DOCSLIB.ORG

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Raheel Sharif's Speeches

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Raheel Sharif's Speeches NARRATIVE OF COUNTER TERRORISM: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF RAHEEL SHARIF’S SPEECHES By AHMED BILAL KHALID NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES ISLAMABAD February, 2019 Narrative Of Counter Terrorism: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Raheel Sharif’s Speeches By AHMED BILAL KHALID B.S. Hons. English, National University Of Modern Languages Islamabad, 2015 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY In English To FACULTY OF LANGUAGES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES, ISLAMABAD Ahmed Bilal Khalid, 2019 ii NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES FACULTY OF LANGUAGES THESIS AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read the following thesis, examined the defense, are satisfied with the overall exam performance, and recommend the thesis to the Faculty of Languages for acceptance. Thesis Title: Narrative Of Counter Terrorism: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Raheel Sharif’s Speeches Submitted By: Ahmed Bilal Khalid Registration #:1151 MPhil/Eng/S16 Master of Philosophy Degree name in full English Linguistics Name of Discipline Dr. Muhammad Yousuf ______________________ Name of Research Supervisor Signature of Research Supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhammad Safeer Awan _______________________ Name of Dean (FoL) Signature of Dean (FoL) Brig. Muhammad Ibrahim ___________________________ Name of DG Signature of DG __________________________ Date iii CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I Ahmed Bilal Khalid Son of Naeem Khalid Registration # 1151 MPhil/Eng/S16 Discipline English Linguistics Candidate of Master of Philosophy at the National University of Modern Languages do hereby declare that the thesis Narrative Of Counter Terrorism: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Raheel Sharif’s Speeches submitted by me in partial fulfillment of MPhil degree, is my original work, and has not been submitted or published earlier. I also solemnly declare that it shall not, in future, be submitted by me for obtaining any other degree from this or any other university or institution. I also understand that if evidence of plagiarism is found in my thesis/dissertation at any stage, even after the award of a degree, the work may be cancelled and the degree revoked. _________________________ Signature of Candidate _________________________ Name of Candidate Date iv ABSTRACT Title: Narrative Of Counter-Terrorism: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Raheel Sharif’s Speeches. The most significant means that aids in engendering perspectives, ideologies, and agendas is the words of leadership. Speeches of leadership are of paramount importance in the formulation and representation of narratives and ideologies. Leaders use language to establish the ideological standing at the social level. The current study examines the speeches of General(R) Raheel Sharif through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The study engages the ‘Ideological Square Model (1998)’ to examine the narrative of counter terrorism. Eight speeches of Raheel Sharif from Post Army Public School (APS), Peshawar attack have been selected to analyze the narrative of counter terrorism communicated by him. The post-APS attack speeches were selected specifically because the country’s narrative to counter terrorism took a swift turn after the tragic incident of December, 2014. The study is qualitative in nature. The result of the study reveals that the language used by Raheel Sharif has a major role in forming the narrative of counter terrorism at the international canvas. Discursive tools such as polarization, actor description, comparison, authority, euphemism, evidentiality, victimization, vagueness etc, are underscored that were frequently used by General Raheel Sharif. The result of the research shows that the speaker has used actor description to show positive self-representation of his in-group members, and to differentiate the actions of in-group and out-group members. Finally, the study reveals how the narrative of counter terrorism was redefined in the speeches of Raheel Sharif. The study is unique in that no prior significant work has been done to investigate the narrative of counter terrorism through the speeches of military leadership. Moreover, it is an illustration for reference of the application of the ideological square model to the speeches of political and military leadership. v TABLE OF CONTENTS THESIS AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM………………..…………..ii CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION……………………………….………..iii ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….…iv TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………….…….…….v LIST OF TABLES…………………………………...................................xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………..…...…...xiii DEDICATION………………………………………………..…………..xiv 1.INTRODUCTION………………………………………..……………...1 1.1Statement of theProblem…………………………..……………....