DOCSLIB.ORG

Chronological Sequence and Subdivision of Chinese Neogene

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chronological Sequence and Subdivision of Chinese Neogene ELSEVIER Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116 (1995) 41-70 Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas * Zhanxiang Qiu and ZhudingQiu Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China Received 21 January 1994; revised and accepted 28 September 1994 Abstract Six land mammal ages are recognized for the Neogene of East Asia. The ages are based upon updated large and small mammal faunas and replace or redefine the land mammal stages erected by Li et al. (1984). Comparisons and correlations are made to faunas in Europe, Northern and Southern Asia, and North America, In addition, methods of utilizing mammalian faunal data to define and recognize geochronologic ages are discussed. 1. Introduction marine sequences were enhanced. In China system- atic research in Neogene stratigraphy began only Chinese Neogene deposits to date have yet to in the late 1970s. Li et al. (1984) conducted an be categorically recognized, in contrast with introductory profile of recent international devel- Europe, where a standard sequence of continental opments and made preliminary correlations of the Neogene sediments and their chronologic subdivi- Chinese Neogene with that of Europe above the sions has been developed. A vast majority of level of stage/age. Research during the past decade Chinese Neogene sediments pertain to continental has gradually refined the correlation precision to facies although some marine sediments are located the stage/age level. These recent results are scat- along the southeast coastal region and in the tered throughout the literature on individual taxo- southwestern corner of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang nomic descriptions and often out of sight of the Autonomous Region. Consequently, in China, reli- stratigraphers in general. Recently, Z.X. Qiu able chronologic subdivision of Neogene terrestrial (1989) provided a succession of Chinese Neogene sediments is best provided through the application mammal localities with their chronologic subdivi- of fossil mammals, by virtue of their high evolu- sions. Utilizing that text as a foundation, this tionary rates, abilities for far-ranging migration, paper augments the information by the inclusion and high probability for being fossilized. of recent micromammal data to provide a further After the conclusion of World War II, both basis for chronologic subdivision and correlations. Europe and North America made rapid advance- ments in Neogene research. Traditional subdivi- sions of Neogene sediments were greatly modified 2. A brief introduction to the Chinese Neogene and the precision for correlation of terrestrial to mammalian local faunas and their succession * Translated by Will Downs, BilbyResearch Center, Northern This text adopts the terminology "local fauna" Arizona University, Flagstaff,AZ 86011-6013 USA. proposed by H.E. Wood et al. (1941). Woodburne 0031-0182/95/$9.50 © 1995 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0031-0182(94)00095-6 42 Z Qiu, Z. Qiu/Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116 (1995) 41 70 (1987) later defined the term as: "An assemblage specialized Oligocene fauna. The consensus of of fossil vertebrates of specific taxonomic composi- European work over the past several decades has tion recovered from one or a few sites that are shifted the Aquitanian Stage from the Oligocene closely spaced stratigraphically and geographi- into the Miocene, which pushes the Lower cally." Tedford (1970) interpreted "local fauna" Miocene boundary back to approximately 24 Ma. as a reflection of what is actually and most primar- The Lanzhou taxa Tsaganomys, Leptotataromys, ily discovered with little element of abstraction and Tataromys grangeri are elements frequently and extrapolation. The precise definition of observed in Middle to Late Oligocene assemblages; "fauna" then, is an aggregation of many taxa of however, T. suni is a derived ctenodactylid, the mammals from a few stratigraphic levels, over a type specimen of which was found in the Miocene relatively broad area, with more elements of Xiejia Local Fauna. This situation is very similar abstraction. For brevity's sake, in case no special to that of Aquitanian mammal assemblages in emphasis is needed and