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Deutsche Namen Der Vögel Der Erde Vogelwarte 58, 2020: 1 – 214 © DO-G, IfV, MPG 2020 Aus der Kommission „Deutsche Namen für die Vögel der Erde“ (Standing Committee for German Names of the Birds of the World) der Deutschen Ornithologen-Gesellschaft und der International Ornithologists’ Union Deutsche Namen der Vögel der Erde Peter H. Barthel, Christine Barthel, Einhard Bezzel, Pascal Eckhoff, Renate van den Elzen, Christoph Hinkelmann & Frank D. Steinheimer Barthel PH, Barthel C, Bezzel E, Eckhoff P, van den Elzen R, Hinkelmann C & Steinheimer FD 2020: German names of the birds of the world. Vogelwarte 58: 1-214. This list gives the official German names of the birds of the world. It includes 10,770 living and 158 recently extinct species, distributed among 40 orders, 250 families and 2,322 genera. Basis of the compilation is the IOC world list by Gill et al. (2020) in version 10.1, which is consistently followed with regard to systematics, scientific and official English names. A short introduction informs about the history of the German list and the Commission's working guidelines. ✉ PHB: Über dem Salzgraben 11, 37574 Einbeck. E-Mail: [email protected] CB: Über dem Salzgraben 11, 37574 Einbeck. E-Mail: [email protected] EB: Wettersteinstr. 40, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen. E-Mail: [email protected] PE: Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin. E-Mail: [email protected] RvdE: Loudonstr. 54, 1140 Wien, Österreich. E-Mail: [email protected] CH: Eisenbahnweg 5a, 21337 Lüneburg. E-Mail: [email protected] FDS: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle, Domplatz 4, 06108 Halle (Saale). E-Mail: [email protected] Nomina sunt consequentia rerum Dante Alighieri (1295), La Vita Nuova 13.4 Einleitung wohl deutlich älter. Mit der Erfindung des Buchdrucks Vor nunmehr fast 100 Jahren stellte der berühmte deut- verbreiteten sie sich schneller, besonders seit Erscheinen sche Ornithologe und Evolutionsbiologe Ernst Mayr der deutschen Übersetzung des „Thierbuchs“ von Con- bei seiner Expedition in Neuguinea verwundert fest, rad Gessner (1516-1565) im Jahr 1669. Dort wurden dass der ihn begleitende Stamm der Papua von allen auch bereits „exotische“ Arten mit deutschen Namen damals dort gesammelten und bekannten 137 Vogelar- belegt. Wenngleich sich einige der Jahrhunderte alten ten für 136 jeweils auch einen gültigen einheimischen Namen erhalten haben, erfordert eine Zuordnung in Namen hatte – und das erstaunlicherweise bei einer vielen Fällen jedoch detektivische Fähigkeiten. Etwas indigenen Ethnie, die seit etlichen tausend Jahren von einfacher wird es bei den von Johannes Matthäus Bech- der kulturellen Entwicklung Europas unbeeinflusst war stein (1757-1822) und besonders vom „Tiervater“ Al- (Mayr 1977). fred Edmund Brehm (1829-1884) auch für Vögel ferner Es gibt also nicht nur in Deutschland den Wunsch, Länder kreierten Bezeichnungen oder denjenigen von alle erkennbaren Vogelarten mit einem Namen aus der Karl Ruß (1833-1899), der viele neue Importe der da- eigenen Sprache zu belegen, sondern es handelt sich mals schon florierenden Szene der Vogelhalter benann- um ein weltweites Phänomen, mutmaßlich so alt wie te. Doch auch davon sind viele bereits seit langer Zeit die Menschheit selbst. Mit der zunehmenden Erfor- vergessen und durch treffendere Namen ersetzt worden. schung und spätestens seit der touristischen Eroberung In zahlreichen und inzwischen klassischen Werken der Erde wurde auch versucht, Arten entfernter und (z. B. Suolahti 1909, Hoffmann 1937) lassen sich Ge- exotischer Regionen mit Namen in europäischen Spra- schichte und Veränderungen deutschsprachiger Vogel- chen zu belegen. Grundlage dieser Namensgebung war namen verfolgen. Alte Bezeichnungen sind aber für eine meist das Artniveau, sehr selten wurden Unterarten aktuelle, systematische Weltliste wenig bedeutsam. oder Gattungen benannt. Doch je intensiver man sich mit der Historie deutscher Vogelnamen, aber auch mit deutscher Geschichte, der Historie deutscher Vogelnamen Veränderung unserer Sprache und dem aufklärenden Einfluss von Wissenschaft beschäftigt, desto aufge- Deutschsprachige Vogelnamen sind nachweisbar, seit schlossener wird man auch für längst überfällige An- es schriftliche Aufzeichnungen gibt, doch sind viele passungen gewohnter Bezeichnungen. 