The Analysis Figurative Meaning of Jakarta Post a Paper

DEIKSIS Vol. 08 No.01, Januari 2016 p-ISSN: 2085-2274, e-ISSN 2502-227X hal. 102 - 110

THE ANALYSIS FIGURATIVE MEANING OF JAKARTA POST A PAPER

Dewi Mutiara Indah Ayu1, Sjafty Nursitti Maili2

Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jln. Nangka 58 Tanjung Barat, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to know any kind of Figurative Meanings, which is dominantly used and to find out kinds of situation used in the Jakarta Post Headline News. The data were collected by qualitative research; they were gathered by doing newspaper observation. There were 14 headline news of Jakarta post collected. The data were analyzed by figurative meaning which consists of: personification, synecdoche, metonymy. The result of the study shows that Metonymy (3), Synecdoche (6), Personification (5), and the most dominant of figurative meaning are Synecdoche (6). This figurative meaning used in all situations that show expression in which the name of an attribute or a thing is substituted by another with which it is associated closely.

Key words: Figurative Meanings Analysis, Headline News Jakarta Post

ANALISIS MAKNA KIASAN PADA BERITA UTAMA KORAN JAKARTA POST

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai jenis makna kiasan yang digunakan secara dominan serta mencari tahu berbagai jenis makna kiasan yang ada di koran Jakarta Post. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah qualitatif yang disusun berdasarkan observasi pada koran. Ada 15 berita utama yang berhasil dikumpulkan pada koran Jakarta Post. Data kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan makna kiasan yang terdiri dari, personification, synecdoche, metonymy. Hasil dari penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa makna kiasan seperti Metonymy (3), Synecdoche (6), Personification (5) dan ternyata hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa makna kiasan yang paling mendominasi adalah Synecdoche (6). Makna kiasan ini sering kali digunakan dalam berbagai situasi.

INTRODUCTION reading and writing. Reading is the one Language is a means of of the most important skills in learning communication used by a group of a language. people to express their thoughts, The general aim of teaching feelings and beliefs. By using a English to the students of English language, the people can understand one department is to master all skills of the another. One of the languages that are language (listening, speaking, reading used internationally is English. and writing) and when they graduate. Nowadays, English is included in the They will be professional in teaching curriculum of Indonesian schools, and and practicing English. English language teaching has four English is one of the most skills that are listening, speaking, important languages around the word.

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In almost every aspect of human life, DISCUSSION people used English to speak out the LITERATURE REVIEW things they want to tell in both written Analysis Variety and oral communication. AS. Hornby (1989:175) stated There are many ways to make it. that, “Analysis is the detailed study or One of them is a language style, called examination of something in order to figurative meaning which is used not understand more about it, the result of only in ordinary literal sense but also in the study statistical analysis”. an imaginative way. Since the figurative http://languagearts.ppst.com.analysis.ht meaning are uncounted, the writer ml, “Analysis is a set of techniques for limited herself ability on those which exploring underlying motives and a have been chosen as the object of this method of treating various mental study which is figurative meanings disorders”. Next, according to E. analysis in the headline news in the Kosasih (2002:43), Analisa adalah Jakarta Post. The writer chooses this Penyelidikan terhadap suatu peristiwa title because it has some purposes like (perbuatan atau karangan) untuk the writer wants to know what the mengetahui keadaan yang sebenarnya figurative meaning exactly is. (sebab-akibat) it can be translated as According to Jane. N Beatty, follow “Analysis is the investigation in 1992 states that Newspaper is printed an event (done or writer) to understand on thin paper made from a combination the real situation (cause - effect). It is of recycled matter and wood pulp, and mean for disentangling a topic is not intended to last very long. Large specifically and knowing a context printing presses, usually located at a between topic and subtopic for plant separate from the editorial and understanding all of meaning. advertising headquarters, print the From the explanations above, the editions, and a network of delivery writer concludes that, “Analysis is trucks bring them to the newsstands and research on a problem in detail to know geographical distribution centers for and understand about actual cause and subscribers. effect. It should be done by researcher. The writer analyzes the newspaper because it’s a medium of Theory of Figurative Language communi-cation, present some new Definition of Figurative Language categories such as: economic, sports, Richard Gill (1985: 40) states that story, editorial, subheading, figurative meaning is a word or phrase advertisement and of course headlines that departs everyday literal language news. The headline news itself often for the sake of comparison, emphasis, used style and variation of grammar. clarity, or freshness. To be used well, Style and grammar are used to attract figurative meaning enhances your reader’s attention and to make news fiction and can be an economical way of more interesting. Newspaper are getting an image or a point across. available everywhere, which has However, being used incorrectly, different style of language. As we know figurative meaning can be confusing. the Jakarta post newspaper is one of the Next, http://www.englishclub.com English newspaper in Jakarta, and the explain that figurative language is one writer wants to see how the Jakarta post meaning of “figure”, is “drawing”, or newspaper to use the figurative “image”, or “picture”. Figurative meaning. language is to create figures (pictures)