no ambiguity may occur, Europe. (2) Two faunas in the former Soviet the generalized term "fauna" is applied. The over- Union, Agysp6 in Kazakhstan and Benara in all arrangements of these ages and their interconti- Georgia, have similar relationships and are recog- nental correlations are summarized in Table 1 and nized as earliest Miocene. The former locality the locations of their local faunas are shown produces taxa including Desmatolagus and in Fig. 1. Tataromys cf. deflexus; the latter locality produces forms including Brontotheriidae, Tsaganomys, 2.1. Earl); Miocene." Xiejia Age Lophiomeryx, and others. These taxa clearly indi- cate these faunas to be a bit more archaic. If these Lanzhou Local Fauna two faunas are assigned to MN1 (Mammal Locality: North slope of Gaolanshan Mountain, Neogene Zone 1), there is no reason to exclude south of the Lanzhou Railway Station, Gansu the younger Lanzhou fauna from the Miocene. (3) Province. The appearance of Metexallerix, which is much Fossil mammals: Six species total: Metexallerix more advanced than Exallerix from the Middle gaolanshanensis, Tataromys grangerL T. sp., T. Oligocene fauna of Hsanda Gol, Mongolia may sunL Leptotataromys cf. gracilidens, Tsaganomys also favour the assignment. However, with regard altaicus (Qiu and Gu, 1988). to its evolutionary stage, Metexallerix approaches Discussion: Four formations are recognized the earliest North American Brachyerix, the record among the red beds of the Lanzhou Basin accord- of which does not exceed 21 Ma in age. ing to a 1981 report by the Gansu Regional Survey Related faunas: A similar fauna dominated by Brigade: the Xiliugou Fm., Yehucheng Fm., micromammals was discovered in 1982 within the Xianshuihe Fm., and Linxia Fm. The Yehucheng Suosuoquan Formation in the Wulonghe River Fm. is "characterized by abundant gypsum and Valley along the northern borders of the Jungar mirabilite." The aforementioned taxa are reco- Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Taxa pub- vered from abundantly gypsiferous red clays, lished from this assemblage include Prodistylomys which undoubtedly represent the Yehucheng Fm. xinjiangensis (Wang and Qi, 1989) and The regional survey brigade regards the age of Sinolagomys ulunguensis (Tong, 1989). A prelimi- these deposits as Oligocene. nary report by Y.S. Tong et al. (1987) also includes This paper assigns the age of Early Miocene to the genera Palaeoerinaceus, Tachyoryctoides, this fauna for the following reasons: (1) Its faunal Parasminthus, and Palaeogale. Furthermore, a character resembles the European fauna correlated manuscript by M.C. McKenna suggests a new to the Aquitanian marine stage. Its principal ele- species of Exallerix in this fauna. Currently, the ments consist of advanced or derived Oligocene age of the fauna is generally recognized as forms, yet the fauna lacks typical Miocene immi- Oligocene, although S. ulunguensis is demonstrably grants such as Proboscidea and Anchitherium. more derived than Late Oligocene species of the Consequently, it may be regarded as a derived and same genus. This assemblage is regarded here as Table 1 Subdivision and corellation of Chinese terrestrial Neogene faunas .,-7,. EUROPE C H I N A Marine Paratethys Continental CONTINENTAL AGE/ AGE/ IMAMMAL~ DIAGNOSTIC TAXA ~ AGE UNIT AGE Typic~ Related Local Locfl STAGE STAGE AGE ~ (Li, 1984) (Qiu, This Fauna Fauna N < ~' 1989) Text MICRO MAMMALS LARGE MAMMALS N Pliest. Calabrian Biharian Nihewan- Nihewan- Borsodia cldnensis, Mimomys gansunicus Equus sanmeniensis Romanian 18 ian VI ian . Xiashagou Piacenzian Villafran- 17 Youhean Youhe Mimomys orientalis, Germanomys, Elephas youheensis chian 16 Mazegou Jingle Daodi Chardinomys louisi, Pliopentalagus* E" Yushean Chasmaporthetes kani, Pliohyaena, ;~ 15 Jinglean V Bilike Mimomys sp. nov.* Chardmamys yusheensis :~ ~ Zanclian Dagian Ruscinian 14 Gaozhuang Hypolagus,* Rhagapodemus Hipparion (Proboscidipparion) pater, 5 m Nyctereutes, Paracamelus Ertemte Hart Obo Apodemus orientalis, Karnimata, 13 ~ Messinian Orientalomys similis, Lophocricetus Procapreolus, Meles, Martes anderssoni grabaui, Microtodon Pontian Turolian 12 Baodean Baode Qingyang (Loc. 30) Jilong Songshza Hipparion FAUNA Baodean/ Huanggang Heterosorex.