Social Sciences University of Ankara Institute of Social Sciences
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SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ALHASSAN TAHIRU CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION THROUGH PEACE EDUCATION: THE CASE OF WEST AFRICAN NETWORK FOR PEACE BUILDING- GHANA (WANEP-GHANA) Master Thesis MASTER OF ARTS IN PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES 2020 SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ALHASSAN TAHIRU 170313002 CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION THROUGH PEACE EDUCATION: THE CASE OF WEST AFRICAN NETWORK FOR PEACE BUILDING- GHANA (WANEP-GHANA) Master Thesis MASTER OF ARTS IN PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES 2020 i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP AND ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that; I am the sole author of this M.A. Thesis and that I have not used any sources other than those listed in the bibliography and identified as references. I further declare that I have not submitted this thesis at any other institution in order to obtain a degree. Alhassan Tahiru (Signature) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express endless thanks to the Almighty God for bringing me this far in my academic pursuit. I wish to express my profound gratitude to my mother Ramatu Amadu whose prayers, encouragements and well-wishing, kept me moving till this end. I thank my dearest brother Masud Tahiru who has been of enormous support since I began my academic journey. A mammoth appreciation also goes to my lovely wife, Saudatu Ibrahim Amadu who has been by my side throughout this process in terms of many sacrifices, encouragements, prayers and insightful suggestions. I am deeply grateful to my family, friends and love ones, whose prayers and supports have brought me this far. I would like to express my sincere, innermost and special thanks to my supervisors; Dr Venessa TINKER and Dr.Ibrahim Can Sezgin, who have agreed and accepted to work with me on my thesis, they were really a great source of encouragement, inspiration and guidance. Their guidance and directions guided me through all the levels of this research. I would also like to thank Assoc. Prof. Gürol BABA for leading me into a narrow range that made this study fair and workable. Unique thanks go to the Turkish Government for offering me Scholarship to further my master’s program at the Social Sciences University of Ankara. I also thank the International Relations Departments of the Social Sciences University of Ankara, particularly Prof. Dr. Havva Kök-Arslan who made valuable contribution in making this a success. I would also like to thank all those who participated in my interviews especially Mrs. Brew, Beatrice Regional Program Officer, Corporate Communications and Capacity Building at WANEP Regional office. Mr. Albert Yelyang and Melody Azinim, the Coordinator and the Programs Officer of WANEP-Ghana respectfully, and the northern regional secretary of Peace Council-Ghana. Finally, I thank all Peace and Conflict Studies colleagues of the 2017 class for their cordiality and useful supports. MAY THE ALMIGHTY BLESS YOU ALL iii TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP AND ORIGINALITY ............................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. iv ÖZET ..................................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... viii ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ ix CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 1.1. Research Question. .................................................................................. 4 1.2. Problem Field and the Theoretical Framework ....................................... 4 1.3. Structure of the Study ............................................................................ 12 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................. 13 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................ 13 2.1. Research Design .................................................................................... 13 2.2. Sampling Technique .............................................................................. 13 2.3. Sources of Data ...................................................................................... 15 2.3.1. The Primary Sources of Data .......................................................... 15 2.3.2. The Secondary Sources ................................................................... 15 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................... 16 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................. 16 3.1. The Concept of Conflict ........................................................................ 16 3.2 The Concept of Peace ............................................................................. 17 3.3. Conflict Transformation ........................................................................ 19 3.4. Peace Education ..................................................................................... 20 3.4.1. Operationalizing Peace Education ................................................... 22 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................. 26 PEACE EDUCATION AND WANEP ......................................................... 26 4.1. Peace Education in Africa ..................................................................... 26 4.2. The West Africa Network for Peace Building. ..................................... 27 4.4. The Core Operational Areas of the West African Network for Peacebuilding. ............................................................................................... 30 iv 4.5. The National Networks .......................................................................... 33 4.6. Governance and Structure of the Network ............................................ 34 4.7. Capacity of the Network ........................................................................ 35 4.8. Funding of the Network ......................................................................... 36 CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................... 37 PEACE EDUCATION AND WANEP-GHANA ........................................ 37 5.1. Peace Education in Ghana ..................................................................... 37 5.2. WANEP-Ghana ..................................................................................... 40 5.3. The WANEP-Ghana’s Peace Education Approaches for Conflict Transformation. ............................................................................................ 42 5.3.1. Capacity Building and Training ...................................................... 42 5.3.2. Advocacy and Public Communication ............................................ 43 5.3.3. Networking and Partnership ............................................................ 44 5.3.4. Dialogue and Mediation .................................................................. 45 5.3.5. The Nonviolence and Peace Education ........................................... 46 5.3.6. Feasibility Research before implementation of peace programs .... 48 5.4. Strengths of WANEP-Ghana in Promoting peace through Peace Education ...................................................................................................... 49 5.4.1. Coverage and Inclusivity ................................................................. 49 5.4.2. Access to Policymaking Processes .................................................. 50 5.4.3. Visibility of the Network ................................................................. 51 5.4.4. Neutrality ......................................................................................... 51 5.5. Challenges facing WANEP- Ghana in Peace Education for conflict transformation. .............................................................................................. 52 5.5.1. Issues of Sustainability .................................................................... 52 5.5.2. Funding ............................................................................................ 53 5.5.3. Expectations from members and beneficiaries ................................ 55 5.5.4. The delay in court process ............................................................... 55 5.5.5. The Problems of networking and coordination ............................... 56 CHAPTER SIX ................................................................................................. 59 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ....................................................................... 59 CHAPTER SEVEN ........................................................................................... 66 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................... 66 REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 70 v APPENDIX ........................................................................................................ 82 Interviews .......................................................................................................