Electronics a Mcgraw-Hill Publication 75 Cents

October 6, 1961 electronics A McGraw-Hill Publication 75 Cents

SERVOED ANTENNAFIERS "WORST-CASE" STYLUS ANTENNAVERTERS DESIGN draws 3-D curves Tunnel diodes Transistor leak- NEC highlights, p 61 in dipoles, p 68 age current, p 74 (photo below) R-L-C Standards and Compon•nts- 13 of a s•rleS

keçoLtaxice00_e 0

Use of quality materials, careful assembly and calibration of G-R standards under ASTM standard laboratory conditions of temperature and humidity insure Low Dielectric Loss, High Stability and High Accuracy.

NEW DESIGN -Type 1422 PRECISION VARIABLE CAPACITANCE STANDARDS

Replace Type 722 line, offer better stability and higher accuracy. These air-capacitance standards approach the ideal circuit element. Backlash has been reduced to the point of negligible effect. Dial ma jbe set to one part in 25,000. Each unit is mounted in a rigid cast aluminum frame and supported with very low loss polystyrene insulation.

" I --- "--r;fp"e"" `" Range (pf) Accuracy ermenal Range (pf) Type Accuracy 1422-D, $265 100 to 1150 *13n% or *UPI. 35 to 115 *0.03% or *0.1pr 1422-C13, $250 50 to 1100 *0.03% or *0.6pr

1422-MDt, $260 8g188° *18m or:821„;.. 1422-CC, $280 5to 110 *0.03% or *0.15pr 0to 105 1422-M Et, $255 0 to 10.5 *0.03%*0'03 % or *0.02pre'"8Pf. 1422 CD MO 0.5 to 11 *0.03% or *0.04pr ' , 0.5 to 1.1 *0.03% or *0.00,3pr 1422-N, $250 100 to 1150 *0.03% or *0.6pf*

• TYPE 1420 *Whichever is greater; correction chart supplied permits greater accuracy-highest accu- VARIABLE AIR CAPACITORS racy may be obtained from precision calibration chart which is available at extra cost. fIndicate Capacitance Removed (For bridge substitution measurement) 3 models: 13-70 pf, $30; 14-130 pf, $32; 16-260 pf, $33. Rotors and stators are machined from solid aluminum ex- trusions for minimum inductance and resistance, maxi- ... the following air- and solid-dielectric capacitors are mum mechanical and thermal stability . .. 0.2% typical precision engi d circuit elements offering outstanding characteristics. linearity with low dielectric loss . . . meets MIL-T-945-A Type Range Characteristics shock and vibration tests .. . diameter is i/8. High quality capacitors Type 1421 Variable Air Capacitors: 1421-J, 22 to 575 pf, $55. mounted on 11-point switch 1421-K, 29 to 1120 pf, $58. Similar to 1420 series...larger, 1.0pf total, to give total capacitance 33/4"diameter. 9110 Decade-Capacitor Units in 0.1pf steps variation of 10:1 in equal 3Polystyrene types, $51466 • 0.1pf total, increments; knob and dial 3Silvered-Mica types, 550-$165 in 0.01pf steps plate provided. Each unit 3Paper or molded mica, $34-144 aged for highest stability. 0.01pf total, Polystyrene units calibrated in 0.001pf steps *1.0%; D < 0.0002. 1.1 2additional units --Z Silvered -mica calibrated Polystyrene, $57 *0.5%; D < 0.0003. w (1% + 2pf) 0.0010f total, Molded mica calibrated Mica, $48 in 0.0001pf steps *1%; D < 0.001. (0-5% + 20) Paper calibrated *L5%; *te. D < 0.005. • Decade-Capacitance Boxes 1419-A, K, M: 1419-A Polystyrene, $205 1.110f total, 1419-B Polystyrene, $262 in steps of .0010 Type 980 Decade-Capadtor 14, PRECISION DECADE CAPACITOR 1419-K Silvered Mica, $315 1419-B: 1.1110pf Units in metal cabinet 1419-M Paper & Molded Mica, $145 total in steps Ne of .0001f 100 pf to 1.111 id Increments of 100 pf to an accuracy of .1-0.05% .unique four dial in-line readout .. . uses four Highly-stable standards, each adjusted to .(0.1% decades of G-R Type 505 (silvered mica) Capacitors (see 1401 Standard Air Capacitor 100, 200, 500, 4types, $50-558 0.1 pf) at 1 kc. Low- table at right) .. . double shielding - for either two- or 1000pf loss: D < 0.00001 for 1000 three-terminal use. TYPE 1423-A.. $695 • pf unit, < 0.0001 for 100 pf.

1403 Standard Air Capacitor 0.01, 0.1 Units accurate to *0.1% (3 terminal) 6types, $45-$60 1.0, 10, 1150 except 0.01pf (*0.3%). and 1000pf Dis 0.00001 for all units. Calibration certificate pro- EW STANDARD vided .. . stability within *0.01% per year is main- POLYSTYRENE 1409 Standard Capacitor 0.001 to 1.0f tained by careful, controlled 10 types, $32 -4160 construction and aging. Cast DECADE CAPACITOR In 1-2-5 sequence aluminum case with corn- bination binding-post and plug-type terminals for /to 10 of Provides integral stacking. microfarad values from 1to 10 with accuracy of 0.25% ... minimum series *0.5% or *3pf which- I, Inductance and resistance for use over broad ever larger; preaged for frequency range ... double shielding allows either 509 Capacitors 100pf to 0.5pf added accuracy. D<0.0003 12 types. 47.50-$65 In 1-2-5 sequence for nine larger units to two- or three-terminal connection with negligible 0.0006 for smallest 100pf difference in absolute capacitance. TYPE 1424-A ... $325. unit; silvered mica, foil pile, and low-loss case used.

Write for Complete Information GENERAL RADIO COMPANY The Best Instruments WEST CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS In Electronics

NEW YORK, WOrth 4-2722 CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA WASHINGTON, D.C. SAN FRANCISCO LOS ANGELES NEW JERSEY, Ridgefield, WHitney 3-3 140 Oak Park IN CANADA Abington Silver Spring Los Altos Los Angeles Toronto Village 8-9100 HAncock 4-74 19 1Uniper 5-1088 WHitecliff 8-8 23 3 H011ywood 9-6201 CHerry 6-2 171 Ocfob ï 6, 1961 electronics A McGraw-Hill Publication 75 Cents

Three-dimensional display at Chrysler Missile division is formed of ink traces deposited in clear gel by servo-driven stylus. See p 61 COVER

NEC MIDWEST SPAWNS NEW RESEARCH ACTIVITY. A report from educational centers on eve of National Electronics Conference 22

A Tale of Two Fairs: Leipzig and Berlin. Contrasts in East and West German electronics equipment 24

W W. MacDONALD, Editor 'REA Is a Rebirth of Midwest Research and Development Underway? 26

Lag Seen in Microwave Profits. Private systems will peak in 1966 29

J. M. CARROLL, Managing Editor SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Samuel IfEe Weber, George W. Sideris. ASSOCIATE NEC TECHNICAL PREVIEW: Papers cover bionics, optical com- EDITORS: Michael F. Tomaino, Syl- munications, new thin-film techniques. Cletus M. Wiley 61 vester P. Carter, William P. O'Brien, John F. Mason, William E. Bushor, Thomas Emma, Sy Vogel, Leslie Solo- ANTENNAVERTERS AND ANTENNAFIERS. They use tunnel mon, M. M. Perugini, George J. diodes within antennas to make supergain dipoles. J. R. Cope- Flynn, Michael F. Wolff. land and W. J. Robertson 68 ASSISTANT EDITORS: Nilo Lindgren, Stanley Froud, Stephen B. Gray, Roy J. Bruun, George V. Novotny, Leon H. PLASMA GUIDE COUPLERS Control Microwave Power. Many applications appear possible. W. H. Steier and I. Kaufman 72 Dulberger. REGIONAL EDITORS: Harold C. Hood (Pacific Coast, Los Angeles), Thomas Maguire (New England, Boston), Calculating "Worst-Case" Transistor Leakage Current. Includes a Cletus M. Wiley (Midwest, Chicago). design example. E. D. Peterson 74 ART DIRECTOR: Harry Phillips; Howard R. Berry, PRODUCTION EDITOR: John C. Wright, Jr. EDITORIAL ASSIST- Solid-State 30-Channel Multiplexer Designed for Minimum Com- ANTS: Gloria J. Meurer, Bernice Duffy, ponents. Gate transistors double as ring-counter elements. R. C. Lorraine Rossi, Virginia T. Bastian, Onstad 77 Lynn Emery, Florence Hajaistron, Laura W. Smith, Bette H. Snyder, Rosemary Abbruzzese, Judy Haskins. CARDIAC PACEMAKER Triggers Heartbeats. Portable and inex- pensive. W. E. Gilson and H. F. Klinge 80

REFERENCE SHEET: Log-Log Presentation of Transistor Char- acteristics. Encompasses greater operating range. J. Adams 82 JAMES GIRDWOOD, Publisher

Crosstalk 4 Components and Materials 88 Production Techniques 92 Comment 6 In 96 Electronics Newsletter 11 New on the Market 124 Washington Outlook 14 Literature of the Week 71-Et 126 Meetings Ahead 30 People and Plants 135 Research and Development 84 Index to Advertisers 1111111111

AND PRECISION FORK UNITS 1 TO 40,000 CYCLES

TYPE 2007-6 FREQUENCY STANDARD

Transistorized, Silicon type Size, 1/12 " dia., x 3'2" H., Wt., 7 oz. Frequencies: 360 to 1000 cy. TYPE 10 Accuracies: 13/8"x1 3/8"x /14 " 2007-6 ± 0.2% (-50 ° to +85 °C) R2007-6 ± .002% (+15° to 135 °C) This frequency standard (360 W2007-6 -± .005% (-65 ° to +85 °C) or 400 cycles) is accurate to Input: 10 to 30V DC at 6 ma. ± 50 parts per million at 10° to Output: Multitap, 75 to 100,000 ohms 35 °C. Aging has been greatly minimized. TYPE 2001-2 FREQUENCY STANDARD External power of 1.4 volts at 6 Size, 33,4" x 41/2" x 6" H., Wt., 26 oz. microamperes powers the unit. Frequencies: 200 to 3000 cycles

Accuracy: It .001% at --20 to +30 °C Output: 5V at 250,000 ohms TYPE 2007-6 Input: Heater voltage, 6.3 -12 -28 • B voltage, 100 to 300 V, at 5to 10 ma. TYPE 25 Accessory Modular units are available to divide, multiply, amplify and power this TYPE 2001-2 unit. • TYPE K-5A FREQUENCY STANDARD

Size, 3/12 " x 3" x 13/4" Weight, 11/2 lbs. Frequency: 400 cycles

Accuracy: .03%, —55° to -i-71 °C Input: 28V DC -±10% Output: 400 cy. approx. sq. wave at 115V into 4000 ohm load (approx. 4W)

TYPE 25 PRECISION FORK

Size, dia. x n6" 'Weight: 2 ounces Frequencies: 200 to 1000 cy. INQUIRIES INVITED Accuracies: For over 20 years we hove made fre- R-25T and R-25V -± .002% (15 ° to 35 °C) quency standards and precision fork 251 and 25V - .02% (-65 ° to 85 °C) units for applications where consistent For use with tubes or transistors. occuracy and rugged dependability are vital. Shown ore just a few typical examples.

Some users integrate our products with instruments of their own manufacture. In other coses we develop complete assem- AMERICAN TIME PRODUCTS blies to meet special needs. DIV. OF BULOVA WATCH COMPANY, INC. ITP You are invited to submit any problems 61-20 Woodside Ave., Woodside 77, L. I., N. Y. within the area of our activity for study by our engineering staff. WESTERN OFFICE, 234 N. LAKE AVE., PASADENA, CALIF.

2 CIRCLE 2 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics SPECIFY ARNOLD IRON POWDER CORES ... COMPLETE RANGE OF SIZES AND SHAPES FOR YOUR DESIGNS

Arnold offers you the widest range of special cores are available to order. strength and dimensional accuracy. shapes and sizes of iron powder cores The net result is extra advantage and •For more information on Arnold iron on the market. assurance for you. No matter what powder cores, write for acopy of our In addition to toroids, bobbin cores shapes or sizes of iron powder cores new 36-page Bulletin PC-109A. The and cup cores—typical groups of which your designs require, you can get them Arnold Engineering Company, Main are illustrated below—Arnold also pro- from a single source of supply—with Office and Plant, Marengo, Illinois. duces plain, sleeve and hollow cores, undivided responsibility and a single ADDRESS DEPT. E-10 threaded cores and insert cores, etc., to standard of known quality. And suit your designs. Many standard sizes Arnold's superior facilities for manufac- ARNOLD are carried in warehouse stock for ture and test assure you of dependably SPECIALISTS in MAGNETIC MATERIALS

prompt shipment, from prototype lots uniform cores, not only in magnetic BRANCH OFFICES and REPRESENTATIVES in PRINCIPAL to production quantities. Facilities for properties but also in high mechanical CITIES • Find them FAST in the YELLOW PAGES

TOROIDS BOBBINS CUPS ETC., ETC., ETC.!

viesleleefteeele 110.0e x.

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 3 ON READER SERVICE CARD 3

I CROSSTALK electronics October 6, 1961 Volume 34 No. 40

Published weekly, with Electronics Buyers' Guide and Reference issue, as part of the subscription, by McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Shergalie, Inc. Founder: James H. McGraw (1860-1948).

Title ® registered U.S. Patent Office; Wiley, Copyrighted i'' 1961, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved, including the right to repro- duce the contents of this publication, in whole or in part.

Executive, editorial, circulation and advertising offices McGraw-Hill Build- ing, 330 West 42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y. Telephone longacre 4-3000. Teletype TWX N.Y. 1-1636. Cable McGrawhill, N. Y. PRINTED IN AL- BANY, N. Y.; second class postage paid.

OFFICERS OF THE PUBLICATIONS DI- VISION: Nelson 1. Bond, President; Shelton Fisher, Wallace F. Traendly, Senior Vice Presidents; John R. Calla- horn, Vice President and Editorial Di- rector; Joseph H. Allen, Vice President and Director of Advertising Sales; A. R. Venezian, Vice President and Circu- lation Coordinator; Daniel F. Crowley, Vice President and Controller.

OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION: Donald C. McGraw, President; Hugh J. Kelly, Harry L. Waddell, Executive Vice Presidents; L. Keith Goodrich, Executive Vice President and Treas- urer; John J. Cooke, Vice President and Secretary.

Subscriptions are solicitad only from those actively engaged in the field of the publication. Position and company connection must be indicated on orders. Subscription rates: United States and Possessions, $6.00 one year; $9.00 two years; $12.00 three years. Canada, $10.00 one year. All other countries $20.00 one year. Single Copies, United States and Possessions and Canada 75e; Buyers' Guide $3.00; Single copies all other countries $1.50; Buyers' Guide $10.00.

THE PUBLISHER, UPON WRITTEN RE- QUEST FROM ANY SUBSCRIBER TO 0 OUR NEW YORK OFFICE, AGREES TO REFUND THAT PART OF THE SUB- SCRIPTION PRICE APPLYING TO á COPIES NOT YET MAILED.

0 Subscribers: Please address all cor- r=4" respondence, change of address ‹ m:1 notices, subscription orders or com- plaints to Fulfillment Manager, Elec- tronics, at above address. Change of ae address notices should provide old Magazine ‹. as well as new address, including postal zone number if any. If pos- o sible, attach address label from re- E.e cent issue. Allow one month for the change to become effective. w Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to Fulfillment Manager, Electronics, 330 West 42nd Street, New York 36, 4 Z Z New York, Make 04. e• e us pAtb ABC 18ti * J 412 Men Audited Paid Circulation

electronics NORAD ON THE ALERT Inputs from BMEWS Provide Instantaneous Missile Data Direct to NORAD Headquarters

From our vast outer defense perimeter, over thou- map-screens in coded color symbols, providing the sands of miles, to the nerve center of the North NORAD battle staff with an electronic panorama American Air Defense Command at Colorado of the North American and Eurasian land masses. Springs, the most advanced concept of data han- The handling of BMEWS inputs at NORAD is dling and checkout is being utilized in the BMEWS an example of how RCA data processing capabili- system. The stakes are high, for the purpose is ties are assuring the high degree of reliability so defense of the North American Continent. vital to continental defense. At BMEWS installations operated by USAF Air Out of the defense needs of today a new generation of RCA Defense Command, computers read out missile electronic data processing equipments has been born. For tracking data from giant radars. This information tomorrow's needs RCA offers one of the nation's foremost is simultaneously relayed to NORAD's Combat capabilities in research, design, development and production of data processing equipment for space and missile projects. For Operations Center. information on these and other new RCA scientific develop- The Radio Corporation of America is prime ments, write Dept. 434, Defense Electronic Products, Radio systems contractor for BMEWS. At the COC, Corporation of America, Camden, N. J. RCA's Display Information Processor computing equipment automatically evaluates missile sightings, launch sites and target areas. By means of data processing and projection equipment installed by The Most Trusted Name in Electronics RCA and ateam of other electronics manufacturers, RADIO CORPOr.ATION nF the findings are displayed on huge, two-story high COMMENT TELEMETRY BY TELE-DYNAMICS Oceanographic Instrumentation Electronic Cane

This is in reference to the Wash- The blind man featured on the ington Outlook column in the cover of your June 23 issue, in September 1 issue of ELEC- connection with Part IV of your TRONICS (p 14) regarding the Medical Electronics series (p 43), NEW... -watt first government-industry oceano- is Norman Hayes, Philadelphia, Pa. graphic instrumentation sympo- Mr. Hayes has been employed by sium held recently. the Molded Insulation Company .You stated that 42 companies since January 30, 1961. have already requested reports on Incidentally, much of the develop- Transistorized the symposium. Would you please ment work on this "electronic cane" let us know where we can get these (a radio-frequency guidance de- reports. vice) was done in our plant in co- FM Transmitter D. R. Prinz operation with the Franklin Insti- TEXAS RESEARCH AND tute. ELECTRONIC CORPORATION FRED C.H EEREMANS DALLAS, TEXAS MOLDED INSULATION COMPANY The Government-Industry Oceano- PHILADELPHIA, PA. graphic Instrumentation Sympo- We're glad to have our coverman sium was sponsored by the Instru- identified, and several copies of the mentation Panel of the Interagency cover have been sent to him. Committee on Oceanography. The ICO was established by the Federal A-C Measurement Talks Council for Science and Technology and is responsible for coordinating In reference to your coverage If you've aneed for light-17 ounces the U.S. National Oceanographic given to North Atlantic Industries, —extremely compact-20 cu. in.- Program, as it involves federal Inc., in the Sept. 1 issue (p 9), I 215 to 260 MC telemetry trans- agencies having an interest in this would like to bring to your atten- mitters, specify Tele -Dynamics' Type subject. tion that the a-c measurement talks 1053A. Government agencies participa- are being sought for the 1962 IRE, not WESCON. Providing one-watt true FM output, tiny included: Department of De- the 1053A employs dependable sil- fense, U.S. Navy (Hydro graphic IRVING A. GREENFIELD icon transistors for high efficiency Office, Office Naval Research, Bu- GROODY ADVERTISING COMPANY and offers better than 0.01% fre- reau of Ships, Bureau of Weapons); NEW YORK 16, N. Y. quency stability. The 1053A will National Science Foundation, Com- operate reliably at any altitude and merce Dept. (U.S. Coast and Geo- Photo Credit under any environment. Pressur- detic Survey, Weather Bureau); ized o-ring sealed aluminum case Please give credit for Figure 1B keeps out water vapor, salt spray, Department of Interior (Bureau of of my article, "Electron Beam: A sand and dust. Commercial Fisheries, Geological Survey, Bureau of Mines, Bureau Versatile Tool and a Mushrooming This unit, representative of Tele- of Sport Fisheries and Wild Life); Technology," (July 28, p 39), to the Dynamics' latest creative effort in Pulp and Paper Research Institute the complete telemetry field, is capa- and Atomic Energy Commission. of Canada. ble of being combined into various Chairman of the ICO in charge custom systems and is low in cost. of meetings was Donald L. McKer- R.B AKISH nan, Director of Bureau of Com- ALLOYD ELECTRONICS For detailed technical bulletins, call CAMBRIDGE, M ASS. the American Bosch Arma market- mercial Fishery, Department of In- ing offices in Washington, Dayton, terior, Washington 25, D. C. Dallas or Los Angeles. Or write or Access System call Tele-Dynamics Division, Ameri- can Bosch Arma Corporation, 5000 Microwave Band Letter Codes Thank you very much for your Parkside Avenue, Philadelphia 31, excellent story on our Access sys- Pa. Telephone TRinity 8-3000. tece Your publication of "Letter Code tem (Aircraft Communications Designations for Microwave Fre- Electronic Signaling System) quency Bands" (June 2, p 58) re- which appeared in Washington minds me of my disappointment Outlook in the Sept. 8 issue (p 14). TELEDYNAMICS over the failure of any U. S. group Your story was excèptionally DIVISION to adapt the British designation well done and nicely covered the VHFI, which is short for Very highlights of our Access system. .441EIT/CAIN HOSCA' ARMAI High Frequency, Indeed. R. E. KILLACKEY CORPOM47704/ J.K ENT THOMPSON M OTOROLA INC. 5000 Parkside Ave., Philadelphia 31, Pa. BAY VILLAGE, OHIO SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA

6 CIRCLE 6 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Use Low Cost Allen-Bradley Type J Pots for Constant Impedance Attenuators

1000

800

600

Reproduction of actual machine plot of A-B 600 Type JJ ohm Bridged T attenu- Actual Size ator, showing the uniform attenuation and constant characteristic impedance obtainable 200 with A-B Type Jvariable resistors.

100 The 2 80 ideal answer 0 60

for L, T, Bridged T DECIBELS z 40 IN

O and Bridged H lal attenuators. o

(i) ATTENUATION E2

u Type JJJ ce• 10 Actual Size O• 8

PERCENT EFFECTIVE ROTATION

Allen-Bradley dual and triple Type J variable With this precise control over the resistance- rotation characteristics during production, A-B resistors are widely used in attenuators in electronic circuitry because they provide dependably attenuators have aconsistently uniform attenua- smooth and uniform attenuation plus constant tion that approaches calibration accuracy .. . and the characteristic impedance can be held to characteristic impedance. ±10% over entire rotation— end to end. The Stability, high wattage, long life, ideal uni- virtually infinite resolution eliminates the defi- formity, plus remarkable compact structure are nite incremental steps of wire-wound units, while combined in the Type J to assure top performance. The solid resistance element—made by freedom from inductance insures excellent high A-B's exclusive hot molding process—provides frequency response. For full details on Type J variable resistors, send for Publication 6024. smooth control at all times. Allen-Bradley Co., 110 W. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee 4, Wis. •In Canada: Allen-Bradley Canada Ltd., Galt, Ont.

QUALITY ELECTRONIC ALLEN-BRADLEY I COMPONENTS

CIRCLE 7 ON READER SERVICE CARD 7 October 6, 1961 MEASURE AC VOLTAGE to 500 KC WITH YOUR

C VOLTMETER

e electronics NEW ei 457A AC TO DC CONVERTER

New 4 457A AC to DC Converter lets you inexpensively measure ac voltage, 50 cps to 500 KC, with the ease and high resolution of a dc digital voltmeter. The highly accurate, average-responding 457A permits ac measurements to ±0.3% -.±0.001 y to 50 KC and -÷- 0.75% ±0.001 vto 500 KC. This accuracy permits you to read ac voltages on adc digital voltmeter (such as the 0 405BR/CR) with three digits resolution. Waveform errors are minimized by this new converter. The dc output of the 457A is always between 0 and 1 volt for up to full Specifications scale input. Full scale is selected manually in decade ranges. Your Input Range: 0 to 300 y rms, in 4 decade ranges corresponding to 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 v measurement convenience is further increased with overranging rms full scale. by more than 2to 1and an input impedance of 1megohm. Frequency Range: 50 cps to 500 KC. Accuracy: +0.3% +1 mv, 50 cps to 50 KC; +0.75% The 457A Converter can be used with an 0 560 series Digital Re- mv, 50 KC to 500 KC. corder, plus a digital voltmeter, to provide a permanent printed Output: 0 to 1.0 y dc, responding to average value of ac input, with output cali- record. Either the 457A analog or digital voltmeter output data brated as rms value of sine wave. is suitable for other data logging equipment. The digital data may Output Impedance: 10,000 ohms. be transferred, for example, to card or tape punches. Input Impedance: 1 megohm, shunted by 30 pf. Size: 16 3/4" wide, 3/14 " high, 131/4" deep. New O instrument modular packaging permits easy stacking of Weight, 12 lbs. instruments on the bench and simple conversion to rack mount. Price: $350.00

DEPENDABLE AUTOMATIC DIGITAL VOLTMETERS

(Le 405BR/CR Digital Voltmeter eitir 4 Ideal for use with the e Specifications 457A AC to DC Converter, Ranges: 0.001 to 999 y dc, 4 ranges. the e 405BR/CR Digital Presentation: 3 significant figures, polarity indicator. Voltmeters feature auto- Accuracy: +0.2% of reading ±1 count. matic ranging, simple touch-and-read measurement and bright, Ranging Time: 0.2 sec to 2 sec. Input Impedance: 11 megohms to dc, aU tanges. clear readout. By using the 4 405 in conjunction with the 4 457A, Response Time: Less than 1 sec. you can read ac voltages on the 405 to three digits with an overall AC Rejection: 3 db at 0.7 cps; min. 44 db at 60 cps. accuracy of ±0.4%- of reading ±0.001 y to 50 KC, ±0.75% of Size: 7" high, 19" wide, 13 7/e" deep behind panel. Weight, 26 lbs. reading ±0.002 y to 500 KC. The er 405BR and CR are identical Price: (e 405BR, $850.00; 405CR, $925.00. except that the 405CR includes (a) provision for external sampling command, (b) digital recording outputs, plus (c) reading hold-off capability, (d) print command when overranging, and (e) remote readout outputs.

FOR EVEN GREATER SYSTEMS FLEXIBILITY, USE DYMEC 2401 INTEGRATING DIGITAL VOLTMETER!

+ 2 5.4 8 3 DY-2401 Integrating Digital Voltmeter

Unique flexibility for simple and complex systems applications is r, j i v u ,4j yours with the Dymec 2401 Integrating Digital Voltmeter, which effectively eliminates the effects of noise and hum by reading the average value of voltage applied over a definite, selected sample Specifications period. Range, sample period and sample rate are externally pro- DC Voltage Ranges: +0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1,000 y nominal grammable. Applications are further extended by the nature of full scale. the 2401, actually avoltage-to-frequency converter, combined with Overall Accuracy: 0.05% nominal. Stability: Greater than 0.01%/day, 1 y range a 300 KC electronic counter. and above. Equally versatile in systems application is the Dymec Model 2410 Input Impedance: 1 megohm on 1 y and higher ranges, 100,000 ohms on 0.1 y range. Multi-Converter (not shown) ,which converts ac volts, resistance Price: $3,750.00. and dc volts to aproportional de voltage with 1volt nominal full- scale output. $1,975.00. Call your Hewlett-Packard/Dymec representative today for further Data subject to change without notice. information or for ademonstration on your bench. Prices f.o.b. factory.

ÏÊs HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY HEWLETT-PACKARD S. A. 1091C Page Mill Road Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. Rue du Vieux Billard No. 1 Geneva, Switzerland Cable "HEWPACK" DAvenport 6-7000 Cable "HEWPACKSA" Tel. No. (022) 26. 42. 26 Field representatives in all principal areas TVS

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 9 ON READER SERVICE CARD 9 front at the end finish

and Ben

AMPin-cert* Pin And Socket Connectors Cost Less! ... and there are two good reasons why! AM Pin-cert Connectors give you the only stamped and formed pin and socket contacts in the industry. Automatic application of the AMP* solderless termination technique precision crimps contacts to leads at rates of 1,600 or more per hour with the use of minimum skill labor. AM Pin-cert Connectors cost less to buy and ... less to apply—give you connector per.' formance of extreme reliability at the lowest installed cost in the industry. Additional features include:

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10 CIRCLE 10 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics can be used with all types of radar ELECTRONICS NEWSLETTER presentation. Among expected applications are visual hand-on control of planes from one air traffic Superconductivity Makes Powerful Magnet control center to the next and monitoring of ship traffic in the St. SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET has been built by a Westinghouse Electric Lawrence Seaway. research team headed by J. K. Hulm. The company says the magnet The system feeds radar signals is for its size and energy consumption "the most powerful ever into a scan-converter which stores built." the information and converts it to It weighs one pound, draws a few a form suitable for telephone lines. watts from a storage battery (to At the receiver, the signals are re- scheduled for flight test in 1965. overcome lead wire losses) and de- converted and can be viewed on a M. R. Currie, associate lab di- velops a flux density of 43,000 conventional tv receiver. Band- rector, says that techniques were gauss. The field is twice as strong width of the transmitted signals is spawned by work in microwave as that created by an electromagnet less than 3 Kc, about 500 times less tubes and electron optics. Future weighing 20 tons and drawing 100,- than the base band for microwave problems are similar to those found 000 watts. relay or coaxial cable. in super-power tubes—better optics Hulm says that superconducting with higher compression guns, magnets will make possible crucial greater beam densities and larger scientific experiments, brighten Broadband Discriminator chances for direct generation of emitting surfaces. Initial development costs of $460,000 were paid by electric power, increase the possi- Uses Passive Components NASA. bility of thermonuclear power and make more feasible some of the CHICAGO—Multiple radio and radar "far-out" methods proposed for Brainwave Retarder signal frequencies in the space com- space travel. munications and electronic warfare Key developments were methods Relaxes Insomniacs bandwidths of 500-12,000 Mc can be of forming brittle niobium-zircon- directly identified without tuning ium alloy into 10-mil wire. The two- CHICAGO — Relaxing machine for by a receiver under development by inch solenoid is made of 5,000 turns electro -hypnotic treatment of in- Hallicrafters. of this wire. Immersed in liquid somnia and other mild mental dis- Accuracy is reported as one per- helium, the wire carries 20 amperes. orders will be displayed at the cent over an octave of bandwidth, Processing of other materials with National Electronics Conference by with intercept probability 100 per- better magnetic properties is under the newly-formed Electronic Poly- cent. The broadband frequency study, the company said. phase Ionic Corp. discriminator employs passive sec- Reportedly redesigned from a tions and diode detectors instead of Russian invention of the early 30's, active r-f devices. In strip line, the Ion Engine Will Get Electroson passes a pulsed 5-ma discriminator weighs 0.1 pound. Space Trail in 1962 current from eye-socket electrodes, Received frequencies are shown through the brain to base of the as angular lines on a crt. HUGHES RESEARCH LABS last week skull. The pulses stimulate brain Applications are seen in electro- showed newsmen the first of a cells, reducing the flicker frequency magnetic reconnaissance satellites, series of ion propulsion devices which indicates the brain's level of electronic warfare alarms that which may someday drive inter- excitability, the company says. would guide tuning of convven- planetary craft at speeds of two Device has been classed as a tional receivers and jammers, and million miles a day. Exhaust ve- clinical tool, for sale to medically in rocket-borne expendable jammers locity is potentially 30 times that qualified persons only. Early models that would provide electronic cover of chemical engines. will use vacuum tubes, but a tran- for troop movements. Working prototype ionizes cesium sistor unit is in the prototype stage. Basic approach of using reactive atoms, accelerates the ions by elec- transmission line elements for fre- trodes and neutralizes the positive Line Transmitter Turns quency sensing was suggested by ion beam by injection of electrons. Stanford Electronics Laboratory. Ions are formed into a thin, hollow Radar Picture into Tv beam. LOW-COST METHOD of relaying radar First flight test unit, with thrust Estimate 6 Million Tv estimated at 0.1 pound, will be pictures over telephone lines was boosted to an altitude of 5,000 miles unveiled last week at the Canadian Set Sales This Year by a Scout rocket late next year. IRE Show by Raytheon Canada. Follow-on systems of clusters of Called slowed-down video, the CHICAGO — More than six million engines with concentric beams are system is expected to stimulate television sets will be sold this year, expected to attain thrusts of 10 simultaneous routing of radar re- Joseph S. Wright, Zenith president, pounds and to operate continuously sults. It was developed under a told the Chicago Investment Ana- for several months. The first nu- contract from the Canadian Depart- lysts Society last Thursday. His clear-electric system is tentatively ment of Transport. The technique own company anticipates 1961 will

October 6, 1961 11 be its third straight million-plus tv vania's laboratories in Waltham, In Brief .. . set year. Mass. The work is part of the Wright said color tv should add Army's Project Defender research considerable impetus and dollar into ballistic missile defense. Syl- University of Wisconsin's Orbiting volume, but he sees no hope for an vania's part, called Codiphase, for Astronomical Observatory will early breakthrough that would per- Coherent Digital Phased Array, is be built by Cook Electric, under mit color tv prices to drop under financed by some $2 million in a NASA contract. Satellite will two or three times black and white Army contracts. carry five telescopes focused by prices. In five years, a million color The experimental system incor- ground command. sets will be sold annually. porates new signal processing and Second set and replacement mar- beam forming techniques designed Crashproof recorder of cockpit ket will also increase steadily dur- for simultaneous search and track- conversations will be developed ing the next five years, he said, ing of multiple targets, improved for FAA by United Data Con- adding 20 percent to unit sales. ranging accuracy, countermeasures trol. Recordings, to be used for Dollar volume will rise more, be- resistance, lower cost and greater accident analysis, are to be made cause of color. Subscription tv will flexibility. Digital computer cir- snoopproof. help color sales, Wright said, and cuits are used to process and con- will stimulate interest in large trol the radar signal returns. Kollsman Instrument has received screen devices for wall display. a $9 million contract from Auto- netics for astro trackers and spares for Hound Dog missiles. Superconducting Sheets Simulation Lab to Study Give Compact Memories Navy has awarded Motorola $6.3 Air Traffic in the 1970's million in sonobuoy contracts. CONTINUOUS SHEET superconductive SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CORP. will memory cell under development by Boeing is buying $1 million in tran- launch a detailed study of air traf- RCA is reported to promise high sistors—mostly silicon planar de- fic control problems in the post- packing densities and lower costs. vices—from Fairchild Semicon- 1970 era. A simulation model is Trapped flux phenomenon is used ductor, for Minuteman. under construction at the com- to "punch" normal areas in a con- pany's new $3 million systems sim- tinuous film and thus store a per- Air Force contract of $950,000 ulation research lab in Santa Mon- sistent current. Use of a continu- given Technical Operations for ica. The model will be based on ous plane is said to eliminate edge Project Omega will cover com- actual conditions in the San Fran- effects which limited uniformity puter simulation of air warfare. cisco-Oakland terminal complex and reproducibility of two-hole and on predictions of the air en- cryoelectric cells. Philco is buying $3.6 million of vironment and technological devel- RCA group working under Les- ferrite core memories from opments likely to exist during the ley L. Burns has made planes of Ampex. next decade. 100 cells and stored information in The complex simulated is 100 by a cell in less than three nanosec- Avien reports $685,000 in military 130 nautical miles in area and four onds. The sheets can use x-y se- and space contracts, including miles high, has both terminating lection, but have no delta noise multiband tracking, telemetry and overflight traffic and two jet because of shielding by the super- and command antennas for Tiros transport airports. A computer has conducting plane. Packing density IV satellite. been programed to generate and of 10 per cubic inch is reported move simulated aircraft, maintain possible. Consolidated Electrodynamics has displays, provide conflict-prediction a $375,000 contract for Polaris information at fixes and sequence Instrumentation recorders, from information for aircraft at run- Interstate Electronics. ways, and to reduce and record sys- Soviets Bid for TV tem performance information. Business in Morocco Lufthansa German Airlines will in- The laboratory, which will stress stall Collins doppler navigation the study of man-machine relation- TELEVISION task force from the So- units on all its jet airliners. Or- ships, will also be used for research viet Union is making a bid for der is for 22 units, with options in system training and theory, Morocco's television business. Offi- for 20 more. Collins also got a medical data processing and auto- cial sources say that the Moroccan $190,559 Navy contract for navi- mated teaching. minister of information is confer- gation equipment. ring in Rabat with a group of engineers led by the Soviet vice minister NATO receives bids in Rome Oc- Phased Array Radar Is of communications. The USSR ap- tober 11 for a $1.3 million radio proach reportedly combines finan- center. Controlled by Computer cial and technical knowhow. Earlier this year, Morocco's government Westland Aircraft, England, orders PHASED ARRAY radar system is be- indicated it would install a govern- $633,000 in Ryan Doppler navi- ing given evaluation tests at Syl- ment-owned network. gators for its helicopters.

12 electronics TIME OUTPUT

TI ME —.4.— TIME

Pulse or Marker Generator from 0.1 ms to 9.999 sec. Period Measurements from 0.000001 cps in 1µsec units. TIME

INPUT A I

OUTPUT FUNCTION INPUT N OFF es •-• PER X N INPUT B INPUT TEST TIC Time Interval Measurements with lusec resolution. E/UT X N TIM 8—A Preset Counter-Controller from 1 to 9999 events. SCAN A/8 X N

COUNT DELAY

I' es.ses

v Phase Difference Measurements Frequency Measurements in degrees or izsec. to 1 Mc.

.OUTPUT INPUT B TIME

INPUT A r

INP:UTL v

Time Delay Generator COUNT from 0.1 ms to 9.999 sec. Frequency Ratio Measurements 1to 9999. Look what you can do with this DIGITAL TEST INSTRUMENT

As useful as your oscilloscope ... the Preset illustrations above suggest a number of im- Universal EPUT8 and Timer is fast becoming mediate uses for this versatile instrument. THE basic digital test instrument whenever You'll discover many more applications the accuracy and resolution of digital tech- through actual use. For complete information niques are called for. With eight distinct oper- on why the Beckman® Preset Universal ating functions this instrument gives you an EPUT and Timer can become your most almost unlimited range of applications ... relied-on digital test instrument, write for satisfying both present and future needs. The Technical Product Bulletin 8361.

BRIEF SPECS: Freq. Range-0 cps to 1Mc; Timing Units — 1,10,100, and 1000 µsec; Preset Range-1 to 9999; Oscillator Stability-3 parts in 10 7 per week; Input Sensitivity-100 mv (all functions); Price —$1750.

Beckman® INSTRUMENTS INC. BERKELEY DIVISION T.42 RICHMOND. CALIFORNIA

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD 13 SPRAGUE WASHINGTON OUTLOOK

PIEZO- MULTI-MILLION-DOLLAR space contracts to be let in the next few months will mean millions of dollars in subcontracts for the electronic industry. Coming up are some of the basic contracts for putting a three-man astro- ELECTRIC naut team on the moon by 1967-69. Overall cost of the moon program is put at $20-$40 billion. Contracts to be awarded include production of the 1.5-million-pound uERAMIC thrust S-1 booster that will be first stage on the Saturn C-1. Production will run to 30 or more of the big boosters, to be built at the government- owned Michoud Ordnance plant near New Orleans. Cost of each S-1 runs ELEMENTS around $6 million with cost of complete C-1 with upper staging $12-$15 million. A follow-on version of the S-1 booster, the S-1-B, will be con- ri t tracted for by the end of the year. It will produce three million pounds of thrust in the first stage. ELEMENTS FOR ALL MULTI-BILLION contract to develop and build the three-man Apollo capsule APPLICATIONS will be made in the next month or so. Some $160 million will be pumped into the project this year just to get it started. AS WELL AS Construction of facilities to produce and test the space vehicles will COMPLETE call for million-dollar electronic contracts, too. Launching facilities will TRANSDUCER ASSEMBLIES be built on a newly acquired 80,000 acre tract of land at Cape Canaveral, FOR MOST APPLICATIONS, Florida. Cost of building a half dozen launching pads plus support laboratories is estimated at $3-$5 billion before a lunar manned mission SUCH AS UNDERWATER is attempted. Building the new manned space flight center near Houston, SOUND AND Tex. will cost an initial $160 million with the long range cost put well VARIOUS ORDNANCE AND above this figure. Still to be selected is a test center where the big boosters can be static MISSILE DEVICES. et. tested before shipment to Cape Canaveral. This will be located near the Michoud Production Plant, probably in Texas along the Intercoastal Waterway.

FEDERAL AVIATION AGENCY'S plan to make a start next year toward auto- mating air traffic control has faltered. A special purpose digital computer, built to FAA's specifications by the Librascope Division of General Precision Inc., will not be installed in the New Boston Air Traffic Control Sprague-developed mass production and quality-control techniques assure Center early in 1962 as originally contemplated. The computer, which is lowest possible cost consistent with to be the heart of a traffic data processing and display system, is still utmost quality and reliability. Here under evaluation by FAA. too, complete fabrication facilities The system not only is behind schedule, but its whole future is under permit prompt production in a full, wide range of sizes and shapes. a cloud. A presidential task force which has been evaluating air traffic Look to Sprague for today's most control plans will make a formal report soon. Advance word is that it advanced ceramic elements— where will propose using only part of the data processing system and that it continuing intensive research promises new material with many proper- will recommend against adoption of Sage air defense computers for FAA ties extended beyond present limits. use. It will suggest increased reliance on radar and wider use of trans- ponders or automatic altitude reporting. YOUR INQUIRIES ARE INVITED FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION'S move to increase available tv crab WRITE FOR channels by pushing uhf tv broadcasting faces rough sledding. Opposi- tion in the broadcasting industry and in Congress is tuning up. Already, LITERATURE FCC has postponed the deadline for comments from this month until January 8. SPRAGUE ELECTRIC COMPANY By the time FCC gets around to afinal decision, therefore, it may have 35 Marshall Street, North Adorns, Mass. a reading on whether uhf will work in big cities. The crucial test of uhf feasibility in cities gets underway in New York this fall. FCC is com- mitted to try to make the best use of the 82-channel uhf-vhf spectrum. To do this, FCC wants to "deintermix" eight markets by pulling out their single vhf assignments, and leaving them with only uhf. Congressmen representing these areas are seeking legislation to block the move, claim- ing it will leave the cities with inadequate programming.

14 CIRCLE 14 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 15 ON READER SERVICE CARD--* J.11.

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New General Instrument Nanocircuits

Source for Silicon Nanocircuits. Now you can de- nent (preselected and pretested for reliability prior sign military and industrial computer circuits with to bonding to the substrate) is passivated by Gen- high-speed, silicon Nanocircuits whose substrates eral Instrument's unique Molecular ShieldTM process. measure as little as 0.17 x0.17 inches. Latest ex- Nanocircuits are unaffected by external ambients. ample of General Instrument's Nanocircuit Program, The coating serves only to provide mechanical rigid- these new flip-flops utilize matched pairs of semi- ity. • Complete details on all Nanocircuits and other conductors and operate at speeds in the nanosecond General Instrument semiconductor devices to meet range. The flip-flop shown, typical of the many con- your specific requirements, are available at the figurations available, consists of two planar epitax- General Instrument engineering sales office or fran- ial transistors, two microdiodes, six semiconductor chised distributor nearest you, call or write today. resistors and two silicon oxide capacitors. • Silicon General Instrument Semiconductor Division, Nanocircuits need no encapsulation. Each compo- 65 Gouverneur Street, Newark 4, New Jersey. Rri lrpyypièremi,IREA_rff,,ror, SEMICONDUCTOR DIVISION From the General Ceramics Division of INDIANA GENERAL CORPORATION

CF-212 CF-213 CF-214 CF-216 CF-211 é CF-215 CF-208 CF-207 CF-206 .SCF-209 -. ,• CF-205 CF-204 CF-202 CF-201 CF-253

CF-102 CF-101 F-426 oCF-106, oCF-103- CF-301 CF-302 107, 108 104-105

CF-212,213, 214 ,•/ F-1270 (1 F-1266 CF-802 F-754 F-549 F-684 OuU 3 CF-411 CF-409 CF-408 CF-407 CF-406 CF- CF- CF- CF- CF-909 CF-908 CF-902 CF-803 CF-910 405 401 404 402 th ru CF-906 CF-905 SCALE: 7/9" 1" CF.809 Now-delivery from stock on these special-purpose FERRAMIC cores General Ceramics Ferrite cores are available in various materials for specific frequency bands from 1 kc to 100 mcs. Use the handy materials selector chart for quick reference.

APPLICATION DESIRED PROPERTIES FREQUENCY FERRAMIC BODY SHAPES

High 11-Q, magnetic Up to 200 kcs 'Filter Inductors Cup cores, toroids, stability, sometimes 200 kcs-10 mcs C-cores, E-cores, slugs adjustable 10 mcs-60 mcs •IF Transformers Moderate Q, high 465 kcs Cup cores, magnetic stability, 40 mcs threaded cores, adjustable other Materials for filter toroids inductors apply *Antennae Cores Moderate Q, high 1, 5-10 mcs magnetic stability 10-60 mcs Rods, flat strips ¡Wide Band High U, moderately 1 kc-400 kcs Cup cores, Transformers low loss 1 kc-1 mc toroids, 200 kcs-30 mcs C-cores, 10 mcs-100 mcs E-cores 'Adjustable High t1 ,moderately Same as Wide Band Same as Wide Band Rods, threaded cores, Inductors low loss Transformers Transformers tunable cup cores *Tuners High It, moderate to Up to 100 mcs For high Q selective Threaded cores high Q, magnetic circuits, materials or rods for stability, as much under filter inductors mechanical as 10-to-1 adjust- apply. For others, tuning. ability with materials under Toroids, C-cores, mechanical or wide band E-cores for biasing biasing methods transformers apply methods. Pulse High t, low loss, Pulse Materials under Cup cores, toroids, Transformers high saturation wide band trans- C-cores, E-cores formers apply Recording Heads High IL, low loss, Audio, pulse high saturation, "0-3", "T-1" resistance to wear *Q.3 material available on special order for high Q operation up to 225 mcs.