# Brachyrhizomys tetracharax. Ailurarctos orientalis, Hipparion nagriensis, Tortonian 11 IV Lufengian Lufeng Kowalskia~* Pmgonomys wui,# Yunomys Lufengpithecus lufengensis ,.d Hipparion weihoense, Dinocrocuta, 10 aahe -10 Pannonian Vallesian Bahean Wuzhong Bulong Ningxiatherium Hipparion,* Anchitherium, Acerorhinus Amuwtlsu 9 Tsaidam Xiaolongtan Democwtcetodon,#Plesiod~us,# Pros~phneus* tsaidamensis 8 Platybelodon grangeri,# Oioceros grangerl, Sarmatian ~ ~ Tunggur Etlanggang Plesiodipus leei, Heterosminthus, Alloptox Lm~'anshan gobiensis, Bellatonaforsythmajori Listriodon -r- Karamaygay = .~ Serravallian Astaracian 7 ~ III ~ Lengshuigou Alloptox minor "Hispanotherium," Paleotragus Sansanosmilus palmidens, Platybelodon tongxinensis,* Kubanochoerus, Chilotherium* •15 o .- Badenian 6 ['~ ['~ ' Dingjiaergou JiulongkouKoujiacun Shanwang Xiaodian • Ansomys shanwangensis, Meinia asiaticus, ' Ursavus orientalis, Palaeotapirus ._ Langhian Diatomys shanwangensis xiejiaheensis, Lagomeryx colberti, Palaeomeryx tricornis -& Karpatian 5 .~~ II Anam~ orienta~ Megt~itz.to&maft
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Species of the Rhinoceros Alicornops from the Middle Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu, China
    A NEW SPECIES OF THE RHINOCEROS ALICORNOPS FROM THE MIDDLE MIOCENE OF THE LINXIA BASIN, GANSU, CHINA by TAO DENG . A new species of the genus Alicornops, A. laogouense, from Laogou in Hezheng County, Linxia Basin, China, is described. It is mid-sized in the subfamily Aceratheriinae, but is the largest known species of It represents the first discovery of the genus in Asia. The Middle Miocene fauna bearing A. laogouense is lteI1npOlranleOllS with the Dingjiaergou fauna of Tongxin, Ningxia, China, and its age corresponds to MN 6 in Europe. discovery of A. laogouense in the Linxia Basin implies that Alicornops dispersed from Europe to Asia. During 6 times it was relatively widespread throughout Eurasia. Alicornops laogouense lived in open woodland rich in and rivers. WORDS: Linxia Basin, China, Middle Miocene, Rhinocerotidae, Aceratheriinae. HE Late Cenozoic deposits in the Linxia Basin, Gansu, China, are thick and well exposed. Recently, a m""'''''''<> 11' <In fauna consisting of abundant fossils was discovered in this basin in Middle Miocene deposits Laogou in Hezheng County (Text-fig. 1). The deposits consist of greyish yellow, gravelly, generally .dated sands and occasionally hard sandstones. The sands are mostly medium grained and contain fine gravels. The thickness of the deposits is approximately 58 m. The overlying deposits are grey, rusty yellow sandstones and fine gravels. The underlying beds are alternating thin-bedded light and light orange clays. Judging by the percentage of specimens recovered, proboscideans were dominant and rhinocerotids secondary in this fauna. The known fossils include Amphicyon tairumensis, Anchitheriwn gobiensis, herium sp., Hemicyon teilhardi, Hispanotheriwn matritense, Kubanochoerus gigas, Listriodon liensis, Palaeotragus tungurensis, Platybelodon grangeri, Pliopithecus sp., Zygolophodon sp., and rhrnoc:en)s described herein.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Dimorphism in Perissodactyl Rhinocerotid Chilotherium Wimani from the Late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China)
    Sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid Chilotherium wimani from the late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) SHAOKUN CHEN, TAO DENG, SUKUAN HOU, QINQIN SHI, and LIBO PANG Chen, S., Deng, T., Hou, S., Shi, Q., and Pang, L. 2010. Sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid Chilotherium wimani from the late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55 (4): 587–597. Sexual dimorphism is reviewed and described in adult skulls of Chilotherium wimani from the Linxia Basin. Via the anal− ysis and comparison, several very significant sexually dimorphic features are recognized. Tusks (i2), symphysis and oc− cipital surface are larger in males. Sexual dimorphism in the mandible is significant. The anterior mandibular morphology is more sexually dimorphic than the posterior part. The most clearly dimorphic character is i2 length, and this is consistent with intrasexual competition where males invest large amounts of energy jousting with each other. The molar length, the height and the area of the occipital surface are correlated with body mass, and body mass sexual dimorphism is compared. Society behavior and paleoecology of C. wimani are different from most extinct or extant rhinos. M/F ratio indicates that the mortality of young males is higher than females. According to the suite of dimorphic features of the skull of C. wimani, the tentative sex discriminant functions are set up in order to identify the gender of the skulls. Key words: Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Chilotherium wimani, sexual dimorphism, statistics, late Miocene, China. Shaokun Chen [[email protected]], Chongqing Three Gorges Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Three Gorges Museum, 236 Ren−Min Road, Chongqing 400015, China and Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi−Zhi−Men−Wai Street, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • FOSSIL RHINOCEROSES of MYANMAR.Pdf (2235
