DOCSLIB.ORG

Darwin Was Not a Darwinist with His View of a Dynamic, Ever Changing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Darwin Was Not a Darwinist with His View of a Dynamic, Ever Changing Darwin's living legacy: An International conference on Evolution and Society. 14-16 November Prof. em. Klaus Ammann, Univ. Bern Darwin was not a Darwinist With his view of a dynamic, ever changing nature he was also creating the basis for modern agriculture Darwin as a human being and as a scientist Working Place of Darwin in Downe Village http://www.focus.de/wissen/wissenschaft/wissenschaft-darwin-genoss-ein-suesses-studentenleben_aid_383172.html Household - expenses http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=CC-T.11.26&pageseq=1 Darwin's chronic ill health began after 1838. By his own account he had been exposed to Triatoma infestans, a vector of Chagas' disease. Symptoms would fit well. Other hypothesis are Crohn’s disease or Lupus, or psychological distress in age Greene, P.S. & Greene, M.T. (2009) Darwin's Illness by Golp, book review. Journal of the History of Biology, 42, 1, pp 198-201 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Evolution/Golp-Darwins-Ilnesses-2009.pdf Darwin as a scientist: Darwin was nearly exclusively working with observations, he only did a very few experiments in the modern sense of the word, some published posthumous Basic reading: Charles Darwin as Ernest Mayr sees him Mayr, E. (1995) DARWIN IMPACT ON MODERN THOUGHT. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 139, 4, pp 317-325 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Evolution/Mayr-Darwin-Impact-1995.pdf pure ecology agriculture reductionist holistic molecular organismic Darwin lab-biology field bio experimental observational causal teleonomic Darwins working methods and epistemological approaches in his research On the last page of his monograph, Huxley introduced the term “evolutionary biology.” This interdisciplinary branch of the life sciences has evolved into a system of theories that explain different aspects of organismic evolution I recommend that we replace oldfashioned terms such as “Darwinism” and “synthetic theory” by Huxley’s “evolutionary biology.” U. KUTSCHERA, Germany Kutschera, U. (2008) From darwinism to evolutionary biology. Science, 321, 5893, pp 1157-1158 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Evolution/Kutschera-Evolutionary-Biology-Darwinism-2008.pdf http://darwin-online.org.uk/pdf/1872_Origin_F391.pdf http://darwin-online.org.uk/pdf/1872_Origin_F391.pdf Origin of Species, 6th edition (last one edited by Darwin himself), last paragraph, leaving open other possibilities in Evolution http://darwin-online.org.uk/pdf/1872_Origin_F391.pdf Early Critique on Darwins Theories by Contemporary Scientists May 28, 1807(1807-05-28) Born Haut-Vully, Switzerland December 14, 1873 (aged 66) Died Cambridge, Massachusetts Paleontology, Glaciology, Fields Geology, Natural History Louis Agassiz, discoverer of the ice age, and great paleontologist, was a “creationist”, actually a University of polygeneticist and racist: Alma mater Erlangen- I have seen thousands of species dying out, Nuremberg but never ever a species newly created Agassiz denied that species originated in single pairs, whether at a single location or at many. He argued instead that multiple individuals in each species were created at the same time and then distributed throughout the continents where God meant for them to dwell. His lectures on polygenism were popular among the slaveholders in the South; for many this opinion legitimized the belief in a lower standard of the Negro.[5] Interestingly, his stance in this case was considered to be quite radical in its time, because it went against the more orthodox and standard reading of the Bible in his time which implied all human stock descended from a single couple (Adam and Eve), and in his defense Agassiz often used what now sounds like a very "modern" argument about the need for independence between science and religion; though Agassiz, unlike many polygeneticists, maintained his religious beliefs and was not anti-Biblical in general. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Agassiz Recent critique of Darwinism by Creationists: Based on Ignorance of the Scientific Literature and Polemic Statements A tree fern that lived 365-290 million This plant, Senftenbergia plumosa, years ago, which is no different from consists of dividing, compound leaves, present-day specimens. and dates back to the Carboniferous period (300 million years ago). HARUN YAHYA: Naïve, amateurish comparison of fossil records with living ferns, but see Darwins phylogeny with E, F Darwins view of long, but of unspecifiedtime interval I to XIV: the link between Micro- and Macro- evolution Darwin A – L: species of a hypothetical genus knew about A and F diversify over time, E,F: living fossils Reznick, D.N. & Ricklefs, R.E. (2009) Fig. from Darwins Origin of Species, Chapter 4 living fossils Darwin's bridge between microevolution and macroevolution. Nature, 457, 7231, pp 837-842 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Evolution/Reznik-Darwins-Bridge-2009.pdf one of Darwins major works: The Various Contrivances by whom British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilized by Insects and on the good effects of Intercrossing 1862 Coryanthes speciosus Darwins print, copied from Lindley German translation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coryanthes www.weloennig.de/CorCat.html moth pollination http://images.google.com.tr/url?source=imgres&ct=img&q=http://www.plantbiology.siu Angraecum sesquipedale from Madagaskar Orchidaceae Pollinator Xanthopan morgani praedictus the pollinator predicted by Charles Darwin Sapp, G. (1994) Evolution by Association Published by Oxford University Press US, IS: ISBN 0195088212, 9780195088212, pp http://books.google.com/books?id=wE o1QUkr7pUC Beyond Darwin: Examples from modern sciences supporting Darwin Euphorbia fulgens, blazing red Euphorb, Euphorbiaceae, Nectaries transformed into petals for insect attraction, the „anthers“ are actually single male flowers Palaeobiology has reached the stage of doing research on ancient plant communities and even detailed food webs the example of Magnolia latahensis 17-20 Million years old leaf of Magnolia fossil ‘lahatensis’, still green and suitable for DNA-analysis, revealing a fossil species, closely related to living Magnolia Niklas, K.J. (1990) Turning over an old leaf. Nature, 344, 6267, pp 587-588 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Evolution/NiklasTurningOverMagnolia-1990.pdf Golenberg, E.M., Brown, T.A., Bada, J.L., Westbroek, P., Bishop, M.J., & Dover, G.A. (1991) Amplification and Analysis of Miocene Plant Fossil DNA [and Discussion]. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 333, 1268, pp 419-427 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Evolution/Golenberg-Amplification-Verification- 1991.pdf Fossile Vegetationsanalyse Wing, S.L., Hickey, L.J., & Swisher, C.C. (1993) IMPLICATIONS OF AN EXCEPTIONAL FOSSIL FLORA FOR LATE CRETACEOUS VEGETATION. Nature, 363, 6427, pp 342-344 <Go to ISI>://WOS:A1993LD91700050 Example of a food web analysis from the Cambrian based on hundreds of species which do not exist today, but show similar ecological networks (foodwebs), compared to the present time Dunne, J.A., Williams, R.J., Martinez, N.D., Wood, R.A., & Erwin, D.H. (2008) Compilation and network analyses of Cambrian food webs. Plos Biology, 6, 4, pp 693-708 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Organic/Dunne-Cambrian-Foodwebs-2008.pdf Genomic research was facilitated with the evolutionary basis of Darwin Werner Arber, Nobel Laureate 1978: Werner Arber, Comparison, with publications Interestingly, naturally occurring molecular evolution, i.e. the spontaneous generation of genetic variants has been seen to follow exactly the same three strategies as those used in genetic engineering14. These three strategies are: (a) small local changes in the nucleotide sequences, (b) internal reshuffling of genomic DNA segments, and (c) acquisition of usually rather small segments of DNA from another type of organism by horizontal gene transfer. Arber, W. (2002) Roots, strategies and prospects of functional genomics. Current Science, 83, 7, pp 826-828 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Mutations/Arber-Comparison-2002.pdf Arber, W. (2002) Roots, strategies and prospects of functional genomics. Current Science, 83, 7, pp 826-828 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Mutations/Arber-Comparison-2002.pdf However, there is a principal difference between the procedures of genetic engineering and those serving in nature for biological evolution. While the genetic engineer pre-reflects his alteration and verifies its results, nature places its genetic variations more randomly and largely independent of an identified goal. And after ca. 10 years of safety assessment transgenic crops are distributed to the millions in a short time. Arber, W. (2002) Roots, strategies and prospects of functional genomics. Current Science, 83, 7, pp 