Fast service on sample quantities; prompt IN DIANA delivery on production lots. Call, wire or GENERAL CERAMICS Phone VAlley 6-5100 • Direct Distance Dialing Code 201 write for all the facts. KEASBEY, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. GENERAL 00.PORAT/Ord TECHNICAL CERAMICS, FERRITES AND MEMORY PRODUCTS

16 CIRCLE 16 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Mil Spec

Hook-Up Wire by Belden

Regularly exceeds the rigid requirements of Military Specifications for electronic or electrical applications. All colors, types, sizes, insulations, and temperature ranges in stock— for immediate shipment. Ask for Catalog 861.

Belden WIRENIAKER FOR INDUSTRY SINCE 1902 - CHICAGO

magnet wire •power supply cords • cord sets •portable cordage • control cables •electronic wire

8-7-1 Attention International shippers! The TWA Jetstream Pak is sensational news in volume shipping!

Now volume international shippers can fly their products (up to 2000 pounds) in aluminum-clad security without the costly weight of heavy packing. All these advantages of this fine container are yours:

•Stays with TWA across the U.S.A. and to Europe. • Fastest ground handling in the business! Only TWA eliminates the need for unpacking and repacking between domestic and international flights. • You pack the container and seal it.

•Greatly facilitates customs clearance. Ask your freight forwarder, • It's loss-proof, weather-proof, pilfer-proof. cargo agent or nearest TWA Air Freight office •On wheels —one man can roll it. for details today. •Pieces leave and arrive together (this side up, too!). •Expedites loading and delivery. TWA Jetstream Cargo Express and the Jetstream Pak TWA deliver your goods where the business is.. .fast! AIR FREIGHT

THE ONLY AIRLINE SERVING 70 THRIVING U. S. CITIES AND 23 WORLD CENTERS OVERSEAS 18 CIRCLE 18 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics ,e4 , ' • • . " a._ • e e • ' •• -#. • • a

4 4.

AVAILABLE FROM YOUR LOCAL DISTRIBUTOR'S STOCK THE NEOMITE NM SERIES DC RELAY Contact Data Arrangement: 1C(SPDT) Rating: .25 amp res. at 28VDC. 1 amp res. at 28VDC (with life derated to 100,000 operation min.) Coil Data Operating Power: 100 milli- watts Standard Resistances: 50, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 ohms Shock: 50G's Vibration: 10G's to 2000 cps Ambient Temperature Range: - 55 C to 65 C Life Expectancy: 1,000,000 operations at 25"C Dimensions: .531" x .392" x .196"

send for latest data , ELGIN advance RELAYS THE ELECTRONICS DIVISION OF ELGIN NATIONAL WATCH COMPANY 2435 NORTH NAOMI STREET, BURBANK, CALIFORNIA

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 19 ON RUDe.R SERVICE CARD 19 Engineering hints from Carborundum How to Join KONA Il® Alloy to Other Metals

KOVAR, the original iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, has a thermal 5. USE A EUTECTIC BRAZING ALLOY, such as 72(.1 silver, expansion curve which matches almost perfectly that of sev- 28% copper. eral hard glasses. It is awidely accepted answer to the problem 6. THE BRAZING TEMPERATURE should be applied uniformly, of producing vacuum and pressure tight glass-to-metal seals. such as in an atmosphere controlled furnace or high fre- Most applications involve joining Kovar Alloy by either quency induction heating. welding, brazing or soldering to other metals. Ordinary joining methods require variations and refinements to meet spe- New Technical Bulletin 100EB2A, available on request, gives additional information on welding, brazing, and solder- cial characteristics or conditions—with such considerations as these: ing of Kovar Alloy to other metals. Individual engineering reports are also furnished on specific customer problems on 1. KOVAR ALLOY has aconsiderably lower expansivity than Kovar Alloy joints. most other metals. Kovar Alloy, either oxide bonded to hard glass, or brazed 2. WELDED AND BRAZED JOINTS WITH KOVAR ALLOY are to metallized ceramic insulators, makes a rugged permanent frequently made in close proximity to aglass seal. seal... even under the most severe conditions of temperature, 3. FOR HIGH VACUUM APPLICATIONS it is essential that no vibration and handling. Technical service is available to help brazing alloy is used which contains ahigh vapor pressure you solve processing and application problems. Contact the constituent, such as cadmium, zinc or lead. Carborundum Company, Refractories Division, Dept. E-101, For example, to avoid stress corrosion on silver brazed Kovar Latrobe Plant, Latrobe, Pa. joints we advise the following precautions: THERE IS NO TRUE SUBSTITUTE FOR KOVAR® ALLOY 1. BRAZING SURFACE to be free of longitudinal scratches. .. . supplied only by CARBORUNDUM 2. ANNEAL KOVAR PARTS before brazing. KOVAR'S superiority in making all types of glass-to-metal and ceramic- 3. PLATE THE BRAZING SURFACE with copper or nickeL to-metal seals — and its ability to be easily formed, welded, soldered 4. DESIGN THE JOINT to avoid tensional stressing of the and brazed — is the result of astringently controlled manufacturing Kovar Alloy during the brazing operation. If the higher process based on over 25 years continuous production experience. Kowa( is an alloy of unique and rigidly maintained characteristics. expansion member is on the inside, allow sufficient clear- Stock and custom forms, together with complete technological advi- ance between the parts. sory service, are available only through Carborundum. CARBORUNDUM'

20 CIRCLE 20 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 21 ON READER SERVICE CARD Available in portable, wall, flush and projection mounting switchboard cases.

NEW Instrument Designs, Applications from Esterline Angus a New "602" Two-channel Recorder • Si- channels. Applications: productive and non- multaneously records two variants on adjacent productive time of any or all machines in a 2"-sections of single 6"-wide chart. Applica- plant, circuit breaker action, qualitative an- tions: checking current and voltage, quality alysis, missile performance. determination of arc welds, records of input d New Expanded Scale Voltmeter • Pro- vs. output. vides increased readability of voltage records b New Analog-Event Recorder • One instru- as upper 34. of voltage range is expanded to ment does the work of two .. . simultaneously fill upper 80% of chart span. Applications: records analog data and up to 8 channels of checking voltage regulation, voltage records, event information on single 6"-wide chart. Ap- trouble-shooting. plications: wind speed and direction, substa- tion bus voltage and breaker operation, rate Standing solidly behind the creative designs of our engi- of production (speed) and conveyor operation. neering staff are the highly-developed skill and attention to detail of our master craftsmen. At right, M. R. Felske, C New "620" Event Recorder with Tempen Master Craftsman at Esterline Angus for 34 years. For more • Writes without ink, using electrically-heated detailed information on any instrument or its applications, styluses. Simultaneously records "when," "how write: ESTERLINE ANGUS INSTRUMENT COMPANY, Inc., long" and "how many" on as many as 20 Box 596-E, Indianapolis 6, Indiana.

Excellence in graphic recording for over 50 years—E S TERLINE AN GUS Makers of instruments to record: MICROAMPERES, DC •MILLIAMPERES, DC •AMPERES, AC AND DC •VOLTS, AC AND DC •WATTS, AC AND DC KVA. KVAR •VOLTAGE TRANSIENTS. AC •FREQUENCY •POWER FACTOR •EVENTS •SPEED •POSITION •MOTION •PRESSURE •VACUUM Ec MIDWEST SPAWNS

By CLETUS M. WILEY cation and encouraging development Midwestern Editor of space technology at the Univer- Minnesota's Shepard— sity of Michigan's Institute of Sci- "fourth ence and Technology (former Wil- CHICAGO—OUTSIDE of the Chicago largest low Run Labs.). Bendix research, electronics metropolitan area, interest in elec- Burroughs, General Motors and center." tronics R&D ranges from fevered Ford have set up research labs in activity in Minneapolis-St. Paul to the Detroit area." apathy in towns like Milwaukee and The Minneapolis area is con- Cincinnati. Universities such as ceded by some to be the fourth Purdue, Michigan and Ohio State largest electronics center in coun- are actively working with industry try, according to William Shep- to improve the climate for R&D in herd, head, University of Minne- their areas. sota electrical engineering and "Electronics certainly does lag, chairman of a governor-appointed generally, throughout the Mid- state Electronics Industry Com- west," Prof. William Dow, chair- mittee. man, University of Michigan elec- Ohio State's The number of Twin Cities' electrical engineering department Bolz— tronics companies has nearly dou- "Terman agrees, "but not in southern Michi- bled over past five years—from 86 gan. missed the to 140—including more than 20 research "The University of Michigan is new companies started since Janu- leaders." the Midwest's center of research." ary 1, 1961. Employment is up Prof. Dow declares. "Electronic re- from 26,000 to 40,000 in the five- search activities here total about year period. The industry produced $9.7 million annually." $720 million in annual sales during The community around Ann Ar- 1960, according to Chamber of bor has also been expanding its re- Commerce figures. search activities. Public and pri- Success of Control Data and vate sources invested more than $20 other young companies of the same million in new research facilities type inspired dozens of aggressive during the past two years. Ten of Michigan's young Twin Cities engineers to Von Tersch— the 18 firms in Ann Arbor's new spin off from large corporations. "1 brought research park are electronic or Terman in They initiated their own ventures electronics-oriented. to speak." in a sort of contagion, catalyzed by Four' formed or located there demand for products in dollar vol- within the past year and a half and umes that would not interest the still another major electronics firm larger corporations, Shepherd ex- is expected to announce purchase of plains: space there momentarily. "The na- Trending toward industrial election's first state-supported program tronic products and applications, for space research is advancing edu- the most significant direction of Twin Cities growth is in specialized digital systems, peripheral equip- Ann Arbor's research park. University of Michigan is teamed up with 18 ment and industrial and commer- industrial companies, foundations and agencies in $50-million development cial production. But military products still account for a large share of the volume. Extra attraction is a still-un- named research and development institute to be initiated this fall or early next year as a nonprofit, university-connected center for work in electronics, R&D and economic studies. Dr. Lawrence Von Tersch, Michi- gan State head of electrical engineering, comments "I was the one,

22 electronics NEW RESEARCH ACTIVITY

as president of NEC, who brought an annual electronic Ph.D. goal of telle are contributing more signifi- Terman in to speak. But his talk more than 30 acouple of years from cant and original developments to has done more good at other univer- now. their field than his general indict- sities and in other states than it At Iowa State, Dr. George Town, ment of Midwest universities and has here." dean of the engineering college, re- industries would indicate." "The general electronic situation ports the new Instrumentation Re- Midwest "anti-intellectual" con- is even worse in the Midwest and search Lab, ready for occupancy cern with profitable refinement, In Michigan than Terman said it around January 1, has enrolled 13 production and marketing of exist- was," Von Tersch continued. "Peo- graduate students for the 1961-62 ing products is blamed by Prof. ple in our state who are in a posi- academic year. James Yocum, associate director of tion to influence development of Ohio State failed in its attempt Ohio State's bureau of business re- electronics are not aware they to get $15 million enabling legis- search, as an important factor in should be doing anything different. lation enacted this summer for set- the Midwest areas present elec- Unless we stop losing our best elec- ting up just such a center on the tronics lag. trical engineering graduates, Mid- periphery of its campus. University of Illinois could use west electronics will be a second- With Columbus industry Ohio electronics production facilities as rate operation." John Ryder, dean State is eyeing NASA plans to uti- a cross-tie for students studying of engineering, agrees "only lize more research in universities electronics, Dean William Everitt stronger research activity and the and other nonprofit institutions and commented. addition of more electronic research suggesting closer cooperation be- However, Illinois is already to this area will remedy our loss of tween Case, Western Reserve and deeply involved in the new elec- intellectual power." the University of Cincinnati — tronics, with a $5 million annual Purdue reasserted scientific lead- pointing out that research activities research program, which makes the ership with the recent announce- of the kind sought typically develop university one of the largest elec- ment that its Research Foundation industries within a 150-mile radius. tronic research centers; including has signed its first tenant to occupy Dean Harold Bolz of Ohio State's a Coordinated Scientific Lab, phys- the first building on the first six College of engineering says "Ter- ics and computer labs along with acres of the 100-acre McClure Re- man failed to point out Midwest a $54 million program by the search park to be developed a mile research leaders such as Ohio State, Atomic Energy Commission and and a half from the campus. The the University of Illinois, ARF, additional solid state and nuclear foundation will sell or lease land on National Cash Register and Bat- engineering programs. which companies may erect their own buildings or will build and lease to them. "McClure will provide near-university employment for the inven- tive genius, the potential entrepre- neur and the fertile minds who might otherwise go elsewhere," MINN( APOLIS says Professor Tom Jones, electri- • ST PAUL cal engineering head. "No more than 15 percent of Midwestern (1--- '— ----:\ MILWAUKEE ARBOR ROR 1-S Ph.D.'s have stayed here, up to now, ., CFTPC• T ... _...• ,..., - and these have gone into the teach- CEDAR RAPIDS* ç • . 1 C. ) CHICAGO - - ing profession almost to a man. \ i —.CLEVE-L-1----"AND Our new R & D environment will k---- — LAFAYETTE (PURDUE ) • i COLUMBUS cause a significant portion of our --'\ ( INDIANAPOLISI * •

Ph.D.'s to choose permanent loca- KANSAS CITY àlei CINCINNATI ST LOUIS*? tions here—some will even return J^-' ) • to Lafayette as result of it," Jones predicted. v Vi Purdue's sponsored electronics research program has grown over the past three years from $20,000 annually to acurrent $600,000. Rate of electronic Ph.D. production has expanded during the same period from 6a year to more than 20, with Electronics in Midwest. Stars show industry centers; dots show new R&D

October 6, 1961 23 d e

Uhf antenna consists of two bow-tie All-transistor East German computer uses Gardens and pavilions av dipoles; plastic hood makes antenna 650 transistors, 1,500 diodes. Speed is 5 micro- West Berlin fair. Average into lamp (Telefunken) sec for addition, 280 for multiplication exposition amounted to

A TALE OF TWO FAIRS: Leipzig

West Germans stress By JIM MORRISON, the door to low-cost Japanese tran- McGraw-Hill World News sistor portables that sell for as radio and tv. little as $18. By contrast, this East Germans show BONN—STRIFE-BOUND BERLIN was year's German radios sell from 10 given afleeting air of normality last to 15 percent higher than last desk-sized computer month when after an absence of year's with little improvement. 22 years West Germany's radio and During 1960 2.3 million tv sets television industries staged their with a value of $350 million were annual show. Since 1949 the shows made. Production in the first half have been held alternately in of 1960 totaled 988,400 sets worth Frankfurt or Dusseldorf. $168 million. Presently only 28 per- Two days of time and 100 miles cent of West German households of high-speed autobahn separated are tv-equipped; this year manu- the autumn exposition in Soviet- facturers look to 40 percent. controlled Leipzig. The show dis- West Germany seems to be ahead played consumer goods predomi- of U. S. in uhf tv. The Federal Post nently with heavy emphasis on Office is now operating 82 transmit- radio, tv and similar equipment. ters in the uhf band. In Berlin, 160 West German ex- Ninety-five percent of tv sets hibitors occupied more than 600,- made this year have 23-in, screens; 000 sq ft of covered space. Average some portables use 19-in. screens. attendance at the 10-day show was There is widespread use of 19 and 45,000 a day. 23-in, square-cornered screens. One In Leipzig, the whole might of year ago, 68 percent of West Ger- e East Germany's radio-tv industry man tv sets used 21-in. screens. was concentrated on three small Most tv makers are offering re- Lineless tv attachment: Telefunken magnets (top) make raster dots floors of a state-operated store oc- mote control. Twin-tone and triple- egg shaped; Grundig wobble,. uses cupying a pre-war building on one tone ultrasonic devices permit 13.56-Mc crystal oscillator coupled of the city's side streets. channel changing, solume control to secondary winding sweep unit ai Radio production 'in West ter- or picture adjustment. One model (below) many reached 4.6 million in 1960 has an automatic light meter con- with sales of $190 million. Produc- nected through a resistor to the tion in the first half of 1961 in- picture tube. The arfangement creased 4.1 percent although manu- automatically adjusts brightness facturers see a flattening out with or contrast to meet changing am- major sales emphasis on transistor bient light. portable and auto radios. Three manufacturers showed so- Already 87 percent of 18.5 West called lineless tv. These sets get German households have one or rid of the raster lines at distances more radios. Last year 43 percent of 10 ft or more. However, the re- of radio production was exported sulting images often appear mur- with one fourth going to U. S. key and to have lost definition. Target for this year is 48 percent. Telefunken attaches a $4 mag- German manufacturers report netic device to the picture tube that that rising labor costs have opened draws normally round raster dots

24 electronics MAC ailable to exhibitors and public at daily attendance at the ten-day 45,000 visitors AMPS and Berlin

into egg shapes. Grundig uses a wobbler circuit that staggers the dots of the raster out of a straight line; it turns the normally straight line of dots into a saw tooth. Saba puts a transparent plastic screen sheet over the picture-tube screen. The plastic sheet has many fine dots milled into it. Stereo does not seem to. be catch- ing on in Germany. Out of two Intl- lion record, players made in 1960 only 18 percent were stereo. Less than seven percent of records pressed in Germany are stereo- phonic. Unveilings at the Leipzig autumn fair included a transistor computer about the same size as an office desk and the first transistor portable radio of East German manu- Confidence facture. At the simultaneous show of rain a dio and tv equipment, one state- subsidized firm showed a tape re- quality product corder said to be the first East German consumer product to use printed circuits. The fast response, wide dynamic Stereo hi-fi was also in the spot- range, high gain and light weight light although there is only one of an Airpax MAG AMP provide stereo record available in East Ger- many: a Bach cantata. A couple the systems engineer with that of the newer tv receivers use 28-in. extra degree of versatility which tubes imported from West Ger- permits a successful design rather many. In fact, 30 percent of all components used in East German than a marginal system. electronic equipment come from West Germany. Otherwise, West German par- ticipation in the East German autumn fair was sharply reduced. C. o n. • o Last year 1,000 West German firms exhibited. This year 700 were ex- SEMINOLE DIVISION • FT. LAUDERDALE, FIA. pected; 278 showed up according to Tass.

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 25 ON READER SERVICE CARD 25 'V `V 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V 4 N s• EC SPRAGUE' Is a Rebirth of Midwest MODEL 500 INTERFERENCE LOCATOR CHICAGO—AT LAST YEAR'S NEC Dr. opment Company—Company X. 4 Frederick E. Terman, vice presi- The company would concentrate on dent and provost of Stanford Uni- systems management and would versity dropped a verbal atom bomb mobilize the resources of the Chi- when he chided Midwest electron- cago area. One ambitious project 4 ics, on its home grounds, for fail- selected for the proposed company ure to provide the creative content would be development of an elec- 4 necessary to retain its brighter tronic deterrent to nuclear war. electronic engineering graduates. The association subcommittee The beneficial fallout from this goes on to point out some business 4 blast is still with us. problems facing the Chicago-area On the eve of the 17th annual electronics industry today. National Electronics Conference, One cause of frustration is the local business and academic sources relative lack of government con- 4 agree that aggressive planning, in- tracts in the area. dustry-university cooperation and Chicago still leads the nation a modicum of financial backing can with $900 million worth of elec- bring about an R&D rennaissance tronic consumer products; 45 per- in Midwest electronics. cent of the business in radios, tv 4 Here are a few developments of sets, phonographs, organs and the past year: other consumer electronics. 4 However, this consumer market •Small new electronics com- is expected to grow only half a panies such as those springing up billion—to a total of $21 billion— in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area by 1965. 4 are proving the commercial value In the government electronics This versatile instrument is a of advanced science and technology. market, growth to $71 billion is an- highly sensitive interference lo- ticipated by 1965. Last year Chi- *Electronics parks are under cator- with the widest frequency cago's share was only 2.7 percent 4 construction on the borders of range of any standard available —$150 million—in the national unit! Model 500 tunes across the Michigan, Ohio State and Purdue 1 total of $51 billion, according to entire standard and FM broad- campuses. figures reported by the electronics cast, shortwave, and VHF-TV 4 •A depth survey is underway to subcommittee of Chicago Associa- spectrums from 550 kc. to 220 demonstrate the exact rate of de- tion of Commerce and Industry. mc. in 6 bands. 1 cline (or growth) of 75 electronics In industrial electronics growth It's a compact, portable, rug- companies in the Chicago area. Re- to a national market of billion ged, versatile instrument—engi- 4 sults will lay a foundation for ac- is anticipated by 1965. neered and designed for most 4 tion recommendations and will be The Chicago area accounted for efficient operation in practical presented to the NEC on Monday, only about 5.6 percent—$98 million field use. It features atransistor- 4 Oct. 9 by Professor Albert Ruben- worth—of the nation's total output ized power supply, meter indi- stein of Northwestern, survey of $11 billion worth of industrial cations proportional to carrier 4 chairman. electronics during 1960, according strength as well as sensitivity of to the subcommittee's figures. 5 microvolts minimum for 5% 4 •Mayor Richard Daley of Chi- On a population basis, Chicago's meter deflection over entire tun- cago is giving top priority to elec- 1960 share of government electron- 4 ing range. tronics development with a two- ics business should have been more For full details, send for bro- month-old committee including than three times the actual 4.7 per- chure IL-106. more than 100 business, industrial cent, reported by the association's and civic leaders. SPRAGUE ELECTRIC COMPANY 4 subcommittee. Tax-wise, the Chi- 35 Marshall Street, North Adorns, Mass. One plan for a Midwest R&D cago area got back only 18 cents in rennaissance is proposed by John government business for every dol- Kennedy, president of James Elec- lar collected in taxes for electronic tronics and chairman of the sub- work. California received $2.86 in committee on electronics of the Chi- contracts for each of these dollars SPRAGUE® cago Association of Commerce and paid in taxes. THE MARK OF RELIABILITY Industry. He proposes formation Chicago and the Midwest have of a Regional Research and Devel- many more electronic firms than

26 CIRCLE 26 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics .1 d sert farm en t Volt-Second Calibrator for Magnetic SPRAGUE'S ALL-NEW Core Testing TYPE 2N2100 R&D Underway? [CDC TRANSISTOR...

MIDWEST R&D SCORECARD CHARGES that Chicago-area companies lag those on the East and West Coasts will be answered during the National Electronics Con- ference at a roundtable Oct. 11 at 2:30 p.m. in the Banquet Room of Chicago Stockyard Inn. Head-and-Shoulders Professors Terman and Ruben- stein will be there. Also Admiral Above Any Other R(174'73071 Bennett, former Chief of The Model 1W22 Volt-Second Naval Research, now with Sanga)110 Calibrator, a recent development of Core Driver on Electric; Daniel Noble of Motorola; Sprague Electric Company's Special and Dean William L. Everett of Products Division, is a highly- the Market Today! University of Illinois. A. A. Mac specialized instrument which gener- Donald chairman of the committee on NEC Electronic Research and ates a train of identical pulses. Development will moderate The volt-second area of the pulses, Sprague Type 2N2100 Germanium continuously variable over a wide Electro -Chemical Diffused-Collector range, is accurately determined at Transistors, especially developed for the West Coast; Illinois alone has any time by multiplying the current high current core driver applications, 550 such companies, compared to flowing through an associated pre- offer a combination of ratings (with 650 in 11 Western states. But \Vest cision ammeter by the calibration 15 guaranteed minimums and maxi- constant of the instrument. The wave Coast has been getting more than mums) which is far superior to any- shape of the pulses is similar to half of the government's missile thing you've ever seen before. those which are produced by a ECDC construction combines the business. square-loop core toroid undergoing optimum fectures of the electro- University of Illinois' Dean Wil- a pulse test. chemical precision-etch techniques liam Everett contradicts charges The Model 1W22 is intended for and diffused-collector techniques in that Midwestern universities have the calibration of electronic inte- one highly-mechanized process. failed to produce their share of grators used in measuring the volt- That's why the 2N2100 meets all of electronic scientists with figures second areas of "fast" voltage pulses. the conditions for an "ideal" transistor. showing Illinois produced 100 elec- It is particularly useful in square- Compare these characteristics and tronics Ph.D.'s over the past six loop core testing systems, including ratings with those of any other core years compared to Stanford's 128, cores such as bobbin, ferrite, and driver! and 21 Ph.D.'s compared to Stan- small tape-wound cores. ford's 24 for 1960. The flux change in a core under VCS 25V bre (min. at //GCS 25V lc = 400 ma VCE = 1.56) 15 Northwestern is preparing to test is determined by integrating the VE. 2V Yee (SAT ) make its 105 acre golf course avail- core output response with an elec- IC 500ina Pd (25' C (max. at k = 200ma able as a regional research and de- tronic integrator. The output of the Casej 750mw I. = 10ma) integrator is proportional to the Pd (25 C VUE (max. at velopment center of the Company ambient) 250mw lc = 200ma I. = tome) 0.9V flux change and can be expressed in (Ceo (max.) 12ma at 12V X type, according to W. F. Kerr, Cob (man.) 20pf terms of volt-seconds or in equiv- rice° (min.) 25 at vice president. lc — 100ma It 2110mc T alent flux units, such as Maxwells. 35 "Our mission is to do basic and CV ccs (min.) 25 tr (nsec max.) The output of the calibrator con- BV cco (min.) 12 Is (nxen max.) 70 fundamental research and to de- 2 It (nee max.) 60 sists of uni -polar voltage pulses of evE.0 (min.) velop the corps of research person- 60 pps, each having a pulse width nel industry needs," says Dr. Har- of approximately 0.5 µsec. The For complete technical information old Gottas, dean of Northwestern's actual volt-second area of each out- on Type 2N2100 Transistors, write Technological Institute. put pulse from the calibrator may for Engineering Bulletin 30,401 to Majority of Chicago area com- be varied, from 2.5 to 550 Maxwells, Technical Literature Section, Sprague panies report that favorable earn- continuously and precisely. Electric Company, 35 Marshall Street, ings result from the stable volume Model 1W22, housed in a rugged North Adams, Massachusetts. offered by consumer markets. But steel cabinet, is intended for bench '*Trademark of Sprague Electric Co. scores of firms have contributed re- use. Model 1W20, for standard rack search talent and products to parts mounting, is also available. of the Mercury man in space pro- For complete technical data, write gram. However, experts add that for Engineering Bulletin 90,100 to SPRAGUE® most Chicago companies still have Technical Literature Section, TilE MARK OF RELIABILITY much to learn about how to bid for Sprague Electric Company, 35 a prime weapons-system contract. Marshall St., North Adams, Mass. CIRCLE 225 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 27 ON READER SERVICE CARD 27 October 6, 1961 Immediate delivery at factory prices ... from Mallory industrial

14(- 4"1"1 Mi

TANTALUM CAPACITORS Industry's CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS All broadest line. Microminiature to standard temperature coefficients. high capacity: 0.33 to 1300 mfd. Ratings from 50 volts general pur- Sintered wet slug, solid and foil pose to 6000 volts. Made by Radio types. Temperature ratings —55 to Materials Company, a Mallory +200°C. division.

SUBMINIATURE SNAP-ACTION SWITCHES itch line of preci- SELECTOR SWITCHES Push-button, sion push-button switches; toggles lever action, rotary, wafer, multi- and auxiliary actuators for slide or section. Phenolic or ceramic in- cam action. Temperature ratings to sulation. 300°F. Also hermetically sealed types.

HIGH-CAPACITY, HEAVY-DUTY VITREOUS ENAMEL RESISTORS Com- ELECTROLYTICS High-capacity HC plete line of fixed and adjustable type and non-polarized NP type. wire-wound resistors including MIL Plastic case. Compact, leak-proof types. 5 to 200 watts, resistances to design. High ripple current rating, 100,000 ohms. cool operation. From 3V, 6700 mfd. to 450V, 88 mfd.

These Mallory industrial distributors Electronic Equipment 6 Miami, Fla. Atlas Electronics 1 2 6 Perth Amboy, N. J. East Coast Radio 4 6 Orlando, Fla. Nidisco, Inc. 2 Union City, N.J. Stock the lines indicated by numerals: Thurow Electronics Tampa, Fla. State Electronics 2 4 6 Whippany, N. J. Key: 1—Tantalum capacitors Allied Radio 2 6 Chicago, III. Ft. Orange Radio 2 Albany, N.Y. 2—Selector switches Chauncey's, Inc. 4 Chicago Ill. Federal Electronics 1 2 6 Bi nghamton. N. Y. Newark Electronics 2 6 Chicago, Ill. GEM Electronics 2 6 Brooklyn, N.Y. 3—Vitreous enamel resistors Melvin Electronics 6 Oak Park, Ill. Radio Equipment 2 Buffalo, N. Y. 4—Ceramic disc capacitors Bruce Electronics 3 6 Springfield, III. Standard Electronics,Inc. 2 6 Buffalo, N.Y. 5—Snap-action switches Graham Electronics 2 3 4 5 6 Indianapolis, Ind. Summit Disto. 2 Buffalo, N.Y. 6—HC-NP capacitors Wehle Electronics 1 6 Buffalo, N. Y. Radio Supply 5 Wichita, Kansas Statewide Electronics 4 East Syracuse, N.Y. Standard Radio Parts 1 Tucson, Ariz. P. I. Burks & Co. 2 6 Louisville, Ky. Lafayette Radio 2 Jamaica, N. Y. Newark Electronics 2 6 Inglewood, Calif. D & H Distributing 2 6 Baltimore, Md. Greylock Electronic 2 Kingston, N. Y. 6 Lyn-brook, L.I., N.Y. California Electronics 1 2 6 Los Angeles, Calif. Kann-Ellert Electron. 5 Baltimore, Md. Peerless Radio Electronic Supply 1 2 6 Los Angeles, Calif. Radio Elec. Serv. 1 Baltimore, Md. Bruno-New York 2 6 New York, N. Y. Federated Purchaser 2 6 Los Angeles, Calif. Electronic Center 2 6 New York, N. Y. 12 Kierulff Electronics 1 2 4 5 6 Los Angeles, Calif. Cramer Electronics 6 Boston, Mass. Harrison Radio 1 2 3 4 6 New York, N. Y. Radio Product Sales 1 2 6 Los Angeles, Calif. DeMambro Rad.Sup. 1 2 3 6 Boston, Mass. Harvey Radio 1 2 6 New York, N. Y. Lafayette Radio 1 2 Lynch Electronics 1 2 6 Monrovia, Calif. 6 Boston, Ma ss. Lafayette Radio 1 2 3 6 New York, N.Y. Radio Shack 2 Brill Electronics 6 Oakland, Calif. Boston, Mass. Milo Electronics 1 2 6 New York, N.Y. Elmer Electronics 1 2 4 6 Oakland, Calif. Radio Specialties 2 Detroit, Mich. Terminal HudsonElec. 1 2 6 New York, N. Y. Zack Electronics 1 2 3 5 6 Palo Alto, Calif. Northwest Radio 1 2 4 Minneapolis, Minn. Higgins & Sheer Elec. 2 Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 6 Syracuse, N.Y. Elwyn W. Ley 2 6 Paramount, Calif. Burstein-Applebee 2 6 Kansas City, Mo. Morris Electronics Shanks & Wright 4 San Diego, Calif. Valley Indus. Elec. 2 Utica, N. Y. Peninsula Electronics 5 San Jose, Calif. Walters Radio 2 6 Kansas City, Mo. Westchester Electron. 1 2 White Plains, N.Y. Interstate Indus. Elec. 4 St. Louis, Mo. Denver Electronics 1 6 Denver, Colo. Olive Electronics 1 5 St. Louis, Mo. Dalton-Hege Inc. 1 Winston-Salem,N.C. Westconn Electronics 1 2 Bridgeport, Conn. General Radio 2 6 Camden, N. J. Akron Electronic Sup. 2 Akron, Ohio Radio Appliance Co. 2 E. Hartford, Conn. Eastern Radio 2 6 Clifton, N. J. United Radio 1 3 4 Cincinnati, Ohio Westchester Electronics 2 Stamford, Conn. Federated Purchaser 1 2 6 Mountainside, N.J. Pioneer Electronics 1 6 Cleveland, Ohio Capitol Radio 1 6 Washington, D.C. Aaron Lippman & Co. 2 Newark, N. J. Thompson Radio 2 4 Columbus, Ohio Electronic Indus. Sales 1. 2 6 Washington, D.C. Lafayette Radio 1 8 Newark, N. J. Whitehead Radio 3 Columbus, Ohio

28 CIRCLE 28 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Lag Seen In Microwave Profits

WARNING came this week to manu- potted and pretested, but not inter- distributors facturers of private microwave sys- connected. When acircuit is needed tems that they should not expect in a hurry, the logical equation is much volume in business over the fed to a computer, which prints out next two or three years. Common- a circuit that will do the job. carrier competition and the need The circuit is photo-reduced and for customer education were seen printed on the block of logical ele- as stumbling blocks. ments to wire the element termi- The admonition was made in a nals. The module is then plugged 198-page report by eight graduates into the space system. Some of the of the Harvard Business School. components will be wasted. JPL Titled "Microwave Communica- estimates that in high-density Wherever you may be, aMallory tions: Commercial Possibilities in packages, component use will be Industrial Distributor near you the 60's", the document is the re- about 75 percent. can supply you with Mallory sult -of a six-month study on the original equipment parts from impact of the Federal Communica- tions Commission decision in 1959 stock at factory prices. You'll opening frequencies above 890 Mc Navy Finances Thin- profit by his prompt delivery on to private users. all your small-lot orders .. . for The report says that private Film Mass Production research, maintenance, or short microwave thus far has been char- IBM FEDERAL SYSTEMS division has acterized by bitter competition and production runs. Each of the or- a $i million contract from Navy to adds that profits from the private develop a high-volume production ganizations listed below special- market were negligible. system for thin-film subassemblies. izes in industrial electronic supply. The report urges manufacturers The pilot production line is to be Call them for your rush orders to concentrate now on markets such delivered within a year to the Na- as railroads, petroleum companies, .. . they're ready to serve you. val Avionics Facility, Indianapolis. gas pipelines and the military. But The equipment will consist of a by 1966 the maximum growth rate line of four vacuum chambers. of the market will be reached. The Substrates will be deposited under Distributor Division researchers anticipate a market automatic control. Navy will use plateau by the end of the decade. the line to produce experimental Indianapolis 6, Indiana One change in outlook urged is devices and will encourage other that communications men play a companies to install such equip- more important role in overall sys- ment as part of the Navy industrial tems development so that they may readiness plan. IBM plans to mar- assume a more significant role in ket equipment or establish other MALLORY data transmission and applications sources of supply. of microwave radio other than voice communications. High speed data transmission is seen as the most important growth area for private microwave. This Plasma Propulsion Engine will put emphasis on data process- Runs 60 Hours in Test ing, telemetering and remote con- Allied Supply 1 3 4 Dayton, Ohio REPPAC III, a repetitively pulsed Srepco, Inc. 2 Dayton, Ohio trol. Serves Electronics 4 Marion, Ohio The study says the greatest con- plasma propulsion engine (ELEC- Trice WhIsle Electronics 2 Okla. City, Okla. TRONICS, p 4, Sept. 1, 1961), ran Engineering Supply 1 Tulsa, Okla. tribution manufacturers can now Eoff Electric 4 Portland, Ore. make to market growth is in cus- continuously for 60 hours at Gen- Television Parts 3 4 New Brighton, Pa. tomer education and marketing. eral Electric's Space Laboratory. Cameradio Co. 5 Pittsburgh, Pa. Radio Parts 2 6 Pittsburgh, Pa. Firing rate was 1,000 a minute. GE Al no Radio 2 6 Philadelphia, Pa. Herbach & Rademan Philadelphia, Pa. says the system can operate long Phila. Electronics 2 6 Philadelphia, Pa. Radio Elec. Serv. 2 6 Philadelphia, Pa. enough to fulfill requirements of a Geo. D. Barbey Co. 6 Reading, Pa. year-long space mission. West Chester Elec. 4 West Chester, Pa. Electra Distrib. 1 2 8 Nashville, Tenn. Instant Circuits May Run in a high-vacuum chamber Engineering Supply 1 4 6 Dallas, Texas to prevent interaction of plasma McNicol, Inc. 4 El Paso, Texas Harrison Equip. 1 6 Houston, Texas Speed Space Hardware exhaust and residual gases, the en- Lenert Co. 1 6 Houston, Texas Rucker Electronic 1 2 3 4 6 Arlington, Va. JET PROPULSION Laboratory is gine developed 20 millipounds of F. B. Connelly Co. 1 2 3 4 5 Seattle, Wash. studying mechanization of circuit thrust with a specific impulse of Radio Parts 3 6 Milwaukee, Wis. preparation as a way to speed im- 5,000 seconds. It used seven kilo- Montreal. Que. Canadian Elec. Sup. at Wackid Radio Ottawa, Ont. plementation of space hardware. watts of power and operated Toronto, Ont. Alpha Aracon Radio 32 percent efficiency. Electro Sonic Sup. Toronto, Ont. A group of logical elements are pre- Wholesale Radio Toronto, Ont. CIRCLE 29 ON READER SERVICE CARD 29 MEETINGS AHEAD

BROADCAST SYMPOSIUM, PGB of IRE; WRAP-AROUND Willard Hotel, Washington, D. C., Oct. 6-7.

MAGNETIC SHIELDS Economical NATIONAL ELECTRONICS CONF., IRE, CO-NETIC &NETIC AIEE, EIA, SMPTE; Int. Amphithe- atre, Chicago, Oct. 9-11. APPLIED IN SECONDS Magnetic Shielding Foils AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY, Conven- For Any Size or Shape Components tion and Exhibit; Hotel New Yorker, New York City, Oct. 9-13.

PRINTED CIRCUITS, Institute Of, An- nual; Sheraton-Chicago Hotel, Chi- cago, Oct. 10-11.

STANDARDS, National Conf. on, ASA; Rice Hotel, Houston, Texas, Oct. 10-12.

DIGITAL COMPUTERS, Application to Automated Instructions, ONR, Sys- tems Devel. Corp.; Dept. of Interior Audit., C Street, Wash., D. C., Oct. 11-13.

WRITING & SPEECH, Engineering, PGEWS of IRE; Kellogg Center, Mich. State Univ., East Lansing, Mich., Oct. 16-17.

VACUUM SCIENCE and Technology, American Vacuum Society; Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D. C., Oct. 16-19. Netic and Co-Netic foils are universally used as an evaluation tool; ultimately, as a production solution. Available in continuous lengths on rolls up to le wide ...for human production line QUALITY CONTROL, American Society or to fit automated existing reels of your tape serving machinery. Furnished in final annealed for; Chase-Park Plaza Hotel, St. Louis, state ready for your operation. Mo., Oct. 19-20. HOW YOU SAVE SPACE, WEIGHT, TIME, MONEY RELIABILITY, Electronic, IRE; N.Y.U. Minimum weight and displacement shielding designs are possible due to the Coll. of Eng., Univ. Heights, N. Y. C., magnetic shielding effectiveness of Co-Netic and Netic foils .. . foils can be Oct. 20. supplied FROM .00r, even thinner if you desire. Ordinary scissors cut foil easily to exact contour and size required. Foil can be wrapped quickly around hard-to-get-at components, saving valuable time, minimizing tooling costs. TELLURIC AND GEOMAGNETIC Field Variations, URSI, Univ. of Texas, HOW TO INCREASE RELIABILITY ONR; Student Union Bldg., Austin, Texas, Oct. 20-21. Guard against performance degradation from unpredictable magnetic field conditions to which your equipment may be exposed. Eliminate such failure or erratic performance possibilities with dependable Co-Netic and Netic protection AERONAUTICAL & NAVIGATIONAL Elec., East Coast Conf., PGANE of IRE; .. . assuring performance repeatability for your device over a wider range of Lord Baltimore Hotel, Baltimore, Md., magnetic field conditions. Oct. 23-25. Co-Netic and Netic alloys are not affected significantly by dropping, vibration or shock. They are characterized by low magnetic retention and do not require URSI-IRE FALL MEETING, URSI, PGAP periodic annealing. When grounded, they effectively shield electrostatic as well of IRE; Univ. of Texas Student Union as magnetic fields over a wide range of intensities. Bldg., Austin, Texas, Oct. 23-25. Every satellite and virtually all guidance devices increase reliability with Netic and Co-Netic magnetic shielding alloys. Use these highly adaptable foils for AEROSPACE NUCLEAR PROPULSION In- saving valuable space, weight, time and money .. .in solving your magnetic ternat. Symp.; Las Vegas, Nev., Oct. shielding problems for military, commercial and laboratory applications. 23-26. PHONE YOUR NEAREST SALES OFFICE TODAY:

MERIDEN. CONNECTICUT. BEverly 7-9232 HOUSTON, TEXAS, HOmestead 5-7780 QUALITY CONTROL, American Society, UNION CITY. NEW JERSEY. UNion 4-9577 ALBUQUERQUE. NEW MEXICO. AMherst 8-6797 ASQC; Sheraton Hotel, Philadelphia, PHOENIX, ARIZONA. AMhurst 4-4934 BALTIMORE. MARYLAND, HOpluns 7-3766 Oct. 24-25. DECATUR. GEORGIA. 378.7516 SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, BRowning 8-6230 CORAL GABLES. FLORIDA, Highlands 3-7439 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA, WEbster 1.1041 PALO ALTO. CALIFORNIA, DAvenport 1-5064 MAITLAND, FLORIDA, Midway 7.7830 NEREM, Northeast Research & Engi- SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, EA 3-8545 ST PETERSBURG. FLORIDA. WAverly 1-9735 neering Meeting, Commonwealth Arm- DALLAS, TEXAS. FLeetwood 1-1615 MONTREAL, QUEBEC, WEllington 7.1161 ory and Somerset Hotel, Boston, Nov. 14-46.

MAGNETIC SHIELD DIVISION IRE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION, Coli- seum & Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New Perfection Mica Company York City, Mar. 26-29, 1962.

1322 N. ELSTON AVENUE, CHICAGO 22, ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS Exp., Elec- ORIGINATORS OF PERMANENTLY EFFECTIVE NE TIC CO-NETIC MAGNETIC SHIELDING tronic Representatives Inc., Detroit Artil. Armory, Detroit, Oct. 24-26.

30 CIRCLE 30 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics TUNG-SOL HIGH PERFORMANCE

GENERAL PURPOSE MINIATURE COMPUTER TRIODE 7719

Directly replaces parallel-connected 5965 and 7062 twin-triodes while providing these added advantages for designers of computer circuits:

• Higher transconductance e Very sharp cut-off • Much higher plate • Linear transfer dissipation characteristics • Very high perveance • Improved reliability

The Tung-Sol 9-pin miniature 7719 general purpose triode is the latest addition to the Tung-Sol family of top-rated, high- reliability tubes for computer service. Rated at 6 watts plate dissipation, the 7719 incorporates many design and construction features which assure computer users the maximum number of hours of trouble-free peak performance.

CHECK THESE ADDITIONAL BENEFITS: • Freedom from cathode interface and reduced electrical leakage .. . Achieved through use of apassive cathode alloy and lower heater power per unit area. • Minimization of grid emission .. .The 7719 is designed with heavy grid support wire and adouble connection to the grid for cooler operation allowing use of 1megohm grid circuit resistance. • High stability .... Use of heavier stock plate material assures more even distribution of heat and lower plate temperature. Cool operation further guaranteed by cool cathode and low bulb temperature (175°C at 6 watt dissipation). • Very little "island" formation .. . Optimized geometry minimizes island formation thereby providing sharp cut-off, linearity and high perveance. Typical applications of the 7719 are found in totem pole amplifiers to drive function-generating potentiometers, cathode followers, and multivibrators. Full technical details on the 7719 are available immediately on request.

RATINGS

Heater Voltage (Series) 12.6±0.6 Volts Heater Voltage (Parallel) 6.8±0.9 Volts Maximum Plate Voltage 880 Volts Maximum Plate Dissipation 8.0 Watts Maximum DC Cathode Current 40 Ma. Maximum Heater-Cathode Voltage: Heater Negative With Respect to Cathode Total DC and Peak 200 Verte Heater Positive With Respect to Cathode erot:.; .:e). • DC 100 Volts 711. Total DC and Peak 200 Vets ,. IIIJ NIIIIIII Maximum Bulb Temperature 175 •C H!PiiONAIII :::: "M il/

an ! ii !.sm1WIWM

... nliili gi 1111

NU E:Kuning rii niEriddirdt1i Mil... grill PI TUNGSOL® 7 Technical assistance is available through: Atlanta, Ga.; Columbus. Ohio; Culver City, Calif.; Dallas, Texas; Denver, Colo.; Detroit, Mich.; Irvington, N. J.; Melrose Park, Ill.; Newark, N. J.; Seattle, Wash. ln CANADA: Abbey Elec- tronics, Toronto, Ontario

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 31 ON READER SERVICE CARD 31 c;e0L FNAT/ 0

ELECTRONIC /9ü/l/ E TAT TUBE CAIN G. COMPANY DIVISION

SPERRY RAND CORPORATION

Improved customer service forecast as Sperry Electronic Tube Division names Cain & Co. national representatives

REGIONAL OFFICES St. Petersburg, Florida Dayton, Ohio 410 — 150th Avenue Phone RO 7-8661 Burbank, California Madeira Beach Prof.BIdg. Dallas, Texas 2615 W. Magnolia Blvd. 391-0151 Phone BL 5-2050 VI 9-6781 Albuquerque, New Mexico Great Neck, Long Island, DISTRICT OFFICES Phone 268-5300 N. Y. Boston, MassachuSetts San Francisco, California 260 Northern Boulevard Phone VO 2-5330 Phone YO 8-0995 HN 6-0600 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania San Diego, California Phone HA 8-3700 Chicago 45, Illinois Phone HU 8-0665 3508 Devon Avenue Washington, D. C. Seattle, Washington OR 6-9500 Phone EX 3-7587 Phone MA 3-3303

:32 CIRCLE 32 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics NUMBER 19—NEW PRODUCT SERIES Bourns Resiston Carbon Potentiometers Now Available in Any Trimpot Configuration

Use Them up to 150'C—They're Twice as Stable as Competitive Units!