    Jour, Mya n. Aca d. Arts & Sc. 2014 Vol. Xli. No.6 FOSSIL RHINOCEROSES OF MYANMAR Zh . r-. t.J ullg Maung Thein', Thaung Htike2, Maung Maung3 Abstract Rhinocer....ses, the family Rhinocerotidae, currently inhabit in Africa and South and Southeas t Asia. In the fossil record. this family was diversified into many gene-a and species, and was widely distributed throughout No rth America, Asia. Europe and Africa in the geological past. In Myanmar. fossil remains of rhinoceroses have b-en doc umented in the late Eocene Pondaung Formation belonging to one species (cf. Teletaceras sp.). However. remains of rhinoceros are comm on in the Neogene of central Myanmar represen ting four genera ("Diceratherium" naricum, Brachypotherinm petimense, Brachypotherium fat ehjangense, Rhinoceros sondaicus, Rhinoceros sp., Dicerorhinus gwebinensis.; Ilicerorhinus sp.) and one indeterm inate genus (tota l eight species). Neogene rhinoceros of Myanmar are also common ly known in the Indian Subcontinent, ind icating the possible faunal exchanges between these regions. Hov eve r. presence of some faunal elements such as elephant (Sinomastodon sp.) and wild boar tPropotamochoerus sp.} in the Pliocene or later period suggests a possible faunal exchange with East Asia. Keywords: Irrawaddy Formation, Neogene, Pondaung Formation, Rhinocerotidae, systematic paleontology Introdu ction The family Rhinocerotidae first arose in the Eocene as one clade of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea together with Hyracodontidae and Amynodontidae. This family is now in the danger of extinction, and its distribution is limited to Africa and Asian Region (Martin et ai, 2001). However, it was diversified into many genera and species, and was widely distributed throughout North America, Asia, Europe and Africa in the geological past (Prothero et al.
    [Show full text]
  • En El Mioceno Tardío De Chiapas, México
    Arculo cienfico Lum/enero-junio, vol. 2, no. 1, pag. 18-29 TELEOCERAS Y CF. PERACERAS (PERISSODACTYLA, RHINOCEROTIDAE) EN EL MIOCENO TARDÍO DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO Gerardo Carbot-Chanona Departamento de Paleontología, Dirección de Gestión, Investigación y Educación Ambiental, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural. Calzada de Las Personas Ilustres S/N, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México. [email protected] RESUMEN Se describen restos fósiles de rinoceronte recolectados en la localidad Puente Ixcán, municipio de Ocosingo, Chiapas, México. El mate- rial consiste en un P2 derecho y un radio derecho completo que presenta evidencias de arrastre. Los caracteres morfológicos y merís- cos, así como el rango temporal de la asociación faunísca, permiten asignar los ejemplares a Teleoceras cf. T. hicksi y cf. Peraceras sp. Los restos de rinoceronte se encuentran asociados con tortugas trioníquidas, cf. Crocodylus sp., un Caimaninae indeterminado, Gomp- hotherium sp. cf. G. hondurensis y un caballo indeterminado. La presencia de cf. T. hicksi y cf. G. hondurensis en la asociación faunísca permite proponer que pertenece al NALMA Henfiliano, documentando de esta manera la distribución más sureña de vertebrados terrestres del Mioceno tardío en México. Palabras clave: Rinoceronte, Neógeno, NALMA Henfiliano, asociación de vertebrados. ABSTRACT Rhinoceros fossil remains collected in the Puente Ixcán locality, Ocosingo municipality, Chiapas, Mexico are described. The material consists of a right P2 and a well-preserved right radius, that show dragging marks. The morphological and merisc characters, as well as temporal range of the faunal associaon, allow to assign the specimens as Teleoceras cf. T. hicksi and cf. Peraceras sp. The rhinoceros remains are associated with trionychid tortoises, cf.