826-828 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Mutations/Arber-Comparison-2002.pdf Arber, W. (2002) Roots, strategies and prospects of functional genomics. Current Science, 83, 7, pp 826-828 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Mutations/Arber-Comparison-2002.pdf genetically genetically stable stable transgenic mutant genetically genetically unstable unstable transgenic mutant Batista, R., Saibo, N., Lourenco, T., & Oliveira, M.M. (2008) Microarray analyses reveal that plant mutagenesis may induce more transcriptomic changes than transgene insertion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 9, pp 3640-3645 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Genomics/Batista-Microarray-Analysis- 2008.pdf Gamma Field for radiation Radiation breeding as field experiments breeding 100m radius 89 TBq Co-60 source at the center
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Staatliches Museum Für Naturkunde in Stuttgart 1980
    Jh. Ges. Naturkde. WOrttemberg 136. Jahrgang Stuttgart, 15. Dezember 1981 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart 1980 A. Überblick Das Jahr 1980 brachte für das Staatliche Museum für Naturkunde in Stutt­ gart den Fortgang der Neubauplanung. Besonders intensiv wurde die vorgese­ hene Ausstellung einheimischer Fossilien planerisch vorbereitet. Im Septem­ ber wurden die Rohbauarbeiten ausgeschrieben. Gleichzeitig ergaben sich jedoch Finanzierungsschwierigkeiten, so daß die Planung im Bereich der Maga­ zine grundlegend überarbeitet werden mußte. Das Ziel war eine Einsparung von mehreren Millionen DM, die Folge die Reduktion der Magazinräume um ca. 28 000 cbm. Daraus folgt, daß der Neubau nur die Abteilungen Geologie, Paläontologie und Mineralogie (mit der Ausstellung einheimischer Fossilien), Entomologie, Stammesgeschichtliche Forschung und Botanik aufnehmen kann. Die Zoologische Abteilung muß deshalb ebenso wie die zoologische Ausstellung weiterhin im Schloß Rosenstein untergebracht werden. Für unpräpariertes Sammlungsgut werden auswärtige Lagerräume benötigt. Trotz dieser Umplanung war weiterhin ein Baubeginn in der 1. Jahreshälfte 1981 vorgesehen. Zusätzlich zum geplanten Neubau im Rosensteinpark wird vom Finanzministerium die Einrichtung einer mineralogischen Ausstellung in einem geplanten Behörden-Neubau in der Stuttgarter Innenstadt erwogen. Im Schloß Rosenstein wurden im Berichtsjahr wiederum fünf größere Son­ derausstellungen gezeigt. Themen und Laufzeiten waren: "Minerallagerstätten des Schwarzwaldes" (bis 10.2.), "Flechten" (21. 2.-1. 6.), "Tierleben im Meer" (12.6.-7.9.), "Der Flug der Tiere" (18.9.-23. 11.) und "Europäische Orchide­ en" (ab 2. 12.). Die letzte Ausstellung wurde in Anwesenheit von Frau HANNE­ LORE SCHMIDT (Bonn) durch den Minister für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Prof. Dr. H. ENGLER, eröffnet. Die Zahl der Besucher im Schloß Rosenstein betrug 209162; sie lag damit um 1,9 % niedriger als im Vorjahr.
    [Show full text]
  • A List of Orchid Books
    APPENDIX A list of Orchid Books TIM WING YAM, BENJAMIN SINGER, CHOY SIN HEW, TIIU KULL, IRINA TATARENKO, AND JOSEPH ARDITTI 279 280 T.W. Yam et al. Two private libraries, Benjamin Singer’s (which he donated to the American Orchid Society) and Joseph Arditti’s (its future is yet to be decided, it may be donated to an academic or scientific institutions or sold), served as primary sources for this list. However other sources were also used. The use of multiple sources increased the number of books which are listed but may have introduced errors or imperfections for following reasons. One and the same book may have been listed under different names erroneously. Names of authors may have been misspelled. When books have more than one author, the order of authors may have been presented differently in different lists and/or one or more names may have been omitted, added or misspelled. A book may have been published under different names in more than one country. Books are sometimes published by one publisher in one country and another in a different one. Spelling errors in different lists Translations Different editions Lack of information Conventions used in spelling names like “de” and “van.” Erroneous assumptions regarding Chinese surnames. The Chinese traditions is to list surname first, as for example, Yam Tim Wing which may end up incorrectly as Wing, Y. T. in some lists compiled in the West and correctly as T. W. Yam in others. Only the last names of some authors are listed. Some entries listed as books may in fact be no more than reprints.