Whatever carbon potentiometer type or configuration you need, Bourns can now fill it with "rrimpot Resiston models —potentiometers incorporating the exclusive carbon-film element that virtually eliminates problems of heat and humidity. Most models operate at temperatures to 150C and under cycling humidity conditions with only half the resistance shift of ordinary carbon potentiometers. All units feature infinite resolution and standard resistances up to 1,000,000 ohms. Check the expanded selection below. It offers you eight ways of obtaining high resistance values and infinite resolution without sacrificing reliability. You can get the exact environmental specs you need, and you can find the right price range for your budget. Write for complete data and list of stocking distributors.

34-Inch-Long Carbon Trimpot— Model 3001. General-Purpose Resiston® Carbon Trimpot® Operates to 150 °C /P terminals/ 0.2 watt /20K —Model 215. Operates to I25°C / L. S. P ter- to 1 Meg. Sealed. Meets Mil Specs for cycling Extra Low-Cost Commercial Resiston Carbon minals / '4 watt / 20K to 1 Meg. Unsealed. humidity. E-Z Trim® Potentiometer—Model 3068. Oper- ates to 85°C / S, P terminals / 0.2 watt / 20K to 1 Meg. Meets Steady-State Humidity Specs Less than $1 in production quantities.

High-Temperature Humidity-Proof Resiston Humidity-Proof Resiston Carbon Trimpot— Carbon Trimpot —Model 3011. Operates to Model 235. Operates to 125°C / L, S, P termi- 150°C / L, P terminals / '4 watt /20K to 1 Meg. nals / 14 watt / 20K to 1 Meg. Sealed. Meets Sealed. Meets Mil Specs for cycling humidity. /12 " Square Resiston Carbon Trimpot— Model Mil Specs for cycling humidity. 3251. Operates to 150°C L, P, W terminals / V, watt / 20K to 1 Meg. Sealed. Meets Mil Specs for cycling humidity.

KEY TO TERMINALS High-Temperature Humidity-Proof Resiston L— insulated stranded leads Carbon Trimpot —Model 3051. Only .19" wide. W— uninsulated wires High-Quality, Low Cost Commercial Carbon Operates to 150 °C/ L, S. P terminals /14 watt / S—solder lugs Trimite— Models 272, 274, 276. Operates to 20K to 1 Meg. Sealed. Meets Mil Specs for P— printed circuit pins 85°C / L, S. P terminals / 0.2 watt / 20K to 1 cycling humidity. Meg. Unsealed.

7E3 0 T_T R., 1\T S

Write for complete data and list of stocking distributors MOURNS. INC.. TRIMPOT DIVISION 6135 MAGNOLIA AVE RIVERSIDE. CALIF.

PHONE. OVERLAND 4-1700 • TWX: R Z 922a CABLE: BOURNSINC.

Manufacturer: Trimpot® potentiometers: transducers for position, pressure, acceleration. Plants: Riverside, Calif.; Ames, Iowa; and Toronto, Canada

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 33 ON READER SERVICE CARD 33 New developments in TEFLON® 100 FEP speed use in wire and cable

insulation MIL-W-16878D inclusion of FEP permits new design in military hook-up wire

The recently issued "D" revision of New ML jacketing gives in- Bureau of Ships MIL-W-16878 specifi- creased reliability to thin-wall cation for hook-up wire includes FEP constructions as insulation for continuous service up to 200°C. Construction covered in the The wire and cable industry is finding new specifications are: exciting new uses for TEFLON 100 FEP- fluorocarbon resin. This new melt-proc- Type KT-250 v. service (6-mil insulation) essible member of the family of TEFLON Type K-600 v. service (10-mil insulation) Type KK-1,000 v. service (15-mil insulation) resins is being extruded in long, continuous lengths of wire insulation .. . In all three types, the user can obtain and as jacketing for wire and cable. TEFLON FEP over either tin-plated or One new development promises to silver-plated conductors. extend theusefulness of FEP still further, In all three constructions, the excel- especially in applications where mini- lent dielectric properties of TEFLON 100 aturization is important. This is the use FEP... its thermal stability .... its low- of ML Wire Enamel to provide FEP temperature toughness ... and its resist- insulations that have greatly increased ance to chemicals and solvents of all resistance to mechanical abuse. This is kinds will provide another significant accomplished with only athin coating means for designers to obtain increased of ML. Hence, mechanical reliability is reliability. increased without appreciable change Thus, FEP joins the older members in the insulation thickness, and with of the family of TEFLON fluorocarbon no effect on the thermal and nonflam- resins, the TFE resins, as specified in- mability properties of FEP. Nor are sulations under MIL-W-16878. Only the outstanding electrical properties of TFE and FEP resins are permitted for TEFLON 100 affected significantly. (ML thin-wall constructions under this spec. Wire Enamel is a new Class H insu- Another military application utilizing lating material supplied by Du Pont's FEP resin is covered in MIL-C-17C— Fabrics and Finishes Department.) jacketing material for coaxial cable.

34 electronics Vertical flame test 5 seconds after ignition of burners. No indication of burning on either "Teflon" FEP or TFE resins. Other insulations flame vigorously.

Rom

Downward price trend of TEFLON 100 FEP resin extends markets in insulation

In July, 1961, the price of TEFLON 100 FEP resin was reduced by 30%. This was the third reduction by Du Pont since the resin was introduced in June, 1957, and represented a 65% change from the original price. Increased sales and technical breakthroughs permit

.0e At, - t• 4 St - such price reductions. This history of price decreases paral- lels that of TEFLON TFE resins, today 15 seconds after removal of flame (30 selling at about one-fifth of their intro- seconds after ignition), FEP and TFE show ductory price. In terms of today's de- only slight discoloration. Other insulations signs, as well as for long-term develop- (at right) are still burning or are badly charred. These insulations are silicone ment programs, reliability costs less FEP used in computer-wire rubber, irradiated modified polyethylene With TEFLON. and polyvinyl chloride, respectively. insulation • • • Would you like more information about Within its briefcommercial life, Du Pont TEFLON 100 FEP-fluorocarbon resin? TEFLON 100 FEP resin has been accepted Just write to: E. I. du Pont de Nemours as primary insulation for hook-up wire & Co. (Inc.), Dept. E-106, Room by major manufacturers of data-proc- 2526T, Nemours Bldg., Wilmington 98, essing equipment. Modern high-speed FEP insulation does not burn Del. In Canada: Du Pont of Canada circuits demand uniform low capaci- Limited, P.O. Box 660, Montreal, Que. tance. This is provided by FEP, whose One very important property of TEFLON low dielectric constant is unaffected by 100 FEP resin is its complete nonflam- frequency or temperature. New wire- mability, illustrated above. For many wrap techniques, including high-speed applications, this nonflammability, with automatic wire-wrapping, require high its accompanying safety factors, is a TEFLON resistance to cut-thru. Here the combi- critical consideration. FLUOROCARBON RESINS nation of a primary insulation of TEFLON 100 has adielectric constant TEFLON is Du Pont's registered trademark for of only 2.1. This value remains constant TEFLON FEP with ajacket of "Zytel" its family offluorocarbon resins, including TFE nylon resin has proved outstanding. over theentire frequency range measured (tetrafluoroethylene) resins and FEP (fluori- Also important to thecomputer industry to date, and is essentially unaffected by nated ethylene propylene) resins. is the availability of insulated wire in temperature. Further, FEP retains both unlimited lengths, with tinned or silver- its electrical and mechanical properties plated conductors .. . and the excep- on heat aging, and is recommended for tional toughness and flexibility of FEP continuous use at temperatures as high insulation. as 200°C. Bettor Thins for Better Wing ... through Chem Y

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 35 ON READER SERVICE CARD 35 NEW... FROM SORENSEN

ssc

Regulated, variable-output

TRANSISTORIZED SINE WAVE INVERTER — The QISB, a rugged, low-cost, compact B SUPPLIES inverter, provides up to 60 VA of 115V AC at 60 or 400 cycles from a DC source. Output will not 2voltage ranges at 200, 400 and 800 MA vary more than ±3% with load variations. The QISB is easy to install and starts instantly. It has no Close regulation, constant current output and provisions for ex- moving parts and ternal programming distinguish these versatile new B Supplies. is not damaged by Available with 125-325 VDC or 325-525 VDC output, they also momentary overloads or output provide 6.5 VAC for powering external tube filaments. Mechani- shorts. cally designed for easy access to tubes and circuits, all models are designed for standard 19" rack mounting and include front-panel

3-PHASE FREQUENCY CHANGER—The output voltmeters and ammeters. These compact new plate and FCR 3P300 variable frequency power filament supplies are ideal for use in a broad variety of industrial source supplies 0-130 volts line to neutral; and laboratory electronic equipment. Ask for complete specifica- 300 VA 3-phase, 200 VA 2-phase, or 300 tions and literature. VA single phase with -±1% regulation for both SPECIFICATIONS output frequency and volt- INPUT VOLTS: 105-125 volts AC 50-400 Cycles All Models age. Frequency DC OUTPUT VOLTS: 125-325 V DC or 325-525 V DC may be varied from 45 to 2000 DC OUTPUT CURRENT (MA): 200, 400 or BOO cps in two LINE & LOAD REGULATION COMBINED: (0.1X + .05 V) ranges. Suitable for many labo- RIPPLE: 3 millivolts RMS ratory and in- AC OUTPUT VOLTS (unregulated): 6.5 V (at full load, 115 V AC Input) dustrial applications.

A UNIT OF RAYTHEON COMPANY

RICHARDS AVENUE • SOUTH NORWALK • CONNECTICUT

36 CIRCLE 36 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Have you explored the full design potentials of molded polyester-glass?

Few materials offer the designer so many oppor- Office, or write for our new folder, Dept. HI1-10, tunities for product design simplification and cost Wilmington, Delaware. reduction. 116 Choices: One Source This is the latest count of the dif- Added to the inherent toughness and strength of ferent plastics and grades NVF can offer in your search polyester-glaRs are good electrical and thermal prop- for the one best material. Add to this total the one special erties, weather resistance—and flame retardance if grade that can be developed from scratch to meet your particular need. This full range of materials is backed by you need it. complete engineering services. .. from application assistance up to and including the delivery of 100% usable, Using advanced molding and machining tech- precision-fabricated parts ... in any quantity, on time! niques, complex shapes and structures can be pro- Call the NVF Sales Office near you. It's a direct line duced to reduce product weight or the number of to single-source help on your current materials problem. parts, eliminate costly machining or stamping operations, simplify product assembly, improve product performance, life, or reliability. These are the kinds of results our customers are achieving. For a few thought-starters—and facts NATIONAL VULCANIZED FIBRE COMPANY about NVF polyester-glass products and mold- WILMINGTON 99, DELAWARE ing services—contact your nearby NVF Sales In Camada :NATIONAL FIBRE COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD., Toronto 3, Ontario

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 37 ON READER SERVICE CARD 37 MEASURE FREQUENCY, 200 MC to 12.4 GC, with COUNTER Faster More accurate ACCURACY! More useful Microwave frequency measurements tr .1,1t .e.

Introduce counter accuracy to your microwave frequency SPECIFICATIONS measurements with the unique Dymec Transfer Oscillator Synchronizer! Model DY-5796, used with a Hewlett-Packard DY-5796 Transfer Oscillator Synchronizer Transfer Oscillator and an 9 Counter, permits high- Frequency Range: 200 MC to 12.4 GC accuracy automatic frequency measurements, even on Lock-on Range: ±- 0.2% of signal frequency, maximum* varying signals, all the way to 12.4 GC. Price: $685.00 *With Modification Kit 9200-0028 for 540A/B Oscillator. $65.00 With the 9 540A/ B Transfer Oscillator and 9 524/5258 Frequency Counter, the DY-5796 Synchronizer provides pos- DY-5854 Frequency Measuring System itive locking of the transfer oscillator to the signal fre- Includes synchronizer, modified transfer oscillator, electronic counter with frequency converter, digital recorder with analog output, cabinet quency .. . thus giving you measurement accuracy equal and interconnecting cables.

to that of the counter time base. Higher accuracies can be Frequency Range: 200 MC to 12.4 GC achieved with an external frequency standard, such as the Lock-on Range: ± 0.2% of signal frequency, 111111111111 maximum 9. Model 103A Quartz Oscillator, which provides short term stability better than 5 parts in 10°. The 9 524C and 525B Accuracy: ± 1 count ± stability Stability: 3/10 short term, 5/10 per Frequency Converter covers 100 to 220 MC, and the 9 540A week with 524C/D internal (with external 9 934A Harmonic Mixer) or 540B (with the time base. May be used with external frequency standard, mixer built in) extends your measuring range to 12.4 GC. e.g., 103AR, for greater accuracy. By keeping the transfer oscillator and the signal frequency Registration: 9 places: first 2 on converter in permanent synchronization, the DY-5796 also permits dial, next 7 on counter. long term measurements of low drift rates at microwave Printout: Full readout of counter frequencies. FM deviations up to 0.2% of the carrier fre- printed on paper tape. Analog Output: For Potentiometer Recorder: quency can be measured with the addition of a VTVM and/ 0-100 mv. Minimum load re- or oscilloscope. Further, this instrument and the associated sistance 0.5M. Calibrate control. For Galvanometer Re- 11.111111111W equipment greatly simplify determination of the harmonic corder: 0-1 ma into 5000 number and microwave frequency. ohms or less. Zero and calibrate controls. The DY-5796 Synchronizer is available from Dymec for use FM Measurement: Deviations up to 0.2% of signal frequency at rates with your present 9 Transfer Oscillator* and Counter—or to 1 kc. Above 1 kc, max. deviation limit reduced at 20 db/decade to max. of 0.001% at 200 kc. you can use the Dymec 5854 Frequency Measuring System Price: $6,405.00. composed of the Synchronizer and the optimum related Data subject to change without notice. Prices f.o.b. factory. 9 equipment mounted in only 52 /12 "of rack space.

Write to your Dymecrnewlett-Packard representative or contact us directly for complete information.

A division of HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY

DEPT. E-1C, 395 PAGE MILL ROAD, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA • DAvenport 5-1755 • Area Code 415 TWX-117-U

7204

38 CIRCLE 38 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics , Stevens Manufacturing Co. Ray•O•Vac Company, .4 Inc., manufacturer manufacturer of a of Stemcoe thermostats complete line of batteries for all radio and electronic applications — A Division of The Electric Storage Battery Company

More than ayear prior to issue date One month before the 1961-62 electronics BUYERS' GUIDE and Reference Issue was off press, unsolicited, signed contracts for space in the 1962-63 EBG started coming in... an outstanding display of advertiser confidence! This belief in EBG as the basic buying book in the field of electronics has been enjoyed by the BUYERS' GUIDE for more than

twenty years. The accuracy of its ProdUct. Listings, its unique Refer- ence Section (and new exclusive features in the current issue, including the annual Index of Articles that has appeared in electronics, plus Abstracts of engineering articles) these and many other features inspire confidence so that EBG'S Advertiser Index reads like the "electronics social register." More advertisers (648) used the 1961 EBG than any other catalog-directory serving the electronics industry. Re- serve your space in the 1962-63 EBG now!

BUYERS' GUIDE and Reference Issue A McGraw-Hill Publication • 330 West 42nd Street, New York 36, New York statement about the Zenith electron-beam parametric amplifier

In every new development, there comes atime for areview of progress and alook into the future. That time bas come for the electron-beam parametric amplifier—the Zenith "EBPA." As alow-noise amplifier, its noise performance is in the 1db range, with gain up to 45 db. Its utility and value have been proved in field tests of many systems. Every design engineer who is working toward performance ultimates in radar, radio-telemetry, satellite and deep-space-probe tracking and ranging, radio-astronomy, radio-navigation, and phase- and frequency-modulation communication systems should know these facts.

THIS IS WHAT THE EBPA DOES, how died watts peak power. Radio-Astronomy. The EBPA has found its it has proved itself, and what we believe e Fast recovery time (30 nanoseconds). way into a number of big dishes used in it can do— radio-astronomy. It is usually installed as SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS close to the feed as possible to cut transmis- CAPSULE DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION System Protection. The EBPA tube not only sion losses. It has been used for hydrogen- The EBPA system consists of aquadrupole- withstands large amounts of incident over- line work at 1420 Mc, and to amplify radar amplifier tube operating in amagnetic field, load power but also reflects most of it. In returns from the planet Venus at approxi- an RF pump generator, and apower supply. radars, this characteristic means that TR mately 400 Mc. The high phase stability and Within the tube, the signal is coupled onto tubes can be eliminated. In addition, the large bandwidth have proved particularly an electron beam and amplified by the action EBPA protects mixer crystals from "spikes," useful in interferometer applications. of the quadrupole structure, using energy and eliminates need for harmonic filters and Radio-Navigation System. When installed from the RF pump generator. The power shutters; also, down time and maintenance in aTacan ground station receiver, the EBPA supply furnishes voltages for the tube elec- are reduced. improved MDS by 4.5 db. trodes, solenoid, and RF pump generator. Ease of Installation. EBPA systems have Radio Direction-Finder. When installed in been installed in minutes and have operated a Rawin set, the EBPA improved MDS by PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS immediately. Once installed, they are very 15.0 db. stable and operate for long periods without P-M and F-M Systems. In phase-lock receiv- Noise Figures Obtainable: From 0.6 to 1.5 adjustment. ing systems, it is feasible to use synchronous db, as measured with broadband noise source. Reliability. Life expectancy of the EBPA pumping with adegenerate EBPA, resulting No cryogenic apparatus is required. Single- tube its of the order of 10,000 hours. in an effective noise figure of about 1 db. channel noise figure depends on antenna and Adaptability to Systems. The EBPA is nor- Applications are space-probe tracking, scatter application—typically, 2.5 db. Mixer noise is mally installed as a simple insertion unit in communication, and in general, all systems negligible because of high gain. the system front end and does not entail radi- using only phase or frequency modulation. Range of Center Frequencies: 350 to 1800 cal alteration of existing designs. Mc (tubes of higher frequency are in devel- COMING SOON opment ). APPLICATIONS Phase Stability: Better than 1°. • EBPA tubes for operation at C-band. Radar: Search Type. In tests conducted on Amplitude Stability: ±-0.05 db has been • Tunable EBPA tubes: single-knob tuning measured. eight such radars, MDS improvements of 4 to 10 db were attained. will cover range of over 100 Mc. Gain: Usually operated at 25 db; gain up to • A metal-ceramic tube for operation from 45 db has been obtained. Radar: Phased-Arrays. The unusual phase and amplitude stability of the EBPA makes 400 Mc to about 1500 Mc; features are ex- Bandwidth: Up to 10 per cent of operating ternal tuning, lower cost, and greater resist- frequency. it a natural candidate for application as a preamplifier in phased-arrays. Power supply ance to adverse environment. OPERATING FEATURES and RF pump are common to all units in • More compact power supply. such an installation to insure maximum uni- • Non-degenerate EBPA tubes. The EBPA not only provides low-noise per- formity. An experimental installation of this formance, but also offers characteristics un- kind, involving 16 EBPA units, was recently attainable with other low-noise systems, such delivered. (Data on this installation will be If you wish more infor- as: available soon.) mation, send for booklet • Unconditional stability with respect to Tracking System. A set of three EBPA units The Electron-Beam input and output terminations without the has been completed for use in a tracking Parametric Amplifier, use of acirculator. system. A common power supply and com- Operation and Appli- • High gain, with complete freedom from mon RF pump were provided. Maximum cations. Please address regenerative effects. noise figure of the equipment as shipped is requests and any ques- • Relatively large bandwidth independent 1.2 db. Lab tests indicate the equipment will tions or comments to the of gain; no tuning required. meet the differential phase stability require- Special Products Divi- • Freedom from burnout; insensitivity to ments for monopulse applications. (Data on sion, Dept. E-10, Zenith Radio Corporation- overload—several watts average, several hun- this installation will be available soon.) 6001 W. Dickens Ave.; Chicago 39, Illinois.

Zenith Radio Corporation Wincharger Corporation Creative research and development Central Electronics, Incorporated in space age electronics Zenith Radio Research F1NITH Corporation The Rauland Corporation

40 CIRCLE 40 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 41 ON READER SERVICE CARD » PRODUCTS OF ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY...

FAST FIRING—FAST RECOVERY SILICON CON

INTERNATIONAL

RECTIFIER rsatile. contempoi an/ C rcu ry tg y efficient in operation... SILICON dramatically smaller in size.

THE TABLE BELOW lists the devices now in CONTROLLED full production at International Rectifier that feature:

RECTIFIERS -Low Gate Currents that Control High Load Currents 3, 5, 10 AND 16 AMPERE: 'TYPES •Fast Switching Speeds RATED TO 400 yours. eptv't .Low Forward Voltage Drop

•Low Forward and Reverse Leakage

Max. Gate Power, Max. Iraq Max. Average Watts Forward Forward Voltage Type Rep. No. PRV, Current Drop @ Rate Volts @ 25°C, Peak I EV Current, VOL Amps

3AMPERE RATED SERIES — 8 TYPES — TEMP RANGE: — 30•C to +105 -c

3RC2 25 thru thru 3 0.5 1.25 3RC40 400 5 5AMPERE RATED SERIES — 8TYPES — TEMP. RANGE: — 3tec to +ton.

5RC2 thru 5 0.5 1.0 5RC40

10 AMPERE RATED SERIES — 8 TYPES — TEMP. RANGE: —30*C to +100°

10BC2 25 Hotu thru 0.5 I 1.25 lORC40 400

16 AMPERE RATED SERIES — 8TYPES — TEMP. RANGE: —30*C to +125*

16RC2 25 thru thru 16 I 5 05 0:36 16RC40 400

for detailed data on all types, request Bull tins SR-350 thru 354.

Circle Header Card Numb•r_.

Beyond the advanced design opportunities they present, International Rectifier and rigid military quality control programs including the U.S. Army Signal Silicon Controlled Rectifiers possess significant technical advantages: Corps RIOAP plan, a distinguishing mark of quality assurance awarded to ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS representative of the highest state of the International Rectifier for six consecutive years. As a source of supply, art. MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS that provide rugged packages in International Rectifier extends these benefits: APPLICATION ASSISTANCE configurations that have become industry standards...directly inter- without delay from three strategically located engineering groups. DELIVERY changeable with other makes. RELIABILITY that stems from two and a from stock on most types.. from the factory or from 65 industrial distributors, half years of continuous refinement of production techniques, test procedures PRICE AND DELIVERY attractively competitive on both counts...TRY US!

WRITE FOR DETAILS ON HOW YOU MAY OBTAIN SAMPLE SCR's AT NO COST ON THE NEW IR COOPERATIVE SAMPLING PROGRAM!

INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER CORPORATION: EL SEGUNDO, CALIF. • PHONE OREGON 8-6281 • CABLE RECTUSA

REGIONAL OFFICES IN NEW YORK CITY, CHICKERING 4-0748 • FORT LEE, NEW JERSEY, WINDSOR 7-3311 • SYRACUSE, NEW YORK. HEMPSTEAD 7-8495 • CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, UNIVERSITY 4-6520 • ARDMORE, PENNSYLVANIA, MIDWAY 9-1428 • SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND, JUNIPER 9-3308 • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, JUNIPER 3-3085 • INTERNATIONAL BERKLEY, MICHIGAN, LINCOLN 8-1144 • LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. OREGON 8.6281 • IN CANADA: TORONTO, ONTARIO, PLAZA 9.2291

IMMEDIATE OFF-THE-SHELF DELIVERY FROM ej Ita INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTORS THROUGHOUT THE U.S. STAIII01. OF QUALITY IN stutOONOupylMit RECTIFIER

SILICON ZENER DIODES —1863 TYPES RICH VOLTAGE RECTIFIERS-157 TYPES SILICON POWER RECTIFIERS-187 TYPES SWININIATuRE GLASS [HODES —48 TYPES RatIngs. 250mw to 10w 2.6 to 30 Volts Ratings: to 44Orna to 16,000 PRO Ratings: to 250 amps to 600 PRV RatIngs. to 200ma to 380 PRV

Foui of tho Twenty Product linos thgl Ctunpriso Almost all global strategists are enthused about systems using Sperry electronic tubes 9[11P ELECTRONIC

TUBE

DIVISION

SPERRY RAND CORPORATION GAINESVILLE, FLA. GREAT NECK, N. Y. THIS IS A THIS IS A THIS IS PRECISION PRODUCT .. . PRECISION PROCESS .. . PRECISION VOLTAGE CONTROL BY G.E. Thousands of minute potential transistors regulators can be used to hold fluctu- or diodes undergo diffusion simultane- ating voltage to precise limits or. in INDUCTROL REGULATOR FEATURES ously in this high-temperature electric other instances, to provide a variable • Reliable design and operation furnace at the Fairchild Semiconductor voltage output from a relatively constant • Automatic 1% control accuracy diode plant in San Rafael. California. supply. • Stepless, drift-free controls It's a precision process that demands These advanced General Electric volt- • 100% overload capacity up to one hour precision voltage control. That's why • 97 to over 99% efficiency Fairchild engineers specified General age regulators are available in three basic types—automatic, motor-driven, and • Load, power-factor and frequency compen- Electric Inductrol® voltage regulators sated hand-operated—and a wide range of for this and a number of other exacting • 25 X normal short-circuit capabilities ratings to meet your exact needs. Ask manufacturing and testing operations. • No harmful waveform distortion your G-E Sales Engineer for full infor- • Rugged, compact design Inductrol regulators may also be the mation. Or write for Bulletin GEC-1450 ideal solution to your critical voltage to General Electric Company, Section problem. Operating on the inherently 457-06, Schenectady 5, N. Y. Voltage Rogress k Ovr Most /mportant 74yeduct simple, inherently reliable, induction Regulator Products Section, Pittsfield, voltage regulation principle, Inductrol Mass. GENERAL 3 ELECTRIC

-4— CIRCLE 43 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 44 ON READER SERVICE CARD AND 67 SIZES IN BETWEEN to meet your printed circuit specs...exactly

Continental's line of PC connectors include nearly seventy New PC connector designs are constantly under develop- sizes and types. Name your requirement—and the chances ment. Our Engineering Department will be pleased to assist are Continental has a standard production type that meets you in solving special connector problems. Simply call or it exactly. write, stating your requirements. These service-proven connectors are available with up to 210 DESIGNERS' DATA FILE contacts, for 1/32, 3/64, 3/32, 1/16 and 1/8" PC boards, in If you're designing around printed circuits you'll want both single- and double-row construction. Wiring styles to have Continental's Con•Dex File PC, compiled to help you select and specify the PC connectors best include eyelet lug, wire wrap lug, taper tab and contacts suited to your needs. For your copy, please write to: for dip soldering. Continental's patented Bellowform con- Electronic Sales Division, DeJur-Amsco Corporation, tacts permit use of undersized or oversized boards while Northern Boulevard at 45th St., Long Island City 1, New York (Exclusive Sales Agent) RAvenswood 1-8000. maintaining low contact resistance.

MICRO-MINIATURE •SUB-MINIATURE •MINIATURE •PRINTED CIRCUIT •RIGHT ANGLE PIN & SOCKET • CENTER SCREWLOCK CONTI NENTAL

CONNECTORCONNECTORS CORPORATION • WOODSIDE 77, NEW YORK CONTINENTAL

CIRCLE 45 ON READER SERVICE CARD 45 October 6 1961 fine tubing in columbium and tantalum

You can now get fine, seamless tubing in columbium and tantalum from UNIFORM TUBES and profit from UNIFORM'S standard policies of (1) top quality, (2) close tolerances, (3) fast delivery and (4) low prices. Drawn to your specifications with tolerances of + 0.0005" or better, columbium and tantalum tubing is available with any specified O.D. from 0.010" to 0.500". Wall thicknesses range from 0.065" to 0.001" with equally close tolerances. Although drawn specially to • HERE IS A STRAIGHTFORWARD approach to the your order, columbium and tanta- problem of preventing electrons from returning to the lum tubing will normally be screen region of atransmitting tube. When channeled into shipped within 2 to 3 weeks. beams like those above, electrons reach the anode, where This tubing is offered in random they do their useful work. Penta's exclusive, patented vane- straight lengths to 20' or cut to specific lengths, free of burrs. For type suppressor grid does the trick. subsequent ease of fabrication, tube lengths are fully annealed in • THE CHARACTERISTICS of Penta tubes employing vacuum furnaces. If you prefer, this electrode geometry approach those of the theoretically UNIFORM will fabricate columbium perfect beam tube. Plate current is practically independent and tantalum tubular parts for you of plate voltage. Kinks and wiggles are absent. Plate voltage with the same skills and care that enable us to draw the original tub- can swing well below screen voltage without appreciable ing to such close tolerances. Be- loss of current. sides placing full responsibility with one supplier, you get the ad- • THE RESULT IS OUTSTANDING LINEARITY, vantages of UNIFORM'S low prices efficiency, stability. Penta's PL-172, for example, delivers when tubular parts are fabricated "at the mill." 1000 watts of Class AB i useful output at only 2000 plate If you use or specify columbium volts...more than 1500 watts at maximum Class A13 1 rat- or tantalum for their high-temper- ings. Introduced in 1955, Penta tubes with vane-type sup- ature strengths, corrosion resis- pressor grids are in important equipment the world over, and tances to hot acids, molten metals their use in high-quality linear amplifiers is growing daily. and metallic salts, or for their other outstanding properties, then write • YOU TOO CAN ENJOY the advantages of this years- today for details on fine seamless ahead design by specifying the PL-177A, PL-175A or tubing and fabricated parts of these rare metals. PL-172 for 100-watt to 1.5 kilowatt power output applications. Detailed, factual data sheets are available for the asking. Ask also for your copy of "Transmitting Tubes for Linear Amplifier Service which explains how and why this exclusive Penta design provides outstanding performance. UNIFORM TUBES,

PENTA LABORATORIES, INC. INC. COLLEGEVILLE 2, PA. 312 North Nopal Street, Santa Barbara, Calif. Trade Mark Reg, U. S. Pot. Off. HUxley 9-7276 TWX-CGVL 1044 See us in Booth 663 at the National Electronics Conference CIRCLE 200 ON READER SERVICE CARD 46 CIRCLE 46 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics THE ONLY SIMPLE FORMULA FOR •-•

PST I9342U .,,leti,t4yetismfoitimniirrl+tIrrrinlirrreetimrsi2 44

mill'', 11 ti it i lit, Itleitirilsiteohjiliniolltioloà,,fil

ulutliflilh 1-1COMPLETE I, 1I, Iit INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTS

ENTIRE FREQUENCY LOW FREQUENCY' Model NF-105 HIGH FREQUENCY' Model NF-112 RANGE

14 KC-1000 MC 1000-10,000 MC 14 KC-10 KMC

Through years of hard field use Model NF-105 has acquired an outstanding reputation as a noise and field intensity meter for the frequency range from 150 kilocycles to 1000 megacycles. The versatility of this instrument has now been expanded through the introduction of a new tuning unit extending its coverage down to 14 kilocycles. What is more, this unique measuring equipment has been joined by Model NF-112 which covers the frequency range from 1000 to 10,000 megacycles. The same simplicity, accuracy and speed of operation and reliability of performance which made Model NF-105 so successful have been designed into Model NF-112. Each instrument uses an impulse generator as its calibrator; each combines in one basic unit the components common to all frequency ranges, including the power supply, calibrator, attenuators and metering circuits. All frequency determining components and circuits are contained in plug-in tuning units. Model NF-112, incidentally, uses one single antenna for the entire range from 1000 to 10,000 megacycles. You save considerably in SIZE, WEIGHT and COST by letting these two instruments do your entire interference measuring job from 14 KC all the way up to 10,000 MC.

For complete technical information, Plan to attend our next seminar on interference send for Catalog 614. instrumentation. Details upon request. EMPIRE DEVICES, Inc. AMSTERDAM, NEW YORK • VICTOR 2-8400

MANUFACTURERS OF: FIELD INTENSITY METERS •DISTORTION ANALYZERS •IMPULSE GENERATORS •COAXIAL ATTENUATORS •CRYSTAL MIXERS

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 47 ON READER SERVICE CARD 47 New Breakthroughs in Reliability

Vibration and Shock Control for any Environment

Aboard the latest nuclear powered Polaris Submarines, Robinson MET-L-FLEX mounting systems safeguard performance and long-term reliability of inertial guidance and single sideband communications equipment —plus critical components in the Polaris missiles themselves. Robinson low-frequency shipboard mounting systems combine both vibration and shock protection—a new design breakthrough now available for the underwater and surface fleets of the U. S. Navy.

Nearly every aircraft and missile delivered to the Air Force since 1950 carries MET-L-FLEX mounting systems designed and produced by Robinson.

In the X-15 aero-space research vehicle, for example, MET-L-FLEX mounts MET-L-FLEX cushions, fabricated protect 24 vital electronic and electro -mechanical equipment units. Robinson from stainless steel wire, has also pioneered in the development of high performance, high temperature will not deteriorate! resistant all-metal mounting systems for jet and rocket engine installations.

GREATER RELIABILITY IN THE SPACE AGE THROUGH ENVIRON- ROBINSOW7reliMMI MENTALCONTROL BY ROBINSON ROBINSON72cieucaÊ Aedizeei. c.,32e TETERBORO, NEW JERSEY WEST COAST ENGINEERING OFFICE: SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA

DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF VIBRATION CONTROL SYSTEMS

48 CIRCLE 48 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Creative minds

thrive best

where the climate

is best

thermodynamics; dynamics; electronic research, servosys- Lockheed-California Company proves this every day. For nowhere do Scientists and Engineers find a more creative, tems; electronic systems; physics (theoretical, infrared, plas- more stimulating, more academic climate. ma, high energy, solid state, optics); hydrodynamics; ocean In this environment Scientists and Engineers are encouraged systems; structural design (wing, empennage, fuselage). to try the untried; to express new ideas; to experiment and Write today to Mr. E. W. Des Lauriers, Manager Professional explore. And in so doing, win recognition and reward. Placement Staff, Dept. 1510, 2408 N. Hollywood Way, Bur- Small wonder Lockheed's future in Spacecraft and Aircraft bank, California. All qualified applicants will receive con- is brighter than ever before! sideration for employment without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin. U.S. citizenship or existing Depart- Scientists and Engineers of initiative and talent will find it worthwhile to examine immediate openings in: Aerodynamics; ment of Defense industrial security clearance required.

LOCKHEEEVICALIFORNIA CO. inaMIP 1.1Mml•

A DIVISION OF LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATIO,'I

/ October 6, 196 1 Painting in background: "The Piping Shepherd," by Sir Joshua Reynolds, P. R. A. (1723-1792)

50 electronics New cost savings for users of dielectric materials

... aprogress report on the MYCALEX METHOD from Jerome Taishoff, President, Mycalex Corporation of America

"I don't have to tell you about the profit squeeze. It's Savings plus quality with the MYCALEX METHOD a hard fact-of-life throughout our industry today. Though these intricate parts now cost much less to That's why we feel the MYCALEX METHOD—the make—they offer the temperature endurance, total unique molding and finishing technique we recently dimensional stability, high dielectric strength and developed—offers so much promise. low loss that SUPRAMICA and MYCALEX formula- tions have been delivering for years. Sample quotations point to cost savings up to 84%

"The many months spent in the developing of this Choose from any of these famous materials new process enable us to turn out better-performing products for less: savings we, in line with our policy, SUPRAMICA 620 "BB", 560 and 555 ceramoplastics will pass along directly to our customers. And those and MYCALEX 410 glass-bonded mica. Maximum savings promise to be substantial! Note the typical Temperature Endurance (unstressed): 1200, 930, parts shown in the photograph below, as well as the 650 and 650°F; Loss Factor (10 6 cycles/sec. ): 0.020, two mechanical diagrams. As you can see, this new 0.010, 0.013, 0.010; Compressive Strength (psi): production technique reveals cost reductions of 78% 30,000, 25,000, 40,000 and 40,000, respectively. and 84%, respectively, when compared to previous So for electronic insulation materials with the high- cost quotations." Just as important, the savings are in performance properties you must have—at aprofit- addition to the high reliability SUPRAMICA cera- protecting price — look into the new MYCALEX METHOD. Send your blueprints and drawings for moplastics and MYCALEX° glass-bonded micas are noted for. specific quotations and information.

78% LOWER IN PRICE

—

.318 D.

84% LOWER IN PRICE .062 1 r _ .453

.225

-.125 DIA.

We are exhibiting at the N.E.C. Show Booth 346-348 • Oct. 9-11 •Chicago, Ill.

General Offices and Plant: 120 Clifton Boulevard, Clifton, N. J. Executive Offices: 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y.

World's largest inenefeettliet of eerentoplastics, giass-bonded mica sad synthetic mica products

CIRCLE 51 ON READER SERVICE CARD 51 October 6, 1961 This is TEI flNIC

A Sweep/Signal Generator ft)r Audio to 3000 MC

As a major designer and manufacturer of RF instru- or production operations. Now, with one instrument and ments and components, Telonic once again leads the several, interchangeable plug-in oscillators, an engineer field with the introduction of the SNI -2000 Sweep and can cover a frequency range from audio to 3000 inc. CW Signal Generator. New from every standpoint, the SN1-2000 provides unmatched versatility for laboratory Telonic has designed 19 different oscillator heads for specific and general purposes that enable the user to change range of the SN1-2000 . in a matter of seconds. For general applications, only two plug-in units are necessary to cover frequencies from .5 to 2000 And, in addition, the operator may select four different functional modes with the SNI -2000—swept RF, modulated swept RF, CW, and modulated CM% He can set attenuation from 0 to 60 db in Idb steps with the two built-in attenuators. He also has provisions in the in- stnunent for use of an external marker, or for adding up to eight fixed, plug-in markers if desired. All these features are combined with the fine basic performance that has made the naine Telonic synonymous with the best in HF instrumentation—low VSWR, high display linearity and excellent workmanship. If you would like more complete details on this new sweep generator please write for Technical Bulletin T-233. Industries, Inc. BEECH GROVE INDIANA-PHONE STATE 7-7241

52 CIRCLE 52 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics e(P-elatft5 NEW ELECTRICAL LINK FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL

New Veeder-Root high speed digital readout counter meets new needs in automation and system design. it's precision engineered to record, display and electrically transmit accumulated digital levels. More than that, it's afresh approach to awidening range of automation needs ... an ingenious electrical link for digital indication, data recording, storage and transmission, automatic sequencing, predetermining control. See what this versatile unit can do for your equipment or designs. Write Electrical Section, Veeder-Root Inc., Hartford 2, Connecticut. count on ... VEEDER-ROOT Visit Booth (No. 3617-3619) at the Wescon Show Series 1744 High-Speed Digital Readout San Francisco Cow Palace Counter saves time and labor by elimi- August 22-25 nating manual counting and recording of production. It counts twice as fast, resets ten times as fast as previous units. a

94 1:.)00 1?

• •

CIRCLE 53 ON READER SERVICE CARD 53 October 6, 1961 PUT

LJ t-.-

El; Ï1iAÍL P &RR VIIIT ) IN YOUR DIODES DESIGNS HIGH CONDUCTANCE, NSEC SWITCHING, LOW LEAKAGE CURRENT

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS AT 25°C

Breakdown Voltage at IR = 5 .4.a By 75 volts min. Forward Voltage at 4=50 ma V, 1volt max.

Reverse Current at VR = —50 volts .05 p.a max. Reverse Current (150°C) at VR=-50 volts 50 [la max. Reverse Recovery Time, 4=- 10 ma, I,=10 ma t„ 4 nsec. max. Reverse Recovery Time, l,= 10 ma, Vr.= —6 v, RL=100Q 2 nsec. max. Capacitance at VR =0 volts C. 2 pf max.

FOR FAST DELIVERY OF PEP DIODES AT FACTORY- LOW PRICES CALL YOUR G-E SEMICONDUCTOR DISTRIBUTOR

54 electronics Fused hemisphere front contact provides unusually good mechanical protection against shock and vibration. There are no loose parts to cause intermittent operation.

General Electric's new PEP silicon diodes bring you aunique design combination that can add important assurances of performance and reliability in your high speed switching circuits. Gaseous planar diffused junction means high breakdown voltage with low capacitance. Thin epitaxial layer on low resistivity substrate gives negligible body drop and increased uniformity from diode to diode. Surface passivation is applied before the junction is formed for maximum protection against contamination. In addition to ultra-fast switching speed, your designs benefit from a5-to-1 improvement in conductance over presently available units. All General Electric diodes are aged at 200°C for aminimum of 60 hours. A life test of 1000 hours (50 volt reverse bias at 150°C) is made on asample from each lot before lot shipment is allowed. This is amore severe test than the usual high temperature storage test without applied voltage. Other restrictive tests performed on asample from each lot are: oven storage, temperature cycling, room temperature storage, moisture resistance, solderability and lead fatigue. Criteria for lot acceptability are: stability of forward voltage, breakdown voltage and reverse current. Put PEP in your designs with General Electric High Speed Diodes. For complete technical information call your Semiconductor Products District Sales Manager, or write Semiconductor Products Department, Section 25J109, General Electric Company, Electronics Park, Syracuse, New York. In Canada: Canadian General Electric, 189 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ont. Export: International General Electric, 150 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N. Y.

JOU 100 TYPICAL FORWARD VOLTAGE • TYPICAL REVERSE CURRENT TYPICAL REVERSE CURRENT CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTERISTIC 25 •C) VS.TEMPERATURE SIGNAL DIODE TYPE S0150 SIGNAL DIODE TYPE SD 150 SIGNAL DIODE TYPE SD 150

100 000 00

10 000 VR' -5 Vdc 10

I50°C 25 -55 °C I.00 100 ------

.0 .1 10 aflflflfl

-.0 JO .2 .4 .6 .8 1111 • 20 4. 60 75 VF- VOLTS REVERSE VOLTAGE —Vdc TA -°C

IGENERAL ELECTRIC

CIRCLE 55 ON READER SERVICE CARD 55 October 6, 1961 sthe proper mix

Unmanned Satellites? opportunities for systems analysts

Hughes Aerospace Engineering Division has openings for Systems Analysts to consider and analyze awide spectrum of basic problems such as:

What are the requirements for manned space flight?

Justify choice of systems considering trade-off of choice in terms of cost effectiveness.

Automatic target recognition requirements for high speed strike reconnaissance systems or unmanned satellites.

IR systems requirements for ballistic missile defense.

Optimum signal processing techniques for inter-planetary telecommunications.

Analysis of weapon systems from conception through development, test and customer use.

Design concepts for new airborne weapon systems.

The positions involved with the solution of these basic and critical questions present opportunities for the optimum application of the technical and analytical backgrounds of graduate physicists and engineers with both systems and specialized experience.

If you are interested in helping to solve these questions and are agraduate physicist or engineer with a minimum of three years experience in weapon systems analysis, operations analysis, IR, physics of space, signal processing or communication theory, we invite your inquiry. For immediate consideration, please airmail your resume to: Mr. Robert A. Martin, Supervisor, Scientific Employment, Hughes Aerospace Engineering Division, Culver City 13, California. An equal opportunity employer.

We promise you areply within one week

HUGHES

HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY AEROSPACE DIVISIONS PULSE POINTERS

Precision E-P double pulse generator provides separate or mixed output • • • le lip • • -iee _ w e e • • r. • 4I> • e a

I4 • t • • • - Features fast rise • 4F 4 -. e" • é time and calibrated • • # ; controls 2320A One of the most flexible units in the broad Electro-Pulse instrument line, the precision double pulse generator E-P Time Delay and provides an excellent general-purpose instrument combining high versatility Gate Generators and high accuracy. A multiplicity of output signals (both Generate trigger-type outputs at accu- separate and mixed), high power, accurately controllable delays from external racy to 0.5%, fast 0.02 »sec rise time, triggers or from an internally gener- and rep rate to 100 kc make the instru- ated sync pulse. E-P gate pulse and ment applicable to a broad range of linear triangle outputs are also avail- pulse simulation and control problems. able, with precise control of duration. Integral accurate calibrated controls make it easy to set up reliable output parameters on the instrument itself, For special applications, the modular block units may be interconnected, as rather than relying on calibration and required, by front panel patching or monitoring equipment. Add traditional Electro-Pulse modular flexibility .. . special plug-in signal cables to give a and you realize impressive savings both broad variety of configurations. in time and dollars. Where extensive modifications are called for, the instrument can be fur- A standard of comparison for pulse 2210A nished in fully equivalent modular generating equipment, the instrument plug-in form, allowing even greater is particularly adaptable to pro- flexibility in tailoring to custom appli- grammed operation in conjunction with cations. Servo Corporation of America semi-automatic checkout systems. 111 New South Road The precision pulse generator has One of 33 cataloged instruments in Hicksville, L. I., N. Y. been specified as standard ground sup- the broad Electro -Pulse line (which Gentlemen: port and test equipment for major digi- includes as many as 200 standard pulse tal computers and as part of aircraft and digital circuit modules—both tube D Please send detailed catalog. weapons systems. and transistor types), the E-P preci- O Please contact me for demonstration. sion pulse generator couples advanced El Please send me a free SERVO slide rule. Other applications include: telemetry pulse techniques and circuitry with development, radar echo simulation, traditional Servo Corp. instrument RF and microwave modulation, and a quality and reliability. (name) broad range of transient test and general pulse circuitry applications. Fill in coupon for details. (title)

(organization) u-_f- (address) (city, zone, state) A few of the mixed output possibilities: 0.5 .as wide; 25 y pulses; 93 ohm load.

