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Fascinating Mummies Fascinating Mummies Fascinating Mummies Contents 1 How to use this Box 2 The Life and Death of Ankhhor 2.1 Setting the Scene 2.2 Life as a Priest 2.3 Mummification 2.4 Afterlife 3 Object Information Cards 3.1 Tunic 3.2 Sandals 3.3 Reed Palette and Pen Set 3.4 Papyrus 3.5 Canopic Jar and Lid 3.6 Wrapping 3.7 Mummification oolT 3.8 Natron 3.9 Charms 3.10 Eye of Horus 3.11 Scarabs 3.12 Bracelet and Necklace 3.13 Osiris Figures 3.14 Shabti Figures 3.15 Stela 3.16 Clay Vessel 3.17 Pieces of Bread 4 Classroom Activities 4.1 Art Scenes 4.2 Jobs Drama 4.3 Become a Scribe 4.4 Make Your Own Papyrus 4.5 Mummified Fish 4.6 Mummify your Friend’s Arm 4.7 Weighing of the Heart Cartoon 4.8 Inscribe a Stela 5 Create Your Own Exhibition 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Task 1: Become a Curator 5.3 Task 2: Write a Story Panel 5.4 Task 3: Become a Design Team 5.5 Task 4: Become a Marketing Officer 6 Feedback Forms National Museum of Scotland Fascinating Mummies Copyright information 2.1a © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden, Netherlands 2.2a © Aidan Dodson 2.2b © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 2.2c © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 2.3a © The Trustees of the British Museum 2.3b © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 2.3c © National Museums Scotland 2.3d © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 2.3d © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 2.3e 2.3f © National Museums Scotland 2.3a © The Trustees of the British Museum 2.4a © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 2.4b © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 2.4c © The Trustees of the British Museum 3.1a 3.1b 3.2a 3.2b 3.2c © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 3.3a 3.3b © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 3.4a 3.4b 3.5a 3.5b © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 3.6a 3.6b © Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 3.7a – Image still to come 3.7b 3.8a – image to come 3.9a 3.10a 3.11a 3.11b 3.12a 3.13a 3.14a 3.14b 3.14c 3.15a – image still to come 3.15b 3.15c © Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 3.16a 3.16b 3.17a 3.17b We are grateful to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland for permission to reproduce the illustration of the portrait of Alexander Henry Rhind. All images © Trustees of National Museums Scotland, unless otherwise stated. National Museum of Scotland Fascinating Mummies 1 How to use this Box This box contains handling objects and resources designed to support learning about Ancient Egyptian belief, death rituals, and mummification. It contains a mixture of real and replica objects from Ancient Egypt. The objects in the box explore the life and death of Ankhhor, an important Egyptian priest and scribe who lived over 2,650 years ago. Pupils can learn about life in Ancient Egypt, Ankhhor’s place in society, his death, mummification and burial in section 2. Activities to do with your group can be found in section 3. Section 4 contains information on how to use these objects to set up your own exhibition as a class. This process is fully supported on the National Museums Scotland website where you will find videos and downloads to help you put on an excellent exhibition. http://www.nms.ac.uk/learning/schools/resources/ resources_for_workshops/create_your_own_exhibition. aspx Each object comes with its own object card which you will find in section 5, where you can find out more info about how it was used. These cards can be given out to pupils for use in their own research. Contact Details: Fascinating Mummies Resource National Museums Scotland Chambers Street Edinburgh EH1 1JF 0131 247 4041 [email protected] This resource has been funded by the Robertson Trust. The Robertson We would love to hear how you have got on using this box. Trust is an independent Scottish Please write or email us to let us know. Have fun! grant-making Trust which exists to provide financial support to charities across Scotland. To find out more about the Trust please see the Trust’s website: www. therobertsontrust.org.uk. The Robertson Trust part funded the development of the new Learning Centre at the National Museum of Scotland, Chambers St, Edinburgh. National Museum of Scotland Fascinating Mummies 2 The Life and Death of Ankhhor 2.1 Setting the Scene Ankhhor was born 675BC, in Thebes a city in Egypt, which is now called Luxor. He and his sister, who was called Taawa, were Objects part of a privileged family of priests. When he grew up he was relating to this section