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{PDF EPUB} Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution Concepts And Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution Concepts and Controversies by Jan Sapp Jan Sapp (editor) Jan Sapp opens with a history of the study of microbes, which he divides into four eras: germ theory, molecular genetics, molecular phylogenetics based on small subunit ribosomal DNA, and analyses based on full bacterial genomes. Norman Pace covers the large scale structure of the Tree of Life and the division into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. And Wolfgang Ludwig and Karl-Heinz Schleifer focus on the phylogeny of the bacteria: phyla and many subgroups are well supported, though their relationships are not. Two papers — W. Ford Doolittle's "If the Tree of Life Fell, Would We Recognize the Sound?" and William Martin's "Woe is the Tree of Life" — argue for a dominant role for horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Most of the other papers attribute much less weight to HGT, but Kurland's "Paradigm Lost" is a vehement attack on claims for its ubiquity and consequences. Carl Woese argues that HGT dominated only very early on, and that a kind of annealing happened as replication systems improved and passed through a "Darwinian threshold"; the earliest evolution involved cells rather than genomes. Radhey Gupta suggests that approaches to phylogeny using distinctive insertions and deletions (indels) produce robust trees and evidence for a stable core of genes and proteins that is minimally affected by factors such as HGT. He also argues that the eukaryotic cell evolved from symbiosis between a gram-negative bacterium and an Archaea, in an aerobic environment dominated by antibiotic-producing organisms. James Lake et al. argue for eukaryotic origins from a symbiosis between something like a purple sulfur bacteria and an eocyte, linked by hydrogen and sulfur metabolism. They suggest HGT is widespread and significant, but not so much so as to prevent construction of a meaningful Tree of Life. Some endosymbiotic events are less controversial. The origin of mitochondria as alpha-proteobacteria is now accepted, but Michael Gray considers further questions about their evolution. And John Archibald and Patrick Keeling give an account of the origin and evolution of plastids, with one primary endosymbiotic event followed by multiple secondary and even tertiary endosymbioses. Hannah Melnitsky, Frederick Rainey and Lynn Margulis present a karyomastigont model for the origin of eukaryotes, involving symbiosis between a Thermoplasma -like archaebacteria and a spirochete, and compare it to alternatives. And Michael Dolan looks at the origin of the microtubule cytoskeleton and the relationship of tubulin to the prokaryotic protein FtsZ. A couple of papers are peripheral to the central debates. Harold Morowitz and others offer a biochemists' perspective on evolution, finding robust patterns in intermediate metabolism and arguing for a phenotype-first approach. And John Werren looks at how vertically transmitted parasites can influence host reproduction, focusing on the bacteria Wolbachia , which manipulates eukaryote hosts through cytoplasmic incompatibility and sex- ratio control. All up Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution is a fascinating collection, covering some of the most exciting topics in the history of life. Jan Sapp. Jan Anthony Sapp (born June 12, 1954) is a Canadian historian of biology at York University, Canada. [1] His writings focus especially on evolutionary biology beyond the traditional neo-Darwinian framework, and emphasize the fundamental importance of symbiosis and horizontal gene transfer in heredity and evolution. He is also known for his writing on the coral reef crisis, focusing in detail on the outbreaks of crown of thorns starfish and coral bleaching. [2] Contents. Career 1 Bibliography 2 Recent publications 3 References 4 External links 5. Career. Sapp was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He completed his BSc hons (Biology) at Dalhousie University in 1976 before earning his MSc and Phd at the Institut d’histoire et de sociopolitique des sciences, at L'Université de Montréal in 1984. [3] [4] He subsequently held an appointment at the University of Melbourne for eight years, where he also served as chair of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science. [4] He was Andrew Mellon Fellow at the Rockefeller University, 1991-92. [4] He held the Canada Research Chair (tier 1) in the History of the Biological Sciences at l’Université du Québec à Montréal from 2001-2003 [5] before returning to York University where he has been a professor since 1992. Bibliography. Sapp, Jan (2009). The New Foundations of Evolution: On the Tree of Life . Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. [6] Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution: Concepts and Controversies . Jan Sapp (ed.). Oxford University Press, USA. 2005. Sapp, Jan (2003). Genesis: The Evolution of Biology . Oxford: New York : Oxford University Press. Sapp, Jan (1999). What is Natural? : Coral Reef Crisis . New York: Oxford University Press. Sapp, Jan (1994). Evolution by Association: A History of Symbiosis . New York: Oxford University Press. Sapp, Jan (1990). Where the Truth Lies: Franz Moewus and the Origins of Molecular Biology . Cambridge [England] ; New York: Cambridge University Press. Sapp, Jan (1987). Beyond the Gene: Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Struggle for Authority in Genetics . Monographs on the history and philosophy of biology. New York: Oxford University Press. Recent publications. Gilbert, S. F.; Sapp, J.; Tauber, A. I. (2012). "A symbiotic view of life: We have never been individuals". The Quarterly review of biology 87 (4): 325–341. Sapp, Jan (April 2012). "Race Finished". American Scientist 100 (2). p. 164. Sapp, Jan (2012). "Evolution Replayed". BioScience 62 (7): 693–694. Sapp, Jan (2012-10-22). "Too Fantastic for Polite Society". In Dorion Sagan (ed.). Lynn Margulis: the life and legacy of a scientific rebel (1 ed.). Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 54–67. Sapp, Jan (2012). "Horizontal Gene Transfer and the Tree of Life". In Joseph Seckbach (ed.). Genesis - In The Beginning . Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology 22 . Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 743–755. Sapp, Jan (2011). "Lamarckian Leaps in the Microbial World". In Snait Gissis and Eva Jablonka (ed.). Transformations of Lamarckism: from subtle fluids to molecular biology . Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. pp. 271–283. Sapp, J. (2010). "On the Origin of Symbiosis". In Joseph Seckbach and Martin Grube (ed.). Symbioses and Stress . Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology 17 . Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 3‒18. Sapp, J. (2010). "Saltational symbiosis". Theory in Biosciences 129 (2–3): 125–133. References. ^ "Jan Sapp". York University: Graduate Program in Biology . Retrieved 2013-02-14 . ^ Verner, Brent. "What Is Natural?: Jan Sapp". Oxford University Press . Retrieved 2013-02-14 . ^ Ailie Smith; Ann McCarthy (2010-07-27). "Provenance: Dr Jan Anthony Sapp". The University of Melbourne - Guide to the Records of Dr Jan Sapp Regarding the Briggs Affair . Retrieved 2013-02-14 . ^ a b c Symbioses and Stress: Joint Ventures in Biology . Joseph Seckbach (ed.). Springer. 2010-01-01. ^ Sévigny, Judith; Claire Deschênes; Monique Frize; Safaa Mohamed (2003-03-07). "Canada Research Chairs Compilation". Ottawa, Canada: Canada Research Chairs Secretariat. p. 36. ^ Byrnes, W. Malcolm (January–February 2010). by Jan Sapp" The New Foundations of Evolution "Review: . American Scientist . External links. Biography pages at York University: Department of Biology. WorldCat VIAF: 2547085 LCCN: n86088524. All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013 WorldHeritage articles with VIAF identifiers WorldHeritage articles with LCCN identifiers VIAF not on Wikidata 1954 births Canada Research Chairs Historians of science Living people York University faculty All stub articles Canadian scientist stubs Canadian historian stubs History of science stubs Geneticist and evolutionary biologist stubs. Help improve this article. About Us Privacy Policy Contact Us. Copyright © World Library Foundation. All rights reserved. eBooks from Project Gutenberg are sponsored by the World Library Foundation, a 501c(4) Member's Support Non-Profit Organization, and is NOT affiliated with any governmental agency or department. Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution: Concepts and Controversies. I remember finding the Science magazine with the illustrations from the Haemophilus influenzae genome paper on the cover ( Fleischmann et al., 1995) in the library during my undergraduate project work. It was an exciting time: in the molecular evolution class we had learned that most questions and controversies regarding microbial evolution and phylogeny could be answered, if only we had enough sequence data. A little over 10 years have passed since this first complete bacterial genome was published, and what have we learned in that time? This is where Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution: Concepts and Controversies tries to fit in. It is apparent that the main focus is on controversies: the book is heavily biased towards areas of dispute. About half of the chapters are devoted to lateral gene transfer and the possibility of a true phylogeny for microbes, and the other half are about the origin of eukaryotes and their organelles and the role of symbioses in the process. As a consequence, there is a lack of coverage of many new insights from microbial genomics. For example, the concept of gene loss in intracellular parasites and symbionts ( Ochman and Moran, 2001) is
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