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Tesis Maerstría

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Tesis Maerstría ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO TITULO DE LA TESIS PROXY GNU/LINUX EN LA INTRANET DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AUTOR ROGEL ALFREDO MIGUEZ PAREDES. Tesis presentada ante la Escuela de Postgrado y Educación Contínua de la ESPOCH, como requisito parcial para la obtención del grado de Magister en Interconectividad de Redes. Riobamba Ecuador 2012 ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO CERTIFICACIÓN: El Tribunal de Tesis certifica que: REDUNDANCIA PARA SERVIDORES PROXY GNU/LINUX EN LA INTRANET DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ingeniero ROGEL ALFREDO MIGUEZ PAREDES ha sido prolijamente revisado y se autoriza su presentación. TRIBUNAL DE TESIS: Dr. Juan Vargas Guambo PRESIDENTE ..................................... Ing. Ms.C. Diego Ávila TUTOR ..................................... Ing. Ms.C. Danilo Pastor MIEMBRO ..................................... Ing. Ms.C. Gloria Arcos MIEMBRO ..................................... DERECHOS DE AUTORÍA Yo, Rogel Alfredo Miguez Paredes, soy responsable de las ideas, doctrinas y resultados expuestos en esta Tesis; y el patrimonio intelectual de la Tesis de Grado pertenece a la ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO. Ing. Rogel Alfredo Miguez Paredes iii PORTADA APROBACIÓN DEL DOCUMENTO ÍNDICE LISTA DE TABLAS LISTA DE FIGURAS DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTO RESUMEN SUMMARY CAPITULO I..............................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................................1 1.1. IMPORTANCIA .............................................................................................................1 1.2. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL TEMA .........................................................................................2 1.2.1. JUSTIFICACIÓN TEÓRICA .......................................................................................2 1.2.2. JUSTIFICACIÓN PRÁCTICA .....................................................................................3 1.3. OBJETIVOS..................................................................................................................4 1.3.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL ...............................................................................................4 1.3.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ......................................................................................4 1.4. HIPÓTESIS...................................................................................................................4 CAPITULO II.............................................................................................................................5 REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA ....................................................................................................5 2. DEFINICIONES.................................................................................................................5 2.1. SISTEMA OPERATIVO .................................................................................................5 2.2. SISTEMA OPERATIVO GNU/LINUX .............................................................................5 2.3. DISTRIBUCIÓN LINUX .................................................................................................6 2.4. SERVIDOR ...................................................................................................................6 2.5. DISTRIBUCIONES SERVIDOR GNU/LINUX .................................................................6 2.6. CLÚSTER ...................................................................................................................12 2.7. GRANJA DE SERVIDORES........................................................................................14 2.8. SERVICIO...................................................................................................................15 2.9. SERVIDOR PROXY ....................................................................................................15 2.10. SERVIDORES PROXY............................................................................................16 2.11. INFRAESTRUCTURA..............................................................................................18 2.12. TOPOLOGÍA DE RED .............................................................................................18 2.13. DISPONIBILIDAD....................................................................................................18 2.14. SPOF ......................................................................................................................19 2.15. REDUNDANCIA ......................................................................................................20 iv 2.16. CLASIFICACIÓN DE REDUNDANCIA.....................................................................20 2.17. HERRAMIENTAS DE REDUNDANCIA DE ALTA DISPONIBILIDAD........................21 2.18. DINÁMICA DE ALTA DISPONIBILIDAD...................................................................22 2.19. TOLERANCIA A FALLOS ........................................................................................23 2.20. HEARTBEAT...........................................................................................................23 2.20.1 FUNCIONAMIENTO ................................................................................................24 2.20.2. ARQUITECTURA ....................................................................................................26 2.20.3. ARQUITECTURA POR CAPAS ...............................................................................27 2.20.4. CONFIGURACIÓN ..................................................................................................31 CAPITULO III..........................................................................................................................36 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ...................................................................................................36 3.1. TIPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN.........................................................................................36 3.2 DISEÑO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN...............................................................................36 3.3. MÉTODOS.................................................................................................................37 3.4. TÉCNICAS Y FUENTES DE RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS...........................................38 3.5. INSTRUMENTOS........................................................................................................39 3.6. OPERACIONALIZACIÓN DE LAS VARIABLES...........................................................40 3.6.1. OPERACIONALIZACIÓN CONCEPTUAL................................................................40 3.6.2. OPERACIONALIZACIÓN METODOLÓGICA ...........................................................41 3.6.2.1. OPERACIONALIZACIÓN METODOLÓGICA VARIABLE INDEPENDIENTE. .......41 3.6.2.2. OPERACIONALIZACIÓN METODOLÓGICA VARIABLE DEPENDIENTE............41 3.7. POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA ..........................................................................................42 3.8. RECURSOS................................................................................................................43 3.8.1. RECURSOS HUMANOS. ........................................................................................43 3.8.2. RECURSOS MATERIALES .....................................................................................43 3.8.3. RECURSOS TECNOLÓGICOS ...............................................................................44 3.9. PROCEDIMIENTOS GENERALES..............................................................................44 3.10. AMBIENTES DE PRUEBA.......................................................................................45 3.10.1. INFRAESTRUCTURA ACTUAL (SIN REDUNDANCIA)............................................46 3.10.2. INFRAESTRUCTURA DE REDUNDANCIA .............................................................47 3.10.2.1. PRUEBAS ...........................................................................................................48 3.10.2.2. SIMULACIONES DE FALLOS..............................................................................49 CAPITULO IV .........................................................................................................................50 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN................................................................................................50 4.1. DESARROLLO DE LA INFRAESTRUCTURA DE REDUNDANCIA PARA LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS......................................................................................................50 4.2. ANÁLISIS SITUACIONAL DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ......................................51 4.2.1. ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS.............................................................................51 4.2.2. MISIÓN ...................................................................................................................51 v 4.2.3. VISIÓN....................................................................................................................51 4.2.4. ESTRUCTURA ........................................................................................................51 4.2.5. COMUNIDAD DE USUARIOS..................................................................................52 4.2.6. ACCESIBILIDAD DEL INTERNET ...........................................................................52
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