Final Project Completion Report
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TA31 Book.Indb 231 24/11/09 12:13:40 PM 232 Trevor H
10 Bird, mammal and reptile remains Trevor H. Worthy School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales Geoffrey Clark Department of Archaeology and Natural History, The Australian National University Introduction This chapter reports the non-fish remains from 10 archaeological excavations on Viti Levu and the Lau Group, including the reanalysis of a bird-bone assemblage from Lakeba Island excavated previously by Simon Best (1984). Bone remains from Natunuku and Ugaga were uncommon and the small assemblages were misplaced during collection relocation after bushfires destroyed the ANU archaeological storage facility in 2003, and these assemblages are not considered further. Three of the non-fish faunal assemblages are from the Lau Group (Qaranipuqa, Votua, Sovanibeka), one is from the north coast of Viti Levu (Navatu 17A), and the remainder are from the southwest Viti Levu region (Malaqereqere, Tuvu, Volivoli II, Volivoli III, Qaraninoso II) and Beqa Island (Kulu). This chapter presents the non-fish fauna from the Lau Group, followed by that from Viti Levu and Beqa Island. Faunal analysis began early in Fiji, with bone remains identified at Navatu and Vuda on Viti Levu by Gifford (1951:208–213). Gifford’s excavations demonstrated that pig, dog, chicken, turtle, fruit bat and humans were consumed during the ‘early period’ of Fiji. The study of archaeofauna declined after this promising start due to the absence of prehistoric fauna in sites such as Sigatoka and Karobo (Palmer 1965; Birks 1973), and the cursory identification of bone remains at sites like Yanuca and Natunuku (Birks and Birks 1978; Davidson et al. -
Coos, Booms, and Hoots: the Evolution of Closed-Mouth Vocal Behavior in Birds
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/evo.12988 Coos, booms, and hoots: The evolution of closed-mouth vocal behavior in birds Tobias Riede, 1,2 Chad M. Eliason, 3 Edward H. Miller, 4 Franz Goller, 5 and Julia A. Clarke 3 1Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712 4Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9, Canada 5Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, Utah Received January 11, 2016 Accepted June 13, 2016 Most birds vocalize with an open beak, but vocalization with a closed beak into an inflating cavity occurs in territorial or courtship displays in disparate species throughout birds. Closed-mouth vocalizations generate resonance conditions that favor low-frequency sounds. By contrast, open-mouth vocalizations cover a wider frequency range. Here we describe closed-mouth vocalizations of birds from functional and morphological perspectives and assess the distribution of closed-mouth vocalizations in birds and related outgroups. Ancestral-state optimizations of body size and vocal behavior indicate that closed-mouth vocalizations are unlikely to be ancestral in birds and have evolved independently at least 16 times within Aves, predominantly in large-bodied lineages. Closed-mouth vocalizations are rare in the small-bodied passerines. In light of these results and body size trends in nonavian dinosaurs, we suggest that the capacity for closed-mouth vocalization was present in at least some extinct nonavian dinosaurs. As in birds, this behavior may have been limited to sexually selected vocal displays, and hence would have co-occurred with open-mouthed vocalizations. -
Megapode-Report-Tonga.Pdf
SPREP Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Report on a visit to Niuafo’ou Island, Kingdom of Tonga : the Polynesian Megapode Megapodius pritchardii, monitoring and conservation of Malau on Niuafo’ou Island. Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2019. 38 p. 29 cm. ISBN: 978-982-04-0692-6 (print) 978-982-04-693-3 (ecopy) 1. Polynesian megapode – Bird survey – Niuafo’ou Island – Tonga. 2. Tongan megapode – Monitoring & conservation – Tonga. 3. Malau – Endangered bird species – Tonga – Oceania. I. Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). II. Title 591.529 PO Box 240, Apia, Samoa +685 21929 [email protected] www.sprep.org Our vision: A resilient Pacific environment sustaining our livelihoods and natural heritage in harmony with our cultures. Report on a visit to Niuafo’ou Island, Kingdom of Tonga The Polynesian Megapode Megapodius pritchardii, monitoring and conservation of Malau on Niuafo’ou Island Dr David J. Butler INDEX Executive Summary 2 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. SURVEY SCHEDULE AND METHODOLOGY 4 2.1 Schedule 4 2.2 Methodology 5 3. RESULTS 6 3.1 Nesting Ground activity 6 3.2 Nest camera results at active burrows 8 3.3 Numbers of birds recorded 9 3.4 Areas occupied by malau 10 3.5 Other native fauna and invasive species 10 3.6 Education programme 10 3.7 Community awareness programme 11 4. DISCUSSION 12 4.1 Comparison with previous surveys 12 4.1.1 No. of nesting grounds active 12 4.1.2 Numbers of active and inactive burrows at nesting grounds 13 4.1.3 Numbers of birds recorded 15 4.1.4 Areas occupied by malau 16 4.2 Assessment of threats 16 4.2.1 Egg collecting 16 4.2.2 Mammals including feral animals 17 4.2.3 Other invasive species 17 4.2.4 Loss or alteration of habitat 17 5. -
The Van Tienhoven Foundation for International Nature Protection for Enabling Me to Go to Late and Fonualei
THE VAN TIENHOVEN FOUNDATION FOR INTERNATIONAL NATURE PROTECTION REPORT ON A VISIT TO LATE AND FONUALEI ISLANDS, VAVA'U GROUP, KINGDOM OF TONGA DICK WATLING 5TH AUGUST 2003 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT The Van Tienhoven Foundation provided Dick Watling with a grant of US$2000 to enable him to visit the islands of Late and Fonualei to determine the success of translocation efforts of the Polynesian Megapode Megapodius pritchardii to those islands in the early 1990s. This report is the formal account of the visits for the Van Tienhoven Foundation and is submitted in accordance with the conditions of the grant 1.2 POLYNESIAN MEGAPODE The Polynesian megapode is the rarest of all 22 megapode species (Megapodiidae, Galliformes, Aves). Previously there were an estimated 188-235 pairs in 1991-1993 restricted to the tiny volcanic island of Niuafo’ou, Kingdom of Tonga, it is listed as critically endangered (B1 + 2e: IUCN-criteria) in the Megapode Action Plan 2000- 2004 and in various publications by BirdLife International (2000 Threatened Birds of the World). From 1991 to 1993 60 eggs were buried at volcanically heated sites on Late, and an additional 35 eggs and chicks were transferred to Fonualei, both uninhabited and rarely visited by humans. Surveys of Late in 1995, 1996, and 1997 claimed that the re-introduction to this island (where according to the fossil record the species occurred in pre-human times) was successful, but no written evidence has ever been published. Discussions by R. Dekker, Chairman of the Megapode Specialist Group and Dick Watling, with C. -
Terminal Evaluation of the UN Environment Project “Implementing
Terminal Evaluation of the UN Environment Project “Implementing the Island Biodiversity Programme of Work by Integrating the Conservation Management of Island Biodiversity” (Integrated Island Biodiversity (IIB) Project) FINAL REPORT Evaluation Office of UN Environment June 2017 Evaluation Office of UN Environment Photos Credits: Front cover: Proposed new coastal ecosystem protected area with Tongan whistler habitat, Vava'u Province, Kingdom of Tonga @UN Environment/ Peter Thomas, UN Environment Evaluation Mission (2017) This report has been prepared by Peter Thomas, TierraMar Consulting and is a product of the Evaluation Office of UN Environment. The findings and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of Member States or the UN Environment Senior Management. For further information on this report, please contact: Evaluation Office of UN Environment P. O. Box 30552-00100 GPO Nairobi Kenya Tel: (254-20) 762 3389 Email: [email protected] Implementing the island biodiversity programme of work by integrating the conservation management of island biodiversity GEF ID: 4023 June/2017 All rights reserved. ©2017 Evaluation Office of UN Environment Page | ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Terminal Evaluation was prepared for the Evaluation Office of UN Environment by Mr. Peter Thomas at TierraMar Consulting. The report benefits from a peer review conducted within Evaluation Office of UN Environment. The Evaluation Office of UN Environment would like to thank the Integrated Island Biodiversity project team and in particular Mr. Greg Sherley and Mr. Mohamed Sessay for their contribution and collaboration throughout the Evaluation process. Sincere appreciation is also expressed to the entire project team for assistance and participation throughout the evaluation. -