Electro -Pulse Products SERVO CORPORATION OF AMERICA 111 New South Road • Hicksville, L. I. N.Y. •VVEIIs 8-9700 Sales ct service offices coast-to-coast • Representatives in major cities

single pulse generators •double pulse generators •word generators •pulse train and pulse code generators •time delay and gate generators •currentgenerators and core teeters • modulas

CIRCLE 57 ON READER SERVICE CARD 57 October 6, 1961 SO WHAT'S AWEE LINE? Wrapped up in asticky TEFLON tape problem?

Joclin's 16 basic types of Fluorolin® pressure-sensitive Teflon tapes are the. broadest line available. When you need anon-stick surface with chemical resistance, rated at 1000 to 4000 v/mil, that withstands temperatures of —100° to +500°F., there's a Joclin tape ideal for your application.

For the answer, join the Wee Line Club. Free jesdeaMpterd.44e_: monthly cartoons, free membership scroll in a Send for 6pg. brochure fascinating language and technical data on the loaded with engineering data new modular delay line. Membership is limited on 16 basic Teflon tapes! to the first 81/2.million. Write to Dept. WL-8%

1.1%0JelC72, !MC. 10@f-LIOM ESSEX ELECTRONICS DIVISION SPACE-AGE PLASTICS COlony 9-8708 550 SPRINGFIELD AVENUE, BERKELEY IIEIGIITS, N. J. »GUN MFG. COMPANY, INC. •LUFBERY AVE. •WALLINGFORD, CONN. CIRCLE 201 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 202 ON READER SERVICE CARD

TEMPLATE MIL STD 15-A eleilliMMIMMIMI"MO. 706-C.b TER JET pf I

5 'o 20-M e o 50-43 _r_.=ECT-c'f<]-/VVV, EN AIN

°"' ',=5 t -e= f

0 0 111À C-3

SLIMMERS & MILLS. INC. "e LEI MIL-STO-15A DALLAS TEXAS ELECTRICAL urn ELECTRCEIM STIANX3 rem«. ••• Reettke•il IN 3/4

PI 0111,« 440-41A OE 6S NO. 314 — — .200 GRID

NO. 315 — 83/4" x5" — .250 GRID

$4.00 AT YOUR LOCAL DEALER MODEL 705 Cot,TEST SET M'easure semiconductor capacitance parameters Two of the more than 100 Rapidesign Templates—all of with this accurate, economical instrument. Other which are better made and instruments available for production test of more useful and lesser priced. capacitance and gain parameters. CATALOGUE NO. 60 AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST

SUMMERS AND MILLS, INC. 4 - - 7- RiE/DE/ 7576 INC. Ct/STON •LNCTIONIC INSTE PUANTS AND ST ..... P.O. BOX 429, BURBANK, CALIFORNIA 1V1 1311 LEVEE ST. DALLAS 7. TEXAS PHONE al 1.4146

58 CIRCLE 58 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 203 ON READER SERVICE CARD tat ELECTRONICS 17 reasons why you get highest reliability with G-E Five-Star tubes

In industrial and communication equipment—critical sockets where there can be no compromise with electronic tube performance—you can depend on the proven reliability of G-E Five-Star tubes. Let these 17 features of a typical Five-Star tube tell you why:

0 Stem design minimizes welds—fewer points of possible failure— less chance of short-causing particles from weld splash.

Passive cathode alloys assure reliability and long life in O low-duty cycle circuits where interface tends to develop. O Pins are annealed to prevent glass strain at socket insertion. O Short, sturdy cages increase rigidity of tube structure. O Two mica spacers, with additional anti-leakage slots, brace internal parts, provide superior inter-element insulation and improve vibration characteristics. 12 or 16 contact points give firmer fit between bulb and mount. 0 Highly efficient getter performs throughout tube life and guides flash to avoid inter-element leakage. O A getter flash shield improves initial leakage characteristics. O U-bolt construction through top and bottom micas firmly secures the cage assembly. Folded heater design proved most reliable under shock, vibration O and heater cycling conditions. Heater is temperature controlled to further improve reliability and lengthen life. e Cataphoretic coating of all heater bends after forming insures complete heater-cathode insulation. Smooth grid legs prevent a "sawing" action on the mica, reducing grid vibration and microphonic noise. Critical grids are plated with gold or silver to minimize grid emission. Lead glass stems help ward off glass electrolysis. 0 Controlled inside diameter on bulbs improves vibration and microphonics. o 0 Low thermo-conductivity cathode tab prevents terminal heat loss. 0 Outside diameter and density of cathode coating is statistically controlled. 0 Plate ears are embossed for added strength and improved mica fit. o G-E Five-Stars are not tubes selected from standard receiving types. Their high reliability is a result of these special design features, special manufacturing processes, special tests, and stabilizing periods which may even exceed 200 hours of full-voltage operation. Order G-E Five-Star tubes from your General Electric tube distributor. He has them in stock. General Electric Company, Distrib- utor Sales, Room 7150A, Owensboro, Kentucky.

Progress /s Our Most Important Product GENERAL ELECTRIC

CIRCLE 59 ON READER SERVICE CARD nM Lk 1 for BUSS and MUNN FUSES

ALL TYPES TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS

BUSS and FUSETRON Get full data for your files, write for BUSS FUSES: One source bulletin; Form SFB—it gives a comprehensive picture for all your of the complete line of fuses and fuse mountings of fuse needs. unquestioned high quality.

BUSSMANN MFG. DIVISION, McGraw-Edison Co., UNIVERSITY AT JEFFERSON, ST. LOUIS 7, MO.

60 CIRCLE 60 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics electronics oOctober 6, 1961

Optical communications session at

N EC

will include paper sum- marizing developments by Gordon Jacobs, shown here with experimental transmitting equipment; c-w light modulator operates at 200 Mc

BIONICS ON PROGRAM AT Midwest's NE

CRITICAL look at Midwest Elec- talent to leave home to find more Bionics, optical com- tronics—its development, its pro- challenging and rewarding jobs. munications and a gress and especially its future— At the Monday afternoon engi- will be the theme of the three-day neering management session, re- panel on synnoetics National Electronics Conference ports will be made of a year-long study of R&D status in the Mid- are afew of the areas opening in Chicago's International Amphitheatre on Monday, October west launched by IRE, sponsored to be covered at the 9. by NEC and supported by contri- The region has been buzzing for butions from more than 25 Chicago 17th annual National past year over the controversial electronics companies, and on "Relative Activity of (all types) Electronics Confer- charge of Frederick Terman of Stanford at the 1960 NEC. He Research in the Midwest." "New ence. had stated that Midwestern em- Products and Diversification" will phasis on relatively slow-growing be discussed by research and industry panelists Monday evening, and By CLETUS M. WILEY, consumer electronics causes top native engineering and scientific Wednesday afternoon a panel dis- Midwestern Editor 61 October 6, 1961 greater than that of individual components. Duplicate morning and afternoon workshop sessions covering structure and programming of digital computers, operational components and problem setup of analog computers, as well as detailed examples of problem solving on both should permit most of the 12,000 delegates to attend workshops in special Amphi- theatre area without missing conference papers. Several commercial computer systems will be demonstrated continuously throughout exhibit hours. Lloyd Berkner, IRE president, will discuss "Electronics, Nerve System of Industry" at the Monday Luncheon. On Tuesday, Brig. Gen. David P. Gibbs will comment on "NORAD Communications and Electronics," and Robert W. Galy- ing, president, Motorola, will speak on "Electronics Unlimited" at the final Wednesday luncheon. Nearly 1,000 high school science leaders and their teacher guests will have a series of lectures, dis- cussions and exhibit tours arranged to encourage youthful interest in science and engineering. Delegates will be offered afternoon guided tours of Argonne, Cook Research Electronic cochlea developed at RCA in step toward speech-controlled equipment duplicates characteristics of biological systems

cussion will be held on "Re-evaluating Electronics Research and De- OPTICAL SEMIPERMANENT ILLUMINATOR OPTICAL STORAGE velopment in the Chicago Area." DRUM Not only will Dr. Terman be returning for this session, but the participants will include Admiral N.. N. Rawson Bennett, former chief of ------• Naval Research, survey's director j and Northwestern professor Al- RADIAL DEFLECTION

bert Rubenstein and other Chicago AXIAL DEFLECTION electronics leaders like Daniel VARIABLE Noble, executive vice president, GATE le Motorola. SCREEN I CAM -OPERATED Computers will get extensive TIMING SWITCH coverage with conference-long workshops focused on everyday VARIABLE needs of engineers (including ele- GATE la A Z- AXIS CONTROL SCREEN 2 mentary engineering mathematics) A Monday morning panel will cover TRIPLE SCREEN "Synnoetics"—a new philosophy

embracing composite systems of CRT FLYING uklABLE SPOT persons, mechanisms, plant or GATE SCANNER SCREEN 3 animal organisms and automata- sharing ability to invent, create or FIG. 1—Three-dimensional display system at left was made by Chrysler reason using total "mental power" Missile Division to verify concept. In proposed system at right light is

62 electronics and Armour Research Foundation on Monday, Tuesday and Wednes- day as part of the program, which includes more than 80 technical papers arranged in 20 sessions. Optical communications is expected to be one of the best at- tended technical sessions at the NEC. Invited papers from four authorities will be featured, according to Clarence Novy, Motorola chairman. The state of the art in optical communications will be summar- ized by Gordon Jacobs of GE. He will show how 350 watts of primary power used in a ruby-laser burst-communications system can provide a range of 10,000 nautical miles at 400 bits per second or a mercury-arc system with 150 watts primary power could provide about 750 miles range at about 800,000 bits per second. In an experimental equipment GE used a KDP (potassium dihy- drogen phosphate) crystal to continuously modulate a light source at 200 Mc for optical communication. The cell is mounted between heavy aluminum cones that serve as both heat sinks and carriers of large charging currents. The cones are

Laboratory model of electronic three-dimensional display system was developed by Chrysler Missile Division to determine feasibility

part of a double re-entrant cavity that is resonant at 200 Mc. The light to be modulated enters and Db3!T1ZER RECORD BUFFER GATE leaves through the center of the hollow cones. The fixed iris of a conventional two-lens telescope re- DIGITIZER RECORD MAGNETIC BUFFER GATE DRUM ceiver confines the field of view to STORAGE three milliradians. The image of PERMANENT AZIMUTH FIXED DIGITIZER a distant transmitter was focused COMPAR- • .1- COUNT BUFFER ATOR INSERTION on the face of a multiplier photo- (AZ INDEX) tube in experiments exploring AXIAL feasibility of wideband ground-to- COMPEN- RECORD SATION PLAYBACK ground optical communications. AND ELECTRICAL ERASE HEADS Measurements were made of the OR RADIAL MECHANICAL COMPEN- effects of backgrounds, such as COUPLING LENS SATIoN rain, in a near-ground path. 1 _ MIRROR VA An optical range finder using a ADDITIONAL ruby laser will be described by SCREEN MIRRORS Lawrence Goldmuntz, Technical AXIAL ENTRY DISPLAY TANK SCREEN OMITTED Research Group, Inc. It is accurate DRIVE FOR (ABOuT CLARITY within 25 ft at ranges to 15,000 ft. 15PPS) A pseudo-correlation technique is _ used in which the intensity of the directed from projection oscilloscope axially into viewing space by lens range sweep on a crt is reinforced and mirror many times by the reflections of

October 6, 1961 63 plotting, airport stacking-pattern control and machine-tool control Bionics, another new session for NEC, is made up completely of invited papers. They will cover current efforts to create electronic models of the nervous system and consider whether the same type logic applies as in computers. Speech-controlled equipment using frequency discrimination, pitch extraction and masking effects used to help neural networks determine true speech invariants will be discussed by Putzrath and Martin of RCA. A model cochlea (ear laby- rinth) combines the digital and nonlinear analog functions of biological systems using a series of low-pass filters each having a suc- cessively lower cut-off frequency. Improved transistor neuron models, like those shown in Fig. 2, FIG. 2—Improved transistor neuron models by RCA include receptor will be described by E. P. Mc- type at top with integrator quench circuit which is omitted from logic Grohan of RCA. Outputs are com- type below bined from 100 or more circuits so that experiments can be repeated consistently. Improved perform- transmitted light pulses, eliminat- tary coordinating functions. ance is achieved with only small ing the effects of randomly occur- In the electronic systems, light increases in complexity. Drawing ring reflections. is directed at a screen rotating identical performances from a R. J. Collins of Bell Labs will around a vertical axis at 15 rps wide range of transistor param- discuss the Fabry-Perot inter- rendering it invisible. When a eters, the simulator overcomes the ferometer for geometric form-mode pencil beam of light is projected difficulties inherent in other neuron selection in an optical maser multi- into the display volume through models by obtaining its properties mode cavity. He will also describe which the screen sweeps, a line is statically and with minimal inter- experiments demonstrating the generated. A ribbon beam gener- action. Catastrophic failure is unique character of light emitted ates a surface. avoided should outputs inadver- by optical masers. By synchronizing light genera- tently become shorted to ground. Helium-neon will be considered tion and the relative positions of An adaptive component using by A. Javan, also of Bell Labs, as the projected beams and the screen, electroluminescent and photocon- an amplifying medium for the c-w all or part of the display can be ductive elements for the neuron optical maser using gaseous dis- repeated during each revolution to circuits and multihole magnetic de- charge for oscillations in the near form a continuous image. With vices for time-stable analog mem- infrared (about 2 x 10" cps). combinations of beam entry, curved ory elements will be described by Three-dimensional display sys- and sloping screens, simultaneous T. E. Bray of GE. More than 40 tems will be discussed in a paper forward and reverse memory read- analog multipliers and 20 analog by C. K. Auvil and C. W. Gattas of out and other techniques, many memory elements occupy 2.5 cubic the Chrysler Corporation Missile images can be shown simultane- inches. About one-half watt is con- Division. One of two basic types ously. The past history of objects sumed in processing 20 analog sig- produced the display on the front can be displayed with fixed refer- nals through multipliers to provide cover. The electronic-type display ences and identifying codes, such one analog output in a unit cur- systems in the block diagrams in as aircraft in landing patterns. rently under evaluation. The trans- Fig. 1 are a laboratory feasibility The older gel-type system uses a flux or magnetic memory element is model and a newer system proposed stylus to deposit an ink trace in wound with only 150 turns for both on the basis of greater experience. a transparent solution to form control and readout, also reducing The display systems accept com- images like that on the cover. A power and volume requirements. puter inputs and show objects, con- servo system drives the stylus in Four-layer switching diodes and cepts and phenomena dynamically three axes within the volume of the conventional diodes are the only in three axes. A wide variety of tank containing the gel. Possible active components in a compact military, industrial and commer- applications of the system include audio amplifier that will be intro- cial applications are possible, in- satellite and space-rendezvous duced by Michael J. Cudahy of cluding air-traffic control and mili- tracking antimissile and trajectory Cozzens and Cudahy during the

64 electronics solid-state session. The amplifier concept is said to produce nearly distortion-free power amplification in the frequency range from d-c to 15,000 cps or higher. One section consists of a pulse modulator using two four-layer diodes in two relaxation oscillators. One positive-going and one negative-going sawtooth is provided by the modulator to switch a bistable multivibrator in the second section to produce a symmetrical square- wave output. Audio input alters the phase relationship of the two sawtooths and therefore symmetry of the multivibrator output. By shifting the zero line of the audio signal, peak audio output can be made nearly equal to d-c input. Currently available four-layer switching diodes are rated at 20 to 200 volts with current capabilities from 50 ma to 5 amp. These make possible the matching of Pseudo-correlation technique is used to display range on crt semiconductor devices to almost of Technical Research Group, Inc. optical range finder any load from 2 to 30,000 ohms to many points in the circuit with different impedances without using an output transformer. Practical applications of the amplifier could include high-power p-a systems, transmitter modulators, servo systems, instrumentation amplifiers, vibration table exciters, sonar or high-fidelity audio amplifiers, according to Cudahy. Electron-beam parametric amplifiers will be evaluated as low noise system components by Wil- liam S. Van Slyck of Zenith. The increased sensitivity of the electron-beam parametric amplifier produced a 68 percent increase in range for TACAN when it was inserted between the preselector cavi- ties and the normal ground-receiver Long-life twt (above) input. Use of these amplifiers suitable as a micro- makes possible lower powered air- wave repeater station craft transmitters, reducing vol- amplifier and back- ume, weight and power consump- ward-wave oscillator that can be used as a tion. High sensitivity of this type swept local oscillator amplifier also produced a 560 per- will be introduced by cent increase in range of RAWIN, Raytheon the 1,700-Mc balloon-tracking system. Operating gain was improved 20-25 db in the 28-foot radiotele- scope at Cornell Aeronautical Labs operating at 915 Mc using in-passband pumping to improve minimum discernible signal. In-passband pumping also produced 70 percent increases in the range of eight L-

October 6, 1961 65 +157.5° -67.5° -112.5° +22.5° -22.5° +112.5° +67.5° -157.5° Molten-salt process is used at Lockheed to metalize titanium film on inor- FIG. 8—Multiple-feed system for gamc substrate. Electroplating another metal on substrate develops ter- eight-element antenna developed minations and photoetching converts selected areas to resistive or dielectric by Aero Geo Astro for satellites materials to form all passive electronic components provides eight beam positions

band installations. Vectorial addi- pere turns at a repetition rate of film by spot welding, thermal com- tion of the information in the idler 400 pps or less. Reset flux of the pression bonding or soldering. The channel to that in the signal chan- square loop cores controls pulse process is practical for application nel results in an operating single- duration. Pulse excitation and now and can be adapted to meet channel noise figure almost equiva- zero exciting current during the evolutionary requirements by inte- lent to the broadband noise figure. gating interval improve sensitivity grating new and improved active The ebpa, probably the only low- and long term stability of system, semiconductor devices as they are level amplifier doubling as a t-r de- which promises to eliminate many developed. vice, by eliminating the gas tube, problems associated with present- Recent progress with ceramic betters noise performance, reduces day flowmeter transducers. filters in solving the frequency- recovery time, eliminates har- Titanium thin-film circuits which shift problem at high temperatures monic filters and mechanical shut- permit improvements in reliability, will be brought to the NEC by Cur- ters, and protects semiconductors reproduction versatility, product ran and Koneval of Clevite, who from the radar. The device can range, size reduction and economy, describe an unusual approach to cope with heavy overloads (15-watt will be discussed by W. D. Fuller ceramic filter design at higher fre- average, 10-Kw peak input) to proof Lockheed. A molten salt process quencies. Their paper will discuss tect the mixer crystal. The paper metallizes an inorganic substrate independent activation of discrete reports that a metal-ceramic ver- with a thick film of titanium. Ter- portions of a ceramic Uniwafer to sion is in the final development minations are developed by electro- form a ladder filter within a single stages. Low induction leads to the plating another metal on the sub- two-dimensional structure. Design quadrupole and couplers project strate, and all passive electronic parameters and performance data radially through the ceramic en- components are fabricated in one are for the 10-Mc range. velope. A simple 200-Mc band- continuous pattern by photoetch- Erectable scanning antenna suit- tuning mechanism avoids built-in ing. An anodic process converts able for space vehicles will be de- tuned circuits and permits con- selected areas into resistive or di- scribed by Kelleher and Coleman struction of tunable amplifiers. electric material; the electrolyte of Aero Geo Astro. Electronic scan- An experimental transducer ca- and parameters of the electrical ning permits antenna directivity pable of measuring blood velocity process determine the resulting ma- to be changed, minimizing the in animals without opening the arterial. A jig restricts the electro- problem of vehicle attitude control. teries will be described by Fred lytes to a selected area. A Schmidt lens configuration per- Johanson of Jaeger Labs. Rela- A dynamic control process meas- mits a 90-degree scan angle of the tively large drive requirements can ures the electrical parameters, R, one-degree beam. be met with either of two exciter C, or dissipation factor. Further An unusual switching method, circuits. They drive any one of sev- anodizing or mechanical operations using a combination of transmis- eral different sized transducer im- are used to trim R individually to sion lines to provide the multiple plants which allow for different precise values. The addition of inputs corresponding to different arterial diameters. A pair of mono- counterelectrolyte to the dielectric beam positions, permits microsec- stable blocking oscillators supply pattern is used to form C. Active ond switching of the feeds with gas magnetizing force up to 2,000 am- components are attached to the thin tubes or diodes. Compact stripline

66 electronics the 5,925-7,125 Mc range. With techniques are used in the feed dred exhibits, a serial memory ca- coaxial fittings, the range can be networks with one or more printed pable of storing 1,600 bits at input extended to 4,000-8,000 Mc for test circuit panels for hybrid intercon- rates as high as 16 megabits a equipment. Two new rugged K- nection with coaxial lines. A mul- second will be introduced by Com- band backward wave oscillators will tiple hybrid junction and phase puter Control. A newly developed be announced extending frequency shifters in the network provide fused-silica acoustic delay line that coverage to 26.5 Gc. They can be beam positions equal to the number obviates temperature control re- of array elements. An experimental quirements will also be shown. used as swept local oscillators for space, airborne and ground-based model of the array provides eight Pulse delays range from 20 to 100 beam positions with about half microseconds at operating fre- receivers and test equipment, and power crossover. An eight-element quencies from 8-16 Mc. the high power output makes them suitable for furnishing pump power feed system is shown in Fig. 3. Punched-tape transmission and Techniques for microwave diag- reception can be combined with to parametric amplifiers. The same nostics of solids will be described voice communications over tele- company will show double-ended by Morris Brodwin of Northwest- phone circuits in a 100-character- subminiature germanium transistors, germanium epitaxial mesa ern. A small powdered sample per-second, 1,000 word-per-minute placed in the center of microwave system that will be shown by Tele- transistors offering lower saturation voltage for high-speed logic junctions indicates excitation of type Corp. arms as a function of static mag- The Industrial Components divi- circuits, a 36-volt transistorized power supply and a high-voltage netic field. Line width and electron sion of Raytheon plans to announce Raysistor isolator to control x-ray spins are measured for ferrites and a 10,000-hour life warranty on elec- paramagnetic materials. tron tubes. It provides OEM's ten power supplies. As a follow-up to a 1960 NEC times the previously offered protec- An exceptionally wide-band paper on antennas, Baker and La tion and includes full coverage transfer voltmeter to be introduced Grone, Southern Methodist Uni- against catastrophic failures with- by Ballantine can be used in stand- versity, will describe a method for in 1,000 hours. ards laboratories to calibrate r-f calculating mutual impedance be- A new low-cost, long-life travel- sources, as an r-f voltmeter for fre- tween any two thin linear center- ing-wave tube designed as a power quency-response measurements in fed antennas having sinusoidal cur- amplifier will be introduced by Ray- amplifiers and other devices and to rent distribution. theon for microwave relay repeater measure unknown a-c voltages with Among the more than four hun- stations in systems operating in high accuracy in terms of d-c voltage. Impedance of the probe is fiat from 25 cycles to 30 Mc. Radio -frequency interference suppressor that attenuates interference at the point of origin will be introduced by Relcoil affiliate of Hi G, Inc., for switching circuits. The manufacturer says that one unit replaces both the usual load and power-supply filters. Decreases in weight and cost result from eliminating the need for additional shielding of the suppressor and leads, while reduced arcing is claimed to increase contact life up to 400 percent. Conforming Matrix Corp. is offering powdered resin coater to increase production rates of axial- lead components. Coating thicknesses are variable from 5 to 15 mils. An automatic resistor sorting system that can evaluate 500 components an hour will be shown by Electro Scientific Industries. The calibrated console uses four terminal measurements to sort resistors into ±-0.01 percent or ±0.1 percent ratings. An indicator lamp shows the tolerance in use and il- Titanium thin-film integrated circuit designed by Lockheed for computer luminates the resistor container. function can accommodate new active elements as they are developed

October 6, 1961 67 Combining semiconductor mixer and r-f devices

within the antenna structure produces a lightweight,

maintenance-free receiving system that has few

LOCAL OSC I—F OUTPUT FIG. 1—Antennaverter on conical component parts and excellent electrical performance spiral antenna showing circuit

Design of Antennaverters and

By JOHN R. COPELAND the matching problems between a for the converter element, the d-c WILLIAM J. ROBERTSON broadband antenna and its corre- bias current is introduced through Antenna Laboratory, sponding receiver may be materi- the i-f cable. Conversion power The Ohio State University, ally reduced by designing the re- Columbus, Ohio gain can be realized in the tunnel- ceiver as part of the antenna. In diode down converter, whereas a another example, the effects of conventional diode mixer can give ANTENNAVERTERS and antennafiers transmission losses between ele- a theoretical limit of 3 db conver- are antenna-receiving system comments of large receiving arrays can sion loss at best. A block diagram binations in which part of the re- be reduced to insignificance by of the tunnel-diode down converter ceiver circuit has been integrated using an antennafier for each ele- is shown in Fig. 2A. In place of into the antenna. The antenna- ment. In such a system, an effec- tuned circuits, filters having the verter combines the antenna and tive amplitude taper might be ob- property of appearing as pure re- converter into a single unit while tained by adjusting the gain of sistances in their passbands, and the antennafier combines the an- each antennafier element. as short circuits outside their pass- tenna and r-f amplifier into a sin- One of the simplest types of in- bands are used. gle unit. Antennaverters and an- tegrated receiving systems is the An analysis of the tunnel-diode tennafiers are practical with pres- antennaverter, or integrated an- down converter may be done with a ently available solid-state devices tenna and heterodyne converter. midfrequency equivalent circuit and such as the tunnel diode. Advances The antennaverter used for detailed an approximation of the tunnel- in solid-state circuits and molecu- measurements was built into the diode I-V characteristic. If the tun- lar electronics should soon make feed terminals at the tip of a coni- nel diode is d-c biased at a point on practical the integration of an en- cal spiral antenna, as shown in Fig. the positive conductance portion tire receiver (except perhaps for 1. This type of antenna was chosen and near the peak of the curve as output display) into the antenna because of its broadband capabil- shown in Fig. 2B, the relationship structure.' ity: typically a 10:1 ratio of fre- The use of semiconductor devices quencies or more.' The arms, or G.V — pV2 (1) in antennaverters and antennafiers radiating elements of the spiral an- may be assumed, where G. and p should make them maintenance- tenna, were the outsides of the two are chosen to approximate the I-V free, with the ability to operate re- coaxial cables while the cables characteristic in the region of the liably in severe environments, while themselves were used as transmis- bias point. printed circuits, solid-state devices, sion lines for i-f and local oscil- The midfrequency equivalent cir- and molecular electronics make it lator signals. The diode mixer ele- cuit shown in Fig. 2C is obtained practical to place lightweight cir- ment can be either a conventional by using Eq. 1 and the properties cuits in what would normally be mixer diode or a tunnel diode. of the filters. Conductance G. ap- wasted space in the antenna. The radiation pattern of the coni- pears across each of the filters be- Integration of receiver circuits cal spiral antenna is asingle, broad, cause the three passbands do not into antenna structures should not circularly polarized beam directed overlap. The circuit parameters degrade the performance of the re- off the tip of the cone.' The down- are: co. is signal frequency, co, is ceiving system as a whole, and in converter circuit does not affect the intermediate frequency, w. is local- many instances should improve the radiation properties of the antenna. oscillator frequency, Gi is loss con- overall performance. For example, Where the tunnel diode is used ductance of filter No. 1, G. is loas

611 •lectronies FIG. 2—Tunnel-diode down converter (A), tunnel-diode characteristics (B) and down converter equivalent circuit (C)

Antennafiers Single copy of this article available free by simply checking the READER SERVICE CARD

conductance of filter No. 2, G. Is signal characteristic of the tunnel half-wavelength dipole was matched loss conductance of filter No. 3, G, diode. into a coaxial mixer, and the inter- is load conductance and G, is the In practice, only limited gain is mediate frequency was fed into the generator (or antenna) conduct- necessary to mask the noise contri- i-f amplifier and detector. For each ance. bution of the i-f amplifier, so insta- measurement the transmitter out- Because detailed analysis is bility problems inherent in high- put was adjusted to give receiver lengthy, only the solution for con- gain negative-resistance amplifiers signal output equal to noise output. version power gain will be given. can be avoided. This conversion The antennaverter has its own The additional details of the deriva- gain is in contrast to aconventional built-in mixer so it only needs to tion are available.' crystal mixer in which the conver- be fed local-oscillator signal, and Conversion gain may be written sion loss usually makes the i-f am- its output is the intermediate frequency. The operating frequency go plifier noise appear as a major por- 4p 2 Vo2 GL tion of the total noise output of the of the antennaverter is exactly the (2) [(G.,-1-02-EGL) (G.-1-01-1-G,,)—p2 V. 21' system. sum or difference of the local-oscil- where V. is the peak value of the In a typical coaxial configuration lator and intermediate frequencies, pump (or local-oscillator) voltage. of the downconverter using a and frequency scan over the entire This gain equation reveals that 1N2939 tunnel diode, a stable con- bandwidth of the antenna may be the denominator can go to zero for version gain of 9 db has been meas- accomplished by adjusting the local some value of pump voltage, so the ured, with an overall two-channel oscillator. gain may be made arbitrarily large. noise figure of approximately 7 db The two diodes used in the an- It is implied however, that the loss in the uhf range. tennaverter for these tests were conductances of the filters and the Figure 3A shows the test setup the 1N832 X-band mixer diode and generator and load conductances are used for measuring the antenna- the 1N2939 tunnel diode. not so large as to require exces- verter. At the top is shown a con- Figure 38 gives the results of sively high pump voltages, which ventional receiving system used as measurements over the full band- would exceed the assumed small- the standard of comparison. The width of the spiral antenna used. Zero db corresponds to the sensitivity of the standard dipole system 30 with the coaxial mixer. LOCAL OSCILLATOR The lower curve shows that the TUNNEL DIODE antennaverter has 8-db gain over 20 the standard, and since that closely MIXER LE AMP -7- represents the spiral-antenna gain over a dipole, it must be concluded -X DIPOLE CD 2 I.F. that the noise figure of the 1N832 O CALIBRATED \1F-kle il IN832 DIODE") ---''' diode was about the same, as that of R- F GENER"'"OR the coaxial mixer. LOCAL -10 (B) 100 200 400 600 1,000 The upper curve shows that use (A) OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY IN MC of the tunnel-diode downconverter FIG. 8—Antennaverter test setup (A) and performance compared with a provides significant improvement conventional dipole and coaxial mixer (B) over a conventional diode, in this

October 6, 1961 69 FIG. 4—Traveling-wave parametric antennafier (A) with diode-loaded transmission line (B)

case about 7 db. Careful designing match, which could otherwise create The gain of an amplifier is by no and improved diodes could increase instability. In the tunnel-diode an- means a measure of its quality. It this significantly. tennafier this backward wave is ra- must also have alow noise figure if A more complex example of the diated from the antenna structure, it is to be used for an r-f amplifier integration of receiver components and the isolation problem is elimi- in any of the antennafiers discussed into the antenna structure is the nated or greatly simplified. above. The noise figure of a con- antennafier, in which the radio- Tunnel-diode antennafiers may ventional two-port amplifier may be frequency amplifier and the antenna be designed as shown in Fig. 4B. measured easily by connecting a become a unified structure.' In a Here a diode-loaded transmission calibrated noise source to its input traveling-wave antenna the ampli- line uses k/4 shunt stubs to pro- and measuring the signal-to-noise fier may be a traveling-wave pa- vide isolation from the bias source. ratio at its output. rametric or traveling-wave tunnel Radiating elements may be coupled The noise figure of the amplifier diode amplifier, with signals cou- into the line. Individually biasing in an antennafier is not so easily pled into or out from the radiating the diodes would control the gain measured, however, because its in- portion of the structure, usually at and thereby determine the radiation put terminals are distributed periodic intervals. Alternatively, pattern. A 4-element res ear ch throughout the antenna and are not the r-f amplifier consists of ampli- model has produced 3 to 4-db gain accessible. The parameter which fier elements distributed through- per stage with stable operation. can be measured is the field- out the antenna structure, or the Figure 5 shows a resonant half- strength sensitivity of the receiving antenna may be used as a bandpass wave dipole with a gamma-match system. filter in a lumped circuit amplifier. arrangement for adjusting the im- Field-strength sensitivity is de- Figure 4A shows an antennafier. pedance seen by the tunnel diode. fined as the field strength of the Here the idea of locating a pream- Because of the wide range of ad- electromagnetic wave in which the plifier close to the antenna has been justment possible with the gamma- antenna must be immersed to pro- carried to the limit by distributing match, this antennafier can be made vide signal output equal to noise the amplification through the an- to oscillate at the dipole resonant output. This implies an electric tenna structure itself. Some thought frequency and usable modulated field strength, but it is more con- has been given to controlling the signals have been radiated. When venient to deal in terms of power radiation pattern of such a struc- used as an oscillator the device has density. That is, ture by adjusting the gain of each been tentatively called an antenna- amplifying element. mitter, since it is a unified antenna PM — P] (3) Such a system has extremely low and transmitter. S. = N. noise potential because amplifica- If the gamma-match is adjusted where P is the magnitude of the tion occurs immediately at the point so that oscillations do not occur, Poynting vector of the incoming of signal reception before any the antennafier resembles a conven- wave (assumed to be from the di- transmission losses occur in the an- tional tank-type tunnel-diode am- rection of the beam maximum), S. tenna. The amplifying elements plifier. Arrays of such elements is signal power output of the receiv- themselves would be inherently low- may form highly directive anten- ing system and N. is the noise noise. nas. A practical supergain struc- power output of the receiving sys- The traveling-wave amplifier may ture could be built with the tem, with the effective temperature use variable-capacitance diodes or necessarily violent amplitude distri- at the input equal to the IRE stand- tunnel diodes. Amplification can be butions obtained by adjusting the ard noise temperature of 290 K. made to be undirectional for the gains of the individual antennafier By measurement of field-strength variable-capacitor amplifier; how- elements. sensitivities, the noise figure of the ever, in the tunnel diode traveling- Parasitic array excitation is also amplifier may be deduced. The field- wave amplifier amplification is bi- being studied, as well as the appli- strength sensitivity is measured on directional and ferrite isolators are cation of the gamma-match to the the test range by adjusting the generally used to suppress the back- wide-band log-periodic dipole-array power level of the transmitting ward-traveling wave caused by mis- antennafier. source so that the signal output of

70 electronics directly to the receiver. This gives sufficiently far above the noise level for linear operation. The local os- FS& = (kT„B/A)NF, (8) cillator drive should be adjusted The second measurement is with for the same level that gives op- the antennafier ahead of the re- timum performance in the receiv- ceiver. It is necessary to account ing system, and the r-f signal power for the noise contribution of the input to the mixer for an arbitrary receiver as well as that of the an- reference output of the i-f amplifier tennafier. This is done by including should be measured. With the mixer the quantity (NF,. — 1) in the ex- removed, an i-f signal generator pression for noise power at the out- should be connected to the amplifier put of the amplifier. This last ex- and the power level required to give pression is the excess noise power FIG. 5 — Driven element for the same reference output level of the receiver referred to the re- gamma-match antennafier should be measured. The ratio of ceiver input terminals. The field- these two signal power inputs is by strength sensitivity becomes definition the conversion gain (or the receiving system is equal to its loss) of the mixer. FSS2= kT. B [NIP.+ (NF,-1)] noise output. This transmitter A G (9) The noise figure of the separate power may be on an arbitrary db mixer may be measured in the usual The ratio of these two terms is scale because it will be necessary to fashion with a broadband noise know only the relative field strength FSS, =FSSB=NF°1-(1/G) [NF,-11 (10) source, and substituted for the term of two different measurements, and FSig -1 NF, NF,. in the equation for field- the absolute power level is unim- Thus the noise figure of the am- strength sensitivity ratio. The portant. plifier in the antennafier may be quantity NF. then would become Assume amplifier gain G and the deduced from the field-strength the noise figure of the mixer or receiver noise figure NF, can be sensitivity ratio, provided the gain down converter built into the an- measured with reasonable precision. of the amplifier and the noise figure tennaverter. The signal-to-noise power ratio at of the receiver are known. The ef- These techniques are not limited the input to the amplifier will be fective aperture of the antenna to integrated system designs. They denoted by S,/N,. The signal power need not be known, if it is not al- should find application for evaluat- at the output of the amplifier is tered by addition of the amplifier, ing overall system performance GS,, but noise power is GAT( + EN, but it is assumed that the effective wherever low-noise preamplifiers the amplified input noise plus the temperature T., which includes and/or mixers are compared. In excess noise. The field strength background or sky temperature and particular, the behavior of nega- sensitivity of the antennafier may antenna losses, remains 290 K for tive-resistance devices such as pa- now be written in terms of the ef- both measurements. Variations in rametric amplifiers and masers may fective aperture T. from 290 K will have little effect be studied while functioning as part of the complete receiving system. S. Ni+(EN/0) (4) on the measurements except in ex- FM= Results presented in this article 11 ] A tremely low-noise systems. This method was developed for were obtained under contract AF The amplifier noise figure is de- use with antennafiers, but has also 33(616)-6211 issued from Aero- fined by been extended for use with antenna- nautical Systems Division, Air SdNi verters in which the output fre- Force Systems Command, United Nr„.. quency is different from the input States Air Force, Wright-Patterson EN frequency. Then it is no longer Air Force Base, Ohio. The authors (5) = GSi/(GATi-I-BY) = GNi possible to disable the active por- acknowledge the contributions and where the effective input noise tem- tion of the antennaverter for the suggestions of Edwin M. Turner perature also must be 290 K.Hence, measurement of FSSi. Instead, it of ASD, and Carlton H. Walter of is necessary to use an identical an- The Ohio State University Antenna FSS = (Ni/A)NF. (6) tenna (or the same antenna with Laboratory. Since the available noise power the down converter removed), and is frequently written kT,B where k aseparate mixer circuit whose char- is Boltzmann's constant, T. is 290 acteristics are known. and B is the bandwidth, Since it is necessary for the ef- REFERENCES FSS = (kT.B/A)NF. (7) (1) J. R. Copeland and W. J. Robert- fective noise bandwidth to be the son, Antennaverters and Antennafiers, This demonstrates that the field- same for both measurements (usu- Pro° 1961 NAECON, p 171, Dayton, Ohio, 1961. strength sensitivity of a receiving ally the effective bandwidth of the (2) J. D. Dyson, The Unidirectional Equiangular Spiral Antenna, Trans system is directly proportional to i-f amplifier), the bandwidth of the PGAP, AP-7, p 329, Oct., 1959. (3) J. R. Copeland, Radiation from the the operating noise figure. separate mixer circuit must not be Balanced Conical Equiangular Spiral An- tenna, Report 903-12, 1 September 1960, Two measurements of field- smaller than the remainder of the Antenna Laboratory, The Ohio State Uni- versity Research Foundation. strength sensitivity are sufficient to system. (4) Interim Engineering Report 903-11, determine NF.. For the first meas- The conversion gain or loss of 1 July 1960, Antenna Laboratory, The Ohio State University Research Founda- urement, the amplifier should be re- the separate mixer must be known tion. (5) A. C. Frost and R. R. Clark, The moved or disabled in the antenna- accurately. This may be measured Design of Half- and Quarter-Wave Para- metric Amplifier Antennas, 1961 NAECON, fier so that the antenna connects on the bench at any signal level p 357, Dayton, Ohio, 19(31.

October 6, 1961 71 PLASMA GUIDE COUPLERS

Feasibility of using a plasma guide selective coupler for controlling microwave transmissions

....TUNABLE SHORTS ---...... , e \ Mil IMIll I II TO POWER SUPPLY FOR MAINTAINING DISCHARGE PLASMA PL ASMA , DISCHARGE iREGIONGUI / TUBE

METAL BROAD WALL SLEEVE

WAVEGUIDE

(A) OUTPUT GUIDE INPUT GUIDE

FIG. 1—Schematic of plasma guide microwave selective coupler (A), and experimental model of S-band coupler (B)

By W. H. STEIER* discharge tube, both in c-w and In a plasma guide containing a I. KAUFMAN, pulsed operation. Switching times plasma of a fixed electron density, Space Technology Laboratories. Inc. were on the order of 2 to 5 µsec. transmission occurs chiefly at sig- Canoga, Calif. The amount of energy coupled nal frequencies lower than a cut- by the plasma guide coupler is con- SPACE CHARGE WAVES that propa- off frequency. gate along the plasma column of a trolled by varying the propagation It is common to characterize the gas discharge can control and characteristics of a coupling tube electron density of a plasma by the switch microwave power at both S- that links two waveguides, as in quantity f, the plasma frequency. band and X-band. Fig. 1A. This tube is composed For an electron density of N elec- Because of the propagating na- of a cylindrical discharge, sur- trons per cubic centimeter, f, ture of microwaves, there are two rounded by a coaxial region of vac- 9,000 Ni. methods of electronically con- uum or dielectric, and an outer For the plasma guide, the cutoff trolling energy transferred along metal cover. The discharge, called frequency is the plasma, is contained by a glass a transmission system. These are: f«. = f, (1 + tube, although this is not requisite. (1) localized switching, where a Here K, is the dielectric constant Analysis" shows that the cou- lumped-constant element, such as of the material immediately ad- pling tube has the properties of a an open or short circuit, is intro- jacent to the plasma. Transmission waveguide, and that the transmis- duced at a point of the transmis- will occur through the coupling sion characteristics are controlled sion system; and (2) distributed tube at frequencies below f„.. by the properties of the plasma. switching, where the transmission Note that f,, is independent of the There are, however, these differ- characteristics of a length of trans- physical dimensions. Conversely, ences between this plasma guide mission line or waveguide are al- for a given signal frequency f., and the ordinary hollow wave- tered. Examples of the first method propagation occurs only if the elec- guide: (1) In ahollow metal wave- are the transmit-receive tube and tron density exceeds the number guide, the propagated energy is all switching diode. This article pre- N given by sents results of apreliminary inves- carried by the electromagnetic field. In transmission of microwave N.. = (/,/9,000) 2 (1+ K.) tigation of a type (2) switch—the power by the plasma guide, only Density N in the plasma is con- plasma guide selective coupler.' a part of the energy resides in the trolled externally from below to Coupling of microwave power has electromagnetic field; the rest in above the cutoff value N.,. A been varied over a greater range kinetic energy of oscillating plasma simple method is a change of anode than 30 db, by varying the current electrons. (2) In the hollow guide, voltage, which changes the dis- in a low pressure mercury-vapor nearly loss-free transmission can charge current and thereby the occur only if the applied frequency electron density. When a plasma •Consultant from University of Illinois, Urbana, ni. is higher than the cutoff frequency. guide is a coupling guide between

72 electronics CONTROL MICROWAVE POWER has been demonstrated at S-band and X-band. Switching times, 2 to 5µsec

two ordinary waveguides, as in metal sleeve must be large enough maximum coupling. Fig. 1A, it can become an elec- to allow a coaxial TE„ mode for The switching operation is tronically controllable microwave good coupling at high densities. shown in Fig. 3. Low level c-w switch. The diameter was made 50 mm at microwave power at 3,360 Mc is fed Although a hollow tube wave- S-band. Length of the plasma into the input guide while a 3 its, guide propagates energy just above guide region is not critical and 23 volt pulse is applied to the anode cutoff, the signal is, nevertheless, was made 12 cm. of the discharge tube. The upper attenuated rapidly by ohmic losses. Figure 2 shows the response of trace is the switching voltage A similar situation exists for the the S-band coupler as a function pulse, the center trace is the dis- plasma guide when the density is of the discharge current. The charge current, and the lower trace just above the value needed for coupling between input and output is the resultant pulse of coupled propagation. When operated with a guides could be varied electronic- microwave power. The quiescent variable anode voltage in this really from —11 db to less than —40 discharge current was set at 0.16 gion of densities, the coupler db. The X-band coupler had a simi- amperes. Observed switching time therefore becomes an electronically lar response with a maximum cou- is 2 µsec. controllable variable attenuator. pling of —8.5 db. Probing of the The coupler can be used with low As the density is increased beyond fields along the plasma column indi- level c-w microwave signals or this region, the losses decrease cor- cates that the maximum coupling medium level pulsed signals. High respondingly. is determined by impedance match- level input microwave power can As the density in the coupling ing and not by losses along the increase the plasma density in the tube is increased to higher and column. Better matching between column sufficiently to make the higher values, the operation of this the rectangular guide and the switch always conducting. The ex- tube approaches that of a coaxial plasma guide should increase the perimental X-band switch could waveguide with metal center con- handle 128 watts of pulsed micro- ductor. For efficient high density f.3,360 MC wave power. coupling, the outer metal conductor 0 Hg VAPOR QUARTZ The plasma guide coupler could DISCHARGE TUBE must be large enough to allow the 4 L O. 6 MM find many applications in the elec- 0. D.--8 MM appropriate coaxial mode to propa- 8 - METAL I. D.- tronic control and switching of 50 MM microwave power. The device offers gate. If transmission is in the an- 12 - co gularly symmetric mode, there is o the advantages of distributed z 16 no dimension restriction. But if, switching over point switching and 20 as in Fig. 1A, transmission is in requires no magnetic fields as do --1-4! 24 the mode with angular variation, ferrite devices. 280 the diameter of the metal sleeve 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Problems for further research: must be chosen large enough. How- DISCHARGE CURRENT IN AMPERES plasmas whose densities can be well-controlled must be obtained; ever, to prevent coupling at low or FIG. 2—How coupled power varies zero currents, the diameter must with discharge current better broad-band impedance- be small enough to prevent conduc- matching elements between rection in a circular waveguide mode. tangular and plasma guides are Therefore, although dimensions needed; for vhf applications, high did not enter into the low density density plasmas are needed. cutoff expressions, they are impor- The authors gratefully acknowl- tant in practical coupler design. edge the work of R. P. Kemp in the Experimental models of the laboratory investigations of these plasma guide coupler have been couplers. built and tested at both S and X- bands. The S-band device is shown REFERENCES in Fig. 1B. A mercury-vapor quartz (1) W. H. Steier and I. Kaufman, A Plasma Guide Microwave Selective Cou- discharge tube was used to produce FIG. 8—Switching of c-w micro- pler, to be published in IRE Trans on Mic- rowave Theory and Techniques. the plasma column. The discharge wave power with plasma coupler. (2) A. W. Trivelpiece, Slow Wave Pro- Upper trace is switching voltage pagation in Plasma Waveguides. N'ONR tubes were 5 mm inside and 7 mm 220 (13) Tech. Report 7, Calif. Inst. of pulse, center is pulse of discharge Tech.. May 1958. outside diameter or 6 mm inside current, and lower is coupled mic- (3) A. W. Trivelpiece and R. W. Gould, and 8 mm outside, and of various Space Charge Waves in Cylindrical rowave power. Time scale: 2 lased Plasma Columns, J Appi Phys, 30, p. lengths. The inner diameter of the major division 1,784, Nov. 1959.