    [Show full text]
  • Monografien-Katalog Botanische Fachbibliothek
    Landesmuseum für Kärnten Kärntner Botanikzentrum Botanische Fachbibliothek Monografien-Katalog Stand: Mai 2020 Alpenvereinskarten Digital. München, Innsbruck, Deutscher und Österreichischer Alpenverein. Alpine Flora of Japan (in Japanese). o. A., o. A. Bolle di Magadino. o. A., Schweizerischer Bund für Naturschutz, Schweizer Heimatschutz. Der Baum im Bilde der Landschaft. Königstein im Taunus und Leipzig, Verlag Der Eiserne Hammer, Karl Robert Langewiesche. Du und der Wald. Wien, Österreichischer Agrarverlag. Einführung in Microsoft Access 2000. Klagenfurt, Kärntner Verwaltungsakademie. Einführung in Microsoft Access 2000. Klagenfurt, Kärntner Verwaltungsakademie. Führer durch das Palmenhaus in Schönbrunn. Wien, Bundesgärten. Graz grüßt Sie! Graz, Im Verlage der Stadtgemeinde Graz. Heimisches Holz. Wien, Bundesholzwirtschaftsrat. How to improve photography through the microscope. Tokyo, Olympus. Katalog für Messinstrumente. Wien, C. Reichert. Katalog Nr. 100. Berlin, Frankfurt, München, F. & M. Lautenschläger. La collection nationale d'Agaves du Jardin Botanique de la Ville de Nice. Nice, Direction Adjointe des Espaces Verts-Jardin Botanique. La collection nationale des Sauges du Jardin Botanique de la Ville de Nice. Nice, Direction Adjointe des Espaces Verts-Jardin Botanique. Le Jardin Botanique de la Ville de Nice. Nice, Direction Generale Adjointe Chargee de l'Action Territoriale. Leitz Aufsatzkameras. Wetzlar, Ernst Leitz. Medizin. Naturwissenschaften. Teil 1. Zürich, Bern, EOS Buchantiquariat Benz, Daniel Thierstein. Mitglieder-Verzeichnis Lions International, District 114, Österreich, 1963/64. o. A., Lions International, District 114, Österreich. Oristano e la sua provincia. Oristano, Ente Provinciale per il Turismo. Rhododendron und immergrüne Laubgehölze: Jahrbuch 1965. Bremen, Deutsche Rhododendron-Gesellschaft in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Gartenbauamt Bremen. Schulwart. Lehrmittelführer für das gesamte Schulwesen. Teilband III: Anthropologie, Hygiene und Mikroskopie, Zoologie, Botanik, Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie.
    [Show full text]
  • Longevity of Arctic and Alpine Clonal Plants
    Longevity of arctic and alpine clonal plants INAUGURALDISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel von Lucienne Claudine de Witte aus Attinghausen (Schweiz) Basel, 2011 Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Jürg Stöcklin Dr. Pierre Taberlet Basel, den 29. März 2011 Prof. Dr. Martin Spiess Dekan "One of the great biological principles is that the development, adaptation, and survival of living organisms are the results of closing down options. The genome represents the impractical unedited totality of what the organism is capable of. Successful organisms do more than possess, express, and pass on the right genes - they refrain from expressing inappropriate potential. Music provides an analogy. Western music uses the 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Imagine sitting at the keyboard of an organ. Simultaneously hold down the 12 keys corresponding to the chromatic scale. Cease playing 3 minutes later. Within that cacophonous 3 minute block of sound are all possible 3-minute musical works. But "Tea for two" (Tatum 1933) is 3 minutes of musical genius, and why? Overwhelmingly, because of the notes that were not played. So it is with living organisms - the genome is the chromatic scale, the surviving organism is the harmonised musical line. The selectivity that orchestrates expression of genomic potential comprises cellular processes that repress and destroy. Might it not be that ageing is the long-term revelation of these negative, but nonetheless essential, forces that animate the machinery of living matter?" Howard Thomas (2003) Do green plants age, and if so, how? Acknowledgements I wish to thank Jürg Stöcklin for the opportunity to accomplish a challenging PhD in such an interesting field of research.