….....5 1.2 Research Questions……………………………………………...……...6 1.3 Research Objectives…………………………………………………….6 1.4 Delimitation…………………………………………………………….6 1.5 Significance of the study……………….…………………………........7 2.LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………….………...9 2.1 Language………………………………………………….…………....9 2.1.1 Distinction between Language and Speech…………………………..9 2.2 Discourse……………………………………………………..………..10 2.3 Narrative……………………………………………………..………...10 2.3.1 Narrative: An Instrument to Attain Political Objectives..…………...11 2.3.2 Narrative in Political Speeches……………………………………....11 2.4 Framing…………………………………………………………..…….16 2.5 Terrorism………………………………………………………..……..17 2.5.1 Counter-Terrorism Narrative………………………………………...19 2.5.2 Eastern versus Western Approaches to Counter-terrorism Narrative..21 2.6 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)……………………………………23 2.6.1 Van Dijk and the Spin of Language…………………………………24 vi 3.RESEARCH METHDOLOGY……………………………………….28 3.1 Nature of the Study…………………………………………………….28 3.2 Rationale for Topic Selection………………………………………….29 3.3 Methodology…………………………………………………………...30 3.4 Sampling……………………………………………………………….31 3.4.1 Criteria for Selection of Sampling…………......……………………31 3.4.2 Timeline for the Collection of Sampling………………..…….....…32 3.5 Procedure………………………………………………………………32 3.6 Theoretical Framework……………………………………………..… 33 3.7 Conclusion……………………………..……………………………... 36 4.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS…………………………….37 4.1. Analysis of Speech no.1…………………………………………….…37 1.Actor…......................................................................................................41 A. Positive Self-Representation…………………………………….....….42 B. Negative Presentation of Them……………………………………..…44 2.Authority:……………………………………………………….……….45 3.Victimization……………………………………………………………45 4.Evidentiality…………………………………………………………......46 5.Vagueness…………………………………………………………...…..46 6.Pre-Supposition………………………………………………….………47 7.Disclaimer……………………………………………………….………47 8.Polarization…………………………………………………………...…48 4.2 Analysis of Speech no.2…………………………………………….....49 1.Actor……………………………………………………………….........50 A. Positive Self-Representation………………………………………....50 B. Negative Presentation of Them…………………………………….....51 2.Categorization…………………………………………………..………..52 vii A. Peace and Terrorism……………………………………….…………52 3.Comparison…………………………………………………..………….53 A. Good vs Evil…………………………………………….…………...53 B. Youth vs Terrorists……………………………..…………................53 4.Authority…………………………………………………..…………….54 5.Victimization…………………………………………...……………….54 6.Evidentiality…………………………………………………………….55 7.Irony…………………………………………………………………….55 8.Euphemism……………………………………………………………...55 9.Presupposition…………………………………………………………..56 10.Polarization……………………………………………………………56 11.Implication…………………………………………………………….57 12.Vagueness……………………………………………………………..57 13.Disclaimer……………………………………………………………..57 4.3 Analysis of Speech No.3……………………………………………..59 1.Actor……………………………………………………………………62 A. Positive Self-Representation………………………………………...62 B. Negative Presentation of Them……………………..………………62 2.Authority………………………………………………………………..63 3.Evidentiality…………………………………………………………….63 4.Polarization……………………………………………………………..64 5.Categorization…………………………………………………………..65 6.Comparison……………………………………………………………..65 A. Cadets vs. Enemies………………………………………………….65 B. Good vs Evil………………………………………………………..65 4.4 Analysis of Speech no.4………………………………………………67 1.Actor…………………………………………………………………….67 viii A. Positive Self-Representation…………………………………………67 B. Negative Other Representation……………………………………......69 2.Generalizations………………………………………………………….69 3.Authority………………………………………………………………...69 4.Categorization…………………………………………………………...70 5.Evidentiality……………………………………………………………..70 6.Disclaimer………………………………………………….……………71 A. Martyrs and Veterans of War……………………………………..…..71 B. Military Operations………………………………………………......71 7.Euphemism………………………………………………….…………..71 8.Hyperbole…………………………………………………….………....72 9.Implication………………………………………………….…………..73 10.Pre-Supposition……………………………………………..….…...…73 11.Polarization…………………………………………………...………..74 12.Irony……………….………………………………………………...…74 13.Victimization……...…………………………………………………...74 14.Vagueness………..……………………………………………….……74 4.5Analysis of Speech no. 5………..……………….……………….……76 1.Actor……………………………………………….……………………76 A. Positive Self-Representation………………….…………………......77 B. Negative Presentation of Them……………...………………………..77 2.Authority………………………………………….…………………….78 3.Evidentiality……………………………………….……………………78 4.Victimization……………………………………….……….…………..78 5.Irony………………………………………………….…………………79 6.Euphemism…………………………………………….……………….79 7.Disclaimer……………………………………………….……………...80 ix 8.Hyperbole……………………………………………….………………80 9.Pre-Supposition………………………………………….……………...80 10.Polarization……………………………………………………………80 11.Implication…………………………………………………………….81 12.Comparison…………………………………………....………………81
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Why Pakistan's Army Stands to Gain from Political Turmoil