2 P. H. Barthel et al.: Deutsche Namen der Vögel der Erde In vielerlei Hinsicht bahnbrechend war die Arbeit und vereinheitlicht werden und setzte daher eine ge- von Hans Edmund Wolters (1915-1991). Sein Werk meinsame Kommission von IOC und DO-G ein. „Die Vogelarten der Erde“ (Wolters 1975-1982) war das Die besonders durch molekulargenetische Erkennt- erste, in dem alle (damals bekannten und von ihm an- nisse bedingten zahlreichen Veränderungen der letzten erkannten) Vogelarten der Welt mit einem deutschspra- Jahre ließen das Arbeitspensum stärker als erwartet chigen Namen aufgelistet waren. Hervorzuheben ist wachsen und erforderten neben vielen durch Splits nö- hier besonders die Scharfäugigkeit dieses außergewöhn- tig gewordenen neuen Namen auch Anpassungen be- lichen Morphologen am Museum Alexander Koenig in stehender Bezeichnungen an systematische Verände- Bonn, der als einer der ersten konsequent der heutzu- rungen: International wurden Unterarten zu Arten, tage allgemein üblichen phylogenetischen Betrach- Arten zwischen Gattungen und Gattungen zwischen tungsweise folgte und, damit massiv von den kontem- Familien verschoben, sogar Familien und Ordnungen porären englischsprachigen Weltlisten abweichend, neu begründet oder abgetrennt. systematisch-taxonomisch zu Ergebnissen kam, die Unterbrochen wurde die systematische Arbeit an ganz ohne die damals noch nicht möglichen moleku- der eigentlichen Liste immer wieder durch aktuell largenetischen Untersuchungsmethoden oft verblüf- nötige Zuarbeit für die letzten Bände des „Handbook fend dem aktuellen Kenntnisstand entsprechen. Deut- of the Birds of the World“ (HBW) (del Hoyo et al. sche Vogelnamen waren gewissermaßen nur ein Ne- 1992-2013) und Anpassungen für die „HBW and Bird- benprodukt dieser enormen Leistung und wurden oft Life International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of sprachlich etwas lieblos wirkend und inhaltlich manch- the World“ (del Hoyo & Collar 2014, 2016). Für den mal wenig treffend kreiert oder aus vorhandenen Quel- systematisch-taxonomisch vom ursprünglichen HBW len übernommen. Gleichwohl hat Wolters damals schon teilweise abweichenden zweiten Band der Checklist heute noch gültige Grundsätze zu ihrer Vergabe festge- (2016) wurden immerhin sämtliche bisherigen Namen legt, z. B. sie möglichst nicht getrennt, sondern zusam- der Passeriformes einer vorläufigen Revision unter- men oder mit Bindestrich zu schreiben. Nachgerade zogen, wodurch sie weitgehend mit der hier vorlie- aktuell sind seine Anmerkungen zu deutschen Vogel- genden Liste identisch sind. Beim ersten Band von namen im Vorwort seiner Liste auf Seite 3 und im Nach- 2014 gab es diese Möglichkeit nicht, wodurch dort wort auf Seite 744. Bedauerlicherweise wurde dieses teilweise noch viele obsolete Bezeichnungen enthalten großartige und seiner Zeit weit vorauseilende Werk sind. Diese sollen jedoch in der online-Version des kaum zur Kenntnis genommen oder gar angewandt – HBW und der BirdLife-Liste kontinuierlich angepasst nicht einmal in Deutschland. Der eigentliche und ein- werden. Dennoch vorhandene Differenzen beruhen zige Vorläufer der hier nun vorgelegten Liste deutscher allerdings auf dem dortigen, etwas anders gefassten Vogelnamen ist also das Werk des bescheidenen und Artbegriff und gelegentlich abweichenden systema- postum zu ehrenden Hans Edmund Wolters. tischen Zuordnungen. Welcher der vier Weltlisten, von denen drei ohnehin Entstehung dieser Liste weitgehend identisch sind, bei der deutschen Namen- liste letztlich gefolgt werden sollte, war lange Zeit offen. Weltweit wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten hauptsäch- Im Sommer 2017 bat die DO-G ein Gremium von zwölf lich den vier Auflagen der „Complete Checklist of the ausgewiesenen Spezialisten aus Deutschland, Österreich Birds of the World“ von Richard Howard und Alick und der Schweiz um schriftliche Expertisen und Emp- Moore gefolgt. Daher entsprach die zweite „Liste der fehlungen. Das Votum fiel überraschend einstimmig Vögel der Erde“ (Barthel 1992) systematisch und taxo- aus und daher beschloss der Vorstand der DO-G wäh- nomisch auch der 2. Auflage von Howard & Moore rend der Jahresversammlung im Halle (Saale) im Sep- (1991), folgte aber bei den deutschen Namen überwie- tember 2017, dass die Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesell- gend noch den Vorschlägen von Wolters. Diese Liste schaft ab Januar 2018 in allen die DO-G betreffenden bildete die Arbeitsgrundlage für die spätere Namen- Belangen einschließlich ihrer Zeitschriften konse- kommission. quent der von Frank B. Gill begründeten wissenschaft- Vom International Ornithological Committee (IOC, lichen IOC-Weltliste der Vogelarten folgt (neueste inzwischen International Ornithologists’ Union IOU) Version 2020). Zu dieser Entscheidung sind weltweit wurde eine Kommission zur Vereinheitlichung der eng- auch viele andere wissenschaftliche Gesellschaften sowie lischen Vogelnamen der Erde eingesetzt, da diese zwi- die für nationale Artenlisten zuständigen Kommissionen schen den Kontinenten und verschiedenen Listen häu- der meisten europäischen Länder gekommen. Konse- fig voneinander abwichen (Gill & Wright 2006 ff.), quent folgt inzwischen neben der offiziellen Liste der nachdem es bereits Vorschläge für offizielle französische Vögel Deutschlands (Barthel & Krüger 2019) und eini- (Devillers & Quellet
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