Future Issues, a Challenge for Everyone Klaus Ammann Guest Professor at the Delft University of Technology

Future issues, a challenge for everyone Klaus Ammann Guest Professor at the Delft University of Technology

Future Issues, a challenge for everyone Leucospermum praecox, Cape Town, 2003

Leucospermum praecox, Cape, 2003 Leucospermum praecox, Cape Town, 2003

Leucospermum praecox, Cape, 2003 Protea cynaroides, King Protea Cape 2003

Protea cynaroides King Protea Cape 2003 Protea cynaroides, King Protea Cape 2003

Protea cynaroides King Protea Cape 2003 Pulsatilla rubra, Rhône Fr

Pulsatilla rubra Rhône, France Aquilegia alpina, Alpen-Akelei, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, 1991

Aquilegia alpina, Bernese Oberland, CH Gentiana brachystachis, Gornergrat, Zermatt, Wallis, Switzerland 1998

Gentiana brachystachys Gornergrat, Zermatt, Wallis Switzerland, 1998 Alchemilla alpina, Schynige Platte, Swiss Alps, 1999 Cnemidaria horrida, Pteridophyta, Blue Mountains, Jamaica 1992

Cnemidaria horrida, Pteridophyta, Jamaica I think true gardening roots always in admiration of beauty in creation Aeonium tabuliforme, Teno Mountains, Tenerife, Canary Islands Hans Kayser Harmonia Plantarum Paestum, Southern Italy, Neptun Temple http://www.molgen.mpg.de/~spang/christina/ Archaic doric temple, contructed ca. 460 BC

Paestum, Neptun Temple Snow Flakes http://hanskayser.com/EZ/kayser2/kayser2/index.php

Snow Flakes Self-Similar Structure (Fractal)

universe-review.ca/R10-35-metabolic.htm

Hans Kayser, harmonic analysis of plant bifurcations Verzweigungs-Systeme aus Harmonia Plantarum Program FernX1.bas '------fern ------CLEAR BackColor 33 CLS DIM a(4),b(4),c(4),d(4),e(4),f(4),p(4) a(1)=0:a(2)=.85:a(3)=.2:a(4)=-.15 b(1)=0:b(2)=.04:b(3)=-.26:b(4)=.28 c(1)=0:c(2)=-.04:c(3)=.23:c(4)=.26 d(1)=.16:d(2)=.85:d(3)=.22:d(4)=.24 e(1)=0:e(2)=0:e(3)=0:e(4)=0 f(1)=0:f(2)=1.6:f(3)=1.6:f(4)=.44 x=0: y=0: numits = 30000 ForeColor 355 FOR n=1 TO numits k = INT(4*RND-.00001)+1 xx=a(k)*x+b(k)*y+e(k) yy=c(k)*x+d(k)*y+f(k) x=xx: y=yy IF n > 10 THEN PSET(100+50*y,200-50*x) IF INKEY$ <>"" THEN esc NEXT n esc:

http://www.bmeijer.com/software/fractal_generator/index.html This fractal system was first explored by Michael Barnsley www.bioquest.org/esteem/esteem_details.php?pr... at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the 1980s

The construction formula 1. Generation

2. Generation

3. Generation

4. Generation 12. Generation Construction of Barnsley Ferns Fraktal Fern of Barnsley Blumenkohl Erodium cicutarium Coring device Wallis, Lötschberg Südrampe Switzerland

Erodium cicutarium Reiherschnabel: Samen als Borer Mattick, J.S. (2004) The hidden genetic program of complex organisms. Scientific American, 291, 4, pp 60-67

http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Genomics/Mattick-Genome-Complexity-2004.pdf Traditional View of Gene Activity Mattick, J.S. (2004) The hidden genetic program of complex organisms. Scientific American, 291, 4, pp 60-67

http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Genomics/Mattick-Genome-Complexity-2004.pdf New View of Gene Activity Ophrys scolopax Orchidaceae Foto K. Ammann Ophrys tenthredinifera Pollination wiki.cotch.net/index.php/Orchid_flowers

Ragwurz-Blüte Erich Nelson: Ophyrys bertolonii, compact speculum: highly evolved

Ophrys bertolonii with compact speculum evolved Eric Nelson: Ophrys holosericea with H-shaped speculum: ancestral

Ophrys holosericea-complex with H-shaped speculum ancestral Some of the basic questions in the philosophy of gardens are connected to the meaning of gardens referring to idea, space and action.

Basic questions of the philosophy of gardens: IDEA, SPACE, ACTION Some of the basic questions in the philosophy of gardens are connected to the meaning of gardens referring to idea, space and action.