Tonga SUMA Report
BIOPHYSICALLY SPECIAL, UNIQUE MARINE AREAS OF TONGA EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT Marine and coastal ecosystems of the Pacific Ocean provide benefits for all people in and beyond the region. To better understand and improve the effective management of these values on the ground, Pacific Island Countries are increasingly building institutional and personal capacities for Blue Planning. But there is no need to reinvent the wheel, when learning from experiences of centuries of traditional management in Pacific Island Countries. Coupled with scientific approaches these experiences can strengthen effective management of the region’s rich natural capital, if lessons learnt are shared. The MACBIO project collaborates with national and regional stakeholders towards documenting effective approaches to sustainable marine resource management and conservation. The project encourages and supports stakeholders to share tried and tested concepts and instruments more widely throughout partner countries and the Oceania region. This report outlines the process undertaken to define and describe the special, unique marine areas of Tonga. These special, unique marine areas provide an important input to decisions about, for example, permits, licences, EIAs and where to place different types of marine protected areas, locally managed marine areas and Community Conservation Areas in Tonga. For a copy of all reports and communication material please visit www.macbio-pacific.info. MARINE ECOSYSTEM MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT SERVICE VALUATION BIOPHYSICALLY SPECIAL, UNIQUE MARINE AREAS OF TONGA AUTHORS: Ceccarelli DM1, Wendt H2, Matoto AL3, Fonua E3, Fernandes L2 SUGGESTED CITATION: Ceccarelli DM, Wendt H, Matoto AL, Fonua E and Fernandes L (2017) Biophysically special, unique marine areas of Tonga. MACBIO (GIZ, IUCN, SPREP), Suva. -
Separation of Western and Eastern Black-Eared Wheatear
Separation of Western and Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Magnus Ullman lack-eared wheatear’ appears in two taxa, to taxon and any patterns in occurrences of both ‘B the western hispanica and the eastern taxa may only become clearer when all vagrants melanoleuca. Most often, they have been regard- are correctly identified – when possible – to ed as two subspecies of the same species (Black- taxon. eared Wheatear), Oenanthe hispanica hispanica and Oh melanoleuca, but they are nowadays Ageing and sexing also treated as separate species, Western Black- eared Wheatear O hispanica and Eastern Black- Adult male eared Wheatear Omelanoleuca (eg, Sangster et The ear-coverts and throat (unless white- al 1999), a treatment that is followed in the pres- throated) are pitch black, possibly with some ent article. This paper focuses on the separation buffish mottling in fresh plumage – particularly at in the field of both taxa which, so far, has receiv- the rear end of the ear-coverts and/or the lower ed only limited attention in the birding literature part of the throat-bib – but even then essentially and may be more complex than sometimes sug- black and with the lower border well defined. gested. The separation from other wheatears is Chin and lores are always pitch black. In fresh beyond the scope of this paper. Especially Pied plumage in early autumn, the wing-feathers are Wheatear Opleschanka can be easily confused black with pale – whitish, buffish or ochre – with Eastern Black-eared Wheatear in several fringes on the greater (and sometimes median) plumages and should be taken into account coverts as well as the tertials and the remiges, when identifying black-eared wheatears (see, for particularly the inner secondaries. -
NL1 (Icke-Tättingar) Ver
