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Somerset's Ecological Network
Somerset’s Ecological Network Mapping the components of the ecological network in Somerset 2015 Report This report was produced by Michele Bowe, Eleanor Higginson, Jake Chant and Michelle Osbourn of Somerset Wildlife Trust, and Larry Burrows of Somerset County Council, with the support of Dr Kevin Watts of Forest Research. The BEETLE least-cost network model used to produce Somerset’s Ecological Network was developed by Forest Research (Watts et al, 2010). GIS data and mapping was produced with the support of Somerset Environmental Records Centre and First Ecology Somerset Wildlife Trust 34 Wellington Road Taunton TA1 5AW 01823 652 400 Email: [email protected] somersetwildlife.org Front Cover: Broadleaved woodland ecological network in East Mendip Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Policy and Legislative Background to Ecological Networks ............................................ 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 Government White Paper on the Natural Environment .............................................. 3 National Planning Policy Framework ......................................................................... 3 The Habitats and Birds Directives ............................................................................. 4 The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 .................................. -
Akes an Ant an Ant? Are Insects, and Insects Are Arth Ropods: Invertebrates (Animals With
~ . r. workers will begin to produce eggs if the queen dies. Because ~ eggs are unfertilized, they usually develop into males (see the discus : ~ iaplodiploidy and the evolution of eusociality later in this chapter). =- cases, however, workers can produce new queens either from un ze eggs (parthenogenetically) or after mating with a male ant. -;c. ant colony will continue to grow in size and add workers, but at -: :;oint it becomes mature and will begin sexual reproduction by pro· . ~ -irgin queens and males. Many specie s produce males and repro 0 _ " females just before the nuptial flight . Others produce males and ---: : ._ tive fem ales that stay in the nest for a long time before the nuptial :- ~. Our largest carpenter ant, Camponotus herculeanus, produces males _ . -:= 'n queens in late summer. They are groomed and fed by workers :;' 0 it the fall and winter before they emerge from the colonies for their ;;. ights in the spring. Fin ally, some species, including Monomoriurn : .:5 and Myrmica rubra, have large colonies with multiple que ens that .~ ..ew colonies asexually by fragmenting the original colony. However, _ --' e polygynous (literally, many queens) and polydomous (literally, uses, referring to their many nests) ants eventually go through a -">O=- r' sexual reproduction in which males and new queens are produced. ~ :- . ant colony thus functions as a highly social, organ ized "super _ _ " 1." The queens and mo st workers are safely hidden below ground : : ~ - ed within the interstices of rotting wood. But for the ant workers ~ '_i S ' go out and forage for food for the colony,'life above ground is - =- . -
Guidebook Contains Preliminary Findings of a Number of Concurrent Projects Being Worked on by the Trip Leaders
TH FRIENDS OF THE PLEISTOCENE, ROCKY MOUNTAIN-CELL, 45 FIELD CONFERENCE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE ALBUQUERQUE BASIN OCTOBER 12-14, 2001 SEAN D. CONNELL New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources-Albuquerque Office, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2808 Central Ave. SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 DAVID W. LOVE New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 JOHN D. SORRELL Tribal Hydrologist, Pueblo of Isleta, P.O. Box 1270, Isleta, NM 87022 J. BRUCE J. HARRISON Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 Open-File Report 454C and D Initial Release: October 11, 2001 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 NMBGMR OFR454 C & D INTRODUCTION This field-guide accompanies the 45th annual Rocky Mountain Cell of the Friends of the Pleistocene (FOP), held at Isleta Lakes, New Mexico. The Friends of the Pleistocene is an informal gathering of Quaternary geologists, geomorphologists, and pedologists who meet annually in the field. The field guide has been separated into two parts. Part C (open-file report 454C) contains the three-days of road logs and stop descriptions. Part D (open-file report 454D) contains a collection of mini-papers relevant to field-trip stops. This field guide is a companion to open-file report 454A and 454B, which accompanied a field trip for the annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain/South Central Section of the Geological Society of America, held in Albuquerque in late April. -
Guide to the Wood Ants of the UK