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in the mind of the reader or listener. a figurative of speech and think that These pictures help convey the meaning they are literal, you will find it difficult faster and more vividly than words to understand the language. alone. Figurative language is the In this study, the writer analysis opposite of literal language. Literal some types of figurative speech, such language conveying meaning as exactly as: Personification, Synecdoche, and what it says. Figurative language gives Metonymy. something different to what it says on 1. Personification the surface structure. Guth, H & Rico, G (1997:564) Example: John is as strong as Jack ( states that personification is a literal ) metaphore or a semile that treats John is as strong as a lion ( something non-human as if it were figurative ) human.It is figurative language that In the above example “as strong makes things or animal act. as a lion” is a figure of speech (in this Next, Kirszner, Laurie G. et. case, a simile). It is important to al (1983: 190) states that , recognize the difference between literal personification is an inanimate and figurative meaning. thing, even a concept or an idea is Last, Corbett, Edward P.J (1983: given the attributes or qualities of an 94) stated that Figurative language is an animal or human. Example: ” Love integral part of everyone’s speech not is blind” , “The wind howled” , only do you use hundreds of figures of with this phrase we give speech in your own talking and writing. characteristics usually associated Probably unconsciously, but you have with people or animal to the abstract even invented some of your own. concept “love” and the inanimate Basically a figure of speech is the use of “wind” . Last, a word in a transferred sense; it departs Http://www.esortment.com states from the common literal meaning of a that personification gives a human word and gives the word another quality to in human thing. From the meaning. statements above the writer Based on the statements above the concludes that Personification writer states that figurative meaning is a means give human characteristic or representing way by a figure, or qualities to non human thing such as resemble, typical, representative, used animals or objects. in a sense that is tropical, as a metaphor; not literal; applied to word and 2. Synecdoche expression so it needs our imagination According to Kirszner, Laurie to find the meaning of the statement. G. et. al (1983: 192) Synecdoche is a kind of figurative expression base Types of Figurative Of Speech on part-whole relationship. (Richard Gill, 1985: 48) stated Synecdoche is a small part of a that A figure of speech is any of several thing mentioned. A small part of the kinds of non literal usage of words. thing, but a detail and very Figure of speech is used to achieve and important one, can represent two affect beyond the range of ordinary whole. language. At other times writers and Based on the opinion above, speaker may invent their own figures of the writer states that synecdoche is a speech. If you do not recognize them as

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figurative language in which a part that analogy and imitation may be a is used for the whole. crucial principle in the acquisition of language. 3. Metonymy Metonymy is similar to The Jakarta Post Headlines News synecdoche, but employs the use of 1. The Jakarta Post something even more loosely Jakarta Post is a newspaper associated with the thing that it is edited in Jakarta. It has been intended to represent. Kirszner, published since 1983 by PT. Bina Laurie G. et. al (1983: 195) states Media Tenggara. This newspaper that Metonymy is a figure of speech has ten pieces within twenty four that involves transferring a name pages. It is a daily newspaper and from one thing to another on the the biggest one of newspaper basis of the certain typical kinds of industry in Jakarta. This newspaper relations: designating the effect with also served up the sports and the cause, the whole with a part, and business information. the contents with its container. Internationally or nationally. So the Based on the opinions above, Jakarta Post headline news is the the writer defines that metonymy is headline news in the Jakarta Post figure of speech that replaces the newspaper. name of one thing with the name of one something else closely 2. Headline news associated with it. Http://www.allowords .com defines that headline news: The Function of Figurative meaning a. A line at the top of page in a According to Guth Hans & Rico, book, giving the running title, G. 1997 explains that understanding the page number, etc. implication of figurative of speech; b. A line or lines, usually in large bring us close to the centre of poetic type, at the top of the newspaper statement. The function of the figurative article, giving a short statement of speech is carrying meaning from the of its contents. literal level to the figurative one Based on the opinion above, describing entity, event, or quality more the writer stated that headline is the compressively and concisely. title or caption of a newspaper There are two purposes of article, usually set in large type and figurative meaning, they are: important or sensational piece of 1. Referential purpose is describing a news, often used in the plural. mental process or state, a concept, a person, an object. A quality or an RESEARCH METHOD actions more comprehensively and This research was conducted by concisely more possible than what using descriptive method. Descriptive literal language can. research is method of research which 2. Pragmatic purpose is to appeal the describes the current situation. The senses, intense to clarify, to delight, writer provides the research and to surprise. methodology of this paper is qualitative. Based on the opinion above, the These researches belong to descriptive writer stated the function of figurative method because it focuses on meaning is to discuss the assumption description about figures of speech that