Nr Vetenskapligt namn Engelskt namn Svenskt namn (noter) 1 STRUTHIONIFORMES STRUTSFÅGLAR 2 Struthionidae Ostriches Strutsar 3 Struthio camelus Common Ostrich struts 4 Struthio molybdophanes Somali Ostrich somaliastruts 5 6 RHEIFORMES NANDUFÅGLAR 7 Rheidae Rheas Nanduer 8 Rhea americana Greater Rhea större nandu 9 Rhea pennata Lesser Rhea mindre nandu 10 11 APTERYGIFORMES KIVIFÅGLAR 12 Apterygidae Kiwis Kivier 13 Apteryx australis Southern Brown Kiwi sydkivi 14 Apteryx mantelli North Island Brown Kiwi brunkivi 15 Apteryx rowi Okarito Kiwi okaritokivi 16 Apteryx owenii Little Spotted Kiwi mindre fläckkivi 17 Apteryx haastii Great Spotted Kiwi större fläckkivi 18 19 CASUARIIFORMES KASUARFÅGLAR 20 Casuariidae Cassowaries, Emu Kasuarer 21 Casuarius casuarius Southern Cassowary hjälmkasuar 22 Casuarius bennetti Dwarf Cassowary dvärgkasuar 23 Casuarius unappendiculatus Northern Cassowary enflikig kasuar 24 Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu emu 25 26 TINAMIFORMES TINAMOFÅGLAR 27 Tinamidae Tinamous Tinamoer 28 Tinamus tao Grey Tinamou grå tinamo 29 Tinamus solitarius Solitary Tinamou solitärtinamo 30 Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou svart tinamo 31 Tinamus major Great Tinamou större tinamo 32 Tinamus guttatus White-throated Tinamou vitstrupig tinamo 33 Nothocercus bonapartei Highland Tinamou höglandstinamo 34 Nothocercus julius Tawny-breasted Tinamou brunbröstad tinamo 35 Nothocercus nigrocapillus Hooded Tinamou kamtinamo 36 Crypturellus berlepschi Berlepsch's Tinamou sottinamo 37 Crypturellus cinereus Cinereous Tinamou askgrå tinamo 38 Crypturellus soui -
Tonga National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan 2013-2020
Kingdom of Tonga National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan 2013-2020 Prepared by: Ministry of Lands, Environment, Climate Change and Natural Resources For the Kingdom of Tonga. National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan 2013 – 2020 Kingdom Of Tonga National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan 2013-2020, Kingdom of Tonga © Copyright 2014 Government of Tonga Cover photo: Primary kids’ Cultural item with Tonga’s IAS and endemic species. Publication funded by: GEF – PAS Invasive Species Project. National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan 2013-2020, Kingdom of Tonga FOREWARD It gives me great pleasure, on behalf of the Government of Tonga, to endorse this Strategy and Action Plan for the management of invasive species in the Kingdom of Tonga. The National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan (NISSAP) address much of the issue towards invasive species in Tonga. The NISSAP were aligned with the Guidelines for Invasive Species Management in the Pacific. It identifies the key strategy and action that need to be undertaken and effectively manage in order to reduce the impacts of invasive species in Tonga. The Strategy and Action have been prioritized, with timeframes and identification of the lead agency/group and relevant partners that will be involved in implementation. The development of this NISSAP was led by Ministry of Land, Environment, Climate change and Natural Resources. Facilitation by Pacific Invasives Initiative through a multi-sectoral consultative process involving representatives of a number of in-country governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as national and international experts from SPREP. We are very thankful for the assistance of all the institutions and individuals who contributed to the development of this Plan. -
Deutsche Namen Der Vögel Der Erde
Vogelwarte 58, 2020: 1 – 214 © DO-G, IfV, MPG 2020 Aus der Kommission „Deutsche Namen für die Vögel der Erde“ (Standing Committee for German Names of the Birds of the World) der Deutschen Ornithologen-Gesellschaft und der International Ornithologists’ Union Deutsche Namen der Vögel der Erde Peter H. Barthel, Christine Barthel, Einhard Bezzel, Pascal Eckhoff, Renate van den Elzen, Christoph Hinkelmann & Frank D. Steinheimer Barthel PH, Barthel C, Bezzel E, Eckhoff P, van den Elzen R, Hinkelmann C & Steinheimer FD 2020: German names of the birds of the world. Vogelwarte 58: 1-214. This list gives the official German names of the birds of the world. It includes 10,770 living and 158 recently extinct species, distributed among 40 orders, 250 families and 2,322 genera. Basis of the compilation is the IOC world list by Gill et al. (2020) in version 10.1, which is consistently followed with regard to systematics, scientific and official English names. A short introduction informs about the history of the German list and the Commission's working guidelines. ✉ PHB: Über dem Salzgraben 11, 37574 Einbeck. E-Mail: [email protected] CB: Über dem Salzgraben 11, 37574 Einbeck. E-Mail: [email protected] EB: Wettersteinstr. 40, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen. E-Mail: [email protected] PE: Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin. E-Mail: [email protected] RvdE: Loudonstr. 54, 1140 Wien, Österreich. E-Mail: [email protected] CH: Eisenbahnweg 5a, 21337 Lüneburg. E-Mail: [email protected] FDS: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle, Domplatz 4, 06108 Halle (Saale). E-Mail: [email protected] Nomina sunt consequentia rerum Dante Alighieri (1295), La Vita Nuova 13.4 Einleitung wohl deutlich älter. -