October 6, 1961 73 CALCULATING "WORST-CASE"

collector-to-base voltage. This component is also affected by temperature but not to the degree that the thermal component is. An increase in temperature will usually increase the surface leakage component although the rate of increase varies widely for different transistors. Leakage current 1310 is similar to /en . and is caused by the base- to-emitter diode action. It is also composed of two components: one caused by thermal characteristics of base-to-emitter diode action and the second by the surface contamination (in the normal operating region). Leakage currents /rn. and /nn , are often of comparable Current directions magnitudes. Current inn . is important in switching circuits where the emitter-to-base diode is com- monly reverse-biased. In the gen- By ELVIN D. PETERSON, uted by the surface component. eral case of small-signal applica- Military Electronics Div., The first source of data normally tions, the base-to-emitter diode is Motorola, Inc.. Phoenix. Arizona encountered is the transistor speci- forward-biased and Inno is not ap- fication sheet. Most sheets list the plicable. EVALUATION of worst-case leakage /,.„ and the /En . leakage currents Leakage current /en. is not as current in transistors is often over- that exist at 25 C (sometimes re- easily explained. The explanation simplified. Leakage current is ferred to as and /n.). A third which is given in "Transistor easily determined by direct meas- leakage current that may be en- Kinks"' will be followed. Consider urement. When using alarge quan- countered is I. To clarify which a transistor with the base open- tity of transistors in a complex of leakage current is applicable to the circuited, the collector-to-base di- equipment, individual measurement design problem, the three leakage ode reverse-biased and the base-to- is usually not feasible. The magni- currents are defined thus: /en . is emitter diode forward-biased. The tude of the leakage current is not the collector current that flows in Inn . leakage current that normally a constant parameter but is subject a transistor when the emitter is flows in the collector-to-base diode to variation by environment, aging, open-circuited and the collector-to- is not able to flow in the base lead, applied voltage levels, and by the base diode is back-biased; /nn „ is since the base is now open-cir- manufacturing process. the emitter current that flows when cuited. A compensating current The approach to evaluation of the collector is open-circuited and must be visualized. This current leakage current considers the prob- the base-to-emitter diode is back- will flow in the emitter and is lem as applied to equipment in biased; /„„ is the collector current equivalent to the base current that which large quantities of transis- that flows from the collector would flow if the base were not tors are used. The technique also through the emitter when the base open-circuited, but the emitter applies to a single isolated transis- is open-circuited and normal bias were open-circuited. Since the base tor circuit when certain simplifica- is applied to the collector. current that would flow is normally tions in the analysis are made. Current /en. is actually the leak- /nn ., an expression can be developed Evaluation of transistor leakage age current that flows within the for the emitter current that does current yields a numerical quantity collector-to-base diode and is com- flow, to give a corresponding oper- which is the total leakage current posed of two leakage components. ating point. that can be expected to flow in the One is thermal leakage which is Leakage current /rn . would like collector-to-base diode junction and the result of diode action and which to flow from base-to-collector for which allows for the worst-case con- varies exponentially with tempera- the /yap transistor shown in the ditions of circuit operation. The ture. This leakage component is figure. Since the base is open- solution involves determining: (1) relatively independent of the col- circuited, the inno cannot flow from most elevated junction tempera- lector-to-base voltage (Vr5 ). The the base. An imaginary current ture; (2) leakage current contrib- other is surface leakage which re- /ft can be postulated which flows in uted by the thermal component; sults from surface contamination a direction opposite to that of /coo and (3) leakage current contrib- and is directly proportional to the in the base. The two currents can-

74 electronics TRANSISTOR LEAKAGE CURRENT

eel in the base lead, which satisfies leakage component is doubled. The ease parameter fluctuations of the the condition of an open base. An temperature dependency of the power source and the compensating emitter current is required to pro- surface leakage component is diffi- circuit. duce imaginary current I8. This cult to estimate. A pessimistic rule Total junction temperature is:

emitter current is given by: of thumb is': the increase in the = TA TE àTPD (5) surface leakage component with where T„ = maximum ambient temperature can be considered as = 1-1a Is. (1) temperature given in the perform- one-half the increase of the ther- ance specification, T = maximum This expression involves the cur- mal leakage component. expected rise in temperature due rent gain (a) from the emitter to It cannot be too strongly empha- to the power dissipation within the collector. The collector current sized that the data available on the equipment, T, = total maxi- is composed of two components. most transistor specification sheets mum temperature of the collector represent zero life time parameter lo = «/ B ICB0 (2) junction, and AT pp = increase in values. To use the value of Ir„„ or junction temperature over ambient IC = ICB0 'CSC (3) I„ directly from the specification 1— due to heat generated by power dis- sheet, without allowing for the in- sipation in the collector junction. ie = (0 -I-1) leg ()= 1(.1;0 (4) evitable increase due to aging, The term àTp. in Eq. 5 is a linear From Eq. 4 it is seen that the leak- could greatly contribute to de- function of the dissipated power creased equipment reliability. A age current I,„„, which flows when in the transistor. the base is open, can be very much realistic figure for 1,„„ or 1„,,„ that ATI,D = /C X PD (6) larger than that which flows when allows for life degradation is best there is a low-resistance circuit obtained by actual accelerated life where K = thermal resistance fac- path between the base and emitter. measurements on an acceptable tor in deg C per mw, and PD = This large value of collector leak- sample lot of the transistor. If this total transistor power dissipation. age current frequently causes ther- information is not available it is The constant K is a measure of mal runaway in transistors oper- recommended that at least a 40-per- the thermal resistance between the ated with the base open or with cent increase in the total calculated collector junction and the case of large values of resistance inserted leakage current be allowed. Many the transistor or heat sink. This between the base and emitter. older and poorer specifications al- constant is given on most transis- The transistor specification sheet low an end limit of 2 (100-percent tor specification sheets. Where K often gives the values of l,,,,, and increase) at a poor 4-percent AQL is not given, the specification sheet 1131I0 at two different voltage operat- for a 1,000-hour life test. will usually give sufficient informa- ing points (Vg. or Vgg). This en- Theoretically, the thermal portion so that the constant can be ables the surface leakage compo- tion of the leakage current in sili- calculated. Two pieces of informa- nent to be segregated from the con transistors increases at a faster tion are required for this calcula- thermal leakage component. If rate than in germanium transis- tion: (1) maximum allowable junction temperature, T, (max), and there is only one value of 1, 0 or tors. However, actual measure- (2) maximum allowable power dis- /g,„ given, actual physical measurements indicate that the rate of in- ments will be required to segregate crease is for all practical purposes sipated at a specified temperature, the two leakage components. the same. The equations to be pre- PD,. From these, the constant is: sented can be used for both silicon The increase in the thermal leak- K = 7.1 (max) — Tapeefied age component with temperature and germanium transistors. PDsr (7 ) can generally be determined by The problem states that the max- The total power dissipation re- using the rule of thumb that the imum elevated junction tempera- quired for the solution of Eq. 6 is: thermal leakage component doubles ture must be known before calcula- PD -= VeR Ic Vcs Is (8) tion of the leakage current. for every 10 deg C rise in junc- The PD may also be expressed as: tion temperature from that given The junction temperature will be influenced by the following fac- in the specification sheet. (The am- PD = Ic( VeR VBE (9) hFE bient temperature given on most tors: (1) Maximum ambient tem- specification sheets is 25 C.) perature stated in the performance where 17,3 = d-c collector-to-emitter It has previously been indicated specification of the equipment. voltage, Vc„ = d-e collector-to-base that the surface leakage component (2) Internal rise of temperature voltage, V83 = d-e base-to-emitter is directly proportional to the ap- of the equipment due to its own voltage, I = d-c collector current,

plied voltage (Ve„ or Vg.). The power dissipation. The occurrence /. = d-c base current, and h,z = voltage dependent magnitude is of possible hot-spots within the Iza z = the d-c current gain of the therefore a straightforward calcu- equipment should be allowed for. transistor in the common emitter lation; that is, if the applied volt- (3) The power dissipation within configuration (h,z is frequently age in the circuit is twice as great the transistor involved. referred to as the d-c beta). as that stated on the transistor Finally the circuit designer Having determined the most ele- specification sheet, the surface should take into account the worst- vated junction temperature, the

October 6, 1961 75 designer is now prepared to calcu- (IL.) can now be determined: SOLUTION: Power dissipation is: late the worst-case value of leakage current. The thermal and surface 'LO = 'TO + 180 (15) PD = le(Vair -F -IiVBE-R ) (0 ) components are first segregated If the additional increase in the from the value of or I,, leak- leakage current due to aging of the = 6 (12 -I- 2/5) = 74.4 mw. transistor is not available as a re- age current stated on the transistor istsance factor K is: specification sheet. This can be sult of physical measurement, an The thermal respEer increase in L. of at least 40 percent T. (itss) Tapecilteet done by actual measurements or (7 ) by using the data on the specifica- should be considered. The new tion sheet in the event that the value of leakage current obtained 85 — 25 300 = 0.2 C/mw lei .or /R., is given at two different represents the total leakage current readings of V, or V. (IL) that must be compensated for. and If the general rule of thumb is ILO X 1.4 (16) ATpis K X PD used (doubling the thermal leakage = 0.2 X 74.4 p.-2-- 15 C (6) component for every 10 deg C in- The final step to insure reliable The junction temperature is then: crease in temperature above the design required that the parameter ambient temperature given in the tolerances, affecting the leakage = TA + TE -FATrp = 50 -F 10 + 15 = 75 C (5) specification sheet) a thermal con- current compensating networks, be The thermal constant is: stant AfT is obtained. The specifi- accounted for. For an example, as- cation sheet ambient temperature sume a constant current compen- Tj — 25 deg C Mr = 5 (10) is assumed to be 25 C for: sating circuit consisting of a single 10 resistor of 5-percent total tolerance The segregated leakage components — 25 deg C M(T) = (10) and a power source of 1-percent 10 at 25 C are: total tolerance. A worst-case factor The zero life thermal leakage com- of 6 percent should be accounted I To Oi C) l'SO OS = 4pa ¡ro ai c) +3 rso (25 = 5Pa ponent is: for by increasing the total leakage 2/'o = 1 current (I,) by this amount. "SO = 0.5 pa 'TO = Iro (ii e) X 2A ur) (11) The following problem illustrates At Veil= 2v d -c, ITO (26 C) 3.5 pa where In, = the zero life thermal the described technique. The zero life thermal leakage corn- leakage component, and = GIVEN: A transistor circuit that ponent is: the segregated thermal compo- is part of a complex equipment. Ire) ». I Tes des e) X 211(n nent derived from the transistor Assume I,, to be the applicable = 3.5 X 32 = 112 pa (11) specification sheet. The surface leakage current affecting circuit The zero life voltage dependent leakage component is then calcu- operation. The specification sheet surface leakage component is: lated. Assume /,.. as the type of has the following pertinent data Veal leakage current that is applicable: Pso X PSO (Si e) (12) (at an ambient temperature of 25 Vest C unless otherwise stated) : Veal 10 180 X I80 (21 e), (12) 2 X 0.8 = 2.5 pa V CDs Icao (Mar) = 4pa (Vea = 2v d-c) 'rim (Mar) = 5eta (1'..8 6v d-c) The temperature dependent value where I's,, = the zero life, voltage of the surface leakage component dependent surface leakage compo- Maximum allowable junction tem- is: nent; Vein = the d-c collector-to- perature = 85 C. base voltage selected by the Maximum allowable power dissipa- 2.1( (T) designer; V.. = the d-c collector- tion at 25 C = 300 mw; = 5. 'SO 'SOl'so X — 2 — The transistor is operated under to-base voltage given by the tran- = 2.5 X 16 = 40 pa (14) the following conditions: (This sistor specification sheet; and The zero life leakage current is: = the segregated surface assumes worst case for d-c or low leakage component derived from frequencies where the thermal con- ILO = 'TO ± = 112 -I- 40 5.5 152 pa (15) the specification sheet. stant of the junction is small with As previously stated, a pessimis- reference to the period of the sig- The leakage current with a 40-per- tic rule of thumb that accounts for nal being amplified.) : V,.. = 10 y cent increase to account for aging deviations in the surface leakage d-c. V,. 8 = 12 y d-c, V,, = 2 y d-c, of the transistor is: with temperature changes is a and /, = 6 ma. The power sources = ILO X 1.4 multiplying factor which symboli- have 1-percent total tolerance rat- = 152 X 1.4 = 213 pa (18) ings. Resistive components have cally can be shown as: Allowing for the tolerances of the 5-percent total tolerance ratings. parameters of the compensating (7) The equipment performance speci- (13) circuit, the total worst-case tran- 2 fication indicates a maximum am- sistor leakage current is: The zero life surface leakage cur- bient temperature requirement of IL X 1.06 = 213 X 1.06 rent (Igo ) 50 C. It has been determined that can be pessimistically = 226 pa stated as: the rise in temperature due to the power dissipation within the equip- REFERENCES (1) Valor Instruments, Inc., Transistor /so.= Pao2M(r) X 2 (14) ment is 10 C. Kinks, No. 1, Nov. 1958. (2) P. G. Thomas, Determining fro at PROBI EM: Determine the worst- Elevated Temperatures and Power Dissi- The total zero life leakage current pations, Electrical Design News, Jan. case transistor leakage current. 1960.

76 electronics Solid-State 30-Channel Multiplexer

DESIGNED FOR

MINIMUM

COMPONENTS

By R. C. ONSTAD, General Dynamics Astronautics, San Diego, California FIG. 1—Basic gate with floating supply from battery (A); transistor version (B) with transistor switches replacing the mechanical ones

Permits gate-switching-transistors to double in ring counter and control sequencing.

Static inverter provides two power supplies and ring-counter stepping waveform

IN DESIGNING a missile-borne pcm the gates, using precise voltage reverse biased by potentials estab- telemetry system it was necessary sources requiring balancing net- lished across them by resistors R, to provide a multiplexer having 10- works with individual adjustments and R3. Gate G, is connected to the samples-per-second basic sampling proved unsatisfactory. Use of an common output, but isolated from rate for input signals within the individual floating voltage source any other gate supplied from the range 0-to-5 volts, and an allow- for each gate is satisfactory except same voltage source. To open a able error consistent with the that weight, size and power become gate, switches S, and S,, are closed resolution provided by an eight-bit prohibitive. At the required low simultaneously to forward-bias the pcm coder. Other desirable fea- sampling rate, separate driving diodes. Resistors R, and R3 remain tures included simplicity, reliability transformers for each gate would in the circuit but their resistance and compactness. be too large to be feasible. The is so high that their effect is over- The final multiplexer design uses final design enables each gate in come during gate conduction. The a four-diode-bridge for each gate, succession from a single floating signal er,then appears across the a single transformer-coupled float- voltage source, yet completely dis- output in response to an input ing voltage source being switched connects all other gates not immedi- signal e,„. Several gates may be to each gate in succession by using ately required. Such a device has connected to the single floating a two-transistors switching circuit been built and proved in the lab- voltage source without producing gate. In stepping conduction from oratory. The floating voltage noticeable crosstalk. By using tran- one gate to the next, one of the source is provided by a transformer sistors to switch the gates in se- switching transistors doubles as an that also has an additional winding quence, and connecting the outputs element in a ring counter. to provide power for the pcm coder. of all the gates to a common load, First it was determined that a Figure lA illustrates the opera- the device becomes an electronic four diode gate would meet the action of the multiplexer. The float- multiplexer. curacy, linearity and stability re- ing voltage source is represented Figure 1B shows how transistors quirements. However, the conven- by a battery. When switches Si can be substituted for the switches tional way of enabling (operating) and Si are open, gate G, diodes are of Fig. 1A. With no positive pulse

October 6, 1961 77 PO/. f FLOATING TO DIODE TO DODE TO DIODE CODER VOLTAGE SOURCE GATE GATE GATE 150 CPS POWER SYNCHRONIZING \ SOURCE E1 INPUT 111111_

+ 28V - 150 CPS ir SLI-IfL STEPPING STEPPING 150 CPS STEPPING (A) VOLTAGE B) leiLCr1?1-ASGE VOLTAGE (-1

FIG. 2—Inverter provides floating voltage sources, as well as power for the pcm coder and stepping pulses for the ring counter (A); inverter transients are synchronized with the step-along interval. Alternate ring-counter stages are pulsed from opposite ends of the inverter stepping winding (13) present at the base of transistor a-c from a transformer winding, the transient spikes occur only dur- Q., transistor Q, is reverse biased however, the resulting ripple can ing the short interval that one gate through R.-connection to a positive introduce undesirable noise and in the multiplexer turns off and potential. The diodes in the gate crosstalk. the following gate turns on they do are reverse biased because Rs con- Static inverters are notorious for not affect the operation of the nects the upper end of the gate to a producing switching spikes that are multiplexer. negative potential while Rs and E. impossible to completely eliminate. The pcm coder is designed so in series connect the lower end of However, if the static inverter that it does not encode during the the gate to apositive potential. The spikes can be made to occur only switching interval, thereby permit- gate is thus completely isolated at the instant that one gate turns ting it to tolerate the static inverter fom all other gates supplied by the off and the next gate turns on, the switching-transients. The static floating voltage source. spikes can be tolerated A static inverter has a third winding to With a positive pulse applied to inverter is successfully used as serve as a power supply source for transistor Q„ negative bias is over- the floating voltage source for the the pcm coder circuits, while a come and Q, conducts through its multiplexer. Figure 2A illustrates fourth winding delivers the 150-cps collector load resistor, R.. Tran- how a static inverter establishes stepping square wave to the con- sistor Q, becomes saturated so that the floating potential required. The trolling ring counter. its collector potential is slightly inverter uses a toroid transformer The rise time of the multiplexer above emitter voltage. The nega- with square-loop core and provides gate is determined both by the tive collector swing forward biases a square wave at its output. To source resistance of the gate input the base of Q, through resistor R,. synchronize the inverter spikes signal and rise time of the ring Transistors Q. and Q. are now both with the switching period of the counter, as well as the capacitance conducting, providing a forward multiplexer, the inverter is driven between the floating voltage source current path to the four diode by a 150-cps square wave that is a and ground. This capacitance is bridge thus enabling the gate. A submultiple of the main synchro- minimized by separating the trans- signal, e,, is now transmitted by nizing clock signal. The 150 cps former windings by layers of the gate and appears across the out- frequency is required for the in- Teflon. Filter capacitors of the put load as e.. By pulsing the gates verter because the multiplexer is floating voltage source are not re- in time-sequence from a ring designed for 10 samples per second turned to ground. counter having the same number of for each of the 30 data channels. In explaining how transistors counting stages as there are gates, The period for each sample is then are used as switches in the multi- each input is connected sequentially 1 x 10°/10 x 30 microsec = 3,333 plexer gate, it was stated that tran- to the common output as required. psec, which corresponds to a fre- sistor Q, of Figure lA doubled as By incorporating transistor Q, as quency of 150 cps. The square wave one stage of the controlling-ring an element in the ring counter, the output is full-wave-bridge rectified counter. Figure 2B shows 3 succes- design of the multiplexer is simpli- and filtered, uses a Zener diode sive stages of the ring counter por- fied and the number of components string to establish the three poten- tion of the multiplexer. The ring reduced. A disadvantage of this tials E., E, and E.. Switching tran- counter has one transistor per approach is reduced flexibility. sients normally associated with a stage, while stages are intercon- Battery cells would work well as static inverter are minimized by nected by resistance and capaci- a floating voltage source for the winding the transformer for mini- tance in series. The 150 cps step- multiplexer. For a missile applica- mum of leakage inductance and by ping voltage is supplied by a tion, a floating supply can be pro- placing an r-c filter at the output separate winding on the static in- vided by rectifying and filtering of the bridge rectifier. Since verter transformer. This winding

78 electronics is connected by two diodes D, and respect to the emitter when the col- The trailing edge of the ring D, to the most negative end of the lector of the transistor in the previ- counter waveform appearing on the floating voltage source as Fig. 2A ous stage swings negative. The time collector falls off rapidly to half- shows. One end of this winding constant R, C, or R, C, is selected amplitude and then falls off slowly goes through isolating resistors to so that capacitor charging current until cut-off. In providing for rapid all even numbered ring-counter will supply base drive to a conduct- shutting of the diode gate, a Zener stage while its other end connects ing transistor for the sampling diode (D. of Fig. 1B) is inserted to odd-numbered stages (Fig. 2B). duration of 3,333 itsec. The step- between the collector of Q„ Fig. Adjacent stages are thus supplied ping voltage on Q, occurs approxi- 1B, and the lower end of the diode with stepping voltages of opposite mately when this conducting tran- gate. During turn-off, the potential polarity. sistor has depleted the charge on across diode D. becomes less for In Fig. 2B assume transistor Q, capacitor C, and so assists in cut- the steep portion of the collector is in the transition from conduction ting the transistor abruptly off. waveform of Q, than its cut-off to nonconduction. The collector The positive swing of the collector value and the gate is therefore potential is rising rapidly from of Q, occurring simultaneously with abruptly cutoff. slightly above zero to B+ and ca- a positive swing of the stepping In optimizing the gate design, pacitor C, is charging towards the voltage at the base of transistor Q. tests were made with the basic collector potential of transistor results in a rapid turn on of tran- four-diode-bridge. Gate offset or The stepping voltage at Q, is swing- sistor Qs. The output waveform error was measured for various ing negative, which aids in turn- appearing at the collector of each values of gate current for input ing-off Q1. Charging current from stage is a negative square-topped signal levels of 0 to 5 volts and over capacitor C, causes transistor pulse. temperatures from —20 C to 80 C. to go into conduction and holds it To start the first stage of the The IN456 silicon diode was there. The stepping voltage at Q„ ring counter and to ensure that the selected for gate usage because of is swinging positive to speed up stepping voltage is phased cor- its low back current characteristics the turning on of Q„. The diode rectly, a 10 pps start-pulse is de- (maximum of 0.025 1,2 at —25 connected between base and emit- rived from the same clock that sup- and 25 C. These tests showed that ter of each transistor clamps the plies the reference frequency for gate offset variation with tempera- base potential at —0.5 volt with driving the static inverter. ture was minimum when the current supplied to the gate lay in the region 0.75 to 1.5 ma. By matching diodes the maximum gate offset can be kept within ±--1 millivolt for the temperature and input signal range. Figure 3 shows the working model of the multiplexer. Silicon transistors are used in the gates because of their superior performance at high temperatures. Pack- aging design is partially complete.

GATES Prototypes of printed circuit boards and potted modules of the

OTHER individual gates have been built. 150 CPS

FROM 28 According to preliminary estimates PCM

TIMING TO the multiplexer including the float- ru ing voltage source should occupy less than 50 cubic inches. The transformer is by far the largest component in the multiplexer. Higher sampling rates have not been attempted. However, the device should operate equally well at 10 or more times the present rate. The size can also be reduced since

IN753A !N7494 the inverter transformer can be smaller at the higher frequency. In applications where the unit is not required to operate above normal room temperatures, cheaper TO EVEN GATES germanium transistors may be substituted for silicon. For low-level signal applications, FIG. 3—Portion of final circuit shows two gate-switching-stages, with a a transistor gate might be substi- transistor from each, Qi and Q!, doubling as ring counter elements tuted for the four-diode bridge.

October 6, 1961 70 Cardiac Pacemaker Triggers Heartbeats

Two-transistor unit

produces triggering pulses

that stimulate heatbeats

during surgery to insure

even circulation of blood

Pacemaker circuit incorporates neon indicator to give visual indication of stimulation rate. Potentiometer provides amplitude control of output

By W. E. GILSON activating a flashing neon lamp. biased into conduction. Until this H. F. KLINGE, Test runs show that the pace- time, the Q2 has not conducted be- University of Wisconsin Medical School, maker operates for about aweek on cause it is not forward biased. Madison. Wisconsin and GME. When the Q, conducts, the current Middleton, Wisconsin one small battery. Measurements, including the battery, are 3 x 4 X flows through both its emitter-col- THE MAIN DESIGN requirement of 10 cm, and weight is 155 grams. lector circuit and the base-emitter this instrument was to provide a It can thus be conveniently carried circuit of the Q2,causing Q. to con- cardiac pacemaker that used inter- by or attached to an experimental duct. Voltage drop across R, pro- nal body-connections and was suffi- animal. vides the output pulse. At the same ciently simple to be built by any- The output pulse is 4 millisec- time, C, is charged, with the posi- one with a modicum of electronic onds in duration, with an 8 volt tive end of the battery effectively skill. The cost of the parts is low peak that sends a current of 16 ma connected to point A by the low —about $10 at a minimum, and into a 500-ohm load. conducting-resistance of Q.. The around $18 with a miniature out- When the battery is connected capacitor is charged through the put control and transformer for (see illustration), transistor Q, is base-emitter circuit of Qi,holding this transistor on. When the base current of the Q, is sufficiently low (due to C, becoming charged) the collector current of Q, drops, reducing base current of Q.. This ac- WHAT A CARDIAC PACEMAKER DOES tion is regenerative and both Q1 The pacemaker delivers electrical pulses to the heart so that heartbeats and Q. are rapidly turned off. The continue at their »normal steady rate independently of erratic or defective charging period is then ended. natural hearbeat stimuli. Cardiac pacemakers are carried by persons Charge on capacitor C, is dissi- whose hearts cannot be relied on to beat normally without external assis- pated through R„ R„ R. and R„ the tance in much the same way as hearing-aids are carried by the hard-of- rate being determined mainly by hearing. They are also used in the operating theater during surgery where R,. The 1N34A diode prevents leak- they maintain steady circulation where the heart responds leu effectively age of the charge through the base to its natural drive-pulses. of Q,. When the capacitor is dis- The pacemaker described is a free-running relaxation oscillator that charged sufficiently, the cycle is re- delivers 4 millisecond pulses to the heart—to which it is directly connected peated. Repetition rate is deter- by steel electrodes. It was designed for surgery rather than everyday ap- mined by C, and Ri, the pulse length plication. Pulses at normal heartbeat frequency from the pacemaker cause by C„ R., R., and by the internal muscle contractions that trigger the heart more reliably than natural resistance of Q,. Resistor R, may be stimuli, especially when the heart itself is being worked upon variable when a change in repetition rate is desirable.

811 electronic's SAME HIGH ACCURACY OVER ENTIRE LOG RITHMIC VOLTAGE SCALE

A.C. VOLTS 3 4 -01 1111111111111111111//1/////ge 00* 44,4 BALLANTINE .111111.111111/1184 %OW0 8 10 /2 /4 lee

/6 w DECIBELS • ELECTRONIC a[1:4 CALLA INC LABORATORIES.INC. VOLTMETERS

AC/DC Calibrators, Capacitance Meter, A' Amplifiers, DC/AC Inverters, AC/DC Converters, and Accessories to -xtend Voltage Range from 10 Microvolts to 28,000 Volts. Laboratory Stan arcls for Voltages to 1,000 MC.

n, N. J., subject to change without notice. Available in Cabinet and Rack Models. Prices F.O.B. Boont

ELECTRONIC VOLTMETERS

FREQUENCY VOLTAGE INPUT MODEL ACCURACY PRICE RANGE RANGE IMPEDANCE

300 10 cps-150 kc 1 mV-100 V 0.5 Pk2 shunted by 2% $220 30 pF ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT 2Mu shunted by 2% $255 3000 10 cps-250 kc I mV -I000 V 15 to 25 pF DECADE AMPLIFIER Model 220C 2 Mà) stohu3notepdF by 300E 30 cps-100 kc 300 AV-300 V 2% $260 Battery-operated amplifier, 10x or 100x; 10 cps-150 kc; 5 PA0 input; 2% accuracy. $115 CALIBRATOR, Precision de and ac 2Mu shunted by 10 1%mV-250 20 cps-20 V• 2%kc. 1 $315 300G 10 cps-250 kc 1 mV-1000 V to 25 pF Model 420 elsewhere' Provides precise output, rms, peak-to-peak, or dc, from 0-10 V; accuracy 1/4% with cal. chart. $365 302C 2Mu shunted by 10 3%5 cps-100 kc; 5% $255 CAPACITANCE METER, Direct-reading Battery 2cps-150 kc 100 AV-1000 V to 25 pF elsewhere Operated Model 520 Direct-reading of capacitance 0.01 pF to 12 NF; accuracy 2% 2% sine waves, 20 above 0.1 pF. $335 5cps-500 kc sine cps-200 kc; 4% 305A 1 mV-1000 V INVERTER, Sensitive de to ac waves. Pulses Peak or Peak-to- 2 Mu shunted by 5 elsewhere; 3% Peak Model 700 0.5 Asup, and Peak to 15 pF pulses above 3As 5415 Inverts dc as low as 10 µV and up to 100 V, to ac tob3e5 Reading 5pps up and 100 pps; up to 5% elsewhere measured on any of VTVM's listed. $365 CONVERTER, Linear ac to dc 100 AV-100 V 10 cps-2 Mc, 5 Model 710 ) Down to 40 2 Mu shunted by 9 3%15 cps-1 Mc • 5% 310A cps-4 Mc as a $25° Converts ac to dc linearly over each decade, 1 mV-1000 V; null detector AV as null to 19 pF elsewhere ' 30 cps-250 kc; accuracy 1/4 % 50 cps-10 kc, V2% 30 cps-50 kc, detector) 1% above 50 kc. $450 11 Mu shunted by 8 1 mV-1000 V 314 pF with probe, or 1 3% 15 cps-3 Mc; 5% $300 1100 pV-1 mV Wide 15 cps -6 Mc Mu shunted by 25 elsewhere Band without probe) pF without probe LABORATORY STANDARDS 0.05 cps-30 kc; 10 Mu shunted by 316 0.01 cps with 0.02 V-200 V 3% $330 Infrasonic corrections Peak-to-Peak 17 to 40 pF A-T VOLTMETER supplied Model 390 10 Mc to 1000 MC; as laboratory standard for high voltage. 10 Mu shunted by 7 NBS calibration not included in price. 317 pF with probe; 2 2% 20 cps-2 Mc $495 Wide 10 cps-11 Mc 300 AV-300 V Mu shunted by 11 4% 10 cps-6 Mc with 14-F TRANSFER VOLTMETER Band to 24 pF without 6% 10 cps-11 Mc probe Model 393 probe 25 cps to 30 Mc; a transfer device for accurate measurement of voltages or calibration of voltmeters; each probe covers 2 320 to 1 voltage range, 1 V to 50 V. $550 inc. one probe 10 Mt! shunted by 8 3% 15 cps-150 kc; $445 ($100 for each add. probe) True 5cps-500 kc 100 AV-320 V to 18 pF 5% elsewhere RMS MICROPOTENTIOMETER Model 440 350 /14 %0.1V-300V.100 2Mu shunted by 15 0 to 900 Mc; as laboratory standard for 40 µV to 0.33 V. NBS cps-10 kc; /12 % $720 True 50 cps-20 kc 0.1 V-1199.9 V to 45 pF calibration not included .in price. Price includes one resistor- RMS outside these limits thermocouple combination. $250

Write for brochure giving many more details

Slnce 1932 — Boonton, New Jersey BALLANTINE LABORATORIES, Inc. Phone: DEerfield 4-1432 TWX: BONTN 831

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 81 ON READER SERVICE CARD 81 ELECTRONICS REFERENCE SHEET

6 4

10 e 6 4

MILLIAMPERES 1.0 e 6 4

2 COLLECTOR 0.1 - e— s— 4

2 468 0. 2 4 6 8,.0 2 4 (A) COLLECTOR VOLTS Presenting transistor characteristics on log-log paper encompasses wide operational range

LOG-LOG PRESENTATION OF Transistor Characteristics

By J. ADAMS, the scale provides greater detail the log-log scale from linear Semiconductor And Materials Division, RCA. for useful areas of operation plots of the characteristics. The Somerville. New Jersey than the comparatively small 1,000-ohm diagonal guide is A SINGLE GRAPH having logarith- low-current low-voltage areas of then constructed by drawing a mic scales for both current and the linear plots. In linear plots, straight line through the decade voltage, such as the log-log the saturation curve is a nearly points at which the collector graph of transistor collector vertical straight line from which voltage divided by the collector characteristics shown in (A) it is difficult to obtain accurate current equals 1,000 ohms. For presents more of the useful op- readings, while the region from example, V, = 0.1, /, = 0.1 and erating range in one comprehen- zero current level, the first step Ve = 10, /, = 10. The hyper- sive plot than three or more of base current, shows little in- bolic load curve is then obtained conventional graphs. As shown formation. by transferring a linear load line in (B), the superimposed linear The log-log plot shows the point-by-point from a linear graphs that present transistor beta linearity over the total cur- graph to the log-log graph. collector characteristics for dif- rent range by a logarithmic The load curve and the di- ferent applications often have spacing of the base current agonal guide (which passes overlapping areas. steps. Because of these continu- through the center of the curve) For example, mesa and planar ous plots of current, the calcula- may then be traced on a sheet transistors have low leakage cur- tion of beta linearity from a of clear plastic and used as a rents and high breakdown volt- log-log plot is easier than the standard load line. For exam- ages that permit operation at conventional correlation of three ple, when the center of the currents ranging from a few mi- linear graphs. standard curve is shifted along croamperes to hundreds of mil- Since the load lines of log-log the 1,000-ohm diagonal guide, a liamperes over a wide voltage plots are a family of hyperbolic family of parallel load curves range; logarithmic scales make it curves (just as the load lines of 1,000-ohm resistive value is possible to extend both current on linear plots are all straight obtained. When the curve is cen- and voltage scales to include lines), a standard load-line hp- tered on a similarly constructed the entire operating range of perbola traced on a clear plastic 10,000-ohm diagonal guide by such transistors. template can be made to repre- aligning the diagonal guide and Although the log-log plot, (B), sent any load curve on the graph. the line through the center of does not include a zero point on The collector characteristics the curve on the template, resis- either scale, the lowest decade of of the transistor are plotted on tive values are 10,000 ohms.

82 electronics Data loss due to drop- outs is eliminated in FM predetection recording- reproducing by Mincom's new, exclusive Tracklok This is because, for the first time in the field of instrumentation, the Tracklok makes possible redundant FM data recording at the carrier level. In any desired FM or PM-type carrier system, data loss is eliminated by

a 99% skew reduction; existing skew of ±0.3 /Ls for

example, is effectively reduced to ±0.003 /is, areduc- tion of 100 to 1.

The Tracklok

Completely Compatible: The new Tracklok is designed to improve the predetection performance of Mincom's 1-mc Series CM-100 Instrumentation Recorder/ Re- producer (which now, on special order, performs to 1.5 mc at 120 ips). Tracklok can be incorporated into all existing Series CM -100 systems, since it is compatible with CM-100 or any comparable recorder- reproducer in the standard IF carrier frequencies. CKLOK

Reliable Simplicity: The same reliability that has been typical of Mincom's instrumentation systems for years Shown here with the Mincom has been built into Tracklok. Series CM-100 1.5-mc Instrumentation Recorder/Reproducer, a standard auxiliary rack houses (from the top down) an oscilloscope monitor unit, the new Tracklok, and a demodulator.

MINCOM DIVISION 3r11 MINNESOTA MINING E mANUFACTURING CO.

2049 SO. BARRINGTON AVE., LOS ANGELES 25, CALIFORNIA •529 PENN BLDG., 425 13th ST. N.W., WASHINGTON 4, D.C.

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 83 ON READER SERVICE CARD 83 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Retaining Linearity in Demodulator Filters

By D. FRANKLIN, E.M.I. Electronics Ltd. Hayes, Middlesex, England

OUT ADDITION of a diode and a current (A) generator to keep it conducting can eliminate a source of nonlinearity in some demodulators using low- (A) pass filters. The circuit modifications overcome the effects of energy storage in the filter. In several types of data transmission systems, intelligence is con- T tained in the power of incoming pulse trains. Examples include pulse-duration and pulse-rate modulation systems. Sometimes frequency-modulated carriers are also converted into pulse trains in which pulse rate contains the information. FIG. 1—Stored charge in low-pass FIG. 2—Zero output for unmodu- Data can be recovered from these filter (A) can be removed by diode lated carrier frequency can be ob- (B) which is kept conducting by systems with a low-pass filter, tained from on-off switch (A) application of voltage —IR at (C) and magnetic switching circuit (B) which rejects frequency components higher than the upper frequency limit of the information. However, charging effects resulting arity. Incorporating a linear am- the source in addition to the cur- from reactance of the filter can plifier between the switch and the rent provided to develop voltage at cause a loss of linearity in the de- filter would provide constant source the filter input. It is therefore de- modulated output. impedance, but the advantages of sirable to provide current I at a A method for compensating this using switches as circuit elements place in the circuit where it is not effect can be demonstrated by a would be sacrificed. added to the pulse current in the linear frequency discriminator for When the switch is closed, source filter. an f-m carrier. An electronic impedance to the filter is essentially With frequency-modulated sig- switching device, such as a mono- zero. It could also be made zero nals, it is often necessary to make stable multivibrator or a square- when the switch is open if another output voltage zero when carrier loop magnetic switching element, switch contact were to connect the frequency is not modulated. This can produce a pulse of constant am- switch contact arm to ground when can be accomplished with the cir- plitude and duration for each cycle the switch is off. However, elec- cuit in Fig. 2A in which voltage of input signal. A low-pass filter tronic switches other than on-off to be switched and voltage —IR after the switch should average types can be inconvenient, but the are both provided by zener diodes. current so that it is a linear func- alternate arrangement in Fig. 1B Potentiometer R, establishes the op- tion of input pulse repetition fre- can be used with an on-off switch. erating voltage level of the circuit. quency. It provides an alternate current If magnetic flux switching is An on-off electronic switch fol- path through the diode, which is used, only the zener diode providing lowed by a filter can be represented kept conducting by the bias current voltage —IR is required and the as in Fig. IA. When the switch source. circuit in Fig. 2B can be used. Po- is closed, the shunt capacitors are Current I must exceed the maxi- tentiometer R, mechanically linked charged. When the switch is opened mum discharge current that would to R, limits demand on the power again, voltage across the filter input flow in a grounded off switch con- supply. However R2 can be replaced does not return to zero immediately tact to ensure that the diode con- with a fixed resistor if the range because of the time required for ducts when the switch is open. Ad- of R, is restricted. the stored charge to be dissipated ding a current source in parallel By limiting the core flux in each in the load. with load R is equivalent to return- direction, voltage from the output This difficulty would disappear if ing R to a voltage of —IR, as shown winding is equal during both halves variations in impedance at the in Fig. IC. of a cycle and must be suppressed switch output were of negligible When the switch is closed, bias during one half cycle with a series duration, which would ensure line- current I must be provided from diode. Although current may flow

84 electronics power supplies take good care of themselves and your load SM GROUP REGULATION: 0.1% or 0.01% RIPPLE:

3/12 " PANEL HEIGHT

0.1% DC OUTPUT 0.01% Inherent overload protection: REGULATION RANGE REGULATION MODELS VOLTS AMPS MODELS Special power-limiting transformers permit output SM 14-7MX SM 14-7M 0-14 0-7 to be shorted without damage to supply. SM 36-5M 0-36 0-5 SM 36-5MX SM 75-2M 0-75 0-2 SM 75-2MX 2-way overtemperature protection: SM 160-1M 0-160 0-1 SM 160-1MX SM 325-0.5M 0-325 0-0.5 SM 325-0.5MX Forced-convection system insures efficient heat transfer; lateral air flow permits units to be stacked 5 /14 " PANEL HEIGHT without mutual over-heating. SM 14-15M 0-14 0-15 SM 14-15MX In the event of excessive ambient temperatures a SM 36-10M 0-36 0-10 SM 36-10MX thermal-sensing relay circuit automatically turns SM 75-5M 0-75 0-5 SM 75-5MX SM 160-2M 0-160 0-2 SM 160-2MX power "off." SM 325-1M 0-325 0-1 SM 325-1MX Output overvoltage/undervoltage protection: 8/34 " PANEL HEIGHT Kepco VIP load-protection accessories (available SM 14-30M 0-14 0-30 SM 14-30MX on special order) provide fast, critical, fully auto- 0-36 0-15 SM 36-15MX SM-36-15M matic protection forvoltage/current-sensitive loads. SM 75-8M 0-75 0-8 SM 75-8MX SM 160-4M 0-160 0-4 SM 160-4MX Triggering level tracks output voltage setting, main- SM 325-2M 0-325 0-2 SM 325-2MX taining continuous protection without readjustment.

POWER SUPPLY 6 3 12 D-C VOUS 15

L 514./4-711 SEMI. C.:s2o4 INPUT 10% 125V 60 CYCLES

SM 147M FOR DETAILED ------SPECIFICATIONS ON MORE THAN 175 STANDARD MODEL 111K p POWER SUPPLIES, SEND FOR 131-48 SANFORD AVENUE, FLUSHING 52, N. Y. KEPCO CATALOG B-611 Area Code 212 IN 1-7000 •TWX #NY4-5196

CIRCLE 85 ON READER SERVICE CARD 85 October 6, 1961 in the diode and the output winding during a part of the cycle, circuit operation is not adversely affected.

Time of Acceleration Is Measured by Sensor

By FRED W. KEAR Lytle Corp., Albuquerque, N. M.

DURATION of acceleration in a par- SIGMA DEVELOPS ticular direction is measured by PRECISE NEW DEVICES an acceleration-sensing system that FOR CONTROLLING provides signals at the beginning and end of acceleration. It is used TEMPERATURES for environmental tests in which systems or devices must withstand specified levels of acceleration for required periods of time. Acceleration in more than one direction can be measured without interrupting tests if the sensor, which is attached to the device We've had any number of people call us ing to temperature unbalance be- under test, is rotated to the cor- up and ask what we might have at area- tween a pair of thermocouples. rectly identified positions. The ac- sonable price that would dependably and Turning off aircraft de-icing sys- celeration-sensing system is also repeatedly turn on a light or a motor or tems after ice is removed, to con- used for tests of small experimental something else, in response to fraction-of- fine re-formation of ice to the rockets and linear accelerometers. a-degree temperature changes. Confident- wing areas where de-icing equip- The acceleration-sensitive switch ly, we have said we had just such a ment is located. in Fig. 1 can switch a counter on package in one of our magnetic amplifier relays. Enough of these applications have Maintaining stable temperatures and off at the required times. now had ahappy ending (Sigma magnetic in delay lines. The unbalanced mass is mounted amplifier controls designed into custom- Operating servo motors and in- on a lever that is supported on a ers' products) that we thought some of dicating lights in outdoor nweather leaf spring. The position of the them deserved mention, as a possible reporting" billboards. mass along the lever can be ad- source of helpful ideas to other people justed by a knurled thumbscrew. who have similar problems. (Altruism is In many cases standard Series 8000 60- Mass can be added by attaching it our Standard Company Policy, 59.2.26.) cycle units, with SPDT relays for 1 or 5 to the original mass with screws. amp loads, have been used directly; in Sigma Thermistor Temperature Controls others, we've supplied the Controls with are now: special enclosures, with related items such — — Precisely sensing and controlling as sensing elements, lights, meters, etc., or temperatures in surgical proce- with other variations in "packaging." dures where the patient's blood Other Sigma Magnetic Amplifier Relays temperature is rapidly lowered are available for 60-cycle operation on and later slowly and accurately signals as small as 0.02 microwatt, and for returned to normal. 400-cycle sources on 0.2 microwatt signals. Even though we're pushing temperature — — Controlling within ±0.5 °C refrig- this month, these devices are also very erating systems for cooling high- handy for monitoring and controlling ra- speed laboratory centrifuges. diation, light level, pressure, line voltage, FIG. 1—Acceleration that moves ("Package" supplied by Sigma vacuum and such. They all have aquality mass downward operates arming consists of Magnetic Amplifier switch, which returns to original of workmanship equal to or better than Relay, regulated DC supply, sen- position when acceleration stops the best hot water bottle or pitchfork you sor probe, set potentiometer and can buy. Bulletins on request. temperature indicating meter.)