    [Show full text]
  • (Mammalia: Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene Hominoid Fauna
    G Model GEOBIO-654; No. of Pages 10 Geobios xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Available online at ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com Original article A juvenile skull of Acerorhinus yuanmouensis (Mammalia: Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene hominoid § fauna of the Yuanmou Basin (Yunnan, China) a,b, Xiaokang Lu * a Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China b University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: A unique juvenile skull bearing both milk premolars and unerupted but fully developed permanent Received 4 February 2013 premolars and molars (observed using X-ray microcomputed tomography), and some isolated upper Accepted 10 October 2013 cheek teeth, all from the Late Miocene hominoid fauna of the Yuanmou Basin (Yunnan, China), closely Available online xxx resemble craniodental material of Acerorhinus yuanmouensis Zong, 1998 from the same locality, and are referred to this species. A phylogenetic analysis based on 214 craniodental morphological characters Keywords: scored for 31 terminal taxa reveals that A. yuanmouensis should be assigned to the genus Acerorhinus Acerorhinus indeed. The newly discovered specimens improve our understanding of this species, especially with Aceratheriinae respect to the morphology of the milk premolars and premolars. Two intraspecific variations in the upper Ontogeny premolars are noted: a lingual bridge may be present or absent, and the lingual cingulum continuous or Cladistic analysis Late Miocene reduced. The analysis also indicates that: the phylogenetic status of Acerorhinus lufengensis Deng and Qi, Yuanmou 2009 should be reconsidered; ‘‘Aceratherium’’ huadeensis Qiu, 1979 does neither belong to Aceratherium Hominoid fauna nor Acerorhinus, and its phylogenetic status remains debatable.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Faunal Change of Late Miocene Africa and Eurasia: Mammalian
    Faunal Change of Late Miocene Africa and Eurasia: Title Mammalian Fauna from the Namurungule Formation, Samburu Hills, Northern Kenya Author(s) NAKAYA, Hideo African study monographs. Supplementary issue (1994), 20: 1- Citation 112 Issue Date 1994-03 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/68370 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University African Study Monographs, Supp!. 20: 1-112, March 1994 FAUNAL CHANGE OF LATE MIOCENE AFRICA AND EURASIA: MAMMALIAN FAUNA FROM THE NAMURUNGULE FORMATION, SAMBURU HILLS, NORTHERN KENYA Hideo NAKAYA Department ofEarth Sciences, Kagawa University ABSTRACT The Namurungule Formation yields a large amount of mammals of a formerly unknown and diversified vertebrate assemblage of the late Miocene. The Namurungule Formation has been dated as approximately 7 to 10 Ma. This age agrees with the mammalian assemblage of the Namurungule Formation. Sedimentological evidence of this formation supports that the Namurungule Formation was deposited in lacustrine and/or fluvial environments. Numerous equid and bovid remains were found from the Namurungule Formation. These taxa indicate the open woodland to savanna environments. Assemblage of the Namurungule Fauna indicates a close similarity to those of North Africa, Southwest and Central Europe, and some similarity to Sub­ Paratethys, Siwaliks and East Asia faunas. The Namurungule Fauna was the richest among late Miocene (Turolian) Sub-Saharan faunas. From an analysis of Neogene East African faunas, it became clear that mammalian faunal assemblage drastically has changed from woodland fauna to openland fauna during Astaracian to Turolian. The Namurungule Fauna is the forerunner of the modem Sub-Saharan (Ethiopian) faunas in savanna and woodland environments. Key Words: Mammal; Neogene; Miocene; Sub-Saharan Africa; Kenya; Paleobiogeography; Paleoecology; Faunal turnover.
