DOCSLIB.ORG

Wheels of Preservation: Mobile Structures and the National

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wheels of Preservation: Mobile Structures and the National WHEELS OF PRESERVATION: MOBILE STRUCTURES AND THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES by JOSHUA H. BAUM (Under the Direction of MARK REINBERGER) ABSTRACT This thesis was written to provide evidence and justification for the inclusion of historically significant automobiles on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). During the first half of the twentieth century, the automobile transformed American culture and reshaped America’s landscape. The NRHP includes thousands of individual listings of road-related resources which owe their significance to the automobile. Automobiles themselves, however, are not represented. Arguing for their inclusion, this thesis begins by examining the early history of automobiles in the United States and the history of the NRHP. Mobile structures listed on the NRHP, such as ships and aircraft, are then evaluated for similarities with automobiles. Finally, a privately-run register for historic automobiles is evaluated for compatibility with the NRHP. INDEX WORDS: Automobile, History, Historic Preservation, National Register of Historic Places WHEELS OF PRESERVATION: MOBILE STRUCTURES AND THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES by JOSHUA H. BAUM B.S., Fort Hays State University, 2008 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION ATHENS, GEORGIA 2017 © 2017 JOSHUA H. BAUM All Rights Reserved WHEELS OF PRESERVATION: MOBILE STRUCTURES AND THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES by JOSHUA H. BAUM Major Professor: Mark Reinberger Committee: Scott Messer Scott Nesbit James K. Reap Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I owe a great deal of gratitude to Mark Reinberger, my Major Professor, for his patience in seeing this paper through. Thank you for your support and input throughout this laborious project. I would also like to thank James Reap, Scott Messer & Scott Nesbitt for agreeing to be on my reading committee. Your input was invaluable in shaping my arguments and conclusion. I would also like to thank my family and friends for their support and encouragement. A special thanks to my Mother and Brother Jacob, without you I don’t know how I would have ever been able to bring this all together. Finally, I would like to thank my Grandmother Jeanette. You always encouraged me to go further with my education and made sure I went back to school. I wish you could have been here to see me finish, though I still know you are proud. Thank you. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 2 THE EARLY AUTOMOBILE IN AMERICA .............................................................4 By Adoption: America’s Introduction to the Automobile .......................................6 A Vehicle for the Masses .......................................................................................10 Mr. Ford’s “Tin Lizzy” ..........................................................................................13 General Motors and the Invention of Planned Obsolescence ................................15 From Great Depression to Arsenal of Democracy .................................................18 3 THE ROAD TO MODERN AMERICA .....................................................................23 The Search for Better Roads ..................................................................................24 Out of the Mud and into the Suburb ......................................................................32 Auto-Leisure: Motels, Road Food, and Drive-in Theaters ....................................36 4 THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES...........................................43 Defining the National Register ..............................................................................44 Building Bedrock: Preservation and the Park Service before 1966 .......................45 The New Preservation: Preservation Challenges Outside of the Park ...................51 v The National Register Defined ..............................................................................57 5 THE NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION .............................61 Property Type.........................................................................................................62 Significance............................................................................................................62 Criteria Considerations ..........................................................................................69 Integrity ..................................................................................................................70 6 MOBILE STRUCTURES ON THE NATIONAL REGISTER ..................................72 Terminology, Inventory, and Organization ...........................................................72 Historic Motor Vehicles .........................................................................................74 Historic Industrial Implements ..............................................................................85 Historic Ships .........................................................................................................86 Historic Locomotives and Rail Cars ......................................................................87 Historic Aircraft .....................................................................................................89 Conclusions ..........................................................................................................102 7 NATIONAL HISTORIC VEHICLE REGISTER .....................................................104 Comparing the National Registers: Vehicles and Places .....................................109 One National Register ..........................................................................................115 8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................116 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................121 APPENDICES A MOBILE STRUCTURES ON THE NATIONAL REGISTER: TABLES ...............127 vi LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: