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En El Mioceno Tardío De Chiapas, México

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En El Mioceno Tardío De Chiapas, México Arculo cienfico Lum/enero-junio, vol. 2, no. 1, pag. 18-29 TELEOCERAS Y CF. PERACERAS (PERISSODACTYLA, RHINOCEROTIDAE) EN EL MIOCENO TARDÍO DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO Gerardo Carbot-Chanona Departamento de Paleontología, Dirección de Gestión, Investigación y Educación Ambiental, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural. Calzada de Las Personas Ilustres S/N, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México. [email protected] RESUMEN Se describen restos fósiles de rinoceronte recolectados en la localidad Puente Ixcán, municipio de Ocosingo, Chiapas, México. El mate- rial consiste en un P2 derecho y un radio derecho completo que presenta evidencias de arrastre. Los caracteres morfológicos y merís- cos, así como el rango temporal de la asociación faunísca, permiten asignar los ejemplares a Teleoceras cf. T. hicksi y cf. Peraceras sp. Los restos de rinoceronte se encuentran asociados con tortugas trioníquidas, cf. Crocodylus sp., un Caimaninae indeterminado, Gomp- hotherium sp. cf. G. hondurensis y un caballo indeterminado. La presencia de cf. T. hicksi y cf. G. hondurensis en la asociación faunísca permite proponer que pertenece al NALMA Henfiliano, documentando de esta manera la distribución más sureña de vertebrados terrestres del Mioceno tardío en México. Palabras clave: Rinoceronte, Neógeno, NALMA Henfiliano, asociación de vertebrados. ABSTRACT Rhinoceros fossil remains collected in the Puente Ixcán locality, Ocosingo municipality, Chiapas, Mexico are described. The material consists of a right P2 and a well-preserved right radius, that show dragging marks. The morphological and merisc characters, as well as temporal range of the faunal associaon, allow to assign the specimens as Teleoceras cf. T. hicksi and cf. Peraceras sp. The rhinoceros remains are associated with trionychid tortoises, cf. Crocodylus sp., an indeterminate Caimaninae, Gomphotherium sp. cf. G. hondurensis and an indeterminate horse. The presence of cf. T. hicksi and cf. G. hondurensis in the faunal associaon allowed to pro- pose a Hemphillian NALMA to the faunal associaon, thus documenng the southernmost distribuon of late Miocene land verte- brates in Mexico. Keywords: Rhinoceros, Neogene, Hemphillian NALMA, vertebrate associaon. INTRODUCCIÓN principalmente de localidades en los Estados Unidos de Améri- La Familia Rhinocerodae tuvo su origen en América del Norte ca (Prothero, 2005). En parcular, el género Teleoceras tuvo en el Eoceno temprano (~45 Ma) y posteriormente se dispersó una amplía distribución en América del Norte. Teleoceras fue hacia Asia, Europa y África (Prothero, 1993). Su ausencia en un componente común en las faunas del Barstoviano, Claren- América del Sur posiblemente se debe a que se exnguieron en doniano y Henfiliano, reconociéndose hasta ahora diez espe- América del Norte antes de la formación del Istmo de Panamá cies (Figura 1), diferenciadas entre sí por caracteres morfológi- (Cerdeño, 1998). Esta familia fue muy diversa ecológicamente cos y morfométricos del cráneo, molares y postcráneo (Prothe- y llegó a converrse en uno de los grupos de mamíferos más ro, 2005; Short et alii, 2019). exitoso en América del Norte, siendo un componente impor- Este género apareció en el Mioceno temprano (NALMA tante en las faunas de los NALMAs (North American Land Mam- Hemingfordiano tardío, Biocrón He2, ~17.5 Ma; Tedford et alii, mal Age, por sus siglas en inglés) del Arikareano al Henfiliano 2004) y desapareció en el límite Mioceno-Plioceno (NALMA (Prothero, 1998). Este grupo alcanzó su máxima diversificación Henfiliano más tardío, Biocrón Hh4, ~4.6 Ma; Tedford et alii, durante el Mioceno y varios géneros y especies son conocidos 2004). hps://lum.chiapas.gob.mx/ LUM 18 Arculo cienfico Lum/enero-junio, vol. 2, no. 1, pag. 18-29 Peraceras es otro género de rinoceronte presente en las La zona del afloramiento, denominada Puente Ixcán, se faunas del Mioceno de América del Norte. Este género apare- ubica sobre la carretera federal 307, a unos 4 km al sureste del ció en el Mioceno temprano (NALMA Hemingfordiano, Biocrón poblado Ixcán, municipio de Ocosingo, Chiapas, México (Figura He1, ~18.6 Ma; Tedford et alii, 2004) y desapareció en el Mioce- 2). Los datos exactos del sio de recolecta se encuentran en el no tardío (NALMA Clarendoniano, Biocrón Cl3, ~9.5 Ma; Ted- catálogo de localidades de la Colección Paleontológica de la ford et alii, 2004, Prothero, 2005). Tres especies están incluidas Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural. El aflora- en el género Peraceras: P. hessei, P. profectum y P. supercilio- miento colinda con Guatemala por el sur y con la reserva de la sum (Prothero y Manning, 1987; Prothero, 1998). Biosfera Montes Azules por el noreste. La zona es dominada Teleoceras