    [Show full text]
  • DSA10 Giourtsakis
    Ioannis X. Giaourtsakis Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Late Neogene Rhinocerotidae of Greece: distribution, diversity and stratigraphical range Giaourtsakis, I.X., 2003 - Late Neogene Rhinocerotidae of Greece: distribution, diversity and stra- tigraphical range - in: Reumer, J.W.F. & Wessels, W. (eds.) - DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS IN EURASIA. A VOLUME IN HONOUR OF HANS DE BRUIJN - DEINSEA 10: 235- 253 [ISSN 0923-9308] Published 1 December 2003 The present contribution provides a comprehensive overview of the Neogene rhinoceroses of Greece and evaluates their affinities with the European and Asian species. The distribution, diver- sity and dispersal of the family in the Eastern Mediterranean are discussed in detail. Knowledge of rhinos during the Middle Miocene in Greece is still very limited, because of the scarce mate- rial. During the Late Miocene the family was diverse and abundant in Greece. The dominant form, Ceratotherium neumayri, was probably an African immigrant that invaded Southeastern Europe, Anatolia and the Middle East during the Late Miocene. This rather subhypsodont tandem-horned rhino has already achieved most of the apomorphic characters of the living Dicerotina. The con- temporary species Dihoplus pikermiensis is also common, but the origin and evolutionary rela- tionships among its Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene relatives are still controversial. The Greek Late Miocene representatives of the subfamily Aceratheriinae are obviously closer related to the Asian genera Chilotherium and Acerorhinus, than to the typical aceratheres Aceratherium, Alicornops and Hoploaceratherium found in Central and Western Europe at the same time. Chilotherium and Acerorhinus migrated into Greece from Central Asia trough Anatolia at the beginning of the Vallesian.
    [Show full text]
  • MERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 78 the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY May 25, 1923 New York City
    -MERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 78 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY May 25, 1923 New York City 56.9,72B(51.7) BALUCHITHERIUM GRANGERI, A GIANT HORNLESS RHINOCEROS FROM MONGOLIA BY HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN' In previous communications on the rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros Con- tributions 1 to 11), Osborn separated six distinct phyla or subfamilies. The remarkable discoveries by Clive Forster Cooper in Baluchistan, by A. Borissiak in north Turkestan, and by Walter Granger of the Third Asiatic Expedition in southeastern and central Mongolia, indicate the existence of a seventh subfamily which we may term Baluchitheriinw, if the generic name proves valid. At present our knowledge rests on the following materials: BUGTI HILLS, Chur-lando, Baluchistan. Cooper Collection, British Museum. Paraceratherium bugtiense Cooper, December 1911. Fairly complete skulls and lower jaws of about the size of a large rhinoceros, simple aceratherine molars, abnormal lower incisors. Y'haumastotherium osborni Cooper, October 1913, changed to Baluchitherium osborni Cooper, November 1913. Fragmentary skeletal remains found in close proximity to Paraceratherium, including neck vertebrae, foot and limb bones of elephantine size. TURGAI, a province of north Turkestan. Discoveries by A. Borissiak, published 1915-1918. Indricotherium asiaticum Borissiak, 1916. Teeth, skull, and skeletal remains, occurring in situ and resembling both Paraceratherium and Baluchitherium. Epiaceratherium turgaicum Borissiak, 1918.2 LOH, central Mongolia, Third Asiatic Expedition Collection, 1922. Associated skull and skeletal remains similar in size to the type of Baluchitherium osborni. Baluchitherium grangeri, new species. Type, nearly complete skull and jaws (Amer. Mus. 18650) associated with parts of vertebrae and of limb bones, as described in the present bulletin.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Online Publication
    ChinaXiv合作期刊 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.180109 A new species of Chilotherium (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene of Qingyang, Gansu, China SUN Dan-Hui1,2 LI Yu1,2 DENG Tao1,2,3,4* (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 * Corresponding author: [email protected]) (2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049) (3 TCAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044) Advanced(4 Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjingonline University Nanjing 210023) publication Abstract An adult skull with articulated atlas and an adult mandible, collected by Emile Licent in 1920 from the Late Miocene of Qingyang (Gansu, China), is recognized as a new species Chilotherium licenti sp. nov. These specimens possess typical characters of the genus Chilotherium, such as the strongly expanded mandibular symphysis, the huge and dagger-shaped i2s with an upturned medial flange, strongly constricted protocones, well-developed crochet and crista, and weakly developed parastyle folds and paracone ribs. Chilotherium licenti is characterized by the near absence of lingual and buccal cingula, and the medifossette on P2 to M2 forming by well-developed crochet and crista. The derived characters of the new species indicate that it is the highly specialized taxon of the genus Chilotherium, corresponding to MN12–13 of the Turolian in Europe. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of rhinocerotids, C. licenti from the Late Miocene is the most derived species in the known species of the Chilotherium lineage.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia: Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene Hominoid