National Register Criteria for Evaluation ........................................................................63 Table 2: National Register Criteria Considerations .......................................................................69 Table 3: Seven Aspects of Integrity ...............................................................................................71 Table 4: National Historic Vehicle Register List .........................................................................107 Table 5: Comparison of Criteria used by the National Register and the NHVR .........................109 vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Oruker Amphibolos ..........................................................................................................7 Figure 2: 1886 Benz Patent-Motorwagen ........................................................................................8 Figure 3: 1893 Duryea Motor Wagon ..............................................................................................8 Figure 4: John Jacob Astor ............................................................................................................11 Figure 5: Curved Dash Olds ..........................................................................................................12 Figure 6: Ford Assembly Line ......................................................................................................14 Figure 7: 1927 LaSalle 303 Roadster ............................................................................................16 Figure 8: Clark Gable Duesenberg ................................................................................................19 Figure 9: Arsenal of Democracy GM Trucks ................................................................................22 Figure 10: Los Angeles Wheelmen Club .......................................................................................25 Figure 11: Early Roads ..................................................................................................................26 Figure 12: Lincoln Highway Sign..................................................................................................28 Figure 13: Road Construction ........................................................................................................32 Figure 14: Suburbs .........................................................................................................................34 Figure 15: Automobiles in the National Parks ...............................................................................37 Figure 16: Motels ...........................................................................................................................38 Figure 17: Drive-in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oyster Festival Friday, 4–10 P.M
    Fall/Holiday 2013 • FREE Places to go and things to do in the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula Inside: • Follow the path: Take the African American Heritage Trails Tour • Hunting Hideaways: Spend a weekend hunting and fishing on the Neck • Parades, music and more at the Montross Fall Festival 146 Gen. Puller Hwy, Saluda 758-5347 Mon. – Fri. 7 a.m. – 5 p.m. Sat. 8 a.m. – 1 p.m. Rivah (‘riv-â), n. [der. river]: 1. the lands and waters Ebb&Flow of the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula of t’s hard to believe but the 20th season of the Rivah Visitor’s Virginia, USA, particularly favored by urban dwellers IGuide is coming to a close. Summer has come and gone too for spring, summer and fall quickly. But even those who don’t list autumn among their favor- rs escapes. 2. a region in these Yea ite seasons have to admit, fall offers near perfect weather. 20 peninsulas bound by the It’s festival time in the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula, as ting Chesapeake Bay and the evidenced by the many oyster roasts, fall festivals and Octo- bra Rappahannock, Potomac berfests listed on our extensive calendar, which includes events ele and York rivers, inclusive. C adj.– rivah: refl ecting an through December 31. The Montross Fall Festival, a 60-plus year- attitude indicative of the old tradition in Westmoreland County, is highlighted on our fes- abundantly pleasant lifestyle tival page. Spend an afternoon or the entire day outdoors in the in this area. tiny town, browsing through arts and crafts, listening to live music and watching a parade.
    [Show full text]
  • Sound Explorations Educator Packet 2017.Pub
    Sound Explorations Educator Packet (360) 379-0438 PO Box 1390 Port Townsend, WA 98368 Email: [email protected] Fax: (360) 379-0439 www.soundexp.org Dear Educator, Thank you for choosing Sound Experience for a fun and exciting, hands- on learning experience aboard Adventuress for your group! This is an active learning and working voyage designed to enhance the curriculum in your classroom and build community through experiential programming aboard the schooner Adventuress. This pre-trip packet contains important information about your upcoming voyage. Please read it over thoroughly and utilize the checklist to ensure all required documents are turned in prior to the trip. Included is an overview of curriculum for the Sound Explorations program, history and information about the ship, required paperwork, and reference and resource lists you may use with your class before or after the trip to enhance the learning experience. You may visit http:// www.soundexp.org/index.php?page=teacherinfo for a few suggested activities for before and after your voyage. I will contact you approximately three weeks before your trip to cover any last minute details and gather any additional information about your group and program interests relevant to this trip. We do our best to tailor the experience within our ability. Please do not hesitate to call if you have any questions or concerns. Sincerely, Amy Kovacs Education Director Sound Experience P.O. Box 1390 Port Townsend, WA 98368 (360) 379-0438, ext. 2 (Phone) (360) 379-0439 (FAX) E-mail: [email protected] Website: www. soundexp. org Welcome! Sound Experience welcomes you to the historic schooner Adventuress for a voyage of exploration on Puget Sound.