— — Detecting air in the coolant of SWITCH RECORDER atomic liquid pumps, by respond-

START SLIP STOP COUNTER SIGMA RINGS GROUND FIG. 2—Switch output applied gence-m2%. EiTiz311,1aV-T MC UM WIC° Z13 E through centrifuge slip rings is in- 62 PEARL ST.. SO. BRAINTREE 8.5. MASS. dicated on counter and recorded

86 CIRCLE 86 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics If acceleration is in a direction that results in moving the mass downward in the figure, the mass- arm assembly forces the arming switch against its stop. The arming switch is held at this position by a spring-loaded cam. When acceleration stops, the spring-mounted arm assembly returns, which opens the arming switch again. The arming switch is made of an insulating material of very low density to reduce inertia. If a heavier metallic switch were used, its greater inertia would oppose movement of the lever arm. The insulating material also provides d-c isolation of the start acceleration and stop acceleration signals. Metallic strips are mounted on the actuating arms of the arming switch, and threaded holes are provided so that the signal leads can be attached with screws. The opposite ends of the leads are connected to press-fit terminals that make the signals accessible from outside the switch case. When the acceleration-sensing switch is used in environmental tests using a rotating centrifuge, it is attached to the device under test. The signal terminals are connected to the centrifuge slip rings as shown in Fig. 2. When acceleration in the direc- In Trio Labs' new Standard Laboratory tion of the axis of interest starts, the arming switch provides a start AC VTVM ... the signal circuits are acceleration signal that triggers the start circuits of the counter. Simi- isolated from case and power larly, the stop acceleration signal stops the counter when acceleration stops. The duration of acceleration circuits, to provide is indicated on the counter and a • floating measurements previously impractical permanent record of the time is • accurate voltage measurements to 5 cps erd provided by the recorder. • shock safety: case isolated from circuit under test Time delays of the start acceleration and stop acceleration signals The new Model 109-2 has 12 voltage ranges calibrated to RMS are made adjustable for measuring value of asine wave: 0.001 to 300 VAC full scale, with frequency acceleration time for small experi- range of 5-200,000 cps. Accuracy is -_2% full scale. Can mental rockets and linear accel- measure accurately to 20 microvolts. Input impedance 10 erometers. Using adjustable contacts on the arms of the arming megohms. Low distortion amplifier output voltage can be exter- switch enables both of these time nally shorted without internal damage. Power: 105-125 VAC, delays to be adjusted. In environ- 50-420 cps, 25 watts. Price: $220.00 ments where an acceleration field is in the opposite direction to switch For free 36-page Engineering Guide, write to Dept. E- 10 sensitivity, a small negator spring is attached to the lever arm as- .. . Precision electronic jnstrunifts for measurement and control. sembly to cancel the opposing field. The lever arm had to be isolated TRIO LABORATORIES, INC. electrically from ground in many Plainview, Long Island, New York switch applications, such as pro- OVerbrook 1-0400 •TWX HKVL 1166 viding data for telemetering, firing es. Inc. asquib or controlling atransmitter. Export Dept (MEG. 127 Grace St PlaIrmew, N.Y.

87 October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 87 ON READER SERVICE CARD COMPONEN1S AND MATERIALS

New Ceramic Vacuum Capacitors A GROWING MARKET for new types unit withstood vibration of 20 G's of vacuum capacitors with im- at frequencies ranging from 5 to proved reliability, longer life, and 2,000 cps. greater resistance to shock and There is also a direct improve- vibration has prompted Jennings ment in heat tolerance; ceramic Radio Mfg. Co., San Jose, Calif. to units can operate at 250 deg F, turn to ceramics for the answer. while highest ambient heat level Jennings will soon put eight ce- for a glass capacitor is 180 F. ramic vacuum capacitor configura- Although the ceramic capacitor tions—four fixed and four variable was not designed for improved per- —on the market alongside its es- formance, primarily, company en- tablished line of glass housed units. gineers discovered early that some Military requirements for small, palpable operational bonuses would high-powered radio transmitters, accrue. tough enough to withstand difficult Because the most economical assignments, are a prime impetus shape of a ceramic housing unit is to development of tougher compo- cylindrical, a component is neces- Some of the forthcoming line of ce- nents. And looming more in the fu- sarily produced with a relatively ramic vacuum capacitors. Unit at left ture are a variety of space applica- clean angle at top and bottom of the is variable, next three are fixed. Large tions which put a premium on housing. It is thus possible to lo- unit on right is original experimental toughness and long life. cate the unit's concentric, cylindri- component which proved feasiblility of Use of ceramic housing upgrades cal capacitance plates closer to the the process capacitor strength on all these inside wall of the housing; this counts, both directly and indirectly. in turn means that more plates can in effect, will be sacrificed for In preliminary tests, a prototype be crammed into the same size ca- greater capacitance when needed, ceramic unit withstood 80 G's of pacitor, theoretically making pos- however. shock for 11 milliseconds—twice sible a greater number of plates, Initial tests rated on ceramic the shock resistant ability of a but they will be of shorter length. capacitor at 45 amps, in the 25-35 glass housed unit. And the same This means that added capacitance, kv range, at 180 deg F. A compara-

LIQUID helium cryostat with elec- Materials Research at Brown Univ. tromagnet, in laboratory of R. W. Morse of Brown's physics department, is but one tool used to study the electronic properties of metals. The operator is Arthur Myers, visiting research associate from the University of Leeds, England. The recent $3.5 million Pentagon grant to Brown for materials in- vestigation was the largest single grant awarded among five universities. Brown scientists already have won distinction in contributing new techniques, flowing from atomic discoveries, for testing crystalline solids, metals, plastics and other substances. Brown's intention of keeping a prudent balance between the hu- manities and the sciences is shown by a recent $7.5 million award from the Ford Foundation for the pur- suit of excellence in educating the whole man. Brown will draw on its alumni and the community to help it raise $15 million in matching funds.

88 electronics NEW 4-TRACE

PREAMPLIFIER TYPE M PLUG-IN UNIT FOUR-TRACE PREAME VOUS/CM MODE

0.611é ADJ. DC •Al. A e for Tektronix Oscilloscopes that accept letter-series plug-in units

TYPE M UNIT Seventeenth in the letter-series of plug- CHARACTERISTICS in units, the new Type M Unit adds multiple-trace displays Operating Modes—Any combination of one to four to the wide range of applications possible with your Tek- channels electronically switched—at the end of each tronix oscilloscope. sweep or at afree-running rate of about 1mc (1 µsec With a Type M Unit, you can observe up to four signals—either sepa- width samples). Or each channel separately. Channel rately, or in any combination. Sensitivity-20 mv/cm to 10 v/cm in 9calibrated steps. Continuously variable uncalibrated between steps, Independent controls for each amplifier channel permit you to position, and to 25 v/cm. Channel A Signal—available on front attenuate, invert input signals as desired. panel for optimum triggering in some applications. Other convenient preamplifier features—such as triggered or free- Frequency Response and Risetime—With Type 540- running electronic switching ... ac-coupling or dc-coupling ... and, after Series and Type 550-Series Oscilloscopes dc to 20 initial hookup, little or no cable switching—ideally suit the new Type M mc, 17 nsec. With Type 531A, 533A, 535A Oscillo- Unit for multiple-trace presentations in the laboratory or in the field. scopes dc to 14 mc, 25 nsec. Constant Input Impe- dance—at all attenuator settings. For more information about this new 4-Trace Pre- Type M Plug-in Unit $455.00 amplifier, please call your Tektronix Field Engineer. f.o.b. factory

Tektronix, Inc. P. 0. BOX 500 •BEAVERTON, OREGON / Mitchell 4-0161 •TWX — BEAV 311 •cable: TEKTRONIX

TEKTRONIX FIELD OFFICES: Albuquerque, N. Mex. • Atlanta, Ga. • Baltimore (Towson) Md. • Boston (Lexington) Mass. •Buffalo, N.Y. •Chicago (Park Ridge) ill. •Cleveland, Ohio •Dallas, Texas •Dayton, Ohio Denver. Colo. • Detrolt (Lathrup VtIlage) Nile. • Endicott (Endwell) N.Y. • Greensboro, NC. • Houston. Texas • Indianapolis, Ind. • Kansas City (Mission) Kan. • Los Angeles. Calif. Area (East Los Angeles Encino •West Los Angeles) •Minneapolls. Minn. •Montreal, Quebec, Canada •New York City Area (Albertson, L.I., N.Y. •Stamford, Conn. •Union. N.J.) •Orlando. Fla. •Philadelphia. Pa. •Phoenix (Sco(tsdale) Ariz. Port:and. Oreg. •Poughkeepsie, N.Y. •San Diego. Calif. •San Francisco, Calif. Area (Lafayette, Palo Alto) •Seattle. Wash. •Syracuse, N.Y. •Toronto (Willowdale) Ont.. Canada •Washington, D.C. (Annandale. Va.). ENGINEERING REPRESENTATIVES: Kentron Haeval, Ltd., Honolulu, Hava,:. Tektrono, Is represented In toventy,five overseas cour't'es by qual,f,ed englneering orgaruzahons. European and African countries, the countries of Lebanon and Turkey, please contact TEKTRONIX INTERNATIONAL A.G., Terrassenweg 1A, Zug. Switzerland, for the name of your local engineering representative. Other Oversees areas, please write or cable directly to Tektronix, Inc., International Marketing Department, P. 0. Box 500, Beaverton, Oregon, U.S.A. Cable: TEKTRONIX.

SEE THE M UNIT AND OTHER NEW TEKTRONIX INSTRUMENTS AT NEC, BOOTHS 503,507

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 89 ON READER SERVICE CARD 89 ble glass unit rated 40 amps, in the TYPE " 20-30 kv range, at the same tem- - • F-20 111Ze \el C. perature. The degree of higher capacitance MINIATURE MOLDED OXIDE RESISTORS made possible by higher ambient temperature of the ceramic units has been ascertained so far as that capacitance shift against temperature change will be less than with a glass unit. Higher vacuums are possible because ceramics have greater out- gassing properties than glass— that is—they give up trapped air molecules more readily under the Allied in heat of manufacture. ONE Although the bonding of ceramic to copper presented some formid- RESISTOR able process problems at first, Jen- for the nings engineers later concluded that a powerful ceramic-to-copper FIRST TIME

• RELIABILITY

RUGGEDNESS

STABILITY

e SMALL SIZE

• ECONOMY IN PRICE

Robert W. Hansen, Jennings product engineer, demonstrates how copper subassembly and ceramic housing (on which bonding surfaces have been metalized) are put together in a bak- RELIABILITY — Failure rate is better than one per ten million ing cylinder prior to brazing hours. STABILITY — Under full load, the stability is better than 2% after 10,000 hours. Subsequent rate of change will not exceed 0.1% per thousand hours. bond was no more difficult to TEMP. COEF. — Will not exceed -± 0.05% per °C. achieve than a glass-to-copper NOISE — Less than 0.5 uV/V applied. bond. In fact, once the key process TOLERANCE — All MIL R- 11C values at -± 5%. —metallizing the ceramic surface SIZE — Same as the Mil Type RC2 O. to be bonded—was solved, the man- SPECIFICATION — Exceeds materially Mil -R - 1 I. ufacturing procedure turned out to PRICE as compelling as the performance and related to 5% be simpler in many ways than carbon composition resistors. working with glass. A physical expansion joint is utilized for the bond, the copper

Mil Rated Minimum Maximum Dialetric flange of the anode joined to the Type Voltage Resistance Resistance Strength metallized ceramic surface by brazing. An additional ring of ceramic V2 watt 10 Ohms 1000 Volts is brazed to the outer edge of the For complete data and specifications write to copper flange for added structural strength. The same type of oven is used for For further information write for data sheet W-1014. the ceramic-to-copper braze as for 3355 EDGECLIFFE TERRACE, CLEVELAND 11, OHIO the copper-to-copper brazing oper- Factories in Canada and England ation, earlier in the manufacturing

90 CIRCLE 90 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics With weight on top, unit is fed into oven, where it brazes for 45 min. Mov- ing belt automatically deposits completed unit at other end of oven. Evacuation is next

process, in which concentric capacitor plates are fixed into position. The former operation requires higher temperature and increased atmospheres in the oven. however. Relatively simple brazing operation-45 minutes in an oven, un- watched—contrasts sharply with the complex series of operations necessary to construct and affix PLEASE glass envelopes. Workers must carefully fire a DON'T glass bead to the metal surface to be joined, then a second worker takes over and fires the glass hous- SWALLOW ing to the bead, being careful not to destroy the original glass-to- OUR copper bond. There are, however, some disad- vantages to using ceramic housing. MOTOR The cylindrical forms, which are AT'S HIDING BEHIND THE meets all mil specs...temp. made to precise specs, must be or- ASPIRIN. Actually, we set out range —54 to +125°C...vi- dered well in advance. User is of to build an easy-to-read tiny bration to 2000 cps at 20 G... necessity limited to fixed sizes and timer...but we first had to choice of two ranges (hours shapes, which in turn limits the build an aspirin-sized motor to to 9999, tenths to 999.9)... scope of designs available. With drive it.This assignment might power input .5 watt, max. In glass, it is possible to design cus- have been aheadache for a fact, the complete data out- tom units in virtually any size or weighs the equipment. Send shap2. sorcerer, but A. W. Haydon for our heavyweight literature And because ceramic does not did it. And there is something give, metal parts must be built to magical about these micro- on the 19200 ETI right now. much closer tolerances than were miniature elapsed time indi- Electrical or electronic, previously necessary. cators and companion the A. W. Haydon Company Indirectly tied to introduction of events counters. • This digi- works wonders in time. For ceramic design, but there by virtue tal elapsed time indicator has electronic requirements call of expected rougher handling in many outstanding features: Culver City. For electro- store for the new units, a special size is only 1/2"square x11(6" mechanical devices call mounting ring is built in. long...weight .75 ounce... on our wizards in Waterbury. New mounting ring also makes the units less subject to shock and vibration, once installed. AYDON Price of the new components is expected to be the same as that of COMPANY comparable glass-housed units. 235 NORTH ELM STREET, WATERBURY 20, CONNECTICUT

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 91 ON READER SERVICE CARD 91 PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES

2 MICRON RULED GRATING

LI X UNDER TEST

APERTURE SLIT

A.AAN ,\ SIGNAL SIGNAL FROM FROM GRATING SLIT

ELECTRONIC RECORDER COMPUTER (A)

e HELIX UNDER TEST Microdeviometer checks twt helixes quickly and accurately e+1 +I -I +2 -2 -I 0 -I -I 0 +2 le I I I I Il'itti• riIl >III-a STANDARD OF COMPARISON

SIGNAL Testing Traveling-Wave

OUTPUT Li Tube Helixes Microdeviometer (A) uses light and ruled gratings to check twt helixes. Turn spacing deviations from standard produce positive or negative output signals (B) By C. W. COMOH, Western Electric Co., New York, N. Y.

HELIX PRECISION must be high in cept is shown in the drawing. A grating also assures accuracy. If traveling-wave tubes if amplifica- mechanical-optical system scans the both gratings were ruled at two tion is to be free of distortion. helix while generating a precise microns, they would have to pass Turn-to-turn deviation must be lim- measuring scale. The electronic within a few microns of each other ited to a few ten-thousandths of an system receives and computes the to prevent diffraction effects from inch and the helix must be free of measuring information and records washing out the desired light modu- measurable repeated error. Minute the deviation of each turn from a lation. imperfections, especially periodic preselected ideal position. Carriage movement is kept free errors, are a principal source of in- The helix and the diffraction of jitter by pulling it along pre- ternal signal reflection. Internal grating—ruled at two microns— cision ways with a weight and pul- reflections are chiefly responsible are mounted on a movable carriage. ley acting against the restraining for poor performance. Variations Each of these are scanned by a force of a metered hydraulic sys- in pitch of helical windings for fixed optical system. The slotted tem. Maximum operating speed is traveling-wave tubes can be meas- aperture plate is mounted in the determined by the rate the com- ured with a microdeviometerl with microscope's focal plane. As the puter can accept information from greater speed and accuracy than shadow-edge of a helix turn moves the diffraction grating. with other precision techniques. across the slit, a rapid light-to-dark The strip chart photo shows typ- Helices and helix assemblies can be transition causes a corresponding completely evaluated within five change in the photocell's output minutes. The location of turns, in current. This electrical informa- helices up to six inches long, can tion is fed to the computer with be measured within one micron similar information from the pho- (0.000039 inch). tocell viewing the gratings. Western Electric's microdeviom- Gratings are ruled with extreme T it-qq.0!tki eter is a refinement, compatible precision to obtain one-micron with production requirements, of measuring accuracy. Superimpos- an instrument developed by Bell ing the magnified image of a two- Deviation plot of unacceptable Laboratories. The measuring con- micron grating on the 70-micron (top) and acceptable twt helixes

electronics 92 --mitikearà ref.--ie. - 1 see ap, "1

MODEL P-‘25

Aro und

the MODEL FL-202-1 W orld t S KE W f..sge - e-111-

MODEL VO -38

MODEL TR-B

4 11:› MODEL TR-C Mb KYORITSU ELECTRICAL INST. WORKS, LTD No. 120, Nakane-cho, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Cable Address: "KYORITSUKEIKI TOKYO" Tel: (717) 0131-5

CIRCLE 204 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Seen Built-In Read-Out

the new These neons tell what's inside. On the module shown, they indicate the count in a4-stage bcd counter. They are an integra] part of Navcor digital systems modules. Every flip-flop—wheth- IDEA er in acounter, shift register, or control gate—has one. Notice the pushbutton, also. You can use it to operate the counter one step at atime, and check each step on the neon indicators. INDEX Navcor lights and pushbuttons make avery real difference. To quote one user, "The indicating lights on the flip-flop cards and registers were extremely useful. They saved at least half the normal checkout time."

IN EBG? Data on modules or consultation on complete special-purpose digital systems on request. Navcor, Valley Forge

The INDEX to the editorial articles in electronics magazine, Industrial Park, Norristown, Pa. GLendale 2-6531.. 4670#e) previously published annually in a December issue, now appears ONLY in the EBG. Another original EBG idea that saves time and trouble for users! Keep your EBG copy on your desk!

EXTRA! Also in the EBG are condensed ABSTRACTS of all the editorial feature articles which have appeared to date in 1961. Another reason why EBG is used more by all four — men in research, design, production and management. Transistorized Digital Systems Modules and Special-Purpose Digital Systems McGraw-Hill Publication, -fiPP 'ele:;: 330 West 42nd St, New York 36, N. Y. See us at NEC, Booth 726

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 93 ON READER SERVICE CARD 93 ical microdeviometer measurement records. One chart indicates periodic errors that make that helix unacceptable; other chart show an accurately wound helix. Each small chart division represents a one- micron deviation from perfect pitch.

REFERENCE (1) H. T. Closson, W. E. Danielson and R. J. Nielsen, Automatic Measurement of Small Deviations in Periodic Structures, Bell Telephone System Technical Publica- tions, Feb., 1959.

. Simple Parts Molded Cheaper Improved precision molding techniques that permit large reductions in the cost of parts molded from Mycalex or Supramica have been developed by Mycalex Corp. of America. Savings on some parts run as high as 84 percent. The techniques can be employed with Mycalex 410 glass-bonded mica and Supramica 555, 560 and 620 "BB" ceramoplastics. These materials

TIA

Just as the name implies, the UA-300 Power Writer is apower writing tool. are suitable for producing such di- It's a pencil styled, air-activated tool for inscribing, coding. labeling or electric parts as relay spacers and motor end-plates. Parts with a marking all types of materials such as hard and soft metals, plastics, small amount of contouring, or ceramics and glass. Almost yibrationlee, the tool produces readable marks with small male or female excur- down to ie. It operates on aline pressure of 40 to 100 psi. No valves or sions in topology, can also be produced. regulators needed. Each unit is equipped with an 8 ft. air hose. Anyone Complex and involute shapes who can handle apiece of chalk or pencil can write on metal or other hard such as coil forms require the older and more complicated molding surfaces with this new tool. Write for price and complete information. method, as do most parts into which metal members must be

UTICA DROP FORGE & TOOL DIVISION KELSEY -HAYES COMPANY, UTICA 4, NEW YORK molded. Material characteristics of reliability, dielectric strength, low loss, mechanical strength, thermal endurance and dimensional stability are unchanged in the new tech-

94 CIRCLE 94 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics niques. Some of the shapes that can be produced are shown.

Wire Spool Labels Pressure-sensitive wire spool labels have been specially developed by Avery Label Co. for Western Elec- tric, service organization for the Bell Telephone Co. The labels are fed through ahigh-speed data processing system where the information for making up wire spools is stored. Information on footage, job number, and similar data is on punch cards, and this is trans-

Produces more...more accurately ferred to the labels by a high-speed The No. 108 Coil Winder printer. The Tabulabels then go to the wire department, which cuts the wire, winds it on spools, and Quick set ups...30-coil simultaneous winding capac- fixes the labels to the spools. The advantage of the technique is that ity (short or long runs )...finger tip control...make the information can be put on the labels automatically, rather than the LEESONA No. 108 today's most productive by individual typing or stamping. semi-automatic coil winder. Versatile — handles wire from No. 19 to No. 44 (B & S) and finer. Modern design eliminates operator fatigue. Solder Suction Cup Write LEESONA CORPORATION, P.O. Box 6088, Providence 4, Rhode Island.

Attachment for soldering guns, made by Cyclops Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich., sucks away old solder from printed circuit board terminals during repairs. As a tubular tip melts the solder, the operator squeezes a bulb to transfer the molten solder into a porcelain cup. The tube can be removed to empty solder from the cup

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 95 ON READER SERVICE CARD 95 volts output without amplification, N E with 10 volts d-c excitation. Operat- ing temperature is from —65 to 250 F. Instruments are suited for flight test instrumentation, vibra- New On The Market tion surveys, drop and shock tests, fatigue studies, and flight recorders. Light, focused upon an area of photoresistive semiconductor ma- erial, is modulated by mass displacement resulting from acceleration. Delivery within 30 days, from Data Sensors Inc., 13112 Crenshaw Blvd., Gardena, Calif. CIRCLE 303 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Two Image Orthicons FIBER-OPTIC FACE

TWO IMAGE ORTHICONS with fiber- optic face plates have been developed by the General Electric Co., Schenectady 5, N.Y. Face plates up to 3 inches in diameter are available. Both tubes use a thin-film VLF Inductance Bridge target of magnesium oxide, and FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS produce clear pictures at light levels below 10 foot-candles. Type ZL- TRANSISTORIZED, high sensitivity, dependent parameters require very 7809 has an S-10 photo surface that low noise vif mutual inductance low frequencies. The signal gen- peaks at 4,500 angstroms; ZL-7810 bridge for measuring susceptibility erator can be tuned to either 17 or uses an S-20 photo surface peaking of paramagnetic materials at cryo- 155 cycles, with provision for quad- at 4,250 angstroms. The tubes can genic temperatures is introduced by rature component compensation. be built with spectral sensitivity Cryotronics, Inc., 191 Mill Lane, Sensitivity is approximately 2x 10' from the ultraviolet to infrared. Mountainside, N.J. The unit can microhenry, with reproducibility CIRCLE 304 ON READER SERVICE CARD also be used for the measurement one part in 1,000. of superconductors where frequency CIRCLE 301 ON READER SERVICE CARD

flection power, making it suitable for transistorized applications. Faceplate is of clear glass and uses an aluminized screen. Anode operates at 8,000 volts. Manufacturer is Westinghouse Electronic Tube Div., P. 0. Box 284, Elmira, N.Y. CIRCLE 302 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Field Effect Transistor DIFFUSED SILICON

DEVELOPMENTAL type TIX 690 field Ruggedized 7-In. CRT effect transistor is an n-channel dif- ELECTROSTATIC FOCUS fused silicon device with dual gate control. The transistor is a high- HIGH-RELIABILITY crt (type WX input-impedance, high-gain unit 4545) is ruggedized 7-inch display for the input stages of audio and tube with electrostatic focus and Linear Accelerometers d-e amplifiers, switching applica- magnetic deflection. When mounted tions, voltage-controlled resistances, PHOTORESISTIVE in a nonamplifying structure, tube age circuits, voltage-controlled band- will exceed MIL-E-5422 paragraph MODELS AH1L and AH2L linear ac- width amplifiers, analog multipliers, 4.2.1.1. The tube has a 70 degree celerometers use photo res istive and other applications. Typical deflection angle and decreased de- principle to produce 5 volts or ±2.5- characteristics are a pinch-off volt-

96 electronics Distributed Constant Lumped Constant Continuously Variable Step-Variable Lumped Constant Adjustable Length Lumped Constant

Whether you need immediate delivery from stock or ... and the conformity with military specifications custom-built designs, JFD has the delay line that pays you expect. off in premium performance. Increasing industry-wide Perhaps this specialized skill and imagination can acceptance is the proof! help solve your delay line problems? Call any one of To start with, JFD designs, develops and delivers the five JFD sales offices or one of the twenty-five sales the delay line you need, when you need it. Highest representatives nearest you for complete technical data. reliability is assured, under your most critical condi- Write today for bulletins 212 or 213A covering our tions, because of JFD's advanced technological know- standard models of Lumped and Distributed Constant how. This capability results in high delay to rise time Delay Lines. ... wide variety of shapes, sizes and mountings... Tapped, Stepped Variable, Lumped Constant and superior temperature stability .... virtually linear phase Continuously Variable Lumped Constant Delay Lines shift over wide band width ... minimu.rn attenuation... can be custom designed to fit your needs, as well as maximum resistance to shock, vibration and humidity filters and pulse forming networks of all types.

JFD ELECTRONICS CORPORATION

Components Division • 6101 16th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York • Phone DEwey 1-1000 • TWX-NY25040

JFD WESTERN JFD MIDWESTERN JFD NEW ENGLAND JFD CANADA P. O. Nos 3416. 7311 Van Nuys Blvd. 6414 W. Higgins Ave., Chicago, Illinois Ruth Drive. Marlboro, Mass. 51 McCormack SL, Toronto, Ontarb, Curds JFD Van Nuys, Celli., Phone: STate 1-3530 Phone: SPring 4-4761 Phone: HUntley 5-7311 Phone: ROger 9-1121 VARIABLE TRIMMER PISTON CAPACITORS • F rxElp METALIZED INDUCTORS • LC TUNERS • DIPLEXERS

FIXED AND VARIABLE. DISTRIBUTED AND LUMPED CONSTANT DELAY LINES • PULSE FORMING NETWORKS

NEC—BOOTH 746 SEE JFD AT THESE SHOWS! NEREM—BOOTH 1602

CIRCLE 97 ON READER SERVICE CARD age of 4v, a drain-to-source voltage Texas Instruments Inc., P.O. Box Ge. Other types have cutoff fre- of 20 v, and a transconductance of 5012, Dallas 22, Tex. quencies from 10 to 60 Gc. Avail- 2,500 micromhos. Unit is available ability in 1 to 4 weeks, from Micro in limited sample quantities from CIRCLE 305 ON READER SERVICE CARD State Electronics Corp., 152 Floral Ave., Murray Hill, N.J. CIRCLE 308 ON READER SERVICE CARD

1.1.2211 POWIP 1,221,A1K24 V, CAR r2.221•.111

•

Power Transistors GERMANIUM UNITS

MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS INC., 5005 E. McDowell Road, Phoenix 8, Ariz., offers a series of eight germanium power transistors Thermoelectric Cooling Unit with junction temperature ratings of 110 C and maximum power dis- FOR DIODES AND TRANSISTORS sipation ratings of 170 w. They FRIGISTOR F-3DC conforms to the watts across a temperature differ- are packaged in the TO-36 (door- component case shape for stud- ence of 0 C; at zero watts load it knob) case. Units are capable of mounted diodes and transistors, will provide a temperature differ- 30 w power dissipation at 95 C thus simplifies application and adds ence of 65 C. Manufacturer is Gen- case temperature. reliability. The cooler consists of eral Thermoelectric Corp., P. 0. Box CIRCLE 309 ON READER SERVICE CARD 3 TE couples. Heat is pumped out 253, Princeton, N.J. and rejected to chassis, fins, or other heat sink. The unit will pump 4.25 CIRCLE 306 ON READER SERVICE CARD SINSLE ASITICN BUTTON STE RAS110/1 U0.1011,-BST1 Corp., Erie, Pa, are available in

444Cie 0.1.••••••... 1•• temperature ratings to 125 C, are .....30•4 %FAA priced from $.60 to $12.50. CIRCLE 307 ON READER SERVICE CARD 44)

Í2-1 4

et.."ss"ie'a

Line of UHF Filters 100 TO 2,000 MC

LINE OF THREE-TERMINAL, high frequency, low pass filters are designed to eliminate parallel resonance GaAs Varactors 30 VOLTS, ONE WATT peaks in the uhf range of 100 to Button Stem Machine 2,000 Mc. Filters exceed the per- HIGH FREQUENCY gallium arsenide SINGLE POSITION formance of a theoretical 1,000 pf varactors with a 30 volt working EISLER ENGINEERING CO., INC., 750 capacitor in transfer impedance voltage are diffused junction mesa S. 13th St., Newark 3, N. J., an- when measured in accordance with structures in coaxial pin packages. nounces No. 105-BSTI single posi- MIL-STD-220A. Filters use flat They are for use in harmonic gen- tion button stem and wafer mak- temperature characteristic Hi-K erators, r-f limiters, microwave ing machine. Operation: All com- ceramic dielectrics and temperature switches and phase shifters, and ponents, lead wires, exhaust tube stable ferrites, with minimum have a power disposition of 1 watt. and glass cylinders are loaded into change in filtering due to tempera- Types MS-2602 to M6-2606 have lower press die. The preset fire ture. Filtercons, by Erie Resistor cutoff frequencies from 40 to 120 heats glass parts to proper con-

98 electronics • Ultraviolet photodiodes and multipliers • Infrared and visible photo- "bottled engineering" multipliers • Direct view storage tubes

• Electrical read-out storage tube, • Pulsed image tubes and shutter tubes

• Multialkalide cathodes

• Transparent phosphors

• Phototubes for nuclear detection

• High current phototubes and multipliers • Infrared detectors and cryogenics If you require something really special or unique in vacuum tubes, ITT can give you • Infrared to visible image precisely the kind of advanced original thinking and hardware needed to satisfy your converter tubes application. For 20 years our staffs have provided the level of engineering-in-a-bottle • Star tracking photomultipliers which establishes the threshold of knowledge in this field. ITT has created • Image dissector tubes for hundreds of tube types for radiation detection, light amplification, display and for spectrometry many other purposes, including the representative types listed at right. • Image intensifiers and light With this unique facility at your disposal you need not design electronic systems amplifier tubes Oround tube components that only "approach" your needs. You can get exactly the kind of "bottled engineering" required, from ITT. Send your requirements directly to If you design electronic Mr. Dean Davis, Tube Laboratory Manager. systems requiring special , purpose vacuum tubes, a new ITT-developed slide Components and Instrumentation Laboratory chart, "Phosphors and / • RESEARCH Photocathode Character- / istics", will be of :- • DEVELOPMENT interest and value. • PILOT PRODUCTION Send requests to ITT • PRODUCTION Component Sales. t A DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION 3700 EAST PONTIAC STREET • FORT WAYNE, INDIANA CIRCLE 206 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Very Small, Low Noise Mixer -Preamplifier BLOCK VACUUM VALVES BELLOWS SEALED Maximum Flow... Minimum Space... Low Cost

NRC Equipment Corp.'s block valves assure you: Newest in LEL's broad line of mixer-preamplifiers, • Porosity-free body .. machined from sulphur-free solid the XBO-8 combining an Orthomode mixer and a brass. Nuvistor preamplifier provides excellent noise figure, • Freedom from stem leakage small size, very low power drain at lower cost. Other ... positive bellows seal. models are available for operating ranges from 3.95 • Full opening .. . sizes from to 10.5KNIC. 1/4"to 1/12 ". SPECIFICATIONS • Easy mounting. .. available in angle or in-line types — for Gain 22db soldered or screwed connec- IF 30, 60 or 70mcs tions. Bandwidth 12mcs • Low-cost maintenance ... bel- Noise figure Less than 8db lows removable without re- Power +40 VDC at 12ma moving valve from line. • Neoprene disc gasket ... tef- 6.3 VAC at 0.4amp lon, viton or other materials Size 1-7/8" x 1-1/8" x 4" available on request. Weight 10ozs. Material Aluminum, silver plate, rhodium flash

Send for 48 Page Microwave RF/IF Equipment Catalog Write for data sheet on NRC Block Valves, Akron Street 160 Charlemont Street, Dept. 4-H NRC Newton 61, Massachusetts INF./Copiague, L. I., N. Y. EQUIPMENT DEcatur 2-5800 CORPORATION , AMityville 4-2200 A Subsidiary of National Research Corporation CIRCLE 207 ON READER SERVICE CARD October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 99 ON READER SERVICE CARD 99 sistency. Upper press die is low- trol facility, use of standard vhf ered by actuating air control valve. receiving and transmitting anten- Finished stem is removed after ro- nas. Price is $2,100. tation is stopped by action of clutch CIRCLE 312 ON READER SERVICE CARD arrangement. CIRCLE 310 ON READER SERVICE CARD R-F Filters

TELONIC ENGINEERING CORP., Laguna Beach, Calif., offers a series of r-f and microwave filters with hermetically sealed adaptors for miniature connectors. CIRCLE 313 ON READER SERVICE CARD SOLID STATE DIGITAL TIMING PROGRAMMERS Better than 0.1% accuracy under extreme environmental conditions Tempo's all-electronic digital programmers set new high standards of accuracy, ruggedness, and reliability. These versatile programmers are ideally suited to a wide variety of applications, including: missile warhead arming and fuzing controls, spacecraft mission controllers, missile flight programmers, propulsion system controllers, plus other military as well as industrial Antenna Arrays applications. DUAL POLARIZATION

AVIEN, INC., 58-15 Northern Blvd., Woodside 77, N. Y. Series 320 antenna arrays are designed to meet requirements in semi-fixed and mobile tracking and telemetry systems. Designed around the Bogner Induction Generator bipolarized end-fire element mod- CONTINUALLY OPERABLE ules, they provide high gain, multi- INDUCTION HEATING CORP., Brook- octave frequency coverage, excellent FUNCTIONS AND TIMING RANGES lyn, N. Y., has available a 40 Mc Tempo's digital programmers are capable of side lobe control, rapid variation meeting an almost infinite combination of spec- induction generator capable of con- ifications. They are designed to suit particular of beam width and accurate track- system requirements, and are available with tinuous operation at 3 Kw output. combined functions of time delays, signal pulses, ing in a small, light weight, trans- Company engineers have been able output switching, etc. A typical unit may provide portable assembly. a complete timing and control program covering to achieve extremely shallow case more than 5,000 seconds from start. CIRCLE 311 ON READER SERVICE CARD 0.1% ACCURACY depths in hardening steel, and thin Tempo programmers employ a service-proven a solid state circuit design, without any moving materials can be joined with parts. Typical accuracy rating is guaranteed to minimum of power and distortion. within 0.1% or better under extreme environ. mental and operating conditions, including: Unit was built for research in gas Temperature Range. —65°F to 4-165`F Vibration 50 g's at 2000 cps ionization and useful in plasma Shock and Acceleration ...... 100 g's Input Voltage 26.5 vdc torch work. DESIGN VERSATILITY CIRCLE 314 ON READER SERVICE CARD Specific design features and timing programs are virtually unlimited. The number of functions to be controlled is restricted only by the allowable physical size of the unit. Any output or outputs may be set to occur at any given time period, with timing increments as close as 10 microseconds. Functions can be fixed or variable in time from the application of power or from a control signal. BUILT-IN RELIABILITY Basic characteristics of all Tempo programmers, in all applications, are high accuracy, maintenance-free long life, and maximum reliability under extreme environmental conditions. CUSTOM-DESIGN SERVICE Whatever your programmer requirements may be, Tempo's staff of programmer specialist engineers is ready to work with you in developing Translator units to meet your particular systems needs. VHF-TO-VHF Broadband Isolator ADLER ELECTRONICS, INC., 1 LeFevre ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE HIGH POWER Write for Catalog Section C110 Lane, New Rochelle, N.Y. The VST-1 is a vhf-to-vhf translator RANTEC CORP., Calabasas, Calif. for extending tv station coverage Model IS-918 broadband coaxial areas beyond distance and terrain isolator covers the band 2.7 to 3.4 barriers. Designed for unattended Ge with isolation in excess of 20 off-air pickup, it features operation db, insertion loss less than 0.3 db, on any vhf tv channel, 1 w output, vswr 1.25:1 max. Power handling TeMPO INSTRUMBNT INCORPORRTBD Box 338, Hicksville, N.Y. OVerbrook 1-2280 heterodyne conversion, remote con- capability is 150 w average with a

100 CIRCLE 100 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Another in a series of thoughtful observations on the topic of Time 2:1 load vswr. The isolator is less than 3.4 in. long and operates from —55 C to +71 C. CIRCLE 315 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Signal Generator DIRECT READOUT

BABCOCK ELECTRONICS CORP., 164o Monrovia Ave., Costa Mesa, Calif. The BSG-9 is a 406 to 549.5 Mc signal generator that electronically displays generated frequencies in 5-digit direct readout form. It is a self-contained uhf test generator and power supply, and features continuous tuning across the frequency band, generating continuous wave or f-m signals. Accurate to ±0.005 percent, the r-f output signal can be modulated to ±300 Kc by externally generated audio signals within the 300 to 100,000 cps range. CIRCLE 316 ON READER SERVICE CARD love life? Then do not squander Time, for that's the stuff life is made of."

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, American Statesman/Philosopher/Scientist, 1706-1790 Electronic Pyrometer PANEL-MOUNTING

METRONIX, INC., Chesterland, O. Temperatures may be measured TEMPO INSTRUMENT INCORPORATED, HICKSVILLE, L.I., NEW YORK and controlled at distances up to DESIGN AND MANUFAC 'E OF PRECISION ELECTRONIC TIMING DEVICES AND CONTROLS 10,000 ft with the model 600 tran- . sistorized pyrometer. Unit operates on signals from a thermocouple. Because of its high input resistance, it permits use of thermocouples with extremely long lead

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 101 ON READER SERVICE CARD 101 lengths that formerly required much more complex instruments. Chopper stabilized, it requires no zero adjustment after it has been simple, low-cost set at the factory. Price is $300. CIRCLE 317 ON READER SERVICE CARD way to increase D-C Controllers equipment KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, 12415 Eu- clid Ave., Cleveland 6, 0. Millivolt discriminators are designed for automatic testing and process control. CIRCLE 318 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Detector & PHOTOMULTIPLIER

NATIONAL RADIAC, INC., 475 Wash- ington St., Newark 2, N. J. In the series NRM light tight assemblies the scintillating detector is mounted directly to the photomultiplier tube and is hermetically sealed. A magnetic shield encloses the tube and is protected with an aluminum housing. Patented CIRCLE 319 ON READER SERVICE CARD

retrofit with IERC TR Series Heat-dissipating Electronic Tube Volt-Ohmmeter Shields for increased tube life and equipment reliability! J-OMEGA CO., Los Altos, Calif., an- The easiest low-cost answer for increasing electronic equipment nounces a low cost 0.1 percent semi- Mean Time Between Failures is to recognize that 70% digital solid state volt-ohmmeter. CIRCLE 321 ON READER SERVICE CARD of equipment downtime is caused by tube failures! IERC TR shields effectively safeguard tube life up to twelve times longer—automatically eliminate equipment downtime and replacement costs due to tube failures caused by heat. The easy way to meet your MTBF reliability contract requirements is to start with the tubes— it costs so little to make them "TR safe"!

WRITE TODAY FOR IERC TR TECH BULLETIN NO. 1121.

IERC ED 0 0 0 CZ) A-C Capacitors International Electronic Research Corporation SOLID TANTALUM 135 West Magnolia Boulevard, Burbank, California GENERAL INSTRUMENT CORP., 65 Foreign Manufacturers: Europelec, Paris, France. Garrard Mfg. &Eng. Co., Ltd., Swindon, England • Gouverneur St., Newark, N. J.

102 CIRCLE 102 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Continuous duty solid slug tantalum a-c capacitors have been developed. They operate at ambient temperature extremes ranging from — 80 C to -I- 125 C, and will operate as high as 85 C without derating. Units come in 4 case sizes (ranging from 0.155 in. in diameter and 0.600 in. long to 0.350 in. in diameter and 1.600 in. long). Capacitance range is from 1.2 to 170 /if. CIRCLE 322 ON READER SERVICE CARD

P-C Connector

VIKING INDUSTRIES INC., 21343 Ros- coe Blvd., Canoga Park, Calif. Con- nector provides two sets of twin re- ceptacles to accommodate 1 16 in. p-c boards. CIRCLE 323 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Automatic Sorter FOR AXIAL-LEAD UNITS

DEVELOP-AMATIC ENGINEERING, 923 Industrial Ave., Palo Alto, Calif., announces the Test-Amatic, a device for sorting any like axial-lead components according to each unit's electronic value. Operating The diversity of applications for Anelex High Speed speed depends on the type of com- Printers has been limited only by man's ability to devise ponent under test; sorting resistors in standard, sequenced opera- new uses for data processing systems .For more than tion, the Test-Amatic handles twelve years, the most exacting requirements have been 3,396 units per hr, one every 1.06 sec. Price is $1,475. met with standard models from the complete line of CIRCLE 324 ON READER SERVICE CARD Anelex Printers or with ingenious adaptations

by Anelex Engineers.