    East Asia Forum Economics, Politics and Public Policy in East Asia and the Pacific http://www.eastasiaforum.org Why Pakistan’s army stands to gain from political turmoil 18th September, 2014 Author: Vivek Kumar Srivastava, CSJM University The political turmoil in Pakistan is approaching a decisive point. The ongoing protests led by Imran Khan and Tahir-ul-Qadri against Nawaz Sharif’s government have the potential to develop into a clash between democracy and the military. Already the crisis has given the Pakistani army greater political leverage. Historically, the army has played a crucial role in Pakistani politics: it has held political power four times since independence; and when not in power the army has continued to have a major say in the political decision making process, particularly in the domain of foreign policy. The political leadership in Pakistan has learnt this hard fact but Sharif seems to have wilfully forgotten. Sharif would do well to remember that in 1992 Benazir Bhutto undertook a similar type of ‘long march politics’ (army-assisted regime change) and Sharif lost power the very next year, and in 1999 the army was once again responsible for his departure from the post of prime minister. While accusations of electoral fraud were the immediate trigger for the current crisis, the political situation in Pakistan started to decline following Sharif’s visit to India to participate in the oath taking ceremony of Narendra Modi. The army is critical of Sharif’s friendly attitude towards Modi. Army and political executive interaction on Pakistan–India relations are critical to political stability in Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Embassy Newsletter November 2015
    Embassy Newsletter November 2015 MESSAGE FROM AMBASSADOR JILANI AMBASSADOR JALIL ABBAS JILANI 2015 has been a year of active diplomacy, we witnessed PRESENTS HIS CREDENTIALS TO multiple high level engagements here in Washington THE GOVERNOR GENERAL OF DC and in Islamabad, with both sides giving their best BAHAMAS to promote an enduring partnership based on mutual respect. The high level and regular interactions were instrumental in understanding each other's perspective on regional and international issues and further developing convergences. Wide-ranging discussions were held on sustaining and further building the momentum in bilateral cooperation and advancing shared interests, in the fields of Pakistan’s economic growth, energy, increased trade and investment, nuclear security, cooperation in promotingsecurity, law cooperation and order in promotingby addressing the menace of extremism and working together for regional stability. I would like to take this opportunity to thank our interlocutors on the US side for their support and look forward to future discussions on improving market access for Pakistani exports and enhancing bilateral trade. We are also excited about the prospects for increased foreign Ambassador Jilani presenting his credentials to Her Excellency investment and will continue to educate the world about the huge potential and Marguerite Pindling, Governor General of the Commonwealth opportunities that exist within our borders. of the Bahamas as non-resident High Commissioner Pakistan remains steadfast in promoting peace and stability in the region. Our all H.E. Mr. Jalil Abbas Jilani presented his credentials encompassing and indiscriminate counter-terrorism operations, under the umbrella of to Her Excellency Marguerite Pindling, Governor National Action Plan, have been instrumental in eliminating the terrorist networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Watch No
    Pakistan watch No. 65 April 2016 POLITICAL ISSUES IRAN 1. Iranian President Rouhani paid his maiden visit to Pakistan Islamabad, Friday, 25 March 2016 During his first visit to Pakistan as president of Iran Hassan Rouhani headed a high- ranking delegation to deliberate over economic, energy and security issues. The two-day visit from 25 March to 26 March witnessed signing of six Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) on multiple areas including health, commerce, finance and foreign services. Source: Associated Press of Pakistan, Islamabad http://www.app.com.pk/pakistan-iran-sign-six-mous-to-strengthen-bilateral-cooperation/ See also: Dawn, Karachi http://www.dawn.com/news/1247467 See also: Daily Times, Lahore http://dailytimes.com.pk/pakistan/24-Mar-16/iranian-president-to-visit-pakistan-on-march- 25 See also: The Nation, Lahore http://nation.com.pk/columns/29-Mar-2016/iranian-president-s-visit-to-pakistan See also: The News International, Karachi http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/380423/rouhani-s-visit-an-opportunity-for- pakistan/ See also: Business Recorder, Karachi http://www.brecorder.com/top-stories/0:/29025:rouhani-making-first-visit-to-pakistan- government-embraces-post-sanctions-iran-warmly/ 2. RAW’s alleged involvement in Baluchistan discussed during Iranian President’s meeting with Pakistan’s Army Chief; claim denied by Iran Islamabad, Saturday, 26 March 2016 Transcript of General Raheel Sharif’s meeting with the Iranian president shared by Director General of Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) Lt. Gen. Asim Bajwa revealed that Army Chief Raheel Sharif discussed the alleged role of India’s intelligence agency Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) in Pakistan’s internal affairs particularly in Baluchistan and urged Rouhani to intermediate but the latter denied the claim.