ha sido documentado en varias localidades de por una planicie extensa cubierta en su mayoría por vegetación México. El primer reporte hace referencia a la mitad de la rama de selva alta perennifolia, aunque afloran algunas zonas despe- mandibular de un rinoceronte procedente del Valle de Toluca, jadas de malpaís. el cual fue determinado como Aphelops (=Teleoceras) fossiger (Cope, 1883). En trabajos posteriores se reporta la presencia de Geología y paleontología este género en Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Jalisco, El afloramiento de la localidad Puente Ixcán está conforma- Michoacán, Hidalgo y Chiapas (Maldonado, 1954; Brunet, do principalmente por una secuencia de estratos de sedimen- 1968; Lindsay, 1984; Carranza-Castañeda, 1989; Ferrusquía- tos detrícos pobremente consolidados dispuestos en posi- Villafranca, 1990; Casllo et alii, 1996; Carbot-Chanona et alii, 2009). Por el contrario, Peraceras aún no ha sido documentado Figura 1. Alcance biocronológico de las especies de rinocerontes en México. presentes en América del Norte durante el Oligoceno y Mioceno. Para Chiapas, el único registro previo de un rinoceronte fue OLIGOCENO MIOCENO dado por Ferrusquía-Villafranca (1990), quien reportó a cf. Teleoceras sp. con base en un segundo premolar superior dere- Ari Hem Bar Cla Hf cho y fragmentos de molares indeterminados, supuestamente recuperados de sedimentos pertenecientes a la Formación Diceratherium armatum Ixtapa (con fechamiento radioisotópico promedio de 14.62 Diceratherium annectens Ma) en el del área Ixtapa-Soyaló. Para la misma localidad se Diceratherium niobrarense describieron restos asignados como aff. Cormohipparion y Gulfoceras westfalli Gomphotherium sp.; esta fauna local fue referida al NALMA Menoceras arikarense Barstoviano temprano (Ba1) en la cronología de mamíferos Menoceras barbouri (Tedford et alii, 2004). No obstante, la edad de la Formación Floridaceras whitei Galushaceras levellorum Ixtapa fue asignada posteriormente al Mioceno tardío- Aphelops megalodus Plioceno temprano (Meneses-Rocha, 2001), por lo que es muy Aphelops malacorhinus probable que la fauna recuperada de la Formación Ixtapa en Aphelops mutilus realidad tenga una edad NALMA Henfiliano. Peraceras profectum Como se menciona en párrafos anteriores, el registro de Peraceras hessei rinocerontes en México es escaso. Por ende, el reporte de nue- Peraceras superciliosum vos ejemplares es importante para entender su distribución en Teleoceras americanum la parte tropical de América del Norte. Teleoceras medicornutum En este trabajo se describen formalmente un segundo Teleoceras meridianum premolar superior y un radio derecho de rinocerontes, referi- Teleoceras brachyrhinum dos respecvamente como Teleoceras cf. T. hicksi y cf. Perace- Teleoceras major ras sp., los cuales fueron recuperados por personal del Museo Teleoceras proterum de Paleontología “Eliseo Palacios Aguilera” en la localidad Teleoceras fossiger Puente Ixcán, en el municipio de Ocosingo, Chiapas. Teleoceras hicksi Teleoceras guymonense ÁREA DE ESTUDIO Teleoceras aepysoma Ubicación hps://lum.chiapas.gob.mx/ 19 LUM Arculo cienfico Lum/enero-junio, vol. 2, no. 1, pag. 18-29 Figura 2. Ubicación de la localidad Puente Ixcán, Chiapas, México. ción horizontal, que en total enen 8 m de espesor. La litología trón de tortugas (Brochu y Carbot-Chanona, 2015; Carbot- está compuesta principalmente de arena de grano medio de Chanona, 2017; Gómez-Pérez y Carbot-Chanona, 2018). color gris oscuro a gris claro, en la que se entremezclan lentes de arena gruesa y grava; estos lentes conenen abundantes MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS restos de moluscos ostreídos y gasterópodos. Material estudiado La fauna asociada a los restos de rinocerontes incluye Gomp- El P2 descrito en este trabajo fue comparado morfológica y hoterium sp., un équido indeterminado, cf. Crocodylus sp., un meríscamente con el P2 de Teleoceras aepysoma, T. hicksi, T. Caimaninae indeterminado y fragmentos del caparazón y plas- guymonense y T. fossiger reportados en la literatura, así como hps://lum.chiapas.gob.mx/ LUM 20 Arculo cienfico Lum/enero-junio, vol. 2, no. 1, pag. 18-29 con los ejemplares de T. hicksi de la Cuenca de Tecolotlán des- ulna, TR = tuberosidad radial. critos por Carbot-Chanona et alii (2009). Por su parte, el radio Abreviaturas Instucionales. IHN-FG = Instuto de Historia IHNFG-2714 fue comparado con radios de Teleoceras aepyso- Natural-Fósiles Geográficos; MPG-R = Museo de Paleontología ma, T. hicksi, T. guymonense, T. fossiger, Peraceras hessei y P. de Guadalajara; MRG = Museo Regional de Guadalajara. profectum reportados en la literatura. Otras abreviaturas. Ma = Mega annum, que significa Las medidas fueron obtenidas ulizando un vernier digital millones de años; NALMA = North American Land Mammal Age (rango de error de 0.1 mm) y se expresan en milímetros. La (Edad de Mamíferos Terrestres de América
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