Guide to the Wood Ants of the UK and related species © Stewart Taylor © Stewart Taylor Wood Ants of the UK This guide is aimed at anyone who wants to learn more about mound-building woodland ants in the UK and how to identify the three ‘true’ Wood Ant species: Southern Red Wood Ant, Scottish Wood Ant and Hairy Wood Ant. The Blood-red Ant and Narrow-headed Ant (which overlap with the Wood Ants in their appearance, habitat and range) are also included here. The Shining Guest Ant is dependent on Wood Ants for survival so is included in this guide to raise awareness of this tiny and overlooked species. A further related species, Formica pratensis is not included in this guide. It has been considered extinct on mainland Britain since 2005 and is now only found on Jersey and Guernsey in the British Isles. Funding by CLIF, National Parks Protectors Published by the Cairngorms National Park Authority © CNPA 2021. All rights reserved. Contents What are Wood Ants? 02 Why are they important? 04 The Wood Ant calendar 05 Colony establishment and life cycle 06 Scottish Wood Ant 08 Hairy Wood Ant 09 Southern Red Wood Ant 10 Blood-red Ant 11 Narrow-headed Ant 12 Shining Guest Ant 13 Comparison between Shining Guest Ant and Slender Ant 14 Where to find Wood Ants 15 Nest mounds 18 Species distributions 19 Managing habitat for wood ants 22 Survey techniques and monitoring 25 Recording Wood Ants 26 Conservation status of Wood Ants 27 Further information 28 01 What are Wood Ants? Wood Ants are large, red and brown-black ants and in Europe most species live in woodland habitats. -
Ecography E6629 Machac, A., Janda, M., Dunn, R
Ecography E6629 Machac, A., Janda, M., Dunn, R. R. and Sanders, N. J. 2010. Elevational gradients in phylogenetic structure of ant communities reveal the interplay of biotic and abiotic constraints on species density. – Ecography 33: xxx–xxx. Supplementary material system is 250–2000 m (Fig. S1); we have sampled approximate- ly 90% of the extent of this elevational gradient (Sanders et al. 2007). Vorarlberg Mts (2600 km2) consist of several montane systems Appendix 1 (Silvretta, Ratikon, Verwall, Arlberg) formed during the Alpine orogeny (65 mya) (Fenninger et al. 1980). Flora and fauna of the region have been largely affected during the ice ages. Nowadays, Geography of the montane systems the temperate climate predominates but, indeed, fluctuates with elevation (350–3000 m) (Austrian Geological Survey 2010) (Fig. The geological system of Great Smoky Mts (2000 km2) was formed S1). approximately 200–300 mya. The mountains’ convenient north- Chiricahua Mts (2200 km2), composed of Tertiary volcanics, south orientation allowed the species to migrate along their slopes are situated in the deserts of southeastern Arizona, USA (Jenney during the times of climate changes (e.g. ice age 10 kya) (King and Reynolds 1989). Particular biological diversity of the moun- 1968). Therefore, the environment of Smoky Mts remained un- tain range stems from its position on the interface of four ecological disturbed by climate fluctuations for over a million years, hence, regions (Sonoran desert, Chihuahuan desert, Rocky Mountains, providing species a sufficient time for wide diversifications (US and Sierra Madre) (US Geological Survey 2010). The elevational Geological Survey 2010). The elevational span of the montane gradient spans from 1100 to 2900 m (Fig. -
Arthropods in Linear Elements
Arthropods in linear elements Occurrence, behaviour and conservation management Thesis committee Thesis supervisor: Prof. dr. Karlè V. Sýkora Professor of Ecological Construction and Management of Infrastructure Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group Wageningen University Thesis co‐supervisor: Dr. ir. André P. Schaffers Scientific researcher Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group Wageningen University Other members: Prof. dr. Dries Bonte Ghent University, Belgium Prof. dr. Hans Van Dyck Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium Prof. dr. Paul F.M. Opdam Wageningen University Prof. dr. Menno Schilthuizen University of Groningen This research was conducted under the auspices of SENSE (School for the Socio‐Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment) Arthropods in linear elements Occurrence, behaviour and conservation management Jinze Noordijk Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Doctorate Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 3 November 2009 at 1.30 PM in the Aula Noordijk J (2009) Arthropods in linear elements – occurrence, behaviour and conservation management Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen NL with references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN 978‐90‐8585‐492‐0 C’est une prairie au petit jour, quelque part sur la Terre. Caché sous cette prairie s’étend un monde démesuré, grand comme une planète. Les herbes folles s’y transforment en jungles impénétrables, les cailloux deviennent montagnes et le plus modeste trou d’eau prend les dimensions d’un océan. Nuridsany C & Pérennou M 1996. -
Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