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are used in Head line of the Jakarta in Jakarta Post headline is post. Synecdoche. 2. When the headline proposes a RESEARCH RESULT AND Statement, the writer found that the DISCUSSION dominant figurative meaning is This research deals with the Synecdoche. analysis figurative used in Jakarta Post 3. When the headline states headline. The writer collected Information, the writer found that 15(fifteen) headline news of The Jakarta the dominant figurative meaning is Post, where analyzed by using Personification. figurative meaning they are : 4. When the headline proposes a Personification, Synecdoche, Critic, the writer found that the Metonymy. After the writer analyzing dominant figurative meaning is figurative meaning in Jakarta Post Personification. headline news, the writer found: 5. When the headline propose an 1. The writer found that the most Offer, the writer found that the dominantly figurative meaning used dominant figurative meaning is Personification

Discussion The analysis of the data is done by identifying the headline news of The Jakarta Post newspaper. Here are the data: The Figurative No. Edition Title Explanation Used 1. 20/08/2015 “ RI ready to This headline is statement by the lend a hand in National Police said that they are Ti bomb probe ready to assist Thai authorities in Synecdoche their investigation into an explosion in Bangkok on Monday that killed more than 20 people and wounded 123. 2. 21/8/2015 “Milan looks This headline is statement to put years of according to a new coach, a new Synecdoche mediocrity investor and possibility a new behind” stadium on the way, AC Milan looks as if it can finally put several years of confusion and medioctry behind them in Series A this season.

3. 21/8/2015 “Fishermen This headline is information to suffer income public thatreclamation project losses after restrict fishermen movement, reclamation” reduces catches KNTI says Metonymy members have changed jobs to garbage collection “ojek” driving washing motorbikes.

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4. 3/2/2013 BI props up This headline is information that underpressure rupiah nears 14,000 on Thursday rupiah BI impliments stricter Metonymy requirement for buying US dollars to end speculation. Shifts excess funds to longer-trm facilities. 5. 21/8/2015 “Gentle giant This headline is offering by a leads man 6-foot-6,bilt like a volunteers heavyweight bover and has helping tattoos all over his body.Baba Personification migrants” Mujhse may sound like the type is guy most people would run away from –but hundreds of desprate migrants are instead running to him for help

6. 20/08/2015 Otamendi This headline is information to signs on for Argentina defender Nicholas Manchester Otamendi has signed for Synecdoche City. Manchester City, the Premier League side announces on Thursday after a deal was agreed with his currect side Valencia. 7. 20/08/2015 “KPK should This headline is statement by the exist until Vice President Jusuf Kalla said Synecdoche corruption that the country still needed the extinct: Kalla” corruption Eradication Comission to combat corruption. 8. 18/08/2015 “Greater This headline is information Jakarta merry about foreign visitor participate Personification wih in a fun competation held as part celebrations” of independence day celebrations on Jalan Jaksa, an iconic tourist in Central Jakarta, Monday 9. 19/08/2015 “BI fighting This headline is critic to stop Personification against rupiah speculators who might be speculator” tempted to benefit from the rupiah’s recent fluctuation against the US dollar, asthe central bank signaled contiousness overthe under- presser currency 10. 18/08/2015 “Bad weather This headline is information of halts Trigana bad weather hampered efforts Personification plane search Monday to reach the debris of a in Papua” Trigana Air service plane carrying 54 people and Rp 6.5

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billion (US$470,000) in cash that crashed on a mountain slope near Oksibil, Papua 11. 21/08/2015 House This headline is information the struggling to House of Representative will Personification pass areted only aim to pass a maximum of legislation sixteen bills into low, fewer than it had planned before the start of the recess period that has just ended. 12. 11/8/2015 ASEAN urged This headline is opinion with to use AEC as reminders that the grouping must fodder for become more cohesive union, regional using the upcomingASEAN Synecdoche maturity Economic Community(AEC)to help it become a “mature”regional organization 13. 06/08/2015 RI economy This headline is a statement by ready for President Jokowi to get move on takeoff inlaunching their projects, with government spending showing Synecdoche promising sign of accellaration and optimism rising that the Indonesia’s economic slowdown may have already bottomed out.

