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Doing Business Differently the Search for a Cure—Why Now?

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Doing Business Differently the Search for a Cure—Why Now? FALL 2010 INNThe Newsletter of amfAR,OV The FoundationAT for AIDS ResearchIONS The Search for a Cure—Why Now? When amfAR announced a major new treatments that could keep people alive. As Skepticism among scientists about research initiative in February targeting a cure that effort bore fruit, the focus shifted to a the feasibility of a cure is also rooted in the for HIV/AIDS (see story below), a question preventive vaccine—the new holy grail of AIDS stunning success of highly active antiretroviral quickly arose: Hasn’t amfAR always been research. Then in the late 1990s, amfAR was therapy (HAART). Its game-changing efficacy looking for a cure? among the first to invest in the development of initially led some researchers to make rash The short answer is no. Basic a preventive microbicide. predictions about the prospects for a cure. But research in the early years of the epidemic While amfAR has never lost sight as scientific roadblocks continued to confound was driven by the desperate need to develop of a cure as an ultimate goal, the scientific their efforts, many scientists became reluctant obstacles remain formidable. “So far there to even mention the word. is no evidence that HIV can be cleared by For the last decade, however, amfAR drugs or the immune system, largely because has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to the virus persists in reservoirs, contributing cure research. “Since 2002, we’ve invested to the belief held by many, if not most AIDS about 40 percent of our research budget in researchers, that a cure for HIV infection is and 50 cure-focused research projects,” said may always be impossible,” wrote Dr. Rowena amfAR CEO Kevin Robert Frost. This is in stark Johnston, amfAR’s vice president and director contrast to the federal government, which of research, in the July issue of AIDS Research spent less than three percent of its total 2009 Leading Cure and Human Retroviruses. AIDS research budget for research in this area. Researchers Win CONTINUED ON PAGE 6 amfAR Funding amfAR announced the first round of grants on May 11 for a consortium of leading re- Doing Business Differently searchers to develop strategies for eradicat- NATIONAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGY TAKES AIM AT STUBBORNLY ing HIV infection. The initial round of funding HIGH RATES OF INFECTION from the newly established amfAR Research Consortium on HIV Eradication (ARCHE) commits more than $1 million to four teams While the U.S. has made remarkable of biomedical researchers as part of a progress in its response to the global groundbreaking collaborative effort. HIV/AIDS epidemic, some of the hardest “amfAR has a long history of funding hit communities at home have fallen breakthrough research,” said amfAR CEO by the wayside, and the number of Kevin Robert Frost. “We believe that a new infections each year has remained collaborative research effort of this kind has unchanged. Following a campaign by the potential to dramatically accelerate the amfAR and other advocates to put search for a cure.” domestic AIDS back on the agenda, Following the grant announcement, the White House unveiled the nation’s ARCHE investigators gathered in amfAR’s first comprehensive National HIV/AIDS New York offices on June 18 to discuss Participants at a White House-sponsored community Strategy in July. consultation on the National HIV/AIDS Strategy CONTINUED ON PAGE 3 CONTINUED ON PAGE 4 (Photo: White House Office of National AIDS Policy) amfAR,www.amfar.org The Foundation amfAR, for The AIDS Foundation Research for AIDS www.amfAR.org Research INNOVATIONS, FALL 2010 INNOVATIONS FROM THE CEO The Newsletter of amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research Fall 2010 Out of the Darkness 120 Wall Street, 13th Floor New York, NY 10005-3908 tel: (212) 806-1600 We sometimes tionable—just a few years ago is now within fax: (212) 806-1601 struggle to explain the realm of possibility. 1150 17th Street, NW, Suite 406 the nature of the In 2011, amfAR will commemorate Washington, DC 20036-4622 recent sea change its 25th year in the vanguard of the global tel: (202) 331-8600 fax: (202) 331-8606 in AIDS research, response to HIV/AIDS. We’ve accomplished which has made a great deal over the years and have much to TREAT Asia us more optimistic be proud of. Exchange Tower 388 Sukhumvit Road, Suite 2104 than ever before Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110 about our chances Thailand A sea change in AIDS research tel: (+66) 2 663-7561 of finding a cure. fax: (+66) 2 663-7562 Here’s one way to has made us more optimistic think about it. than ever before about our www.amfar.org For many chances of finding a cure. Newsletter Staff years, AIDS research