Basic questions of the philosophy of gardens: IDEA Western gardens can be seen as ‘ecotones’ between wilderness and an artificial world, with all its variants and extremes.

An important element is the taming of nature.

Gardens as an idea Rural women’s garden in Switzerland, Arosa, near 1600m

Defense of the paradise Because of a basically different cultural approach, Oriental gardens are of a different type. It is the admiration for a perfect nature, which drives people in creating gardens.

Such a history of thought led the oriental people to take keen pleasure in the calm landscape of the remote

countryside. Oriental Gardens Japan Garden at Interlaken, Switzerland, 1996 Japan Garden, Interlaken Some of the basic questions in the philosophy of gardens are connected to the meaning of gardens referring to idea, space and action.

Basic questions of the philosophy of gardens: SPACE Mini-Kitchengarden

Mobile Organic Garden www.allysonandjeremy.blogspot.com home.howstuffworks.com

Mini-Gardens garden Caravan- Mobile Mobile Caravan Garden Caravan Mobile

http://www.coolest-gadgets.com/20060829/2105/ members.virtualtourist.com/m/e9bc/41192/ Gomera ancient landscape Some of the basic questions in the philosophy of gardens are connected to the meaning of gardens referring to idea, space and action.

Basic questions of the philosophy of gardens ACTION Classic Ballett in BOGA Bern: Tchaikovsky, Nutcracker, Waltz of the Flowers

Classic Ballett in BOGA: Tchaikovsky, Nutcracker, Waltz of the Flowers Buddhist events in BOGA Bern, Blue Beryll Book Vernissage

Buddhist events in BOGA Bern "Tibetan Medical Paintings" "Klassische Tibetische Medizin" (Serindia Publications, London) (Paul Haupt Verlag, Bern) von by Yuri Parfionovitch, Gyurme Dorje Yuri Parfionovitch, Gyurme Dorje and and Fernand Meyer. Fernand Meyer Blue Beryll Vernissage for German Edition East-West Dialogue in BOGA Bern Art: Future of Evolution Rainer Matysik from Berlin in BOGA Bern Intimate relationship between organisms and human beings

Art: Future of Evolution Rainer Matysik from Berlin in BOGA Bern Music Improvisation with Prof. Daniel Schümperli, Zoology Department

Music Improvisation with plants and people Exhibits combined with Business Boutique of François Loeb in BOGA Bern

Exhibits combined with business: Boutique of François Loeb in BOGA Bern Bulgarian psychic performing in BOGA with medidal diagnosis and herbal remedy Bulgarian psychic performing in BOGA with medidal diagnosis and herbal remedy Green Thumb New York Louis Le Roy, Pope Ecotect the First from the Netherlands, Heerenvein

Louis Le Roy, Pope Ecotect the First from the Netherlands, Heerenvein Louis Le Roy and his Eco-Cathedral in Mildam, Heerenvein http://www.classic.archined.nl/extra/archi_tv/tv2/eng/hoofdframe1.html Louis Le Roy and his Eco-Cathedral in Mildam, Heerenvein The true art of gardening combines idea, space and action and makes out of those elements a holistic unit

The true aret of gardening pure ecology agriculture

reductionist holistic molecular organismic

lab-bio field bio experimental observational

causal teleonomic

Epistemological Strategies in Scientific Activities

Epistemological strategies in Science Outside Heathrow airport mid August 2007: Their slogan: "We are armed ... only with peer reviewed science".

We are armed with peer reviewed science ien-Bedeutung-1986.pdf der botanischen Taxonomie. Zur Stellung der ien/Ammann-Herbar organismischen BiologieImportanceof Plantheute. (On the Collections Plant in Taxonomy and Systematics Research - on the Current Status of Systematics and Taxonomy in Biological-Research), English summary, text German. Botanica Helvetica, 1, 96, pp 109-132 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Herbar Die der Bedeutung Herbarien als Arbeitsinstrument Ammann, K.(1986)

Structure of biological research along the size of the research objects Ammann, K. (1986) Different angles to view and study plants study view to and angles Different Die Bedeutung der Herbarien als Arbeitsinstrument der botanischen Taxonomie. Zur Stellung der organismischen Biologie heute. (On the Importance of Plant Collections in Plant Taxonomy and Systematics Research - on the Current Status of Systematics and Taxonomy in Biological-Research), English summary, text German. Botanica Helvetica, 96, 1, pp 109-132 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Herbarien/Ammann-Herbarien-Bedeutung-1986.pdf Spitzweg, „der Kakteenfreund“