    Geobios 46 (2013) 539–548 Available online at ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com Original article A juvenile skull of Acerorhinus yuanmouensis (Mammalia: Rhinocerotidae) from the Late Miocene hominoid § fauna of the Yuanmou Basin (Yunnan, China) a,b, Xiaokang Lu * a Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China b University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: A unique juvenile skull bearing both milk premolars and unerupted but fully developed permanent Received 4 February 2013 premolars and molars (observed using X-ray microcomputed tomography), and some isolated upper Accepted 10 October 2013 cheek teeth, all from the Late Miocene hominoid fauna of the Yuanmou Basin (Yunnan, China), closely Available online 23 October 2013 resemble craniodental material of Acerorhinus yuanmouensis Zong, 1998 from the same locality, and are referred to this species. A phylogenetic analysis based on 214 craniodental morphological characters Keywords: scored for 31 terminal taxa reveals that A. yuanmouensis should be assigned to the genus Acerorhinus Acerorhinus indeed. The newly discovered specimens improve our understanding of this species, especially with Aceratheriinae respect to the morphology of the milk premolars and premolars. Two intraspecific variations in the upper Ontogeny premolars are noted: a lingual bridge may be present or absent, and the lingual cingulum continuous or Cladistic analysis Late Miocene reduced. The analysis also indicates that: the phylogenetic status of Acerorhinus lufengensis Deng and Qi, Yuanmou 2009 should be reconsidered; ‘‘Aceratherium’’ huadeensis Qiu, 1979 does neither belong to Aceratherium Hominoid fauna nor Acerorhinus, and its phylogenetic status remains debatable.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleobios 36 (Supplement 3):1–25, June 20, 2019 Paleobios OFFICIAL PUBLICATION of the UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA MUSEUM of PALEONTOLOGY
    PaleoBios 36 (Supplement 3):1–25, June 20, 2019 PaleoBios OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY KATHARINE LOUGHNEY & TARA SMILEY (2019). The middle Miocene in southern California: Mammals, environments, and tectonics of the Barstow, Crowder, and Cajon Valley formations—Field Trip of the North American Paleontological Convention, June 22, 2019. Cover images: Views of the Rainbow Basin (top), the Barstow Formation (middle) and the Cajon Valley Formation (bottom). Citation: Loughney, K. and T. Smiley. 2019. The middle Miocene in southern California: Mammals, environments, and tectonics of the Barstow, Crowder, and Cajon Valley formations—Field Trip of the North American Paleontological Convention, June 22, 2019 (Supplement 3). PaleoBios, 36. ucmp_paleobios_44189. Permalink: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/521585s4 Copyright: Published under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-SA) license. The middle Miocene in southern California: Mammals, environments, and tectonics of the Barstow, Crowder, and Cajon Valley formations—Field Trip of the North American Paleontological Convention, June 22, 2019 KATHARINE LOUGHNEY1* and TARA SMILEY2* 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, [email protected] 2IEnvironmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, [email protected] *authors for correspondence OVERVIEW AND PURPOSE The Mojave Region preserves a rich and continuous Miocene mammal-fossil record that formed during Valley, and Barstow formations to look at the evolution of three different sedimentary basins through the amiddle time of Miocene. significant Participants tectonic activity will learn and how climate depositional change. We environments will visit exposures and habitats of the changed Crowder, through Cajon biostratigraphy.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Online Publication
    ChinaXiv合作期刊 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.170519 Paleoecology of Cenozoic rhinos from northwest China: a stable isotope perspective Dana BIASATTI1 WANG Yang1,2,3 DENG Tao2,4,5 (1 Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32306-4100, USA [email protected]) (2 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044, China) (3 Department of Ecology, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632, China) (4 CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101, China) Advanced(5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciencesonline Beijing 100049, China) publication Abstract The diets and environments of fossil rhinocerotoids from the Linxia Basin, Gansu, China, ranging in age from 25 to 2.5 Ma, were reconstructed based on bulk and serial carbon (C) and oxygen (O) isotope analyses of tooth enamel. The results support many previous hypotheses inferred from dentition and cranial and limb morphology and offer new insight on the paleoecology of some genera. The isotopic results support the following previous hypotheses: the Late Oligocene rhino Paraceratherium inhabited a forested environment, and the coexisting rhino Allacerops lived in a relatively open habitat and had a less specialized diet; the Middle Miocene Hispanotherium grazed in open territory, whereas the contemporaneous Alicornops had a more generalized diet in a forested environment; and the Late Miocene rhino Parelasmotherium grazed in an open steppe habitat. The isotope data indicate that the rhinos Acerorhinus and Dicerorhinus inhabited open steppe environments, inconsistent with previous inferences that these two rhinos dwelled in forested environments.
    [Show full text]