o 4.1 Prohibitions o 4.2 Export controls o 4.3 NSA involvement o 4.4 Digital rights management • 5 See also • 6 References • 7 Further reading • 8 External links [edit] Terminology Until modern times cryptography referred almost exclusively to encryption, which is the process of converting ordinary information (plaintext) into unintelligible gibberish (i.e., ciphertext).[2] Decryption is the reverse, in other words, moving from the unintelligible ciphertext back to plaintext. -
Secure Communications One Time Pad Cipher
Cipher Machines & Cryptology © 2010 – D. Rijmenants http://users.telenet.be/d.rijmenants THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO SECURE COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE ONE TIME PAD CIPHER DIRK RIJMENANTS Abstract : This paper provides standard instructions on how to protect short text messages with one-time pad encryption. The encryption is performed with nothing more than a pencil and paper, but provides absolute message security. If properly applied, it is mathematically impossible for any eavesdropper to decrypt or break the message without the proper key. Keywords : cryptography, one-time pad, encryption, message security, conversion table, steganography, codebook, message verification code, covert communications, Jargon code, Morse cut numbers. version 012-2011 1 Contents Section Page I. Introduction 2 II. The One-time Pad 3 III. Message Preparation 4 IV. Encryption 5 V. Decryption 6 VI. The Optional Codebook 7 VII. Security Rules and Advice 8 VIII. Appendices 17 I. Introduction One-time pad encryption is a basic yet solid method to protect short text messages. This paper explains how to use one-time pads, how to set up secure one-time pad communications and how to deal with its various security issues. It is easy to learn to work with one-time pads, the system is transparent, and you do not need special equipment or any knowledge about cryptographic techniques or math. If properly used, the system provides truly unbreakable encryption and it will be impossible for any eavesdropper to decrypt or break one-time pad encrypted message by any type of cryptanalytic attack without the proper key, even with infinite computational power (see section VII.b) However, to ensure the security of the message, it is of paramount importance to carefully read and strictly follow the security rules and advice (see section VII). -
Attestation Using Visual Cryptography (3,3) Scheme International Journal
ISSN 2347 - 3983 Volume 8. No. 3, March 2020 Dodda Pratap Roy et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(3), March 2020, 645- 651 International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research Available Online at http://www.warse.org/IJETER/static/pdf/file/ijeter06832020.pdf https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/06832020 Attestation Using Visual Cryptography (3,3) Scheme Dodda Pratap Roy1, Dr. M Jaya Bhaskar2 1 M. Tech Student, Department of CSE (Cyber Security and digital Forensics), KLEF, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India, [email protected] 2 Professor, Department of CSE, KLEF, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India, [email protected] ABSTRACT Visual Cryptography is a technique in cryptography which is In Symmetric Key cryptography both the sender and receiver used to encrypt the images and all other visual information. use same key and it is a single key to do both encrypt and And this cryptography is different from all other decrypt operation on the message which was shared between cryptographic techniques, because of its decryption process them and in asymmetric key cryptography both the sender and it is done mechanically. In general, visual cryptography and receiver uses different keys. image is encryption is limited up to two shares only. In this paper we propose a complete new and different way of In those two keys one key is used to perform encryption and authentication(attestation) which helps to provide more another key is used to perform decryption operation on the security than other authentication systems by using the secret data. And in hash functions, instead of keys hash value Visual Cryptography (3,3) Scheme. -
Trusted Internet Connections (TIC) Reference Architecture Document Version 2.2
Trusted Internet Connections (TIC) Reference Architecture Document Version 2.2 Federal Interagency Technical Reference Architectures June 19, 2017 Federal Network Resilience Revision History Date Version Description Approved By 4/20/09 1.0 Agency feedback M.A. Brown, RADM, USN incorporated and released DAS Cybersecurity & Communications, DHS 3/24/2011 2.0 Capabilities and M. Coose architecture updated by the Director, Federal Network TIC 2.0 Working Group. Security, DHS Final version prepared by DHS. 9/1/2011 2.0 Final approval by OMB M. Coose and reference to M-11-11. Director, Federal Network Security, DHS 9/16/2013 2.0 Added Appendix H – John Streufert Cloud Considerations. Director, Federal Network Resilience, DHS 6/9/2017 2.2 Modified Secure Mark Kneidinger communications from Director, Federal Network Critical to Recommended Resilience, DHS TIC Reference Architecture V2.2 i Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 1 ORIGINAL TIC TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE STRATEGY TEAM MEMBERS ................................................................. 1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS ................................................................................................................................................. 1 ADVISORS .................................................................................................................................................................. 2 TIC 2.0 UPDATE PARTICIPANTS................................................................................................................................