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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture Volume 9, Number 2, February 2015 (Serial Number 87) David Publishing David Publishing Company www.davidpublishing.com Publication Information: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture is published monthly in hard copy (ISSN 1934-7359) and online (ISSN 1934-7367) by David Publishing Company located at 240 Nagle Avenue #15C, New York, NY 10034, USA. Aims and Scope: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, a monthly professional academic journal, covers all sorts of researches on structure engineering, geotechnical engineering, underground engineering, engineering management, etc. as well as other issues. Editorial Board Members: Dr. Tamer A. El Maaddawy (Canada), Prof. San-Shyan Lin (China Taiwan), Dr. Songbai Cai (China), Prof. Vladimir Patrcevic (Croatia), Dr. Sherif Ahmed Ali Sheta (Egypt), Prof. Nasamat Abdel Kader (Egypt), Prof. Mohamed Al-Gharieb Sakr (Egypt), Prof. Olga Popovic Larsen (Denmark), Prof. George C. Manos (Greece), Dr. Konstantinos Giannakos (Greece), Pakwai Chan (Hong Kong), Chiara Vernizzi (Italy), Prof. Michele Maugeri (Italy), Dr. Giovanna Vessia (Italy), Prof. Valentina Zileska-Pancovska (Macedonia), Dr. J. Jayaprakash (Malaysia), Mr. Fathollah Sajedi (Malaysia), Prof. Nathaniel Anny Aniekwu (Nigeria), Dr. Marta Słowik (Poland), Dr. Rafael Aguilar (Portugal), Dr. Moataz A. S. Badawi (Saudi Arabia), Prof. David Chua Kim Huat (Singapore), Dr. Ming An (UK), Prof. Ahmed Elseragy (UK), Prof. Jamal Khatib (UK), Dr. John Kinuthia (UK), Dr. Johnnie Ben-Edigbe (UK), Dr. Yail Jimmy Kim (USA), Dr. Muang Seniwongse (USA), Prof. Xiaoduan Sun (USA), Dr. Zihan Yan (USA), Dr. Tadeh Zirakian (USA). Manuscripts can be submitted via Web Submission, or e-mailed to [email protected] or [email protected]. Submission guidelines and Web Submission System are available at http://www.davidpublishing.com, www.davidpublishing.org. Editorial Office: 240 Nagle Avenue #15C, New York, NY 10034, USA Tel: 1-323-984-7526, 323-410-1082 Fax: 1-323-984-7374, 323-908-0457 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Copyright©2015 by David Publishing Company and individual contributors. All rights reserved. David Publishing Company holds the exclusive copyright of all the contents of this journal. In accordance with the international convention, no part of this journal may be reproduced or transmitted by any media or publishing organs (including various websites) without the written permission of the copyright holder. Otherwise, any conduct would be considered as the violation of the copyright. The contents of this journal are available for any citation. However, all the citations should be clearly indicated with the title of this journal, serial number and the name of the author. Abstracted/Indexed in: Cambridge Science Abstracts (CSA) Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory Chinese Database of CEPS, Airiti Inc. & OCLC Summon Serials Solutions, USA China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Turkish Education Index Google Scholar ProQuest, USA J-Gate Subscription Information: $640/year (print) $380/year (online) $700/year (print and online) David Publishing Company 240 Nagle Avenue #15C, New York, NY 10034, USA Tel: 1-323-984-7526, 323-410-1082 Fax: 1-323-984-7374, 323-908-0457 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Digital Cooperative Company: www.bookan.com.cn D DAVID PUBLISHING David Publishing Company www.davidpublishing.com Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture Volume 9, Number 2, February 2015 (Serial Number 87) Contents Architectural Research 121 Ambient Robotics for Meaningful Life of the Elderly Joohyun Chung 130 Xenia Hotels in Greece: A Holistic Approach to Modern Cultural Heritage Zoe Georgiadou, Dionisia Frangou and Dimitris Marnellos 141 Offsite Manufacturing: A Survey on the Current Status and Risks of Offsite Construction in Iran Arman Hashemi 153 Embodied Energy and CO2 Associated with Buildings by Using Input and Output Table in Japan Noriyoshi Yokoo, Tatsuo Oka, Keizo Yokoyama, Takao Sawachi and Makoto Yamamoto 165 Ornaments as Means of Efficient Reinforcement in Heritage Buildings Randa Hassan Mohamed and Abdu Wahab El-Khady 179 Assessment and Guidelines to Improve Eco-efficiency and Indoor Comfort at University of Passo Fundo, Brazil Marcos Antonio Leite Frandoloso and Luciana Londero Brandli 188 A Review: Investigation of Bioplastics Ezgi Bezirhan Arikan and Havva Duygu Ozsoy Structural Research 193 Strength of Wall-Slab Junction with New Form of Shear Reinforcement in a Laterally Loaded Tall Shear Wall Building Abdul Aziz Ansari, Muhammad Aslam Bhutto, Nadeem-ul-Karim Bhatti and Rafique Ahmed Memon 207 Bonding Characteristics and Flexural Stiffening Effect