High Gain Amplifier Further information available upon request

HEWLETT-PACKARD co., 1501 Page ANELEX CORPORATION Mill Road, Palo Alto, Calif. Plug-in amplifier combines high common 156 Causeway Street, Boston 14, Massachusetts

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 103 ON READER SERVICE CARD 103 mode rejection with 5 mv/cm sensitivity and low drift. NOW... CIRCLE 325 ON READER SERVICE CARD

YOU CAN ORDER ALL YOUR

MAGNETIC SERVO AMPLIFIER W m a im

CONTROL SHIFT TECHNOLOGY CO REGISTERS

PREDESIGNED OR CUSTOMIZED Servo Amplifier FROM GENERAL ELECTRIC TRANSISTORIZED

General Electric offers a series of magnetic Shift Registers for the exacting CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CO., INC., requirements of every advanced computer and data processing system. These 41-16 29th St., Long Island City 1, rugged, encapsulated modular units are available in three distinct designs, or N. Y. Model 930 will drive 3.5 w can be custom-built to your specifications. servo motors from low level 400 cps signals at ambient temperature of OUR SHIFT REGISTERS GIVE YOU... — 55 C to 125 C. It features 250,000 ohm input impedance, 3.5 w output, • Reduced size and weight gain of 8,000, and 125 C operation. • High reliability It will withstand MIL-E-5272 en- • Stable operation over wide temperature ranges vi ronmentals. CIRCLE 326 ON READER SERVICE CARD • Low peak and average shift-pulse power

VOLTAGE CONTROLLED UNIT D-C Supply

... offering shift speeds to 700 KC's for printed wire- ALFRED ELECTRONICS, 897 Commer- board mounting, G-E voltage-controlled shift register cial St., Palo Alto, Calif. Current elements are characterized by their high reliability regulated supply powers focusing and tolerance to wide variations in the shift pulse solenoids for microwave tubes. width. CIRCLE 327 ON READER SERVICE CARD

SERIAL DRIVEN, GATED TRANSFER

... combines the advantages of low shift-pulse power requirements with the reliability feature of tolerance to wide variations in shift pulse width and amplitude. .standard serial-driven, gated-transfer shift registers are available in designs to 500 KC's. Specially wafered, multi-bit models, developed by General Electric for maximum miniaturization, provide a new in-line stacked arrangement and can be obtained Power Modules in multiples of up to 25 bits. HIGHLY REGULATED

SERIAL DRIVEN, CORE DIODE CALIFORNIA MAGNETIC CONTROL CORP., 11922 Valerio St., N. Holly- . . . ideally suited to diverse applications where, wood, Calif. Series 5VT modular because of low speeds or relatively low duty factors, power supplies, designed to mount shift pulse power requirements are not excessive. in customer equipment, deliver 150 Operational to 100 KC's, each of General Electric's to 425 y d-e, at 100 to 400 ma. Out- three core-diode models offers a simplified circuitry put regulation is 0.05 percent, line design, packaged for ready adaptability to compact and load. Units feature less than and flexible mounting arrangements. 170-11 1 mv ripple, with either output terminal grounded or with both termi- For additional data on G-E shift register and other nals floating. specialized electronic devices, write to: Information CIRCLE 328 ON READER SERVICE CARD Services, 300 S. Geddes Street, Syracuse, New York

DEFENSE SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT A Department of the Defense Electronics Division Multipole Couplers GENERAL ELECTRIC SPERRY MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS CO., Clearwater, Fla. Series of Micro-

104 CIRCLE 104 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics line precision multihole couplers is characterized by flatness of cou- D-C POWER SUPPLIES pling and high directivity over "SPECTRO" broad frequency ranges. CIRCLE 329 ON READER SERVICE CARD Current Regulated, Transistorized for every Scientific Research need

Grinder & Polisher BUILDING BLOCK DESIGN TC100-E TC200-5

GEOSCIENCE INSTRUMENTS CORP., 142 Whether your current regulated power supply requirement is Maiden Lane, New York 38, N. Y., in the 40V, 100V or 200V range, one of these Spectromagnetic announces the UNI-POL machine for fine lapping and polishing of Industries units can do the job, and hold regulation to 0.1%, 0.01% semiconductor materials. It incor- or 0.001% as required. (Any of the three series can also be had porates an 80-1,200 rpm variable voltage regulated to the same degree of regulation if you prefer.) speed control with a powerful semiconductor safeTcircuit h-p d-c Max. D.C. Output- Max. D.C. The newest addition to the fam- motor providing a constant torque Model Current Output- Number (Amperes) Voltage Input ily is the TCV40 series. This unit at all loads. It is vibration and rollout resistant. Pan, lap, polish- 40 VOLT SERIES can be used as acurrent regulated ing wheel and cover can be changed TC40-5 5 40 115vSP or voltage regulated supply at the 40 115vSP as one unit in seconds. TC40-10 10 turn of aswitch. Current regulation TC40-15 15 40 115vSP CIRCLE 330 ON READER SERVICE CARD TC40-30 30 40 115vSP is held to 0.02%, or voltage regulation is held to 0.01% as you re- TCV 40 VOLT SERIES quire. Available for rack mounting TCV40-5 5 40 115vSP Regulated Supply TCV40-10 10 40 115vSP or in cabinet as illustrated, this new TCV40-15 15 40 115vSP unit displays all the attention to PERKIN ELECTRONICS CORP., 345 TCV40-30 30 40 115vSP quality and detail that you have Kansas St., El Segundo, Calif. HIGH CURRENT SERIES Heavy-current silicon rectifier come to expect from all Spectro- TC100-C 50 100 220v3p magnetic Industries equipment. power supply has a dynamic load TC100-D 100 100 220v3p regulation of ±- 6 v. TC100-E 125 100 220v3p All Spectromagnetic Industries CIRCLE 331 ON READER SERVICE CARD TC100-F 150 100 220v3p TC100-G 200 100 220v3p power supplies are conservatively rated, and contain many features 200 VOLT SERIES developed by our engineers while TC200-5 5 200 115vSP TC200-10 10 200 115vSP working out special problems. TC200-15 15 200 220vSP TC200-30 30 200 220vSP

SPECTROMAGNETIC INDUSTRIES P.O. Box 3306, Hayward, California If your application needs Gentlemen: Please send me literature on E 40 Volt Series O TCV40 Volt Series a modification of one of High Current Series 0 200 Volt Series our standard units, or a Name completely custom piece Organization of equipment, please de- Address Memory Device tail your requirements in City and State SERIAL TYPE a letter. Position ANDERSEN LABORATORIES, INC., 501 New Park Ave., West Hartford 10, Conn., announces a transistorized SF'ECTROMAGNETIC INDUSTRIES serial type memory device. Utili- zing a quartz delay line, this device P. 0. Box 3306 • Hayward, California • Telephone SU 2-1300 stores 65 bits of information at a

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 105 ON READER SERVICE CARD 105 10 Mc counting rate with an access time of less than 4 ii.sec. It may DESIGNED TO MEET THE replace other components now used HIGH PURITY CHALLENGE OF ENVIRONMENT in digital computers which are substantially larger in size and cost. CIRCLE 332 ON READER SERVICE CARD METALS

AND Dual Polarized Horns ELECTRONIC

ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC., Hingham, Mass., offers a line of dual polar- MATERIALS ized horns in all standard waveguide sizes from WR-430 through METALS AND ALLOYS WR-2300. CIRCLE 333 ON READER SERVICE CARD ALUMINUM ANTIMONY Connectors ARSENIC BISMUTH

Strength ...Endurance ... Survi ability CADMIUM GOLD ...The Albatross is well equipped to INDIUM LEAD live at sea and in the air almost continually. Airborne missiles, too, are SILVER TIN ZINC designed for capable operation under rigorous environmental conditions. High purity alloys are made That is why Anton Series S-20 Minia- from these metals to customer ture Connectors by Lionel are specified whenever utmost reliability is essential specifications. for plug-in type sub-assemblies. K-Band Klystron COMPOUND a Positive alignment & polarization EXTREMELY RUGGED • Minimum mated depth SEMICONDUCTORS • Extended insertion/withdrawal RAYTHEON CO., Foundry Ave., Wal- life INDIUM ANTIMONIDE tham 54, Mass. The QKK834 is a • 4sizes: 13 to 41 high voltage Available as crystals, wafers, contacts, 2 & 4coaxial contacts Ka-band klystron for local oscil- & combinations lator-transmitter service in aero- circles, rings and other shapes • Meet applicable MIL Specs space applications. It uses a sap- made to precise tolerances. (Special materials and modifications to meet phire rod for smooth wide-range specific requirements) tunability from 34 to 35.6 Ge, and can be electronically tuned over any STANDARD FORMS 110 Mc portion of its range. Tube INGOTS SHEET requires a resonator voltage of only BARS SHOT 400 v, and has a minimum power output of 10 mw. RODS POWDER CIRCLE 334 ON READER SERVICE CARD RIBBON WIRE

PREFORMS Preforms are available in arange Delivery time slashed for Anton "spe- of sizes and shapes such as cial" connectors! New Lionel tooling discs, dots, washers, squares practices provide rapid delivery of "specials" for unusual applications... and spheres. Enquiries are within 6-8 weeks* of order date! invited on our alloy preforms.

*"Standard" catalog units are in-stock items.

Write Dept. 210-W for Series S-20 CHEMICALS Technical Literature. SALTS SOLUTIONS

Phase Unit HIGHLY ACCURATE COMINCO HEWLETT-PACKARD CO., 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, Calif. Model PRODUCTS INC. 526D phase unit for phase angle measurement with accuracy ap- Electronic Materials Department LIONEL proaching -±- 0.1 deg is designed as 933 West Third Avenue Electronic Laboratories a plug-in for models 524B/C/D Spokane, Washington electronic counters. It equips the FORMERLY ANTON ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES Ph. RI 7-7103 TWX: SP 311 1226 Flushing Ave., Brooklyn 37, N.Y. counter to measure any lead or lag phase angle between two signals in

CIRCLE 208 ON READER SERVICE CARD 106 CIRCLE 106 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics the 1 cps to 20 Ke range. For frequencies from 396 to 404 cps, a X 3600 frequency multiplier provides GUARANTEE readings direct in tenths of degrees. CIRCLE 335 ON READER SERVICE CARD of Qualify This GUDEBROD Lacing Power Supply Modules Tape is Manufactured NJE CORP., 20 Boright Ave., Kenil- under strict Quality worth, N. J. Line of transistor regulated power supply modules Control. Complete test feature remote sensing and remote data is on file for your programming. CIRCLE 336 ON READER SERVICE CARD protection under

Lot #18861 Converter-Voltmeter

HOUSTON INSTRUMENT CORP., P. 0. Box 22234, Houston 27, Texas. Model HVC-30 a-c/d -c converter voltmeter provides 25 izv resolution on lowest scale with 0.5 percent ripple down to 5 cps. CIRCLE 337 ON READER SERVICE CARD THIS SEAL GUARANTEES YOU REAL LACING ECONOMY... increased production with fewer rejects!

Always specify Gudebrod whether you use one spool of lacing tape or thousands because Gudebrod lacing tape is produced under strict quality control. Gudebrod checks and rechecks every lot of tape to insure that it meets the highest standards .. . higher standards than those required to meet MIL-T specifications. Gudebrod helps increase your production because we carefully test, measure and maintain close tolerances on such characteristics as slip resistance, fray resistance, breaking strength, wax content, fungistatic effectiveness. These and other tests assure Pattern Converter you that when Gudebrod lacing tape is used production increases. Knots don't slip .. . DISPLAY TO DIGITAL harnesses stay tied .. . assemblies remain firm .. . there are fewer rejects!

RABINOW ENGINEERING CO., INC., Whatever your lacing needs—Teflon*, dacront glass, nylon, high temperatures, 7212 New Hampshire Ave., Wash- special finishes—Gudebrod makes it or will produce a tape to meet your special requirements. If you want atape to meet 1500°F Gudebrod Experimental Research ington 12, D. C. Converter trans- Project 173 is the answer. If you want atape that meets MIL-T-713A. Gudelace® forms information from a display (Style 18 Natural) is the answer. (map, chart, oscilloscope or graph) into digital X-Y coordinate scan points. Output can be to any con- MAKE THE H-R TEST! Write for samples of Gudelace or other Gudcbrod ventional storage such as punched lacing tapes and have them tested in your harness room. Compare aharness tied with cards, punched paper tape, or mag- a"Quality Controlled" Gudebrod tape and any other tape. This test will convince you netic tape. If required, the equip- that when you specify Gudebrod you specify real economy—increased production ment could be on-line with any with fewer rejects. specified computer. Write for our free Technical Products Data Book. It ex- CIRCLE 338 ON READER SERVICE CARD plains Gudelace and other Gudebrod lacing tapes in detail. *Dupont's TFE fluorocarbon fiber. tDupont's polyester fiber.

Microwave Windows GUDEBROD BROS. SILK CO. , INC. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL CORP., 39 Electronics Division Executive Offices Siding Place, Mahwah, N. J. Ce- 225 West 34th Street 12 South 12th Street ramic microwave windows with New York 1, New York Philadelphia 7, Pa.

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 107 ON READER SERVICE CARD 101 -the ultra, METALS for ELECTRONIC APPLICATION new YOKE! rolled ULTRA THIN by OUR SPECIAL ROLLING

TECHNIQUE PURE IUNGSTEN

iteepeD 1UNGSIEN

STRIps...... ,,

TOLERANCES CLOSER THAN COMMERCIAL STANDARDS Note: for highly engineered applications—strips of TUNGSTEN and some other metals can be supplied

rolled down lo .0003 thic4neii l • Finish: Roll Finish—Black DePfeett • Ribbons may be supplied in Mg. weights By &let) Developed and Manufactured by 3229 BERCENLINE AVE.. UNION CITY, NEW JERSEY Tele: Union City, N. J. UN. 3-1134 MAJOR ADVANCE IN H.0 ROSS CO • N. Y. C., N. Y. BR 9-4425 THE SCIENCE OF CIRCLE 209 ON READER SERVICE CARD ELECTRON BEAM DEFLECTION! SPOT RECOVERY y size panels engraved in your own plant Fastest! to 1p,S SPOT SIZE Smallest — by 25% SPOT SWEEP Straightest * DEFLECTRONS for DISPLAYS Where ordinary precision yokes FAIL to meet your requirements.

Write for NEW "DEFLECTRON" Data and Standard Yoke Catalog. .r- . Engrave 1-inch nameplates or 6-foot panels by unskilled labor.

Spindle covers 18't" x 6" in teltt one set-up — more than any eeffilta«tewe effijei«eele.rf other machine of its kind. .4adenatetied ed. Bench type model I-R- 0685. Send for complete catalog ZR-4 Main Plant: MAHWAH, N. J. DAvis 7-1123 PACIFIC DIV.— UPLAND, CALIF. YUkon 2-0215 DPW herineS ENGRAVING MACHINE CORP. CENTRAL DIV.— LANESBORO, PA. ULYsses 3-3500 154 WEST 14th STREET, NEW YORK 11, N. Y. iN CANADA 359 St. James Street West, Montreal. P.O.

CIRCLE 210 ON READER SERVICE CARD 108 CIRCLE 108 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Imetal window envelopes are pro- ! duced in sizes from 3,/16 in. to 3 in. I MASSA diameter, down to 0.010 in. thick- MASSA ness. CIRCLE 339 ON READER SERVICE CARD

SOUND PRESSURE ACCELEROMETERS MICROPHONES 11111111111 11111111

111111111

111.11111111

Vertical Rack SLOPED FRONT COVER WIDE FREQUENCY EQUIPTO ELECTRONICS CORP., 319 N. PRIMARY AND DYNAMIC RANGES Webster St., Naperville, Ill. Sloped front vertical rack provides easier surveillance of instrumentation in STANDARDS MORE THAN large installations of meters, reg- NOW AVAILABLE FOR AND ulators, scopes and related equip- 10 KC ment where easy read-out is of extreme importance. ROUTINE 200 clb CIRCLE 340 ON READER SERVICE CARD Massa A.D.P. (Ammonium Di-Hydrogen Phos- TESTING phate) Sound Pressure Microphones provide reliable waveform reproductions of broad band Pre-Patch Panel Primarily designed as precision standards, sound such as generated by high intensity acous- Massa A.D.P. (Animonium Di-Hydrogen Phos- tic noise facilities. Frequency responses, which ELECTRONIC ASSOCIATES, INC., Long phate) Crystal Accelerometers never need cali- extend well into the ultrasonic range, make these Branch, N. J. Removable panel bration. Their use in routine vibration instruments ideally suited for steady state high for TR-10 general purpose analog measurements eliminates the acoustical acceler- frequency work or with transients having ex- ometer check prior to the actual test run. This tremely fast rise times. Compact in design, these computers permits problems to be means savings in calibration man-hours amounting microphones make excellent probe elements which programmed in advance. to many times their purchase price. Many Massa fit into tiny circular openings and hard to CIRCLE 341 ON READER SERVICE CARD Accelerometers have been doing this for as long reach spaces. as fifteen years. Each model presenfs near infinite acoustic impedance and makes Only Massa Acceler- ometers use the A.D.P. accurate measurements over wide dynamic and crystal. Precise manufac- frequency ranges under turing techniques make possible full realization practically any acoustic of the uniformity, stabil- environment. Choice of ity and reliability inher- model depends on sen- ent in this exclusive sitivity, ultimate fre- material. quency range and available test space.

Write for Technical Bulletin, VM Write for Technical Bulletin SPM-5

MASSA, 1101/r\SSA Microminiature Lamp 01%/111110PJ 01. 1=1 ,..., 15101, 1 COI. LOW CURRENT DRAIN C011-11LO MINIATURE LAMP ENGINEERING CO., egs.-mc "-ono rs.a S, I••1 'C • leaC. 350 Broadway, New York 13, N. Y., 280 LINCOLN STREET 280 LINCOLN STREET

HINGHAM. MASSACHUSETTS introduces Micro Lamps that op- HINGHAM. MASSACHUSETTS - CIRCLE 211 ON READER SERVICE CARD October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 109 ON READER SERVICE CARD 109 erate on 1.2 or 1.5 v, drawing only 5ma—useful for operation on miniature batteries, or with transistors. The lamps are extremely small, starting with a lamp envelope diameter of 0.0139 in. with alength of 0.138 in. They give a light output of 40 to 45 millilumens, and have a life time of 1,000 hr, minimum. They can serve as indicator lamps, in computer read-out devices, or in photoelectric systems. CIRCLE 342 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Electronic Micrometer

J. W. DICE CO., Englewood, N. J. LARGEST Measuring system displays exact measurements to 10 millionths of NUMERICAL DISPLAY an inch on a 5-digit counter and automatically plots the values on a chart recorder. AVAILABLE CIRCLE 343 ON READER SERVICE CARD WITH KEARFOTT'S DME COUNTER-INDICATOR

With numerals 5/16" in height, this Kearfott unit has a larger, more easily read numerical display than any other DME indicator. This size factor contributes greatly to speed and accuracy in reading, and it provides an added margin of insurance against navigational error. The Kearfott Single DME Counter-Indicator shows distance (in units, tens, and hundreds of nautical miles) from the aircraft to a navigational beacon. A mask with rectangular apertures allows only the significant calibrations to be seen; and when no signal is impressed, a red flag extends across the apertures to prevent reading. The unit is hermetically sealed and is filled with dry inert gas for trouble-free dependability and maximum service life. In addition to the Single DME Counter-Indicator (T8510-11N) shown above, a Dual DME Counter-Indicator (T8511-11N) is Heat Dissipator available which indicates aircraft distance from each of two navigational beacons. The units meet environmental require- USES COOLING LIQUID ments and other applicable portions of RTCA Paper INLAND CERTIFIED ELECTRONICS, 323 100-54/ DO-60. W. Washington Blvd., Pasadena, Calif., announces a thermal syphon for the dissipation of unwanted heat generated by transistors and T8510-11N T8511.11N diodes. It uses a cooling liquid to (SINGLE) (DUAL) remove heat at a more efficient rate ACCURACY Units Drum =.05 mi =.05 mi Tens Drum =1/32 in. =1/64 in. than air-cooled heat sinks. It is Hundreds Drum -- 1/32 in. ±1/64 in. available in any length and includes SPECIFICATIONS SPEED Either Direction 15 mi/sec 15 mi/sec a feature that permits the stacking POWER Rotor Voltage 26 =2v ac, 26 c-2v ac, of multiple units for compactness 400 =10 cps 400 c-2- cps, 1ph Flag Voltage 28 -c2v- dc, 28 ---t2v ac of installation. 0.3 amp max CIRCLE 344 ON READER SERVICE CARD WEIGHT 13/4 lbs 3 lbs Wnte for complete data KEARFOTT DIVISION Base Mount GENERAL PRECISION. INC. ADVANCED VACUUM PRODUCTS, INC., eDD 430 Fairfield Ave., Stamford, Little Falls, New Jersey Conn. Semiconductor base mount consists of a metallized ceramic

110 CIRCLE 110 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics There are persuasive arguments on Now under consideration at Litton: both sides. Eastern proponents of amachine that will accept as inputs diagrams point out that the logical a supply of standard computer interconnections can be seen at a components and a set of coded EAS glance and followed through any specifications defining the logical number of stages by eye. The logical functions desired, and will crank structure of an entire system can be out completely fabricated systems. understood from a diagram more Maybe you think we've loaded the directly and intuitively, they maintain, than from aset of equations. argument in favor of equations. You're right. But we're ready to lis- Es The Western argument for equa- ten to arguments on either side. tions goes like this. It's not true that Drop us a card. Or better still, DIAGRAMS diagrams communicate better to the drop in in person. You'll like the viewer's intuition, except at first vs exposure. The human mind is highly adaptive. After working analytically EQUATIONS with the equations for awhile, the THE COMPUTER'S ANSWER TO A LONG- mind begins to operate intuitively STANDING COMPUTER ISSUE. in that symbology. Then the intrin- For adecade East Coast and West sic superiority of equations over Coast computer designers have diagrams begins to make itself evi- been using different methods of dent. One advantage, say the representing computer logic— the Westerners, is that equations can Easterners with diagrams, the represent the same information Westerners with equations. more compactly and efficiently, as our illustration shows. Another is LBSMI= that equations lend themselves bet- CL>A1 -)(L)cptz ,A(LFclusic) -1-axpo%)(t_xA2)(LFcA*) ter to computer manipulation of +(LyAi/E)(LxA2 ,e)(1-FcA) logical design information. -)-(Lxm)(LxA2.)(L_FcA) ISCAJ-,--- As evidence of the latter advantage (1--)0N()(L)t,A2.) Westerners point to a recent LFCAK = (L)(A *)(1—)

LITTON • SYSTEMS, INC.

A DIVISION OF LITTON INDUSTRIES

DATA HANDLING 8, DISPLAY SYSTEMS • GUIDANCE & CONTROL SYSTEMS • COMPUTER SYSTEMS • SPACE SCIENCE • BICELECTRONICS • ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 111 ON READER SERVICE CARD 111 ULTRA DRY Stromberg- SEMICONDUCTOR Carlson' PRODUCTION RELAYS FACILITIES

Illustrated is one type of an air-tight, coved corner interior, controlled atmosphere, dry box type enclosure for the production of Semiconductors that was designed • et,. and manufactured by »ereeL Kewaunee Scientific Equipment. Dew Ole!» points of —75 ° F. (or better) can be readily maintained within the enclosures.

*The inside dope's "gone fishin' "

For complete informati,:, KEVVAUNEE SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT call or write ADRIAN, K •S • E MICHIGAN

4015 LOGAN STREET CIRCLE 212 ON READER SERVICE CARD iecol

PUTS THE BEST IN micro-miniature Telephone-type CREATIVE ELECTRONICS toggle quality •reliability INTO YOUR HANDS switches durability

TYPE A: general-purpose. Up to 20 Form 021 "A" spring combinations.

TYPE B: gang-type. Up to 60 Form "A" spring combinations.

TYPE BB: up to 100 Form "A" springs. Shown actual size TYPE C: two on one frame. Ideal where DESIGNED FOR space is tight. "LIMITED SPACE" PROBLEMS 5 AMPS @ 115 VAC — and capoble of TYPE E: characteristics of Type A, plus Send for carrying o 100% overloodl universal mounting. Interchangeable with SOLID SILVER — contacts, terminals and other makes. moving partsl Not just platedl Types A, B, and E are available in high. FREE' LONG LIFE RATINGS — over 80,000 operations for this tiny switch! voltage models. Our assembly know-how is Catalog MICRO-MINIATURE — S.P.D.T. is sub. available to guide you in your specific ap- miniaturized to only /12 " x 3/8 " x 28 pages of professional elec- plication. If you desire, we can also provide tronic equipment in kit and wired LARGER QUANTITY PRICES wired mounting assemblies. 1.74 $1.65 $3.15 form—for Lab ...Line . Home 25.90 1.12 1.43 AVAILABLE ON REQUEST Details on request from these Stromberg- 100.499 .99 1.29 In use by over EICO. 3300 N. Blvd.. L.I.C. I, N. Y. E-I0A 500 over 83 108 Carlson offices: Atlanta-750 Ponce de O Send free 32-page catalog 8 dealer's name. 1000 manufacturers Leon Place N.E.; Chicago-564 W. Adams D Send new 36-page Cui to 11141 for which Ienclose 25g for postage & handling. ELECTRONIC Street; Kansas City (Mo.) -2017 Grand Ave. Name PRODUCTS INC. nue; Rochester--1040 University Avenue; Address 3 Wolcott Ave , Lawrence 31, Mass. San Francisco-1805 Rollins Road. City Zone State 4: Color-Codedw Handl e Inser ts is 3300 N. Blvd., L.I.C. 1, N. Y. GENERAL_ 'DYNAMICS COMING eather-Proof Rubber Seals Export Dept., Roburn Agencies SOON • Momentary Toggle Switches I—ECCIMIVIL/N 'CATION 431 Greenwich St., N.Y. 13, N.Y. • Center-Off Toggle Switches CIRCLE 213 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 229 ON READER SERVICE CARD 112 CIRCLE 112 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics wafer or washer in the order of 0.010 in. thick. CIRCLE 345 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Electronic Generator THREE-PHASE

INDUSTRIAL TEST EQUIPMENT CO., 55 E. 11th St., New York 3, N. Y. Model 150-3 has a frequency range of 45 cps to 2,000 cps and a total IN CONNECTORS. output power of 480 v-a. Frequency range is covered on two scales positive contact surfaces on each which provide high resolution and it's the 3 Alden top-connected contact give you: easy setability of any frequency within the range. New techniques a More reliable electrical contact insure accurate 3-phase displace- CONTACT la More secure mechanical grip ment of output over entire fre- III Minimum electrical resistance quency range. Output distortion that counts! and regulation are less than 1 percent. Each lead has individual strain relief because wire is doubled back through CIRCLE 346 ON READER SERVICE CARD contact tab. Punch press contact design permits rapid heat transfer — eliminates unreliable cold solder joints as in screw machine contacts. Danger of insulation pull back is eliminated by bringing wire insulation right into molded clip pocket. Epoxy Resins These unique Alden molding techniques in connector design drastically UNION CARBIDE PLASTICS CO., 270 reduce the number of parts required and make possible multi-contact connectors of amazing basic simplicity and reliability. Park Ave., New York 17, N. Y. Resilient Alden contacts can be included in any type of molded insulation Two new epoxy resins are for fila- for any combination of contacts. Hundreds of standard off-the-shelf designs ment winding systems requiring are quickly available — with or without leads — or as part of unit-molded cables. high tensile elongation and good Our Customer Department will work closely with you on any connecting or handling characteristics. cabling problems. A letter with description or sketch will enable us to provide recommendations or samples at once. CIRCLE 347 ON READER SERVICE CARD

New, flameproof, high voltage First major advance In connector Standard assembled connectors connectors now available in high- reliability since potting offers fool- in non-interchangeable layouts with from density, flame-retardant polyethylene. proof, tamper-proof connections for 2 to II contacts; miniature connectors, Light, compact connectors for applica- trouble-free operation. Alden "IMI" plain or shielded, for carrying power or tions up to 30 KVDC and up to 250° F connectors and cables (wires, contacts, signal; miniature plugs and sockets; without distortion. or other inserts) are integrally molded signal connectors; and CRT connectors in a single hot shot of insulation so that are all available for fast delivery. material forming the connectors and covering the wires forms a single can- Fault Indicator tina ous, bonded insulation. LATCH-IN TYPE

MINNEAPOLIS-HONEYWELL REGULA-

TOR CO., Grenier Field, Manchester, PRODUCTS COMPANY N. H., has developed a miniature 10127 N. MAIN STREET, BROCKTON, MASS.

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 113 ON READER SERVICE CARD 113 magnetic latch-in fault indicator. Now! The disk type flag, which may be Let us color coded or imprinted to desig- show you Kidde "know-how" nate the function being monitored, rotates behind a sector window. how our When unenergized, the flag is mag- delivers precision 1vievall netically held in the "off" position. wire forms When energized, it rotates to the pre-engineered "on" position and is held there mag- CUT netically even if the energizing COSTS! static frequency source is removed. CIRCLE 348 ON READER SERVICE CARD changers with... TERMINAL Shielded Coil Form LEADS FOR RESISTORS, DIODES, •CUSTOM DESIGN CAMBRIDGE TIIERMIONIC CORP., 445 Concord Ave., Cambridge 38, Mass. TRANSISTORS, CAPACITORS, ETC. •LOW COST Double tuned shielded coil form is •FAST DELIVERY suitable for transformer applications that require tuning from both end›. CIRCLE 349 ON READER SERVICE CARD

FOR THE HERMETIC SEAL INDUSTRY

Kidde Electronics Laboratories now offer static frequency changers on a

"custom" basis at lowest cost. Utilizing 49 ase....an dw, the extensive experience gained in the IINMOMri« design and production of working units, Kidde static frequency changers employ any of the three principal de- aulamium sign techniques—intermediate DC link; Vertical Sensing Element phase modulation, straight-through HIGH SENSITIVITY method; and switch modulation, straight-through method. KEARFOTT DIVISION, General Preci- Send a This background of experience with sion, Inc., 1150 McBride Ave., Little these techniques has resulted in cir- sample or blue print cuits which are now available almost Falls, N. J. The C701807000 verti- on an "off the shelf" basis, and can be cal sensing element is a high accu- for estimates. used to produce custom static fre- racy, two-axis, electrical plumb bob. quency changers in minimum time and A frictionless wire-suspended pen- at lowest cost. They are available from dulum acts as the moving portion IOVA to 10 KVA and within the range When Art Wire tackles the lob, big gains in of 50 cps to 3200 cps upward and down- of two orthogonally mounted differ- precision and uniformity are possible on ward. For more information write or ential transformers to provide small components .. . resulting in big sav- call Kidde today. phase sensitivity a-c output signals ings in time and production costs. In addi- Phone: GRegory 2-5000 proportional to the tilt angle. A tion, Art Wire's modern production methods (Area Code 201) typical application is initial align- produce awide variety of components more K idde ment of a gyro platform. economically. Art Wire specializes in wire forms designed lectronics CIRCLE 350 ON READER SERVICE CARD for today's automatic production lines . aboratories manufactured to assure the economy of an Terminal Header uninterrupted work flow. WALTER KIDDE & COMPANY, INC. ACE ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATES, INC., 1050 Brighton Road, Clifton, N. J. ART WIRE AND STAMPING CO. 99 Dover St., Somerville 44, Mass. Static Frequency Changers, Static Inverters, Static 18 Boyden Place, Newark 2, N. J. Converters (DC to DC), Static Power Supplies. Molded plastic terminal header ex- CIRCLE 214 ON READER SERVICE CARD 114 CIRCLE 114 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics tends potentiometer temperature and humidity tolerances. CIRCLE 351 ON READER SERVICE CARD

HICKORY BRAND TEFLON*

Measuring System CRYOGENIC INSULATED TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC., P. 0. Box 6027, IIouston 6, Texas, has developed a low-temperature cryogenic measuring system. It includes a Multi-Conductor germanium thermometer and a special "servo/riter" potentiometric recorder. The thermometer is avail- Cables able in three versions: calibrated, uncalibrated, and standardized. CIRCLE 352 ON READER SERVICE CARD Constructions Coaxial Connectors

GENERAL RADIO CO., West Concord, designed Mass. Type 874 connectors now include locking cable and panel, and to meet your recessed locking panel types. CIRCLE 353 ON READER SERVICE CARD specific requirements

HICKORY BRAND TEFLON*

200 °C HOOK-UP WIRE

Long, continuous lengths! Immediate delivery!

• Type E-600V—Type EE-1000V (meeting all requirements of MIL-W-16878D) • 26 AWG through 16 AWG • Every reel 100% Tank Tested This quality hook-up wire has extruded Teflon* insulation over stranded, silver-coated copper conductor. (260°C Hook-up Wire has nickel-coated copper conductor.) Electronic Voltmeter Basic color-coded insulated wire is available with braided shield or shielded and jacketed with Nylon, PVC, wrapped TFE. 12 RANGES *Reg. DuPont trademark ORION ELECTRONIC CORP., 108 Colum- bus Ave., Tuckahoe, N. Y., introduces an electronic voltmeter with For prompt quotations, call or write its voltage scale calibrated in rms voltage of a pure sine wave. Model HICKORY !BRAND V-100 provides measurements from Electronic Wires and Cables 0.001 to 300 a-c volts over a fre- SUPERIOR CABLE CORPORATION quency range of from 10 cps to 4 P. 0. Box 480-A • Hickory, N. C. Mc. A direct reading of from — 72

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 115 ON READER SERVICE CARD 115 Instant Reset db to + 52 db in 12 ranges pro- Voltage Compensated vides convenient measurements of TIME-SAVING dbm. Vibration Resistant CIRCLE 354 ON READER SERVICE CARD GUIDE FOR... SPECIFYING Inverters NJE CORP., 20 Boright Ave., Kenil- DEFLECTION worth, N. J. Line of d-c to a-c solid state inverters provides input current of any a-c frequency from 50 YOKES to 2,000 cps. CIRCLE 355 ON READER SERVICE CARD 1

Decimal Indicators TRANSISTORIZED

HOWARD INSTRUMENT CO., Red Bank, N. J. The 500 series decimal indicators accepting 0.1 mw binary- coded-decimal input and producing a projection-type decimal display is announced. Available from 3 digits to 6 digits, with parallel or serial Helps speed your project. Eliminates inputs. The projection display pro- confusion in choosing the right yoke. Engineers have saved countless vides in-line numerals in one plane, hours, many dollars and numerous visible at wide angles. headaches by using this simple Guide CIRCLE 356 ON READER SERVICE CARD Sheet For Specifying Deflection Yokes. Offered as a public service to engineers by SYNTRONIC INSTRU- MENTS, INC., YOKE SPECIAL- Mesa Transistors ISTS, the only firm devoted primarily Thermal Time to deflection yoke manufacture; there- MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS fore preeminently qualified to help Delay Relays INC., 5005 E. McDowell Road, you specify the correct yoke for your application. Complete line for every Phoenix 8, Ariz., has available military and special purpose—in pro- Precision-built Curtiss-Wright thermal 1,000-Mc, low-noise epitaxial mesa duction quantities or custom designed time delay relays reset instantly when transistors in four types. to your specific requirement. de-energized — provide the same de- CIRCLE 357 ON READER SERVICE CARD Phone our nearest rep, today for lay period for each succeeding cycle. your Time-Snving Guide Sheet.

Compensated for wide voltage varia- Boston-New Eng.: Stan Pierce, Inc. tions. Available in either 28V DC or Phone: NOrwood 7-3164 115V AC, 60 or 400 cps. Chatter- New York Area: Bressler Associates Phone: N.Y. OXford 5-0255 free operation, under severe shock and Philadelphia Area: Massey Associates vibration conditions. Small sized, her- Phone: MOhawk 4-4200 metically sealed, temperature compen- Wash.-Balt. Area: Massey Associates sated for precise, reliable operation Phone: APpleton 7-1023 Indianapolis: Joe Murphy and long life. Preset time delays from Phone: Victor 6-0359 10 to 180 seconds with SPST, SPDT Los Angeles: Ash M. Wood Co. or DPDT snap action contacts. Phone: CUmberland 3.1201 No Obligation. We are glad to help you. Write for latest complete • components catalog #504

TIME DELAY RELAYS • DELAY LINES • ROTARY Phase Shifter SOLENOIDS • DIGITAL MOTORS • TIMING DEVICES BROADBAND • DUAL RELAYS • SOLID STATE COMPONENTS gvntronic Electronics Division E & M LABORATORIES, 15145 Califa INSTRUMENTS, INC. CURTISS-WRIGFIT CORPORATION St., Van Nuys, Calif. Phase shifter 100 Industrial Road, Addison, Illinois East Paterson, New Jersey covers the 8.5 to 10.2 Ge region, . KIngswood 3-6444

CIRCLE 215 ON READER SERVICE CARD 116 CIRCLE 116 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Stepping Motors

BI-DIRECTIONAL V\" II-. FE HIGH RELIABILITY POSITIVE LOCK

Compact and lightweight Curtiss- Often, in the manufacture of formed Wright bi-directional digital motors index precisely and lock positively be- wire parts it is more economical to tween each angular rotation when conform these parts from wire already verting electrical pulses to mechanical electroplated than it is to plate the motion in missile, aircraft, automation formed pieces after manufacture... and actuation applicatipns. Ruggedly Our facilities for continuous electro- constructed and dynamically balanced plating are regarded as the largest for long life and reliable service under in the field. All our plating is con- severe environmental conditions, shock sistently uniform and well-bonded and vibration. Low power required for to the base wire...Consult us about high speed operation. any specific electroplating problem. Temperature: —65°F to +165° F

Write for latest brochure. Vibration: 20 G's to 500 CPS Shock: 30 G's for 11 milliseconds along each axis SINCE 1901 SIGMUND COHN MFG. CO., INC.

121 SOUTH COLUMBUS AVENUE, MOUNT VERNON, N.Y. Write for latest complete components catalog #502

TIME DELAY RELAYS • DELAY LINES • ROTARY SOLENOIDS • DIGITAL MOTORS • TIMING DEVICES SIGMUND COHN CORP. OF CALIFORNIA • 151C N. Maple St., Burbank, Cal. • DUAL RELAYS • SOLID STATE COMPONENTS ", FACIRCLE 218 ON READER SERVICE CARD Tv'k WITH EECO DUAL-CONTACT SOCKET ADAPTERS FOR RELAYS AND OTHER SOLDER TERMINAL COMPONENTS MOTOR IWIME Now you can halve the time for acceptance .1CT NO. Mine t,_imro' testing or breadboard checking, by using 3WRIGHT P/N IFT.nou EECO socket adapters. End clip lead fum- IIEffliTyra c RE AS-101-11 bling. Dual insulated contacts for each pin 40 eliminate effect of contact resistance in measuring voltage drop. Highest specifica- RTISS- WRI( tions. AS Series adapters $15 plus .50 per pin, substantial price breaks for quantity. Order from more than 50 configurations in catalog or send in your header and request quote at low standard price. SEND FOR CATALOG AS-2

AUTOMATION DIVISION Electronics Division Electronic Engineering Company of California CURTISS-WRIGHT CORPORATION 1601 E. Chestnut Ave. • Santa Ana, Calif. • Kimberly 7-5501 • TWX: S ANA 5263 East Paterson, New Jersey Representative in Western Europe and Israel: Electronic Engineering S.A., C.P. 142, Fribourg, Switzerland EE 1-35 CIRCLE 216 ON READER SERVICE CARD October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 117 ON READER SERVICE CARD 117 AXIAL LEAD NOW . .X BAND NONDEGENERATE COMPONENT USERS PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIERS with a tuning range of 1.1 Ge!

Universal Component Single-knob tuning over a range of 1.1 Gc in Processing Equipment NOW the X band is featured in this nondegenerate INSPECT... parametric amplifier by Texas Instruments Incorporated. Bandwidth is 30 me and gain is COUNT... 15 db. Noise figure, including circulator loss PACKAGE and normal second stage, is 4.5 db. Its broad- Incoming Components band signal frequency response and fixed ettdo,nte.a.utaitti! pump frequency give you dependable opera- Regardless of component type and size tion with a minimum of tuning adjustment.

REDUCE COST OF INCOMING INSPECTION—In- TYPICAL MODEL X-22 sure reliability through rapid practical 100% SERIES SPECIFICATIONS inspection of components. REDUCE COST OF INVENTORY CONTROL—Count Mode of Operation Nondegenerate and package at receiving. Eliminate subsequent Tuning Range 8.5 to 9.6 Gc handling and identification problems. Bandwidth 30 mc Gain 15 db REDUCE COST OF PRODUCTION—Step up efficiency by issuing components to assemblers in Noise Figure 4.5 db (Including circulator convenient ready to go-to-work form. loss and normal REDUCE COST OF REWORK—Assembly manufac- second stage) turing error and installation of faulty com- Pump Frequency 24.0 Gc ponents minimized. Texas Instruments Diode Gallium Arsenide Universal Component Processing Equipment Diode is the standard for lead straightening and Pump Power 50 mw taping of axial lead components for automatic assembly. Virtually every component manufacturer is using it today. Experience For more details about this amplifier or other proves that the equipment will pay for itself Texas Instruments parametric amplifiers op- in a few months! erating at L, S, C, and X bands, contact RA- DEMONSTRATION EASILY ARRANGED DAR AND MICROWAVE PRODUCTS See it at the NEC Show DEPARTMENT. Booth 732 or write IVER SAL APPARATUS DIVISION ll TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION INCORPORATED 6000 LEMNION AVENUE 137 E. Frederick St., Binghamton, N. Y. P. 0. BOX 6015 (DALLAS 22. TEXAS Phone RAymond 2-1244

CIRCLE 219 ON READER SERVICE CARD 118 CIRCLE 118 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics t ee (1/ teihà ai

•4

3O 'itNC. TREFRAL

Reç. (9e 1123 u6' .16 ccfp.3

0 ACADEmIC WILEY Wiley PRESS

eleetronie and cybernetics engineers in a unique role

The engineers and scientists of Aerospace Corporation are in the fore- front of a rapidly advancing state-of-the-art in sensing and information systems. Their unique role: a critical civilian link uniting government and the scientific-industrial team responsible for development of space systems and advanced ballistic missiles. In this mission Aerospace Corporation provides advanced systems analysis and planning, theoretical and experimental research, initial systems engineering, initial technical direction and general technical supervision. Specific areas of interest include inertial and radio guidance, automatic control, communications, instrumentation, space- and ground-based computing, telemetering, tracking, auxiliary power, infrared, television, optics, and photography. Immediate assignments exist for those highly skilled in these specialties and who are knowledgeable in inter-disciplinary problem solving. Men with advanced degrees are urged to contact Mr. Herndon, Aero- space Corporation, Room 110, P.O. Box 95081, Los Angeles 45, Calif.

Organized in the public interest and dedicated to providing objective leadership in the advancement and application of space science and technology for the United States Government. AEROSPACE CORPORATION All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, creed, color or national origin.

October 6. 1961 121 providing in excess of 600 deg phase shift above 9.8 Ge. Drive requirement is 800 ma of d-c cur- DURANT rent, which can be modified for MFG. CO. other current levels and for a-c modulation. The length of 7a in., Specials bandwidth, center frequency, and For RADAR, ELECTRONIC phase shift can also be varied to and INSTRUMENT APPLICATIONS meet specific customer requirements. CIRCLE 358 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Voltage Suppressors

INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER CORP., 233 High speed, non-reset, direct Kansas St., El Segundo, Calif. Klip- reading counter to indicate increment of measurement in Sel voltage surge protectors in- radar navigation instruments crease circuit reliability, lower circuit cost. CIRCLE 359 ON READER SERVICE CARD

High-speed dual bank counter for use in navigating instruments. Shutter operates to close off either bank when in the minus side.