    [Show full text]
  • PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST a Selected Summary of News, Views and Trends from Pakistani Media
    April 2015 PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST A Selected Summary of News, Views and Trends from Pakistani Media Prepared by YaqoobulHassan and Shreyas Deshmukh (Interns, Pakistan Project, IDSA) PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST APRIL 2015 A Select Summary of News, Views and Trends from the Pakistani Media Prepared by Yaqoob ul Hassan (Pakistan Project, IDSA) INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES AND ANALYSES 1-Development Enclave, Near USI Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi-110010 Pakistan News Digest, April 2015 PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST, APRIL 2015 CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................. 0 ABBRIVATIONS ............................................................................................. 2 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS .......................................................................... 3 PROVINCIAL POLITICS ................................................................................ 3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................ 7 FOREIGN POLICY ...............................................................................................11 MILITARY AFFAIRS ...........................................................................................18 EDITORIALS AND OPINIONS ........................................................................21 ECONOMIC ISSUES ...........................................................................................31 FISCAL ISSUES ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan's Army
    Pakistan’s Army: New Chief, traditional institutional interests Introduction A year after speculation about the names of those in the race for selection as the new Army Chief of Pakistan began, General Qamar Bajwa eventually took charge as Pakistan's 16th Chief of Army Staff on 29th of November 2016, succeeding General Raheel Sharif. Ordinarily, such appointments in the defence services of countries do not generate much attention, but the opposite holds true for Pakistan. Why this is so is evident from the popular aphorism, "while every country has an army, the Pakistani Army has a country". In Pakistan, the army has a history of overshadowing political landscape - the democratically elected civilian government in reality has very limited authority or control over critical matters of national importance such as foreign policy and security. A historical background The military in Pakistan is not merely a human resource to guard the country against the enemy but has political wallop and opinions. To know more about the power that the army enjoys in Pakistan, it is necessary to examine the times when Pakistan came into existence in 1947. In 1947, both India and Pakistan were carved out of the British Empire. India became a democracy whereas Pakistan witnessed several military rulers and still continues to suffer from a severe civil- military imbalance even after 70 years of its birth. During India’s war of Independence, the British primarily recruited people from the Northwest of undivided India which post partition became Pakistan. It is noteworthy that the majority of the people recruited in the Pakistan Army during that period were from the Punjab martial races.
    [Show full text]
  • Jago Pakistan Wake Up, Pakistan
    Members of The Century Foundation International Working Group on Pakistan Pakistan Jago Thomas R. Pickering Working Group Chair Jean-Marie Guéhenno President, Vice Chairman, Hills and Company; former U.S. International Crisis Group Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Nobuaki Tanaka Former Japanese Robert P. Finn Principal Investigator Ambassador to Turkey and Pakistan Non-Resident Fellow, Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, Princeton University; Ann Wilkens Former Chair, Swedish Pakistan Up, Wake former U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Committee for Afghanistan; former Swedish Ambassador to Pakistan and Afghanistan Michael Wahid Hanna Principal Investigator Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation Pakistan Mosharraf Zaidi Principal Investigator Tariq Banuri Professor in the Departments Campaign Director, Alif Ailaan of Economics and City and Metropolitan United States Planning at the University of Utah Steve Coll Dean, Columbia University Graduate Imtiaz Gul Executive Director, Center for School of Journalism Research and Security Studies Cameron Munter Professor of Practice in Ishrat Husain Dean and Director of the International Relations, Pomona College; Institute of Business Administration, Karachi former U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan Jago Asma Jahangir Advocate of the Supreme Barnett Rubin Senior Fellow and Associate Court of Pakistan; Chairperson, Human Director, Afghanistan Pakistan Regional Rights Commission of Pakistan Program, New York University Center on International Cooperation; former Senior Riaz Khohkar Former