    [Show full text]
  • Naturwissenschaften EOS Buchantiquariat Benz
    Naturwissenschaften EOS Buchantiquariat Benz EOS Buchantiquariat Benz Kirchgasse 17 8001 Zürich Switzerland Tel: +41 (0)44 261 57 50 Fax: +41 (0)44 260 59 01 [email protected] www.eosbooks.ch Inhalt 1. Allgemeine Naturwissenschaften Nr. 1 – 196 2. Medizin Nr. 197 – 214 3. Botanik Nr. 215 – 396 4. Zoologie Nr. 397 – 433 5. Insekten Nr. 434 – 617 6. Kinderbücher Nr. 618 – 634 Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen Die angebotenen Bücher wurden nach unserem besten Wissen und Gewissen beschrieben und sind wenn nicht anders vermerkt vollständig. Kleinere Mängel wurden nicht beschrieben, sind aber im Preis berücksichtigt. Das Ange- bot ist freibleibend und es besteht kein Lieferzwang. Die Versandkosten werden auf Basis der Selbstkosten dem Käufer belastet. Erfolgt der Versand ab Deutschland wird der Preis um 7% EUSt. erhöht. Bei begründeter Beanstan- dung bitten wir um Retournierung innerhalb von 8 Tagen. An uns unbekannte Besteller erfolgt die Lieferung nur gegen Vorauskasse. Gerichtsstand ist Zürich. AMDO GmbH & Co. KG, 91560 Heilsbronn Gesamtherstellung: Allg. Naturwissenschaften 1 Agassiz Cary, Elizabeth: Louis Agassiz sa vie «Athenaeus y traite en effet d’une quantité de sujets et sa correspondance. Traduit de l’anglais par relatifs à la gastronomie. Les gourmands les plus Auguste Mayor. Neuchâtel, Berthoud, 1887. 8°. fameux des cuisiniers célèbres son cité, les vertues XI, 617 S. Mit 1 Portrait. Halblederband der Zeit et des qualités des légumes, des poissons et ani- maux font sujet des longues dissertations ainsi que mit grünem Rückensch. (5229C) CHF 60.– les vins» (Vicaires 52). – Eigenartigerweise liess der Biographie von Louis Agassiz (1807–1873), geschrie- venezianische Humanist Natale de Conti sein Buch ben von seiner zweiten Ehefrau Elizabeth Cary Agas- bei Henri Petri in Basel drucken, wie aus einem Brief siz (1822–1907), ihretwegen sich Agassiz mit seinen Contis an Petri hervorgeht.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Issues, a Challenge for Everyone Klaus Ammann Guest Professor at the Delft University of Technology
    Future issues, a challenge for everyone Klaus Ammann Guest Professor at the Delft University of Technology Future Issues, a challenge for everyone Leucospermum praecox, Cape Town, 2003 Leucospermum praecox, Cape, 2003 Leucospermum praecox, Cape Town, 2003 Leucospermum praecox, Cape, 2003 Protea cynaroides, King Protea Cape 2003 Protea cynaroides King Protea Cape 2003 Protea cynaroides, King Protea Cape 2003 Protea cynaroides King Protea Cape 2003 Pulsatilla rubra, Rhône Fr Pulsatilla rubra Rhône, France Aquilegia alpina, Alpen-Akelei, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, 1991 Aquilegia alpina, Bernese Oberland, CH Gentiana brachystachis, Gornergrat, Zermatt, Wallis, Switzerland 1998 Gentiana brachystachys Gornergrat, Zermatt, Wallis Switzerland, 1998 Alchemilla alpina, Schynige Platte, Swiss Alps, 1999 Cnemidaria horrida, Pteridophyta, Blue Mountains, Jamaica 1992 Cnemidaria horrida, Pteridophyta, Jamaica I think true gardening roots always in admiration of beauty in creation Aeonium tabuliforme, Teno Mountains, Tenerife, Canary Islands Hans Kayser Harmonia Plantarum Paestum, Southern Italy, Neptun Temple http://www.molgen.mpg.de/~spang/christina/ Archaic doric temple, contructed ca. 460 BC Paestum, Neptun Temple Snow Flakes http://hanskayser.com/EZ/kayser2/kayser2/index.php Snow Flakes Self-Similar Structure (Fractal) universe-review.ca/R10-35-metabolic.htm Hans Kayser, harmonic analysis of plant bifurcations Verzweigungs-Systeme aus Harmonia Plantarum Program FernX1.bas '------------------------------------ fern ----------------------------
    [Show full text]