focused almost exclusively Carolyn Hanson on trying to define the enemy—mapping out the Editor way in which HIV invaded the human body and The greatest tribute we can pay to Andrew McInnes set about destroying the immune system. It was Dr. Mathilde Krim, her fellow pioneers, and to Director, Public Information Constance Herndon all who have dedicated their lives and their a little like shining a flashlight in the dark. What Senior Staff Writer you’re able to see appears with great clarity. The resources to our cause is to redouble our Raoul Norman-Tenazas trouble is, you’re never really sure how vast the efforts to find a cure. With your continued Creative Director Yolande Hunter partnership and generous support, we will do darkness is. Creative Coordinator The research progress we’ve made in precisely that. the last few years has effectively switched on the lights. Now, at last, we can see where we’re going and chart a path forward. In fact, several potential pathways are laid out before us. What Kevin Robert Frost was deemed naïve and unrealistic—even unmen- Chief Executive Officer amfAR meets the BBB Wise Giving Alliance’s Standards for Charity Accountability HP is the offical technology supplier of amfAR. Study Offers Hope of New amfAR recognizes American Airlines for its generous support of HIV Prevention Tool for Women amfAR’s mission. Releasing the results of a study that may Conducted by the Centre for While this trial is only a first step— help transform HIV prevention for women, the AIDS Program of Research in South more studies need to be done to confirm South African researchers announced at Africa (CAPRISA), the two-and-a-half year the product’s safety and improve its the International AIDS Conference in July study, the results of which were published effectiveness—it represents an important that they have found a vaginal microbicide in Science, included 889 women in two breakthrough in developing an HIV that could cut the risk of infection in half for high-prevalence communities in South prevention method women can control. women who use it regularly. The microbicidal Africa. Participants were asked to use the For the many women who are unable to gel—which contains the commonly used gel within 12 hours before intercourse, and negotiate mutual monogamy or condom antiretroviral drug tenofovir—reduced the to use a second dose as soon as possible use, such a method could prove to be a chance of acquiring HIV by 39 percent overall within 12 hours afterwards. Nearly all the lifesaver. However, only a little more than among all women who received it, and by women (more than 97 percent) found the half of the money needed to conduct 54 percent in women who used it most gel acceptable to use and reported follow-up research has been raised, a regularly, compared with those who received that they would use it in the future if it funding gap that may halt progress in this a placebo. proved effective against HIV. critical area. n 2 INNOVATIONS, FALL 2010 amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research www.amfar.org RESEARCH mice that had been rendered Gene Therapy and the susceptible to HIV infection. When the mice were later challenged with HIV, they had lower levels Potential for an HIV Cure of virus and maintained normal numbers of CD4+ T cells, the loss By Rowena Johnston, Ph.D. of which is a hallmark of AIDS. As promising as these Three years ago, an HIV patient in Berlin Scientists have been results were, many issues still requiring treatment for leukemia received a eager to discover ways to | Dreamstime.com © Mark Lorch need to be resolved. These stem cell transplant and the results changed genetically modify a patient’s mice were infected with HIV the AIDS research world. Preparing for the own cells to mimic the delta-32 after the stem cell transplant, procedure, his doctors searched for a donor mutation. This would obviate the need to whereas humans would receive who was not only a tissue match but also had find donors who naturally have the mutation, the transplant after HIV infection. a rare genetic mutation called CCR5 delta-32, which only occurs in roughly 1.5 percent of Would the procedure still work which blocks HIV infection in almost all cases. Caucasians. It might also remove the need for under these conditions? If a patient received Since the transplant, the patient has stopped risky high-dose chemotherapy and irradiation. a transplant of cells depleted of CCR5, would taking antiretroviral therapy and no HIV has Writing in the August issue of Nature the virus in their bodies be able to adjust and been detected in his body. He appears to be Biotechnology, two members of amfAR’s infect other susceptible cells in the body? the only person ever cured of HIV. Research Consortium on HIV/AIDS Eradication Can sufficient numbers of cells be genetically Active attempts to replicate this (ARCHE), Drs.
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