14. 20/8/2015 Why do pretty This headline is a positive girls gounder statement to public that the Metonymy the knife? plastic surgeon for a boost of confidence a. Table analysis No. Types of headline Figurative Meaning 1. The types of headline statements Synecdoche (4) four times, Metonymy (1) are 5 (five) once.The writer found the most dominantly figurative meaning used in headline statements is Synecdoche. 2. The type of headline Offerings Personification (1) once. The writer found are 1 (one) the most dominantly figurative meaning used in headline offering is Personification 3. The type of headline Information Metonymy (2) two times, Synecdoche (1) are 6 (six) onetimes, Personification (3). The writer found the most dominantly figurative meaning used in headline Information is Personification. 4. The type of headline Critics are Personification (1) once. The writer found 1(one) the most dominantly figurative meaning used in headline.Critics isPersonification.

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6. The type of headline Opinion is 1 Synecdoche (1) once. The writer found the (one) most dominantly figurative meaning used in headline.Opinion isSynecdoche.

From the data above there were 14 important one, can represent two whole (fourteen) headline news that used and there is an effect of its causes. It figurative meaning and the writer found means figurative meaning have many only 3 (three) figurative meaning used in influences to Jakarta post headline news. the headline news, they are: 1. Metonymy. There are 3 (three) BIBLIOGRAPHY headline news of Jakarta post use Beatty, Jane N, 1992, Literature and this kind of figurative meaning. Language, Orange level, 2. Synecdoche. There are 6 (six) Evanston Company: Illinois headline news of Jakarta post use this kind of figurative meaning. Echols, John.M and hasan Shadily, 1994, 3. Personification. There are 5 (five) Kamus Indonesia Inggris, headline news of Jakarta post use Jakarta: Penerbit PT.Gramedia this kind of figurative meaning. Pustaka Umum The mostly dominant figurative meaning used in Jakarta Post headline Edward P.J Corbett, 1983, The Little news is Synecdoche (6). The writer of Rhetoric and Handbook with the news paper used Synecdoche in Reading, Ohio: Stated some situation to express the name of an University. attribute or a thing is substituted by another which is associated closely. The Gill, Richard, 1985, Mastering English close relationship between the objects Literature, London: Mcmillan can be the relation between a discoverer Education LTD and his invention, an ownerand the thing he owns, the cause and the reason. Guth Hans & Rico,G. 1997. Discovering Literature. Second Edition.. A CONCLUSION Blair Press Book Prentice Hall- Ink. For finishing the last assignment of the writer, the writer gives conclusion. Kennedy, X. 1989. An Introduction to Figurative meaning in headline news Fiction, Poetry and Drama more powerful attractive and acceptable to the reader. They are also used to Laurie G, Kirszner, 1983, Writing A attract reader’s attention and to make College Rhetoric, United States news more interesting. of America The writer also found that there are some figurative meaning used in Jakarta Merriam, A, 1981, Webster’s Third New post headline news on edition July 2015, International Dictionary of they are: Metonymy (3), Synecdoche (6), English Language, United States Personification (5), and the most of America G & C Merriam.com dominant of figurative meaning is Synecdoche (6). It used in all situations that show expression in which a small part of a thing mentioned. A small part of the thing, but a detail and very

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Pfister, M.. 1991. The teory And http://epaper.thejakartapost.com/epaper/i Analysis of drama. Cambridge phone/homepage.aspx? University Press. http//infogreget.blogspot.com/2013/03/p http://m.jakartapost.com/news/2015/08/1 engertian-serta-contoh-majas- 8badweather_halts_rigana_plane sinekdoke.html? _search_papua.hml. http/googleweblight.com/?lite-url=http:// http://m.thejakartapost.com/channel/hea dlines/10 Http://www.esortment.com

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