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia and Pakistan - Strategic Alliance
    Herzliya Conference Papers. Saudi Arabia and Pakistan - strategic alliance Shaul shay April 2018 Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have long maintained a strong strategic relationship. The Saudi-Pakistani relationship is a vast and dynamic web of cooperative linkages, age-old bonds of friendship. 1 The two countries work together extensively at the international level, within the framework of several bilateral, regional and global organizations including the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).2 Saudi Arabia is the biggest exporter of oil and petroleum products to Pakistan, while Saudi Arabia has been a key market for Pakistani goods and services. 3 Saudi Arabia, which hosts 1.9 million Pakistanis, tops the list of countries with highest remittances to Pakistan over $4.5 billion annually.4 Pakistan has traditionally maintained that its bilateral relationship with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is its most important diplomatic relationship. 5 According to the annual GFP (Global Fire Power) review, Pakistan is currently ranked 13 out of 133 countries on the list of military strength.6 With one of the largest armies in the world and as the only declared nuclear power in the Muslim world, Pakistan has maintained a unique position and works closely with Saudi Arabia. Pakistani military personnel frequently serve in Saudi Arabia and its last army chief, General Raheel Sharif, now heads an Islamic army coalition based out of Riyadh.7 The Pakistani Inter-Services Public Relations agency said on February 17, 2018, that a contingent of troops will be stationed in Saudi Arabia on a “training and advisory mission.”8 The announcement followed a meeting between Saudi Arabia's Ambassador, Nawaf Saeed Al-Maliki, and Pakistan Army Chief Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa at General Headquarters Rawalpindi.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle for Pakistan
    ebooksall.com ebooksall.com ebooksall.com SHUJA NAWAZ THE BATTLE F OR PAKISTAN The Bitter US Friendship and a Tough Neighbourhood PENGUIN BOOKS ebooksall.com Contents Important Milestones 2007–19 Abbreviations and Acronyms Preface: Salvaging a Misalliance 1. The Revenge of Democracy? 2. Friends or Frenemies? 3. 2011: A Most Horrible Year! 4. From Tora Bora to Pathan Gali 5. Internal Battles 6. Salala: Anatomy of a Failed Alliance 7. Mismanaging the Civil–Military Relationship 8. US Aid: Leverage or a Trap? 9. Mil-to-Mil Relations: Do More 10. Standing in the Right Corner 11. Transforming the Pakistan Army 12. Pakistan’s Military Dilemma 13. Choices Footnotes Important Milestones 2007–19 Preface: Salvaging a Misalliance 1. The Revenge of Democracy? 2. Friends or Frenemies? 3. 2011: A Most Horrible Year! 4. From Tora Bora to Pathan Gali 5. Internal Battles 6. Salala: Anatomy of a Failed Alliance 7. Mismanaging the Civil–Military Relationship 8. US Aid: Leverage or a Trap? 9. Mil-to-Mil Relations: Do More 10. Standing in the Right Corner 11. Transforming the Pakistan Army 12. Pakistan’s Military Dilemma 13. Choices Select Bibliography ebooksall.com Acknowledgements Follow Penguin Copyright ebooksall.com Advance Praise for the Book ‘An intriguing, comprehensive and compassionate analysis of the dysfunctional relationship between the United States and Pakistan by the premier expert on the Pakistan Army. Shuja Nawaz exposes the misconceptions and contradictions on both sides of one of the most crucial bilateral relations in the world’ —BRUCE RIEDEL, senior fellow and director of the Brookings Intelligence Project, and author of Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of the Global Jihad ‘A superb, thoroughly researched account of the complex dynamics that have defined the internal and external realities of Pakistan over the past dozen years.