The Biology of the Moluccan Megapode Eulipoa Wallacei (Aves, Galliformes, Megapodiidae) on Haruku and Other Moluccan Islands; Part 2: final Report
C.J. Heij1, C.F.E. Rompas2 & C.W. Moeliker1 1 Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute* The biology of the Moluccan megapode Eulipoa wallacei (Aves, Galliformes, Megapodiidae) on Haruku and other Moluccan Islands; part 2: final report Heij, C.J., Rompas, C.F .E., & Moeliker, C.W., 1997 - The biology of the Moluccan megapode Eulipoa wallacei (Aves, Galliformes, Megapodiidae) on Haruku and other Moluccan Islands; part 2: final report - DEINSEA 3: 1-123 [ISSN 0923-9308]. Published 9 October 1997. The Moluccan megapode Eulipoa wallacei inhabits forests of several Moluccan Islands (Indonesia). The birds only leave this habitat for the purpose of egg-laying in self-dug burrows on sandy beaches, where solar heat incubates the eggs. The eggs are collected, sold and consumed by local people, a tradition that is said to threaten the species’ existence. An intensive study was carried out in the periods June 1994 - June 1995 and January - May 1996 at one of the largest known communal nesting grounds, ‘Tanjung Maleo’ near Kailolo Village on Haruku Island and at nesting grounds on other islands. In close collaboration with the local people, reproduction data were obtained by daily counts of the number of collected eggs and fledged chicks. Experiments were carried out to establish the incubation period. Egg-laying behaviour was studied with nightvision equipment. The egg-laying interval, home range, inland habitat and provenance of the female birds were established by radio-tracking of nine individuals. Of the 36.263 eggs that were harvested in the 94/95 season (1 April-31 March) peak numbers (max. -
Bird Conservation Priorities and a Draft Avifauna Conservation Strategy for the Pacific Islands Region SPREP IRC Cataloguing-In-Publication Data
SPREP South Pacific Regional Environment Programme Bird Conservation Priorities and a Draft Avifauna Conservation Strategy for the Pacific Islands Region SPREP IRC Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Sherley, Greg Bird Conservation Priorities and a Draft Conservation Strategy for the Pacific Islands region / compiled by Greg Sherley – Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2001. Contents: I – Polynesia workshop, Rarotonga, 26–30 April 1999 : report. II – Melanesia and Nauru workshop, Nadi, 5–10 March 2000 : report. III – Micronesia work- shop, Guam 5–10 November 2000 : report. viii, 68 p. ; 29 cm. ISBN: 982-04-0221-2 1. Birds – Oceania. 2. Birds, Protection of – Oceania. 3. Conservation of natural resources – Oceania. 4. Birds – Conservation. I. Sherley, Greg. II. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). 639.978 Published in May 2001 by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme PO Box 240 Samoa website: www.sprep.org.ws Produced by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme with funding assistance from BirdLife International Prepared for publishing by SPREP’s Publications Unit Editing and layout by Geoff Gregory, Word Therapy, Paraparaumu, New Zealand Typeset in 11/13.2 Times Roman Printed on 115 gsm Satin Matt Art by Graphic Press & Packaging Ltd, Levin, New Zealand Copies of this publication can be obtained by contacting: The Information Resource Centre Manager South Pacific Regional Environment Programme Ph: (685) 21 929 Fax: (685) 20 231 Email: [email protected] Cover: Kakerori Pomarea dimidiata about one year old, Takitumu Conservation Area, Rarotonga Photo by Greg Sherley © South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2001. The South Pacific Regional Environment Programme authorises the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, in any form provided appropriate acknowledgement is given.