Spitzweg, der Kakteenfreund. Romantic times of systematic botany long gone Bromus secalinus spikelets and details Bromus grossus spikelets and details

Bromus secalinus and B. grossus Bromus racemosus spikelets and details Bromus commutatus spikelets and details

Bromus racemosus and B. commutatus text German. Botanica Helvetica, 96, botanischen Taxonomie. Zur Stellung der organismischen ological-Research), English summary, en/Ammann-Herbarien-Bedeutung-1986.pdf Plant Collections in Plant Taxonomy and Systematics Research - on the Current Die Bedeutung der Herbarien als Arbeitsinstrument der 1, pp 109-132 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Herbari Biologie heute. (On the Importance of and TaxonomyStatus of Systematics in Bi Ammann, K. (1986)

Scattergram B.grossus-secalinus, and B.commutatus-racemosus Viola elatior, restauration near Grenchen, Switzerland, 1998 Viola elatior, restauration near Grenchen, Switzerland, 1998 PRRI Delegation at MOP4 in Bonn, 2008 ASK-FORCE: Myth of GM crops Killing Honey Bees

ASK-FORCE, the myth about GM crops killing honey bees Herbarium Collections: Data on hybrids over decades

Herbarium collections Gene flow assessment of transgenic crops in Switzerland an ecological risk assessment of vertical gene flow Klaus Ammann, University of Bern 1 Yolande Jacot, University of Neuchâtel 2 Pia Rufener Al Mazyad, University of Bern 1

1 Botanical Garden, Altenbergrain 21, CH - 3013 BERN 2 Institut de Botanique, Chantemerle 22, CH - 2007 NEUCHATEL

Kapitel 3 in:

Elisabeth Schulte und Othmar Käppeli (Hrsg.) 1996 ISBN 3-9521113-0-9

Gene flow assessment Dutch-Swiss-Irish method Dutch - Swiss Method of assessing three gene flow codes

Ruud van der Mejiden, Willem Brandenburg, Femke Frietema Yolande Jacot, Pia Rufener AL Mazyad, François Felber, Roberto Guadagnolo, Dessislava Savova

Method not using transgene crops, i.e. respecting the Precautionary Approach

3 classes of gene flow assessment Freq uenc seed Hybridization, p ollen transp ort etc. dispersal 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 1 tom ato Herbarium 2 tobacco 3 4 Analysis of 5 1 0 1 Potential 2 beet 3 4 Geneflow to 5 2 0 1 Wild Relatives 2 endive 3 of 19 4 turnip 5 lettuce 3 0 important 1 2 cabbage 3 radish cultivars of 4 5 rape 4 0 maize Switzerland 1 barley 2 wheat carrot 3 rye chicory Project Swiss 4 5 National foundation 5 0 1 potato and BOGA Bern 2 3 clovers 4 alfalfa 5 grasses

Potential Gene Flow, Herbarium Analysis Ae. squarrosa / T. aestivum CABI Publishing CABI Publishing Wheat I., Wang, H., & Benavente, In Introgression from from In Introgression eet), pp. 63-74. esearch programme. Davin, J., Loureiro, J., Gressel, -al-Amsterdam-2003.pdf (eds H. den Nijs, D. Bartsch & J. Sw (eds H. den Nijs, Hybrid in field r Al Mazyad, P., Chueca, C., P., Chueca, r Al Mazyad, Hybridization between wheat and wild relatives, a European Union relatives, wheat and wild between Hybridization r Wild Relatives Plants into Modified Genetically http://www.botanischergart en.ch/Geneflow/Jacot-et Aegilops squarrosa E. (2004) Jacot, Y., Ammann, K., Rufene Y., Ammann, Jacot, Ae. squarrosa / T. aestivum CABI Publishing CABI Publishing I., Wang, H., & Benavente, In Introgression from from In Introgression eet), pp. 63-74. esearch programme. Davin, J., Loureiro, J., Gressel, -al-Amsterdam-2003.pdf (eds H. den Nijs, D. Bartsch & J. Sw (eds H. den Nijs, ο r Al Mazyad, P., Chueca, C., P., Chueca, r Al Mazyad,