    [Show full text]
  • PERSONS • of the YEAR • Muslimthe 500 the WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2018 •
    PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • MuslimThe 500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2018 • MuslimThe 500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2018 • C The Muslim 500: 2018 Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer The World’s 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2018 Deputy Chief Editor: Ms Farah El-Sharif ISBN: 978-9957-635-14-5 Contributing Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary Editor-at-Large: Mr Aftab Ahmed Jordan National Library Deposit No: 2017/10/5597 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour © 2017 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, PO BOX 950361 Zeinab Asfour, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN http://www.rissc.jo Consultant: Simon Hart All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced Typeset by: M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or me- chanic, including photocopying or recording or by any in- formation storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily re- flect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courtesy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi • Contents • page 1 Introduction 5 Persons of the Year—2018 7 Influence and The Muslim 500 9 The House of Islam 21 The Top 50 89 Honourable Mentions 97 The 450 Lists 99 Scholarly
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Visions and the Making of an Islamabad- Beijing-Riyadh Triangle: Assessing Saudi Arabia’S Role in The
    58 Dirasat Economic Visions and the Making of an Islamabad- Beijing-Riyadh Triangle: Assessing Saudi Arabia’s Role in the Dhul Hijjah, 1441 - August 2020 China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Eram Ashraf Economic Visions and the Making of an Islamabad- Beijing-Riyadh Triangle: Assessing Saudi Arabia’s Role in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Eram Ashraf © King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, 2020 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ashraf, Eram Economic Visions and the Making of an Islamabad- Beijing-Riyadh Triangle: Assessing Saudi Arabia’s Role in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor . / Ashraf, Eram - Riyadh, 2020 52 p ; 23 x 16.5 cm ISBN: 978-603-8268-58-2 1- Saudi Arabia - Economic policy I-Title 338 dc 1441/12850 L.D. no. 1441/12850 ISBN: 978-603-8268-58-2 Table of Contents Introduction 6 1. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor 8 1.1 Gwadar 11 2. Saudi-Pakistani Relations and CPEC 22 3. Saudi Arabia, China, and Energy Relations 32 4. Saudi Arabia’s Regional Partner (India), Competitor (Iran) and CPEC 35 4.1 India 35 4.2 Iran 40 Conclusion 45 5 6 Dirasat No. 58 Dhul Hijjah, 1441 - August 2020 Introduction In 2018, the Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Imran Khan, invited the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to join the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a third strategic partner.(1) The inclusion of Saudi Arabia in what was meant to be a set of bilateral trade agreements between China and Pakistan (hence the name China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) is intriguing.
    [Show full text]
  • Tamil Tigers
    SPRING 2017 A CASE OF TIGERS AND TALIBANS A Case of Tigers and Talibans: The Applicability of the Sri Lankan Counterinsurgency Model in Pakistan’s Insurgent War Sarmad Ishfaq Abstract: The aim of the paper is to ascertain whether it is practical for Pakistan to apply the Sri Lankan COIN (Counterinsurgency) Model against its primary insurgent group – Tehreek e Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Initially, the paper highlights the characteristics adopted in the Sri Lankan Model that was used successfully against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) or Tamil Tigers. The paper then critically analyses whether Pakistan should reproduce the Sri Lankan Model by taking into consideration both countries’, and especially Pakistan’s, local, regional and global environment; kind of insurgency threat; and the politics and capability of the armed forces. After analysis it becomes evident that due to differences and intricacies in both countries’ scenarios, environments and insurgencies, it is simplistic to state that Pakistan should completely copy the Sri Lankan modus operandi. However, the paper does suggest that there are some caveats and takeaways that need to be appreciated and applied from the Sri Lankan experience. It is concluded that Pakistan continue its successful Zarb e Azb Operation, learn the relevant lessons from the Sri Lankan example, and create a “Pakistani Model” that takes the country’s own needs and environment into account. Acknowledgments This paper is dedicated to Pakistan, its proud people, and brave Armed Forces who have endured and always will in the toughest of times. I would like to thank God for His unquantifiable support and innumerable blessings, both tangible and intangible.
    [Show full text]
  • India–Pakistan Relations: Does Modi Matter?
    Frederic Grare India–Pakistan Relations: Does Modi Matter? As the new Indian government has settled in, what will happen to its relations with Pakistan? While some take comfort in the idea that the strong nationalist credentials of the new Prime Minister could facilitate a peace agreement with Pakistan, others argue that the risk of communal violence created by the Hindutva ideology1 of the new government could be a potential impediment to better India–Pakistan relations. But the evolution of the bilateral relationship is unlikely to depend on either of these considerations; it is also unlikely to depend primarily on New Delhi. Narendra Modi’s decision to invite his Pakistani counterpart, Nawaz Sharif, to his May 26, 2014, swearing-in ceremony, along with all the other heads of state or government from the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), was considered a positive gesture on both sides of the border. The meeting between the two Prime Ministers was cordial and frank but—to no one’s surprise—not groundbreaking. However, the two countries have already interpreted this early meeting differently. The Indian side viewed it as a signal that New Delhi was open to resetting relations, but on its own terms, most of which have to do with preventing terrorist attacks from originating in Pakistan or with Pakistani support. By inviting the leaders of all South Asian countries to his swearing-in ceremony, Modi undoubtedly seized the initiative. There is, however, little he can or is probably willing to do unless Pakistan clarifies its own position on the terrorism issue.
    [Show full text]