ELECTROMETER

You can measure dc voltage, current, and resistance over 64 ranges with the Keithley 610A Electrometer. Some examples of its extreme versa- Counter assembly component of navigating instrument to indicate tility are voltage measurements of increments of measurement piezo-electric crystals and charged for fast, legible, direct "read-out" capacitors; currents in ion chambers, photocells, and semi-conductors; and Magnetic Modulator resistance measurements of insulation. MINIATURIZED

The input resistance of the 6I0A can TRANSMAGNETICS INC., 40-66 Law- be selected from one ohm to over rence St., Flushing 54, N. Y. Model 10 14 ohms; it checks its own resist- 200 is a lightweight all magnetic ance standards and is a stable dc converter of low level bipolar input preamplifier. Brief specifications are: Special counter for use on Tape Recorder current to proportional phase re- to indicate the position of tape passing • 9 voltage ranges from 0.01 to 100 through the recorder. y full scale, 2% accuracy all ranges. versing 400 cps sinusoidal output, operating from — 55 to + 105 C • current ranges from 3 amperes to 1x 10- 1, ampere full scale with 2 ranges in servo applications in automatic per decade. control systems. Input control cur- • resistance ranges from 10 ohms to 10 ,.. ohms full scale on linear scales. rent range is 0 ±- 250 'La with 0 to • gains to 1000 as a preamplifier, dc 3.5 y 400 cps sinusoidal output. to 500 cos bandwidth, 10 volts and one Hysteresis is less than 0.1 percent, milliampere outputs. linearity better than 2 percent. Direct reading counter for ID accessory probes and test shield navigating and directional instruments facilitate measurements and extend CIRCLE 360 ON READER SERVICE CARD Unit wheel graduations permit upper voltage range to 30 kv. reading of 150,000 increments per minute. • Price, $565.00

Write for complete details Switching Diodes Representatives in Principal Cities WRITE FOR LITERATURE RADIO CORP. OF AMERICA, Somerville, DURANT MANUFACTURING CO. • N. J. Multiple silicon switching diodes housed in a subminiature 1912 N. Buffum St. Milwaukee 1, Wis 12 Thurbers Ave. Providence 5, R. I. JE 7E '7E' I-3E 7E_, Ili] -7e. package promise to simplify com- I IV S 1=2, LJ s puter design and manufacturing while extending performance and I=1 12 41.1 rsELI LIE) OVENJ LIE reliability. COUNTING INSTRUMENTS 4C LEN/ E ILA NJ s cz. t-t c> CIRCLE 361 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 220 ON READER SERVICE CARD 122 CIRCLE 122 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics PRODUCT BRIEFS

VARIABLE R-F ATTENUATORS seven types. Ortho Filter Corp., 7 Pater- son St., Paterson 1, N. J. (362)

CIRCUIT COMPONENT MODULES miniaturized. Control Logic, Inc., 11 Mercer Road, Natick, Mass. (363) ...variations THIN WALL SHELLS non-burn epoxy. on a Cycle Products Co., Inc., 123 Cen- tral Ave., Newark 2, N. J. (364) theme

LOW TEMPERATURE CIRCULATORS ± 0.02 C accurate. Lauda Instru- ments, Inc., P. 0. Box 422, Great Neck, N. Y. (365)

H-V POWER SUPPLY 15 to 40 Kv. BR-12P (cage removed) Spellman High Voltage Co., 1930 Adee Ave., Bronx, N. Y. (366) In one versatile new BR-12 micro-miniature TIME DELAY solid state. Crane Elec- series, Babcock offers relay types suitable to a tronics Co., 4345 Hollister Ave., wide range of novel uses in extreme environments. Santa Barbara, Calif. (367) The BR-12P is an especial boon to those designing RESISTOR NETWORKS lug-type. Reon for both sides of the component card due to low profile Resistor Corp., 155 Saw Mill River and side header mounting arrangement. A second type, Road, Yonkers, N. Y. (368) the BR-12K, provides sensitivity down to 20 mw. Both types POWER SUPPLY transistor regulated. have contacts rated at dry circuit through 3 amps resistive. Transistor Devices Inc., 40 Factory Performance characteristics are generally shared with other St.. Cedar Grove, N. J. (369) types in the BR-12 Series. All are available with activated SHIELDED COIL FORM miniaturized. getter material, providing lifetime prevention of contami- Cambridge Thermionic Corp., Cam- bridge, Mass. (370) nation effects at dry circuit to rated current on contacts. You are invited to request AIRCRAFT CIRCUIT BREAKER high complete technical data. current capacity. Metals & Controls Inc., 34 Forest St., Attleboro, Mass. (371)

BR-121C MATCHING TRANSFORMERS high frequency. Barker & Williamson, Bris- SENSITIVE tol, Pa. (372)

ROTARY SWITCH 16-position, miniature. Janco Corp., 3111 Winona Ave., Burbank, Calif. (373)

PERFORMANCE M CLTITURN POTENTIOMETER With CHARACTERISTICS - BR-12 SERIES arbitrary turns. The Vogue In- Contact Rating: 3 amps resistive g32 VDC Standard strument Corp., 2350 Linden Blvd., Vibration: Minimum 30g to 3000 cps, Brooklyn, N. Y. (374) to 50g on special units. Shock: Standard, 75g or special, 125g. Temperature: —65°C to +125°C GALVANOMETER PROTECTOR prevents Note: All Babcock Relays are checked out for coil burnout. Consolidated Electro- leakage rate of 10 -acc per second dynamics Corp., 360 Sierra Madre on mass spectrometer Villa, Pasadena, Calif. (375) BABCOCK RELAYS, INC. 1645 Babcock Avenue SHAFT-POSITION ENCODERS indu s- Costa Mesa, California trial application. Wayne-George Corp., Boston, Mass. (376)

SEMICONDUCTOR HEAT DISSIPATOR forced air. Vemaline Products Co., Franklin Lakes, N. J. (377)

October 6, 1961 CIRCLE 123 ON READER SERVICE CARD 123 Literature of the Week

PUSHBUTTON SWITCH ASSEMBLIES Micro Switch, Freeport, Ill. Data sheet covers a millisecond-length pulse switch series. (378)

ION GENERATOR Philco Corp., 4700 Wissahickon Ave., Philadel- phia 44, Pa., announces literature describing an ion generator and ion counter. (379)

RESISTORS Key Resistor Corp., 321 W. Redondo Beach Blvd., Gar- dena, Calif. Bulletin lists a line of complete up-to-date precision resistors. (380)

ANECHOIC CHAMBERS Emerson & Cuming, Inc., Canton, Mass. Bro- chure describes 14 microwave ane- development choic chamber designs. (381) CERAMIC DISK CAPACITOR Erie out of Resistor Corp., 644 W. 12th St., Erie, Pa. Bulletinddiscusses Trans. cap, an ultra-hid capacitance ceramic disk capacitor. (382)

IN-LINE BLENDING Potter Aero- nautical Corp., U. S. Route No. 22, Union, N. J. Data sheet SY-2 describes digital and analog blending systems. (383)

TUNING FORK OSCLLATOR Fork Standards, Inc., 1915 N. Harlem Ave., Chicago 35, III. Brochure describes transistorized tuning fork oscillators. (384)

PRECISION GAGES Techni-Rite Electronics, Inc., 63 Centerville Road, Warwick, R. I. Catalog features transistorized, low-cost gag- ing instruments. (385)

SWITCHES & THERMOSTATS Metals & Controls Inc., division of Texas Instruments Inc., 34 Forest St., At- tleboro, Mass. Forty-two Klixon switch packages and thermostat packages are shown in two technical bulletins. (386) THE HOOVER COMPANY NONCORROSIVE GLASS Servo Corp. ELECTRONICS DIVISION of America, 111 New South Road, 110 WEST TIMONIUM ROAD TIMONIUM, MARYLAND Hicksville, L. I., N. Y., offers a folder on Servofrax arsenic trisul- Mail address: Post Office Box 181, Baltimore 3, Maryland 11 fide glass. (387)

SERVO CATALOG Daystrom, Inc., Transicoil Division, Worcester, Pa., has published catalog on servo components and packages. (388)

124 CIRCLE 124 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics ZENER DIODES International Rec- tifier Corp., El Segundo, Calif. Sub- miniature glass silicon Zener diodes The al-new, are covered in a bulletin. (389) FREQUENCY CHANGER Magnetic Research Corp., 3160 W. El Segundo all sold-state Blvd., Hawthorne, Calif. Two-page bulletin describes a 400 cycle solid Philbrick state frequency changer. (390) SEMICONDUCTOR POLISHING Linde Co., 270 Park Ave., New York 17, P2 amplifier N. Y. Technical bulletin describes in detail the production polishing of semiconductors. (391)

RATE TURNTABLE Dunn Engineering Corp., 225 O'Brien Highway, Cam- bridge 41, Mass. Bulletin T900 describes an air bearing turntable for gyro testing. (392) This fully transistorized repeater amplifier, for transmission of voice fre- ULTRASONIC CLEANING PRINCIPLE quencies for telephone line and other Aircraft Porous Media, Inc., 30 Sea NO TUBES. NO CHOPPERS, NOTH- communications applications, is an- ING BUT PERFORMANCE. An Cliff Ave., Glen Cove, N. Y., offers other symbol of HOOVER's surge into ingenious arrangement of all an article entitled "Focused En- industrial electronics. Model DRA-100 solid-state components endows this operational amplifier with ergy Cleans Filters. (393) is an example of HOOVER creativit), the most remarkable and ver- developed in exacting military elec- satile characteristics. Full differ- tronics areas since 1952. ential input: truly floating with CROPPERS Solid State Electron- respect to ground. No common ics Co., 15321 Rayen St., Sepul- mode error. Low input current: A veda, Calif., has available literature typically 10-n amps. Low noise: typically under 10 micro- describing its line of solid state volts in the dc to 1 kc range. electronic choppers. (394) Sub millivolt long term stability: less than 100 microvolts drift SPECIAL PURPOSE TUBES American per day. Cool running: typically under 330 milliwatt dissipation. Elite Inc., 48-50 34th St., Long Wide band pass: typically under Island City, N. Y., offers a 72-page 75 kc as a unity gain follower. manual on a line of Telefunken ompletely transistorized, and inter- High open loop gain: typically ngeable with vacuum tube types of 30,000. Its output delivers 1ma special purpose tubes. (395) at ± 10 volts. The cast alu- aters. Model DRA-100 has at least major, outstanding adsantages: minum housing fits right in DATA TRANSMISSION Lenkurt your hand. aximum power output of +18 dbm Use the P2 for instrumenta- Electric, San Carlos, Calif. Volume tion, analog computation, and 10, No. 8 of The Demodulator cov- aximum gain (+38 to +45 db) other applications requiring ers novel uses of data transmission IN5 distortion (less than lc"( at 10 high reliability and accuracy. in telecommunications. (396) bm output oser entire range) Take advantage of its differential inputs to perform high ow noise (60 dbm or less) impedance operations. COUNTER WITH A MEMORY Its frequency response: + I/2 db, 300 Truly low cost: $210 General Radio Co., W. Concord, to 3500 cps, at outputs from —10 dbm SOLID STATE POWER SUPPLY Mass. Bulletin describes a digital to +10 dbm. Input and output impe- PR 150. For energizing at least time and frequency meter with con- dance: 600 ohms +10'; over operating 10 P2 amplifiers, the PR 150 has frequency range. Temperature range . extremely low noise, drift, and tinuous readout to 10 Mc. (397) —40°C to +55 °C. Power requirements: internal impedance. Regula- either 24 or 48 volts at 40 ma. tion against load, less than 300 MULTIPLE CONNECTORS AMP Inc., microvolts. It provides up to This sums up Model DRA-100 fairl) 150 ma at both plus and tomc Eisenhower Blvd., Harrisburg, Pa., minus 15 volts. Price: has published a folder describing completely. Questions about a wide Please write for further information three lines of multiple connectors, range of applications? For further to: with data sheets for each. (398) information, will you address J. E. Miller. at: POT & SWITCH CTS Corp., Elk- THE HOOVER hart, Ind., has released a data sheet on a step-driven potentiometer and COMPANY ELECTRONI VISION GEORGE A. switch. (399)

PHILBRICK SILICON RECTIFIER General Elec- RESEARCHES, INC. tric Co., W. Genesee St., Auburn, = H r, 127 CLARENDON ST. BOSTON 16. MASS. COMMONWEALTH 6-5375. TWX; BS 1032. FAX; BON N. Y., has published aspecification H 1 REPRESENTATIVES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES sheet on the 1N3289-1N3295 high EXPORT OFFICE; 240 W. 17TH ST.. N. Y. II, N. Y. TEL. CHELSEA 3-5200. CABLE: TRILRUSH current silicon rectifier. (400) CIRCLE 221 ON READER SERVICE CARD October 6, 1 96 1 CIRCLE 125 ON READER SERVICE CARD 125 PEOPLE AND PLANTS many of the recent changes in Chi- cago area electronics. Although the communications-oriented company had evolved into production of a N thousand tv sets a day by early 50's E it abandoned the consumer tv business entirely a few years ago to work with the Air Force on development of Quick Reaction Capability to electronic challenges in the defense program. At least one-sixth of Hallicrafters total dollar sales now come from short-leadtime research under government contract. Integration of Santa Fe University into bidding for an R & D contract for microwave communications through a plasma sheath resulted from one of the company's earlier explorations of electronics university exchange arrangements. An articulate spokesman for a team approach to capturing more prime military awards, Bob Halli- gan believes military electronics— demanding the scientific vitality and aggressiveness that goes with growth and leadership—is a big answer to the current lag in Chi- cago-area electronics. "We're going to need even more Exchange Plan to Expand Midwest R&D team bidding if we're to reverse the flow of our most creative and ELECTRONICS exchange program is crafter's Chicago-based R & D imaginative professional scientific a new attack on the Midwest's most setup, organized last spring, to talent to the coasts," Halligan says. challenging electronics problem an- study ecm, eccm, space and indus- "Give a scientist a real challenge nounced by Hallicrafter's Bob Hal- trial communications, electromedi- and he doesn't care where he works. ligan and the company he heads. cine, education aids and other spe- Coast companies have simply been "We're too widely known as a cial programs. Also Halligan is more aggressive than we, up to now, manufacturing area only," says convinced the time is now ripe for in providing such challenges." Halligan, youthful (35) president development of new markets for Halligan has also suggested po- of Hallicrafters, long a producer short-wave, citizens-band, civil-de- litical action by legislators and co- of short-wave radio equipment. fense, marine and industrial com- ordination by the area's electronics Company has been concentrating munications applications. manufacturers, wherever possible, recent emphasis on R & D as well West Point, Air Force and to pool lab facilities and to prepare as production of military and com- company trained, Halligan was rec- basic information for team bidding munications equipment. ommended for his Hallicrafters and to locate additional plants in Hallicrafters launched its newest presidency by an outside firm of local areas. countermeasure to the area's gen- management consultants engaged to eral occupation with consumer elec- help select a successor for his tronics setting up an exchange of father. William J. Halligan Sr., Company Announces scientists and engineers with the founded the company in 1932 to University of Illinois during the produce radio sets and equipment Change in Name past summer. The effort pins down for radio amateurs. RAYTRON, the trade name introduced possible inputs—from the company Still vitally interested in Chicago at the IRE Show last March by as well as the university—for de- electronics, the senior Halligan— George Rattray & Co., Inc., of velopment of future R & D con- one of more than 100 executive Hicksville, N. Y., manufacturer of tracts. A similar series of explora- members appointed to a mayor's custom-designed precision potenti- tory seminars is being organized committee set up two months ago ometers. has become the nucleus of with Northwestern University sci- to study the area's electronics prob- a new corporate name, Raytron entists and engineers this autumn. lems—recently outlined for the Electronics, Inc. Several other Chicago-area uni- group his company's newest ap- A subsidiary of Instruments for versities are on the agenda for the proaches to revitalizing Chicago Industry, Inc., the company has future. area electronics. been renamed "for closer product M. E. Brasnow, directs Halli- Hallicrafters itself exemplifies identification and tc reflect an ex-

126 electronics Practical r'rooucts tor Creative Engineering

MAKE YOUR CIRCUIT COU TO TE

OAK DECADE SWITCH SECTIONS have been switch types to be used in resistance/capacitance/ designed to fill a need in those applications where inductance decade boxes. It is a single section reliable decade counting is required—computers, switch that not only saves space but also makes process controls, L/C/R decade boxes, lab equip- maximum use oía minimum number of components. ment, and other devices having read-in or read-out If yours is an application that calls for a count - functions. ing 'function, inquire about Oak Decade Switch Although the decade counting function can be Sections. Because of the special nature of these designed into almost any Oak low-power rotary switches, however, please submit details of use switch, Type A, F, and H switches are particularly or number of functions required to the Oak well-adapted to this purpose. Oak engineers have Applications Engineering department for specific developed a special rotor blade design for these recommendations.

Creartvv Eneneeeing • Qualify Componenti

OAK MANUFACTURING CO.

CRYSTAL LAKE, ILLINOIS • Telephone: Crystal Lake, 459-5000 Plants in Crystal Lake, Illinois • Elkhorn, Wisconsin SUBSIDIARIES: OAK ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, Culver City, Calif. • McCOY ELECTRONICS CO., Mr. Holly Springs, Pa.

ROTARY AND PUSHBUTTON SWITCHES • TELEVISION AND FM TUNERS • VIBRATORS

APPLIANCE CONTROLS • ROTARY SOLENOIDS • CHOPPERS • CONTROL ASSEMBLIES

CIRCLE 127 ON READER SERVICE CARD 127 October 6, 1961 pansion of its basic product lines," according to Elston H. Swanson, president of IFI.

Hydro-Aire Hires Stanley Cory

STANLEY A. CORY has been ap- NEW COAXIAL DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS pointed senior engineer in the motor division of Hydro-Aire Co., from 0.3 to 11 kmc; high directivity; coupling variation 0.2 to 0.4 DB maxi- Burbank, Calif. mum; main line VSWR 1.10 to 1.25 maximum; coupling 10 to 30 DB ;forward He will be chiefly responsible for the design of sophisticated power 50 watts to 1kw, 10 kw peak. Send for data on new PRD 430 Series! synchronous rotor and stator assemblies for direct incorporation PRD ELECTRONICS, INC.: 202 Tillary St., in computer memory drum motors. Bklyn. 1, N. Y., ULster 2-6800; 1608 Centinela Ave., Inglewood, These motors are used for both ORegon 8-9048. A Subsidiary of Harris-Intertype Corp. airborne detection systems and for CIRCLE 222 ON READER SERVICE CARD ground support equipment. Cory worked for O'Keefe and Ammon meters reflect careful attention Case sizes conform to ASA /MIL mount- Merritt and for the Bekey Divi- to design criteria, to achieve higher ing dimensions. Aluminum bezel in sion of Genisco, Inc., both of Los standards of performance with crisp new glare-free satin black or other colors. styling. Features include self-shielded Any practical DC range, AC rectifier- Angeles, before joining Hydro- mechanism (not a core magnet) for ex- types including VU. Bulletin on request. Aire. ceptional linearity and accuracy, allow- Ammon Instruments, Inc., 345 Kelley ing magnetic or non-magnetic panel St., Manchester, N. H. mounting ... cluster mounting bezel-to- bezel without interaction .. . negligible effects from stray fields . . . gasket sealed.. .non-magnetic pivots .. . high AMMON torque-to-weight ratio .. . long, easily- INSTRUMENTS, I NC. read scale with distinctive markings.

NEW choice

for Algase Moves Up desigiers At IFI, Inc. LAWRENCE I. ALGASE, chief engineer of Instruments for Industry, Inc., Hicksville, N. Y., has been pro- AM-2* Shown actual size moted to director of engineering. 'Design patent pending He will be in charge of all electronic engineering projects at IFI, an independent developer of electronic countermeasure systems, amplifiers, precision potentiometers and related instruments.

128 CIRCLE 128 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics Lockheed Aircraft Elects Sanders V-P

DAVID F. SANDERS, president of Lockheed Electronics Co. with headquarters in Plainfield, N. J., has been named a vice president of the Lockheed Aircraft Corp. His election followed a merging of the electronics company into the parent corporation to produce a more cohesive relationship between the electronics company and the Lockheed divisions active in varied electronics fields. Sanders continues as president of Lockheed Electronics Co. He will report to D. J. Haughton, executive vice president of the Lockheed Aircraft Corp.

PEOPLE IN BRIEF

Suzanne L Wolfson leaves Philco COMPRESSED TIME...AND A NATION'S NEED Corp. to join the technical staff of Auerbach Electronics Corp. Richard Rabin ex-Ford Instrument The time available between alarm and decision has shrunk to Co., named manager of the mili- minutes. In this compressed time, pertinent information must be tary systems dept. at Epsco, Inc. gathered, transmitted, evaluated and displayed to the commanders George A. Banino moves from ITT through a variety of systems. Federal Laboratories div. to the Design, development and evaluation of such command and con- post of v-p and g-m of the Com- trol systems for the urgent present and the uncertain future is the munications System dept. of ITT- vital function of MITRE. Kellogg. Alfred J. Poté former v-p, Systems such as SAGE, BMEWS, MIDAS, Strategic Air Com- Itek Corp., is elected senior v-p mand and Control System. NORAD Combat Operations Center and others are all within the scope of MITRE'S system integra- and asst. to the president of Page tion work for the Air Force Electronic Systems Division. Communications Engineers, Inc. The job is challenging — the opportunity exists to break out of Richard H. Wilcox, previously with General Dynamics 'Electronics, asingle specialty — the reward is not confined to the financial. appointed asst. to the president of Engineers and scientists interested in the vital field of command P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. John J. and control technology are invited to inquire about openings in:, Connolly promoted to v-p of Litton • SYSTEM ANALYSIS • OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Systems, Inc., and g-m of the Data • COMMUNICATIONS • ADVANCED SYSTEM DESIGN. Systems div. Donald A. Davis ex- • ECONOMICS • MATHEMATICS Cannon Electric Co., takes the new • ECONOMETRICS • COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY post of asst. to the president of • IIUMAN FACTORS • RADAR SYSTEMS AND TECHNIQUES Avnet Electronics Corp. Robert • ANTENNA DESIGN — MICROWAVE COMPONENTS C. Langford, earlier with Day- • AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT strom, Inc., now heads up the new Write in confidence to: Vice President — Technical Operations, Kearfott Research Center. Mar- The Mitre Corporation, P 0. Box 208, WC17 Bedford, Mass. tin-Orlando transfers Robert W. Kluge from director, advanced THE systems, to director, special defense program. Charles E. Brans- comb elevated to systems manager, MITRE control systems, in the General Products div. of IBM Corp. Frank CORPORATION D. Banta, director of program AU qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment management, is elected asst. v-p without regard to race, creed, color or national origin and an officer of General Pre- cision, Inc. littIMAILWM‘‘‘WIlleWM%W.IIIMWOLVMWMWM‘X‘‘‘‘wil.

129 October 6, 1961 The worldwide success of Japan's transistor radios is a tribute to their Solitron now offers High Reliability highly efficient yet minute components, of which the ultra-small Mitsumi IFT Double Diffused Poly-vari-con is typical. With other Hermetically Sealed superb Mitsumi parts, it is being ex- Silicon Rectifiers tensively used by leading radio manufacturers. at competitive prices as replacements for the following numbers:

SARKES SOLITRON JEDEC NO. NO. NO.

IOLA SOD 100BF 1N 1085 IFT POLY-VARI-CON 20LA SOD 200BF 1N 1086 é Intermediate Variable 30LA SOD 300BF 1N 1087 g Frequency Capacitor 40LA SOD 400BF 1N 1088 Transformer

80SM 1N 1108 1N 1108 Mitsumi Parts 120SM 1N 1109 1N 1109 MITSUMI ELECTRIC CO., LTD. 160SM 1N 1110 1N 1110 1056-1, Koadachi, Komae-cho, Kitatorno-gun, Tokyo, Japan_ 200SM 1N 1111 1N 1111 CIRCLE 223 ON READER SERVICE CARD 240SM 1N 1112 1N 1112 280SM 1N 1113 1N 1113 They Chose GREATER ATLANTA'S 1OLF SOD 100KF 1N 1089 41 DeKALB COUNTY 2OLF SOD 200KF 1N 1090 la 3OLF SOD 300KF 1N 1091 tit

Kraft Foods Frigidaire Corp. 4OLF SOD 400KF 1N 1092 DuPont Paints Lennox Industries General Foods Eastman Kodak Minnesota Mining & Mfg U. S. Gypsum 10M lOST 1N 1081 American-Cyanamid John Deere Co. 20M 20ST 1N 1082 General Electric Riegel Paper General Motors (Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac Assembly) 30M 30ST 1N 1083 FIND OUT WHY... 40M 40ST 1N 1084 SEND FOR FREE FACT BOOK M500 500ST 1N 1084 4( Nine choice industrial districts are ready. DeKalb County is a part of the Metropolitan At- -3( Private building financing is available at lanta Area with one of the finest industrial potentials of any region in the southeast. It has all of favorable rates. Units also available with clip- Atlanta's industrial, transportation and communication facilities, year-round good climate, fine v0( Labor is plentiful, relations excellent. in ferrules at higher voltages, schools and churches, good government and all municipal services. or to individual customer specifications. Contact us for confidential help in locating DOES YOUR EXPANSION PROGRAM the best site for you. Lease or build, you make the right choice when you choose For further information write HAVE SPECIALIZED NEEDS? DYNAMIC DeKALB. e D DeKalb County Fact Book Write, wire or phone , E Contact me for confidential discussion of my company's site needs. E. WM. BROOME IName Industrial Manager Title DOC«, COUNTY COMMITTEE OF 100 ICompany P. 0. DRAWER 759 DEVICES, INC. ATLANTA 22, GEORGIA é Address 500 Livingston St. City & State TELEPHONE 378-3691 Norwood, N. J. • PO 8-3770 _j CIRCLE 224 ON READER SERVICE CARD 130 CIRCLE 130 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics ACCURACY INFINITE 0.1% RESOLUTION

PORTABLE PYROMETER POTENTIOMETER The Instrument with the Tape-Slidewire

The HOWELL Pyrometer Potentiometer is a FEATURES: 1) Automatic cold junction compensation. direct (digital) reading instrument designed 2) Direct reading in °C., °F., or in microvolts. to measure the e.m.f. output of any type of 3) Direct digital reading. thermocouple or any circuit with low e.m.f. 4) Tape-Scale length: 12 feet. output. With automatic cold junction com- 5) Slide wire: 12 feet. pensation the Potentiometer reads temperature 6) Light beam galvanometer. with the scale calibrated directly in RC. or °F. 7) 0.1% guaranteed accuracy. 8) Sensitivity: .00002 volts per scale division. ...in any ambient temperature from —65°F. 9) Calibrated to any curve or function. to +160°F. Standard 144-inch tape is nor- 10) Power: RM-4 Mercury Battery or Zener mally divided into any 1000 easy-to-read divi- referenced power supply for 110 v., 60 or 400 c. sions. The highly sensitive galvanometer 11) Readability: To 0.05% of range. allows 1mm. deflection per temperature scale 12) Light weight: 8 lbs. division. 13) Small size: 7° a 1r a 5e. ..cz), C.)

Descriptive Bulletin 3000 is available for the asking! Panel- Sales•E»gioueernog Offices: mounted COMPTON, CAL., DAYTON, o., VALLEY STREAM, LL, N.Y. units WICHITA, KAN.. TORONTO, ONT. (George Kelk La.), available/ MITCHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND (Bryass Arrequipraest Lid.)

HOWELL INSTRUMENTS, INC. FORMERLY SAN INSTRUMENT CO.. INC.

3479 WEST VICKERY BOULEVARD • FORT WORTH 7, TEXAS

CIRCLE 228 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 131 ON READER SERVICE CARD 131 October 6, 1961 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES electronics WEEKLY QUALIFICATION FORM FOR POSITIONS AVAILABLE

ATTENTION:

ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS, PHYSICISTS COMPANY SEE PAGE KEY .74'

This Qualification Form is designed to help you advance in the elec- ERIE ELECTRONICS DIV. 134 1 tronics industry. It is unique and compact. Designed with the assistance Erie Resistor Corp. of professional personnel management, it isolates specific experience in Erie, Pa

.lectronics and deals only in essential background information. IB M CORP 27' 2 New York, New York The advertisers listed here are seeking professional experience. Fill in JET PROPULSION LABORATORY 198, 199' 3 the Qualification Form below. Pasadena, California

LAWRENCE RADIATION LAB. 134 4 University of California STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL Livermore, California

Your Qualification form will be handled as "Strictly Confidential" by LOCKHEED CALIFORNIA CO. 49 5 A Div. of Lockheed Aircraft Corp. ELECTRONICS. Our processing system is such that your form will be Burbank, California forwarded within 24 hours to the proper executives in the companies MITRE CORPORATION 129 6 you select. You will be contacted at your home by the interested com- Bedford, Mass. panies. SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS 8 EXECUTIVES INC. 199* 7 Washington, D. C.

SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT 133 8 WHAT TO DO Div . of United Aircraft Corp. Stratford, Conn 1. Review the positions in the advertisements. 2. Select those for which you qualify. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED 202' 9 Apparatus Div. 3. Notice the key numbers. Dallas, Texas

4. Circle the corresponding key number below the Qualification Form. P-7498 199* 10 5. Fill out the form completely. Please print clearly. 6. Mail to: D. Hawksby, Classified Advertising Div., ELECTRONICS, These Advertisements appeared in the 9/29/61 issue. Box 12, New York 36, N. Y. (No charge, of course).

131 BM MI In MI MI MI la MU all la Ma MI MI MI IIIIII lai in MI Ma MI Ile BR U M/ (cut here) (cut here) electronics WEEKLY QUALIFICATION FORM FOR POSITIONS AVAILABLE Personal Background Education

NAME PROFESSIONAL DEGREE(S)

HOME ADDRESS MAJOR(S)

CITY ZONE STATE UNIVERSITY

HOME TELEPHONE DATE(S)

FIELDS OF EXPERIENCE (Please Check) 1061 CATEGORY OF SPECIALIZATION Please indicate number of months experience on proper lines. n Aerospace El Fire Control E Radar Technical Supervisory Experience Experience E Antennas EHuman Factors Ell Radio—TV (Months) (Menthe) RESEARCH (pure, ASW E Infrared E Simulators fundamental, basic) RESEARCH Circuits ill instrumentation E Solid State (Applied) SYSTEMS n Communications E Medicine ETelemetry (New Concepts) DEVELOPMENT E Components E Microwave E Transformers (Model) DESIGN E Computers fl Navigation n Other (Product) MANUFACTURING 11) ECM E Operations Research (Product) FIELD E Electron Tubes E Optics (Service) SALES Engineering Writing Packaging E E (Proposals & Products)

CIRCLE KEY NUMBERS OF ABOVE COMPANIES' POSITIONS THAT INTEREST YOU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

132 electronics EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

pioneer and leading manufacturer of rotary wing aircraft

...at SIKORSKY electronic engineers can broaden their professional horizons in the field of helitronics

Today, as Sikorsky Aircraft's activities expand in significance and scope, particular emphasis is being directed to a sphere of activity which we term "helitronics". This area embraces a blending of two major technologies: helicopters and electronics. Specifically, helitronics means the integration of guidance and navigation systems, specialized electronic search and detection equipment to enhance the mission capability of the helicopter; specialized sensors and automatic controls to increase its versatility as an optimum military weapon system and acommercial carrier. The need for more sophisticated electronic systems offers exceptional opportunities to competent electronic engineers with particular skills in: design • instrumentation • test • development • air-borne systems • production and service support equipment • trainers and simulators.

Unusually interesting openings as Avionics Instructors also exist for men with aircraft electronics experience and adesire to teach. If you are interested in these career opportunities, please submit your resume, including minimum salary requirements, to L. J. Shalvoy, Personnel Department.

STRATFORD, SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT CONNECTICUT DIVISION OF UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, creed, color or national origin.

133 October 6. 1961 AUGAT SEARCHLIGHT EMPLOYMENT SECTION HEAT DISSIPATORS (Classified Advertising)

FOR OPPORTUNITIES BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Employment Opportunity Adrertioement POWER TRANSISTORS on pour I4.3 I EQUIPMENT •USED or RESALE

DISPLAYED RATE The advertising rate is $24.75 per inch for all advertising appearing on other PH.D. ELECTRONIC than a contract basis. Contract rates ENGINEERS quoted on request. AN ADVERTIS- ING INCH is measured % inch verti- Positions available in research cally on one column, 3 columns-30 and development projects in- inches—to a page. EQUIPMENT volving WANTED or FOR SALE ADVER- • Space Instrumentation TISEMENTS acceptable only in Dis- • Transistor Circuitry played Style. • Pulse Circuitry • Data Acquisition Systems UNDISPLAYED RATE • Wide Band Telemetry Systems 2.40 a line, minimum 3 lines. To figure for TO-3 • Servo Control Systems advance payment count 5 average Transistors words as a line. or Diodes Extensive laboratory, model shop and tube development PROPOSALS, 2.40 a line an insertion. facilities available. BOX NUMBERS count as one line additional In undisplayed ads. DISCOUNT OF 10% if full payment is made in advance for four consecutive LAWRENCE insertions of undisplayed ads (not in- RADIATION LABORATORY cluding proposals). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Active in most phases of the Atomic Energy Program Including • Nuclear Ramjet Propulsion 400 CYCLE GENERATOR SETS for TO-36 • Controlled Fusion Transistors • Applications of Nuclear Explosions

Write: G. F. Rankin University of California Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Box 808F, Livermore, Calif. 2 KW, single phase, 17.4 amps.. 115 volts, 400 (San Francisco Bay Area) cycle electric generator set. Ideal test generator U.S. Citizenship Required for laboratory use. Manufactured by LELAND for An equal opportunity employer U. S. Navy. Ball bearing construction. Complete with Raytheon Spark Gap Modulator type CRP- 10249. Unit is mounted on welded steel base. Dimensions: 43- L. x 18" W. x 20" H. F.O.B. Chicago. 50 TRANSFORMER ENGINEER No. ASC400MG Our Price... $ 189 for 2N-1015 With experience in the design and devel- Transistors Same generator, mounted on base with, opment of HI-Frequency and Pulse transformers for commercial and militarV ap- 3 H. P. motor, 60 cycle, 1 phase... $295 plications. Augat's new Heat Dissipators utilize 3 H. P. motor, 60 cycle, 3 phase... Ideal opportunity for ambitious man to $289 a minimum of space and still offer develop full potential of present small de- 3 H. P. motor, 110 volt D. C. $275 the large radiating surfaces needed partment. Salary—open. Location—Erie, Pa. Call or send resume to Chief Engineer FREE CATALOG . . . Hundreds of other for maximum transfer of heat. All equipment bargains . . . write TODAY' Augat dissipators feature aparallel, Erie Electronics Division

open-fin construction assuring low Erie Resistor Corporation GROBAN SUPPLY COMPANY 1139 South Wabash Avenue, Dept. AS-9. thermal resistance. They are readily 645 West 12th Street Erie, Po. Chicago 5. Illinois • WEbster 9-3793 adaptable to forced air cooling for GL 6-8592 even lower resistance. CIRCLE 460 ON READER SERVICE CARD POSITION VACANT AUTO-TRACK 6. TELEMETRY ANTENNA PEDESTALS 3 6. 10 CM. SCR. 584 AUTOTRACK RADARS. AN•TPS-1D SEARCH. AN TPS•10 HT. FINDERS. Augat Heat Dissipators are manu- Sales Engineer/Manager with exp. In elec- AN 'FPN-32GCA. AN APS-10 NAVIG 6. WEATHER. AN/APS-1511 PRECISION. AN/APO-30B PRECISION. factured in three styles to accommo- tronic instruments, delay lines. Excel. op- AN, APS-31A SEARCH. DOZENS MORE. portunity with well known Mfg. Ad-Yu Elec- 5-1-2 MEGAWATT HIGH POWER PULSERS. MICROWAVE PLUMBING—TEST EQUIP. date the TO-3, TO-36 and 2N-1015 tronics Lab., Passaic, N. J. LARGEST RADAR STOCK IN U.S.A. RADIO RESEARCH INSTRUMENT CO. transistors or their equivalent. 550 Ftfth Ave. New York Judson 8-4691

Write for Bulletin No. HD-261 THIS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES SEC- RADAR SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS / Zi,';:1;11 7 which describes this new line in full TION offers a quick, effective solution to CIRCLE 461 ON READER SERVICE CARD detail. your manpower problems. Because its LOOKING FOR readership is confined to just the type of USED SURPLUS ELECTRONIC AUGAT BROS., INC. men you need, waste circulation is EQUIPMENT/COMPONENTS? 30 Perry Avenue, Attleboro, Mass. avoided. For an up-to-date listing of such equip- SEE US AT BOOTH 132; ment see Searchlight Section of Sept. 8th N.E.C.; OCT. 9, 10, & 11. CIRCLE 134 ON READER SERVICE CARD

134 electronics ERIE INDEX TO ADVERTISERS /ree,é,fretaee.r,,, MODEL 925

. • . the counter that remembers !! Audited Paid Circulation

• AMP Incorporated 19 Hoover Co.. The 124, 125 Aerospace Corporation 121 • Howell Instruments Inc. 131 • Airpax Electronics, Inc. 25 Hughes Aircraft Co. 66 • Aleo Electrordc Products Inc 112 • Alden Products Co. 113 Allen-Bradley Co. • American Bosch Arma Corp. International Electronic Research Teletbnamics Division Corp. 102 • International Rectifier Corp 41 • American Time Products Div. of Bulova Watch Company, Inc. 2 • International Telephone and Telegraph Ammon Instruments Inc. 128 Corp. Components Division 99 Alleles Corporation 103 • Arnold Engineering Co., The 8 SOLID STATE • Art Wire & Stamping Co. 114 • Angst Bros.. Inc. 134 • J F D Electronics Corp. 97 20 NIC Joclin Mfg. Co., Inc 58 UNIVERSAL COUNTER-TIMER All new .. . the rugged, compact Model Babcock Relays, Inc. 123 925 is designed to offer the ultimate in • Kearfott Div. General Precision Inc 110 • Ballantine Laboratories, Inc. 81 reliable counting of periodic or random • Beekman Instruments, Inc. Keithley Instruments, Inc. 122 Berkley Division 13 • Kepco, Inc. 85 electrical events and precise measurement 17 • Belden Manufacturing Co. Kewannee Scientific Equipment 112 of Frequency, Period and Time Intervals. 33 Bourns Inc. Kidde Electronics Laboratories 114 Built-in memory provides readout storage, • 1Flussmann Mfg. Division, • Kintel, A division of Cohn Electronics McGraw-Edison Co. 60 Inc. 3rd Cover continuous display while counting, more • Kyoritsu Electrical Instruments Works, frequent sampling and less operator eye Ltd. 93 fatigue. Modular construction.

• Carborundum Company, The 20 itetrrowou • e-14sec, ,, et • Celco-Constantine Engineering Labo- ratories 108 • LEL, Inc. se • Cohn Corp., Sigmund 117 Leesona Corporation 15 OUTSTANDING FEATURES: CornMen Products Inc. 106 Lionel Electronic Laboratories 108 • IN-LINE NIXIE READOUT • Constantine Engineering Laboratories 108 Litton Systems Inc. 1.11 • B DIGIT MEMORY — No Blinking • Continental Connector Corp. 45 Lockheed California Co., Div. of • SENSITIVITY — .1V RMS — • Cross Co., H. 108 Lockheed Aircraft Corp. 41 All 3 Channels • Curtise-Wright Corp. 116, 117 • THREE DC AMPLIFIERS • HIGH INPUT IMPEDANCE • AUTOMATIC DECIMAL POINT • Magnetic Shield Division, Perfection • ONLY 31 2 RACK SPACE (Model 925-R) Mica Co. se • DeJur-Amsco Corporation 45 • DECADE TIME BASE — No Adjustments Mallory and Co., Inc.. P.R 28, 29 • STABILITY — 1 Part In 108 Day; DeKalb County 110 • Massa. A Div. of Cohn Electronics, 5 Parts In 10 9/Week duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. 11.I..34 15 Inc. 109 Durant Manufacturing Co. 122 Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co. einergailler• ee9r4;191919Lire4K•EignienianaZek Dymec, A Division of Hewlett Pack- Mincom Division 83 ard Co 18 Mitre Corp., The 129 91k • Hitsumi Electric Co., Ltd 130 • Mycalex Corp. of America 50, 51 • ea

Electronic Engineering Co. of Calif 117 • Electronic Instrument Co., Inc. (EIC0) 112 ONE HAND Electronic Measurements Co., Inc 136 NRC Equipment Corp 99 Elgin National Watch Co., National Vulcanized Fibre Co 37 PORTABILITY Elgin-Advance Relays 19 NAVCOR 93 • Empire Devices, Inc. 47 • New Hermes Engraving Machine Corp 108 • Erie Pacific Division of Erie Resistor • Nytronies Inc. 58 Corp. 135 Esterline-Angus-Instrument Co., Inc 21

• Oak Mfg. Co. 127 Write today for complete specifications on the Model 925 or Model 925-R (Rack Model) — the • General Ceramics, Div. of Indiana idea I instrument for laboratory or industrial General 10 applications General Dynamics Telecommunication 112 • General Electric Co. • PRD Electronics, Inc. 128 Quohty Where It Counts Defense Electronics Division 104 Pacific Semiconductors Inc. 131 Receiving Tubes 59 Penta Laboratories. Inc 46 Semiconductor Product' Dept 54, 55 • Perfection Mica Co. Voltage Regulator Products 44 Magnetic Shield Div so • General Instrument Corp. 15 • Philbrick Researches, Inc., George A 125 General Radio Co 2nd rover • Gudebrod Bros. Silk Co., Inc. 1117 %e.é, ,e/efretezeeet,.

• See Advertisement in the July 20, 1961 issue ERIE-PACIFIC, DIV. OF ERIE RESISTOR CORP.

of Electronics Buyers' Guide for complete line of 12932 South Weber Way, Hawthorne, Calif. • Haydon Co.. A.W 91 ORegon 8-5418 • TWX HAW CAL 4006 • liewlett-Packard Company 8, 9 products or services. • Radio Corporation of America.5, 4th Cover Zenith Radio corp 40 Rapidesign, Inc. 68 Robinson Technical Products Inc 48

• Servo Corporation of America 57 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING • Sigma Instruments, Inc. 88 F. J. Eberle, Business Mgr. Solitron Devices Inc 130 NOW! • Sorensen it Co. Se EMPLOYMENT Spectromagnetic Industries 106 OPPORTUNITIES 133. 134 Sperry Electronic Tube Div. Sperry ELECTRONIC Rand Corp. 32, 42, 43 EQUIPMENT Sprague Electric Co. 14, 26, 27 (Used or Surplus New) Summers & Mills Inc. 66 For Sale 134 MEASUREMENTS Superior Cable Corp. 116 • Syntronic Instruments, Inc. 118 INDEX TO CLASSIFIED ADVERTISERS HALF-RACK Erie Electronics Div., Erie Resistor Corporation 134 TWA Air Freight 18 Power Supplies Tektronix, Inc. 89 • Groban Supply Co 184 • Telonic Industries Inc 52 La w re,,, e Radiation Lab., • Tempo Instrument, Inc 100, 101 University of California 134 are portable, too Texas Instuments Incorporated Apparatus Division 118 • Radio Research Instrument Co 134 • Trio Laboratories, Inc 87 Sikorsky Aircraft Div., Talk about small size, this United Aircraft Corporation 183 • Tung-Sol Electric. Inc. 81 portable Electronic Meas- urements Power Supply • See Advertisement in the July 20, 1961 issue Uniform Tubes, Inc. 46 of Electronics Buyers' Guide for complete line of Universal Instruments Corp. 118 measures just 7r W x5" Hi products or services. • Utica Drop Forge .2 Tool x63i" D. Yet it has all thee Division. Keisey-Hayes Co. 94

features of much largee This index and our Reader Service Numbers are pub. Yeeder-Root, Inc. E/M Semiconductor Power! 53 fished as a service. Every precaution is taken to make them accurate, but ELECTRONICS assumes no Supplies .. . vernier as well' responsibilities for errors or omissions. Welwyn International Inc 90 as main voltage contr, continuewe current li control, remote pro ming, 04% regulado: electronics more. Ask foi' Catalog 1

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JAMES T. HAUPTLI Advertising Sales Manager 119 aglà

SLSCTOWC ariwaviestomorrs (»am

R. S. QUINT, Assistant Publisher Buyers' Guide CHICAGO (11) Harvey W. Warnecke, Martin BRIEF SPECIFICATIONS and Business Manager; FRED STEWART, Pro- J. Gallay, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Mo- motion Manager; B. ANELLO, Marketing MODEL VOLTS DC CURRENT hawk 4-5800; CLEVELAND (13) P. T. Fegley, Service Manager; RICHARD J. TOMLINSON, 55 Public Square, Superior 1-7000; SAN FRAN- TR018-1 0-18 0-1AMP Production Manager; GEORGE E. POMEROY, CISCO (11) T. H. Carmody, R. C. Alcorn, 255 -R036-0.2 0-36 0-200MA Classified Manager; HUGH J. QUINN, Circu- California Street, Douglas 2-4600; LOS AN- 1036-0.5 0-36 0-500MA lation Manager. GELES (17) Marshall Freeman, Peter S. Car- iR212A 0-100 0-100MA berry, 1125 W. 6th St., Huntley 2-5450; DEN- VER (2) J. W. Patten, Tower Building, 1700 ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES: NEW YORK Broadway, Alpine 5-2981; ATLANTA (9) M. H. (36) Donald H. Miller, Henry M. Shaw, George Miller, 1375 Peachtree St. N.E., Trinity 5-0523; F. Werner, Robert M. Denmead, 500 Fifth Ave- HOUSTON (25) Joseph C. Page, Jr., Prudential nue, OXford 5-5959; BOSTON (16) William S. Bldg., Holcombe Blvd., Jackson 6-1281; DAL- EL-EICTFt ell IC Hodgkinson, Donald R. Furth, McGraw-Hill LAS (1) Frank Le Beau, The Vaughn Bldg., EJ31. ILJ E /VI E ours Building, Copley Square, Congress 2-1160; 1712 Commerce St., Riverside 7-9721; LON- P • V 0 El • P. It PITTSBURGH (22) David M. Watson, Four DON Wl, Dennis McDonald, 34 Dover St., Gateway Center, Express 1-1314; PHILADEL- FRANKFURT/Main, Stanley R. Kimes, 85 PHIA (3) Warren H. Gardner, William J. Westendstrasse; GENEVA, Michael R. Zeynel, Boyle, 6 Penn Center Plaza, LOcust 8-4330; 2 Place du Port.

136 CIRCLE 136 ON READER SERVICE CARD electronics reject ruinous common mode noise

KIN TEL's 114C Differential DC Amplifier eliminates BRIEF SPECIFICATIONS ground-loop problems in grounded thermocouple and GAIN 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 strain-gage measuring systems...gives you extremely (plus vernier), accurate within accurate, stable, drift-free amplification of microvolt 0.5%, stable within 0.02% level signals in the presence of volts of common mode DRIFT ± 2v equivalent input noise, irrespective of whether load and transducer are for 40 hours. grounded or floating, balanced or unbalanced. INPUT Z >30 megs (typically 50 megs) In brief, it is a true differential amplifier — OUTPUT Z <0.25 ohm, DC to 500 cps •the input is completely isolated from the output; both are completely floating and isolated from COMMON MODE 180 db DC; 130 db at 60 cps with REJECTION up to 1000!? unbalance, 120 db chassis ground. with up to 10,000!? unbalance •common mode rejection is 180 db at DC, 130 db at 60 cps, with up to 1000 ohms unbalance in the DC LINEARITY ± 0.01% of FS (10 volts) input circuit. PRICE $1000.00 in 195 cabinet (shown), For further information on this exceptional amplifier, $875.00 without cabinet write today for detailed technical information or demonstration. There are Kin Tel engineering representatives in all major cities. 40 CI> HI IL» 5725 Kearny Villa Road, San Diego 11, California • Phone: BRowning 7-6700 -r ni 1c 5, INJ G 1.., 1r...j -r L__ c. 1 N./ i s 1 cz. 1,J • ompact Power in la Space Age Package

RCA-7801 Cermolox Tetrode Power Tube packs higher performance into a small package

Combining high power-sensitivity, high efficiency and very small size, the new RCA-7801 is especially intended for application in small, compact equipment. A conduction-cooled ceramic-metal beam power tube, small as an acorn, the 7801 performs excel- lently as an af or rf power amplifier, oscillator, modulator or voltage regulator in missiles, satellites, mobile communications equipment, telemetering systems—wherever space is at a premium. In continuous commercial service, the 7801 delivers: 3.2 watts CW power output at 3,000 Mc 15.0 watts CW power output at 1,200 Mc 27.0 watts CW power output at 400 Mc A wide gold-plated copper cylindrical plate terminal assures high thermal and electrical conductivity. Heater operates at 12.6 volts 0.5 amp; a companion tube, RCA-7870, is exactly the same except that its heater operates at 6.3 volts 1.0 amp. Revolutionary Cermolox Line—and What It Means To You "Cermolox" designates RCA's special line of beam power tetrodes with ceramic-metal construction and electrically-broached coaxial grids having perfect alignment. Advantages: High power output • High gain • High power sensitivity • Low driver power • Minimum screen current • Negligible grid emission • Exceptional strength • Small in size • Compact • High-temperature operation "Cutaway of RCA-7801 showing For information on the 7801 or other Cermolox types for your new equipment designs, contact your unitized electrode and terminal RCA Field Representative. For technical bulletin on the 7801 write directly to Commercial Engineer- construction" ing, Section J-19-Q-1.RCA Electron Tube Division, Harrison, N. J.

The Most Trusted Name in Electronics

RCA Electron Tube Division Field Offices: INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT SALES... Newark 2, N. J., 744 Broad S1., MU 5-3900 • Chicago 54, III., Suite 1154, Merchandise Mori Playa, WH 4-2900 • Los Angeles 22, Calif., 6801 E. Washington Blvd., RA 3-8361 • Burlingame, Calif., 1838 El Camino Real, OX 7-1620 • GOVERNMENT SALES Harrison, N. J., 415 South Fifth St., MU 5-3900 •Dayton 2, Ohio, 224 N. Wilkinson St., BA 6-2366 • Washington 7, D. C., 1725 "I(' St., NW., FE 7-8500