Aegilops squarrosa : + Triticum aestivum : • • Hybridization between wheat and wild relatives, a European Union relatives, wheat and wild between Hybridization r Wild Relatives Plants into Modified Genetically http://www.botanischergart en.ch/Geneflow/Jacot-et E. (2004) Jacot, Y., Ammann, K., Rufene Y., Ammann, Jacot, Ae. ovata / T. aestivum ion from ion from s CABI Publishing CABI Publishing I., Wang, H., & Benavente, In Introgres Wheat eet), pp. 63-74. esearch programme. Davin, J., Loureiro, J., Gressel, -al-Amsterdam-2003.pdf (eds H. den Nijs, D. Bartsch & J. Sw (eds H. den Nijs, r Al Mazyad, P., Chueca, C., P., Chueca, r Al Mazyad, Hybridization between wheat and wild relatives, a European Union relatives, wheat and wild between Hybridization r Genetically Modified Plants into Wild Relatives Plants into Modified Genetically http://www.botanischergart en.ch/Geneflow/Jacot-et Aegilops ovata Jacot, Y., Ammann, K., Rufene Y., Ammann, Jacot, E. (2004) Ae. ovata / T. aestivum Hybrids Ae. ovata / T. aestivum

• Ae.ovata : ▽ • T. aestivum : ο • Ae.triticoides (F1): ■ • Ae.speltaeforme( BC) : ● • Ae. triticoides (F2) : ⊠

Jacot, Y., Ammann, K., Rufener Al Mazyad, P., Chueca, C., Davin, J., Gressel, J., Loureiro, I., Wang, H., & Benavente, E. (2004) Hybridization between wheat and wild relatives, a European Union research programme. In Introgression from Genetically Modified Plants into Wild Relatives (eds H. den Nijs, D. Bartsch & J. Sweet), pp. 63-74. CABI Publishing http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Geneflow/Jacot-et-al-Amsterdam-2003.pdf

Aegilops ovata x Triticum aestivum Julia Keller Senften: Lactuca serriola Principal Component Plot of

Lactuca serriola x sativa Principal Component Plot EU-Project Wider Fields, Ammann-Kovacovsky-2008

Huesken, A., Ammann, K., Messeguer, J., Papa, R., Robson, P., Schiemann, J., G., S., Stamp, P., J., S., & Wilhelm, R. (2007)

A major European synthesis of data on pollen and seed mediated gene flow in maize in the SIGMEA project. In GMCC-07, Third International Conference on Coexistence between Genetically Modified (GM) and non-GM based Agricultural Supply Chains, Seville Spain

http://www.botanischergarten.ch/SIGMEA/Huesken-Synthesis-2007.pdf EU Project Wider Fields EU-Project Wider Fields, Ammann-Kovacovsky-2008

Huesken, A., Ammann, K., Messeguer, J., Papa, R., Robson, P., Schiemann, J., G., S., Stamp, P., J., S., & Wilhelm, R. (2007)

http://www.botanischergarten.ch/SIGMEA/Huesken-Synthesis-2007.pdf Eu Project Wider Fields Botanic Gardens should be at the forefront of developing new ideas, concepts and help to strive for new solutions of environmental and socio-cultural problems. The language of plants helps tackling even the most intricate controversies as the one on GM crops and Global Warming.

Botanic Gardens and Forefront The framing of agricultural products derived from GMOs lacks biological coherence, but has proven to be a powerful opportunity for the protest corporates. Disaggregating the concept of the ‘GMO’ is a necessary condition for confronting misconceptions, it should consequently be possible to talk about ‘organotransgenic’ crops.

Disaggregating framing, organotransgenic crops Scatter plot representation of transcriptome comparisons, Baudo et al. 2006 al. et Baudo comparisons, oftranscriptome representation plot Scatter 14 dpa endosperm control transgenic vs. 14 dpa Endosperm conventional transgenic vs. 14 dpa Endosperm lines 2 conventional 28 dpa 28 dpa 28 dpa leaf at8dpg leaf at8dpg 8 dpg Baudo: comparison in genomic disturbance: GM crops are less disturbed (black dots) than classic breeds classic than dots) (black disturbed less are crops GM disturbance: genomic in comparison Baudo:

Baudo, M.M., Lyons, R., Powers, S., Pastori, G.M., Edwards, K.J., Holdsworth, M.J., & Shewry, P.R. (2006) Transgenesis Has Less Impact on the Transcriptome of Wheat Grain Than Conventional Breeding. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 4, 4, pp 369-380 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Organic/Baudo-Impact-2006.pdf Shewry, P.R. & Jones, H.D. (2005) Transgenic Wheat: Where Do We Stand after the First 12 Years? Annals of Applied Biology, 147, 1, pp 1-14 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Organic/Shewry-Performance-2006.pdf Amish farmers in biotech-debate: subsequent partial adoption of transgenic crops: 1999, see: http://www.ifpri.org/2020conference/PDF/summary_ammann.pdf Bauer de Jonghe in Holland, produziert Gemüse im Bio-Standard ohne Pestizide Foto Claus Lange, Text Michael Miersch Weltwoche 06 2003 Outside Heathrow airport mid August 2007: Their slogan: "We are armed ... only with peer reviewed science".