ordained as a priest of Montu, just like his father before him and 3.1 Tunic his father before him too. It was an interesting time for Egypt- After centuries of foreign invaders there was now a pharaoh that 3.2 Sandals would make Egypt great again - Pharaoh Psamtik I. These were 3.16 Clay Vessel exciting times, where Egypt had one true king again. A time of 3.1 Pieces of Bread great hope for the future. Ankhhor was part of the elite class. His villa had a beautiful garden and he could afford the best of everything. He would have had bread, wine, all kinds of fruit and vegetables, honey cakes, meat and fish. There was plenty to keep him busy. He went to parties, harvest feasts, remembrance ceremonies and spring festivals. He would have had time to go hunting and fishing, listen to a harpist with his wife and of course play board games. A board game called sennat was hugely popular in his day. His clothes would have been looked after by his servants and stored in chests, not baskets. He and his wife wore wigs for different times of day for different functions. But his pride and joy were his children and he had a lot of them! Facts • When we talk about Ancient Egypt we mean that time in Egypt’s history that lasted from around 5000 BC – seven thousand years ago - to the time of Roman conquest in 30 BC. 2.1 Egyptian Clother. • The river Nile was important in the daily lives of ancient Egyptians and many people worked as field hands or farmers tending the fertile land along its banks. • The ruler of Ancient Egypt was called the Pharaoh. He was the political and religious leader of the whole country, and had many advisers and officials to help him. • The Ancient Egyptians invented three scripts, including hieroglyphics and made written records of information about business, religion, poetry, literature, history and laws. By examining their writings we can tell that Egyptians asked themselves many of the same questions we might ask. How was the world created? Where does the sun go at night? What happens to us after we die? • There were many jobs at the time: priests worked in temples, there were craftsman, scribes and soldiers. National Museum of Scotland Fascinating Mummies • People wore clothes made of linen and sandals made from reeds or leather. Both men and women wore jewellery, wigs and make-up. The more important you were, the better quality materials they would be made from. How do we know that? • We know quite a lot about the Ancient Egyptians because we are able to examine so much of what they left behind. The hot, dry weather in Egypt - and the fact that Egyptians used sealed tombs - means that even some delicate materials like wood, papyrus, cloth and skin have been preserved. • Our first clues about how to read Hieroglyphics came in 1799 whenever the Rosetta Stone was discovered in Egypt. It had a portion of text written in Hieroglyphics and translated into Greek, but it took another 23 years before it was fully decoded. National Museum of Scotland Fascinating Mummies 2.2 Life as a Priest Off to work again for Ankhhor. Not that he minded really, being a Priest in his day was a very well respected job. He was a priest Objects of the god Montu, who was a god of war and the land around relating to this section Thebes, just like his father, grandfather and great grandfather. He 3.1 Tunic looked forward to spending his days performing rituals on behalf of the pharaoh. But as a priest he only worked for one month 3.2 Sandals three times a year! The rest of the time he would have been 3.3 Reed Palette and employed as a doctor or a lawyer. Ankhhor was highly educated Pen Set – only one in every hundred people knew how to read and write. He also knew the sacred writing of hieroglyphs which took 12 3.4 Papyrus years to learn. 3.15 Stela People in Egypt at the time were totally religious. Priests had no pastoral duties, so they were not clergymen with a congregation – they were servants of the god. The servants of Montu would take the god’s statue out in the morning, present it with incense and natron (the equivalent of toothpaste), dress it up for the new day and present it with a meal. They did same again at mid-day and sunset. Once a year the pharaoh would visit the temple. Ankhhor would have taken his place in the line with all the other priests to meet him. 2.2a Temple in Luxor Facts • Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was the only personal link between man and the gods who protected the cosmos. However, the pharoah could delegate tasks to the priests, ‘servants of the gods’- who performed all of the daily rituals on the pharaoh’s behalf.
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