THE ORIGIN OF WORKERLESS PARASITES IN LEPTOTHORAX (S.STR.) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) BY JORGEN HEINZE Theodor-Boveri-Institut (Biozentrum der Universitit), LS Verhaltensphysiologie und Soziobiologie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wtirzburg, F.R.G. ABSTRACT The evolutionary origin of workerless parasitic ants parasitizing colonies of Leptothorax (s.str.) is investigated using data on mor- phology, chromosome number, and allozyme phenotype of both social parasites and their hosts. Of the three previously proposed pathways, the evolution of workerless parasites from guest ants or slave-makers is unlikely, at least according to a phenogram obtained by UPGMA clustering of Nei's similarities based on seven enzymes. Intraspecific evolution of the workerless parasites Doronomyrmex goesswaldi, D. kutteri, and D. pacis from their common host, Leptothorax acervorum cannot be excluded with the present data. The workerless parasite L. paraxenus, however, clearly differs from its host, L. cf. canadensis, in morphology and biochemistry, and most probably did not evolve from the latter species. It is proposed to synonymize Doronomyrmex under Lep- tothorax (s.str.). INTRODUCTION Eusocial insects by definition are characterized by a division of labor between non-reproductive workers and reproductive queens. Nevertheless, in a small minority of ant, bee, and wasp species, the worker caste has been secondarily lost. Instead of founding their own colonies solitarily, the queens of these workerless social para- sites invade the nests of other, often closely related host species and exploit the present worker force to rear their own young. In 1present address: Zool. Inst. I, Univ. Erlangen-Ntirnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany Manuscript received 19 January 1996. -
En El Mioceno Tardío De Chiapas, México
Arculo cienfico Lum/enero-junio, vol. 2, no. 1, pag. 18-29 TELEOCERAS Y CF. PERACERAS (PERISSODACTYLA, RHINOCEROTIDAE) EN EL MIOCENO TARDÍO DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO Gerardo Carbot-Chanona Departamento de Paleontología, Dirección de Gestión, Investigación y Educación Ambiental, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural. Calzada de Las Personas Ilustres S/N, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México. [email protected] RESUMEN Se describen restos fósiles de rinoceronte recolectados en la localidad Puente Ixcán, municipio de Ocosingo, Chiapas, México. El mate- rial consiste en un P2 derecho y un radio derecho completo que presenta evidencias de arrastre. Los caracteres morfológicos y merís- cos, así como el rango temporal de la asociación faunísca, permiten asignar los ejemplares a Teleoceras cf. T. hicksi y cf. Peraceras sp. Los restos de rinoceronte se encuentran asociados con tortugas trioníquidas, cf. Crocodylus sp., un Caimaninae indeterminado, Gomp- hotherium sp. cf. G. hondurensis y un caballo indeterminado. La presencia de cf. T. hicksi y cf. G. hondurensis en la asociación faunísca permite proponer que pertenece al NALMA Henfiliano, documentando de esta manera la distribución más sureña de vertebrados terrestres del Mioceno tardío en México. Palabras clave: Rinoceronte, Neógeno, NALMA Henfiliano, asociación de vertebrados. ABSTRACT Rhinoceros fossil remains collected in the Puente Ixcán locality, Ocosingo municipality, Chiapas, Mexico are described. The material consists of a right P2 and a well-preserved right radius, that show dragging marks. The morphological and merisc characters, as well as temporal range of the faunal associaon, allow to assign the specimens as Teleoceras cf. T. hicksi and cf. Peraceras sp. The rhinoceros remains are associated with trionychid tortoises, cf. -
Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
THE ORIGIN OF WORKERLESS PARASITES IN LEPTOTHORAX (S.STR.) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) BY JORGEN HEINZE Theodor-Boveri-Institut (Biozentrum der Universitit), LS Verhaltensphysiologie und Soziobiologie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wtirzburg, F.R.G. ABSTRACT The evolutionary origin of workerless parasitic ants parasitizing colonies of Leptothorax (s.str.) is investigated using data on mor- phology, chromosome number, and allozyme phenotype of both social parasites and their hosts. Of the three previously proposed pathways, the evolution of workerless parasites from guest ants or slave-makers is unlikely, at least according to a phenogram obtained by UPGMA clustering of Nei's similarities based on seven enzymes. Intraspecific evolution of the workerless parasites Doronomyrmex goesswaldi, D. kutteri, and D. pacis from their common host, Leptothorax acervorum cannot be excluded with the present data. The workerless parasite L. paraxenus, however, clearly differs from its host, L. cf. canadensis, in morphology and biochemistry, and most probably did not evolve from the latter species. It is proposed to synonymize Doronomyrmex under Lep- tothorax (s.str.). INTRODUCTION Eusocial insects by definition are characterized by a division of labor between non-reproductive workers and reproductive queens. Nevertheless, in a small minority of ant, bee, and wasp species, the worker caste has been secondarily lost. Instead of founding their own colonies solitarily, the queens of these workerless social para- sites invade the nests of other, often closely related host species and exploit the present worker force to rear their own young. In 1present address: Zool. Inst. I, Univ. Erlangen-Ntirnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany Manuscript received 19 January 1996. -
Highland Biodiversity Action Plan 2010