Armed with peer reviewed science Kerr, R.A. (2007) CLIMATE CHANGE: Another Global Warming Icon Comes Under Attack. Science 317, 5834, pp 28a-29 http://www.sciencemag.org AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Global- Warming/Kerr-Another-Icon-2008.pdf

Kerr, Global Warming Icon under Attack But the group of three atmospheric scientists— Charlson; Stephen Schwartz of the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York; and Henning Rodhe of Stockholm University, Sweden—says the close match between models and the actual warming is deceptive. The match “conveys a lot more confidence [in the models] than can be supported in actuality,” says Schwartz.

Kerr, R.A. (2007) CLIMATE CHANGE: Another Global Warming Icon Comes Under Attack. Science 317, 5834, pp 28a-29 http://www.sciencemag.org AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Global- Warming/Kerr-Another-Icon-2008.pdf

Critics on Models from Scientists Elements of second generation communication and decision making: reduce hidden agendas encourage collaborative learning atmosphere Symmetry of ignorance different kinds of knowledge

READER Ammann, K. & Papazova Ammann, B. (2004) Factors Influencing Public Policy Development in Agricultural Biotechnology. In Risk Assessment of Transgenic Crops. (ed S. Shantaram), Vol. 9, pp. 1552. Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA.P. Christou & H. Klee Handbook of Plant Biotechnology, http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Wiley/Factors-Discourse-Wiley.pdf to respect different kinds of knowledge is better than the stakeholder concept factual knowledge deontic knowledge explanatory knowledge instrumental knowledge procedural knowledge conceptual knowledge traditional knowledge Harmonics: The science and philosophy of harmonic structures in nature and the Universe and its social sculpture

Biomimetics: The abstraction of good design from nature and its translation into useful technologies and structures for a better living

Definition Harmonics and Biometrics Nature works for MAXIMUM ACHIEVEMENT at MININUM EFFORT

Maximum achievement, minimum effort Tetraplodon mnioides, auf Rentierdung, Norwegen, Kongsvoll Photo K. Ammann

Tetraplodon mnioides Rentierdung Sphagnum sp. Photo by Alan S. Heilman.

http://www.science.siu.edu/landplants/Bryophyta/bryophyta.html

Sphagnum sp. Polytrichum attenuatum with calyptra haploid

Polytricum attenuatum with calyptra Schwimmendes Lebermoos: Ricciocarpus natans Photo K. Ammann

Schwimmendes Lebermoos: Ricciocarpus natans Cryptothallus mirabilis cannot carry out photosynthesis, and so must have a different energy source. It has long been known that it is associated with certain fungi. In a chain of experiment and inference, in part involving growth of the various players in microcosms, Bidartondo et al. now find that the fungi concerned belong to the Tulasnella group which, in turn, form mycorrhizae — close and mutually beneficial connections (pictured) — with the roots of trees such as birch and pine. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270, 835–842; Martin I. Bidartondo Cryptothallus mirabilis, unter Moosen, saprophytisch mit einem Pilz eine Symbiose bildend, ohne Chlorophyll

Cryptothallus mirabilis, unter Moosen, saprophytisch mit einem Pilz eine Symbiose bildend, ohne Chlorophyll Splachnum luteum, coprophilous moss with sporogon-neck developed Photo K. Ammann as a flower to Attract dung flies which will distribute sticky spores Splachnum luteum mit Kapseln und gelbem Kragen Leuchtmoos Schistostega osmundacea,, ca. 5mm Photo K. Ammann Schistostega pennata Schistostega osmundacea, Leuchtmoos: reflektierendes Protonema Photo K. Ammann Reflektierendes Protonema Schistostega Extremes Wüstenmoos: Exormotheca, baut sich kleine Gewächshäuschen Photo K. Ammann Exormotheca, extremes Wüstenmoos aus afrikanischen Wüstengebieten Extremes Wüstenmoos: Exormotheca, Photo K. Ammann baut sich Gewächshäuschen Exormotheca, Gewächshäuschen für das ‚Kultivieren‘ von chlorophyllführenden Zellfäden Moss Peristomes regulate spore dispersal

Moss Persistomes regulate spore dispersal Moss Peristomes move still after 200 years Howard Crum, haplolepidous (left) and diplolepidous peristomes

Howard Crum, haplolepidous peristomes

Monocle