of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics Strand Sheets Bonded to Steel Beams Masatsugu Nagai, Yuya Hidekuma, Takeshi Miyashita, Yusuke Okuyama, Akiya Kudo and Akira Kobayashi 213 Introduction of a Japan Concrete Institute Guideline: Practical Guideline for Investigation, Repair and Strengthening of Cracked Concrete Structures Nobuaki Otsuki, Akiyuki Shimizu and Toshiro Kamada Transportation Research 225 Trends and Causes of Traffic Accidents in Dubai Akmal Abdelfatah, Mohamed Saif Al-Zaffin and Waleed Hijazi 232 Analytical Method for 3-D Stopping Sight Distance Adequacy Investigation Fotis S. Mertzanis, Antonis Boutsakis, Ikaros-Georgios Kaparakis, Stergios Mavromatis and Basil Psarianos Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 9 (2015) 121-129 doi: 10.17265/1934-7359/2015.02.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING Ambient Robotics for Meaningful Life of the Elderly Joohyun Chung Architectural Department, Seoul National University, Seoul 426-812, Korea Abstract: It is innovative if people can be free from aged body and continue their career with assistance of robotics. It is supposed to see the change soon as smart phone changed life style. This research aims to figure out the direction of this change, development in technique for elders. It also studies various theories to justify various methods for ambient assistance robotic design for elders. In the long life expectancy world, this design will enhance the life quality of elders and encourage young people get pride in their own job, because their career will continue and it deserves to invest all their energy and sincerity in a specific area. As ambient robotics are a design for elders’ adjacent assistive design and part of everyday, it is related with quality of elders’ life. Some theories are cited for the importance of meaningful life. Meaningfulness is regarded as the fundamental goal of design purpose, because meaning stands upon the concept of human being and its consciousness activity. Phenomenological background of this research is introduced. It can be suggested in field observation to get real stories containing meanings and essence of life of elders. In conclusion, this study is a beginning of long process to prepare aging society with technique as well as perspective to see elders as valuable work force. Key words: Aging society, meaningful life, phenomenology, ambient robotics. 1. Introduction for but also ones to live meaningfully and continue their career. It is not only the matter of self-realization We call aging society if the aging index is 7%. And and to keep human dignity, but also important human 14% is for the aged society. resources exclusion from society. Table 1 shows the ratio of the old over 65 years old In other aspects, elders who accumulated experience compared to the young under 14 years old. Some and wisdom should be used in society. Elders are a European and American countries began aging society group in a society who are usually retired from jobs early like 19th century and it took over a century or and have long experience as a social member. decades from aging society to aged one. But Japan and According to WHO (World Hospital Organization), Korea has the problem of shorter duration like 7 years people retire usually around between 50 and 60, and and 12 years. World is aging and soon become aged, life expectancy is 80 years. It means that they have but it is doubtful if aged people can contribute to the over 30 years’ experience and still around 20 years’ society and have proper self-respect. About life. It is regretful to hoard human resource uselessly employment ratio of age between 55 and 64 in leading for individual and for society. countries of the world shows 60% or 70%. A controversy about employment competition with If a man leaves his workplace around 50, it means the younger generation can happen. It is another that he is far away from society over 20 or 30 years. It challenge if the elderly still demonstrate their is so undesirable that someday he will be resigned and capability in the practical field, therefore, it should be his career will be stopped. It can be applied to various investigated in another paper. In this research, mainly careers, too. We work for 30 or 40 years and remain as the stance of elderly will get attention. a retiree for almost same years. The object of this study is to investigate the This work regards the elderly not only beings to care direction of the innovative development ambient Corresponding author: Joohyun Chung, Dr., research fields: robotic design process for the elderly upon architectural planning and theory. E-mail: phenomenological perspective. This objectivity will [email protected]. 122 Ambient Robotics for Meaningful Life of the Elderly Table 1 Future population
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