HIGHLAND BAP March 2010 Foreword Facal-toisich This Biodiversity Action Plan has been drawn up by Highland Council on behalf of the Highland Biodiversity Partnership. The Partnership is made up of representatives of around 30 local groups and organisations committed to understanding, safeguarding, restoring and celebrating biodiversity within Highland. Our purpose is to provide guidance and support to the existing network of Local Biodiversity Groups, and to make progress on the key strategic biodiversity issues in the Highlands. It is this last point that we hope to address through this Plan. The Plan lists the key issues that have been brought to our attention since the Partnership started in 2005, and proposes a range of future actions or projects that we’d like to undertake in the next three years. We have made progress on nine of the ten strategic issues that were identified in the 2006 Highland BAP. This Plan proposes 24 new projects, each with simple, measurable targets and an identifiable lead partner. It is perhaps fitting that this Plan is being launched in 2010, the International Year of Biodiversity and understandably, a desire to raise awareness building on all the good work undertaken to date features strongly in it. We are of course bound by limits on the budget and resources that our partners can muster in these difficult times, but nonetheless we are confident that we can achieve a lot by working together and planning ahead. Please visit our website www.highlandbiodiversity.com for further information and an electronic -
Novel Blend of Life History Traits in an Inquiline Ant, Temnothorax Minutissimus, with Description of the Male (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Myrmecologische Nachrichten 6 67 - 76 Wien, Dezember 2004 Novel blend of life history traits in an inquiline ant, Temnothorax minutissimus, with description of the male (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Alfred BUSCHINGER & Timothy A. LINKSVAYER Abstract Forty-five colonies of Temnothorax curvispinosus (MAYR, 1866) containing the rare inquiline ant T. minu- tissimus (SMITH, 1942) have been collected near Bloomington, Indiana, USA. The colonies were censused and some were kept in laboratory culture. Dealate and alate females of T. curvispinosus and T. minutis- simus were dissected. The parasite females have a total of six ovarioles. Both, T. minutissimus and the host species, are facultatively polygynous, and the parasite is host-queen tolerant. Alate males were found in August and September. High numbers of alate and dealate, mated but not yet reproductive, young females of T. minutissimus were present in colonies collected in early spring, a feature which had been known as "Intranidal Mated Offspring Hibernation" (IMOH). Mated young queens of T. minutissimus seem to dis- perse in spring to invade host colonies. Apparently they are accepted quite easily by host colonies. Rearing of colonies collected in the early spring, or hibernated in the laboratory, yielded first a brood of sexuals of T. curvispinosus, and subsequently considerable numbers of gyne pupae of T. minutissimus appeared. Only very few males were produced (sex ratio about 0.1 ♂/♀). Intranidal mating attempts were observed, and newly mated young females were detected in colonies having reared gynes and males of T. minutissimus. Life history of the species thus is a novel combination of traits found in different other parasitic ant species: Intranidal mating and IMOH as in a few European "degenerate slavemakers" of the genus Myrmoxenus, but the parasite is host-queen tolerant, as is the case in two of the three European inquiline species of Lepto- thorax (former Doronomyrmex). -
Mojave Miocene Robert E
Mojave Miocene Robert E. Reynolds, editor California State University Desert Studies Center 2015 Desert Symposium April 2015 Front cover: Rainbow Basin syncline, with rendering of saber cat by Katura Reynolds. Back cover: Cajon Pass Title page: Jedediah Smith’s party crossing the burning Mojave Desert during the 1826 trek to California by Frederic Remington Past volumes in the Desert Symposium series may be accessed at <http://nsm.fullerton.edu/dsc/desert-studies-center-additional-information> 2 2015 desert symposium Table of contents Mojave Miocene: the field trip 7 Robert E. Reynolds and David M. Miller Miocene mammal diversity of the Mojave region in the context of Great Basin mammal history 34 Catherine Badgley, Tara M. Smiley, Katherine Loughney Regional and local correlations of feldspar geochemistry of the Peach Spring Tuff, Alvord Mountain, California 44 David C. Buesch Phytoliths of the Barstow Formation through the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum: preliminary findings 51 Katharine M. Loughney and Selena Y. Smith A fresh look at the Pickhandle Formation: Pyroclastic flows and fossiliferous lacustrine sediments 59 Jennifer Garrison and Robert E. Reynolds Biochronology of Brachycrus (Artiodactyla, Oreodontidae) and downward relocation of the Hemingfordian– Barstovian North American Land Mammal Age boundary in the respective type areas 63 E. Bruce Lander Mediochoerus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Oreodontidae, Ticholeptinae) from the Barstow and Hector Formations of the central Mojave Desert Province, southern California, and the Runningwater and Olcott Formations of the northern Nebraska Panhandle—Implications of changes in average adult body size through time and faunal provincialism 83 E. Bruce Lander Review of peccaries from the Barstow Formation of California 108 Donald L.