    [Show full text]
  • 'A Commitment to the Business and Our Family'
    Vol. X, No. 2 Complimentary Friday, October 3, 2014 (860) 928-1818/e-mail: [email protected] THIS WEEK’S Putnam drafting QUOTE ‘A commitment to the “Success is social media policy following the business and our family’ MAYOR: ‘YOU CAN’T MAKE A pattern of life BUELL’S ORCHARD CELEBRATES one enjoys STATEMENT THAT WILL HURT 125TH ANNIVERSARY most.” OR EMBARRASS THE TOWN’ Al Capp BY JASON BLEAU times. NEWS STAFF WRITER The new policy applies PUTNAM — In an age to employees of the town where technology and hall, members of the INSIDE social media has become Board of Selectmen or part of everyday life for any other elected board or the average American, appointee, as well as the one town in the Quiet mayor himself. Falzarano PINION A8 — O Corner is taking steps to said that the policy is sim- B1-5 — SPORTS ensure those who repre- ilar to what the town’s Board of Education imple- EGALS sent the town, especially B3 — L on its leading board, do mented with many of its B7— REAL ESTATE not abuse these modern more than 100 employees B6-7— OBITS forms of communication. throughout the Putnam Putnam Mayor Tony School District, singing B9 — CLASSIFIEDS Falzarano has confirmed acceptable use contracts he is working on a new ensuring they will use policy that would ensure social media proper- LOCAL those who represent the ly without bashing or town are not abusing degrading the school dis- social media networks trict they work for. It is like Facebook and Twitter a practice used by many and are properly respect- employers throughout the Olivia Richman photos ing the town they work country in businesses big From left, Jeff, Patty, Mark and Jonathan Sandness stand in front of their sign and for while using these and small to ensure the retail tent.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Months in a Sneak-Box
    Four Months in a Sneak-Box Nathaniel H. Bishop The Project Gutenberg EBook of Four Months in a Sneak-Box, by Nathaniel H. Bishop (#2 in our series by Nathaniel H. Bishop) Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: Four Months in a Sneak-Box Author: Nathaniel H. Bishop Release Date: May, 2004 [EBook #5686] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on August 7, 2002] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, FOUR MONTHS IN A SNEAK-BOX *** This eBook was produced by Bruce Miller FOUR MONTHS IN A SNEAK-BOX. A BOAT VOYAGE OF 2600 MILES DOWN THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RIVERS, AND ALONG THE GULF OF MEXICO.
    [Show full text]
  • Anacortes Museum Research Files
    Last Revision: 10/02/2019 1 Anacortes Museum Research Files Key to Research Categories Category . Codes* Agriculture Ag Animals (See Fn Fauna) Arts, Crafts, Music (Monuments, Murals, Paintings, ACM Needlework, etc.) Artifacts/Archeology (Historic Things) Ar Boats (See Transportation - Boats TB) Boat Building (See Business/Industry-Boat Building BIB) Buildings: Historic (Businesses, Institutions, Properties, etc.) BH Buildings: Historic Homes BHH Buildings: Post 1950 (Recommend adding to BHH) BPH Buildings: 1950-Present BP Buildings: Structures (Bridges, Highways, etc.) BS Buildings, Structures: Skagit Valley BSV Businesses Industry (Fidalgo and Guemes Island Area) Anacortes area, general BI Boat building/repair BIB Canneries/codfish curing, seafood processors BIC Fishing industry, fishing BIF Logging industry BIL Mills BIM Businesses Industry (Skagit Valley) BIS Calendars Cl Census/Population/Demographics Cn Communication Cm Documents (Records, notes, files, forms, papers, lists) Dc Education Ed Engines En Entertainment (See: Ev Events, SR Sports, Recreation) Environment Env Events Ev Exhibits (Events, Displays: Anacortes Museum) Ex Fauna Fn Amphibians FnA Birds FnB Crustaceans FnC Echinoderms FnE Fish (Scaled) FnF Insects, Arachnids, Worms FnI Mammals FnM Mollusks FnMlk Various FnV Flora Fl INTERIM VERSION - PENDING COMPLETION OF PN, PS, AND PFG SUBJECT FILE REVIEW Last Revision: 10/02/2019 2 Category . Codes* Genealogy Gn Geology/Paleontology Glg Government/Public services Gv Health Hl Home Making Hm Legal (Decisions/Laws/Lawsuits) Lgl
    [Show full text]
  • November 1, 1888
    9 r- :<■ *. Buchanan R ecord, X PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY., TOUHST O .H Q LH ES . I am prepared to attend all cases in iny line upon short notice and in the hest manner. TERMS. SI.SO PER YEAR lUYAULE JN ADVANCE. EMBALMING A1VEPJ1SIHE RATES MADE KNOWN OK APPLICATION, VOLUME XXII. BUCHANAN, BEKRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY. NOVEMBER 1, 1888. NUMBER 4 0 . A SPECIALTY. OFFICE—In Record Building,OakS tree t T H E S IN O F O 3H S S I0 N . with the tube glued to my ear, too off, and thus gained twenty minutes. An Anaconda Killed in the Streets Satisfaction guaranteed in both prices and A FINE PIECE OF work. I also keep a full line of much numbed and bewildered to move, Then I arose, yawning, and went of Hew York. JU noA-RUT E. SANGSTEB. until suddenly the old Irishman spoke: sleepily about the store, counting up Business Directory. “Shure‘, mum, does she wurrk?” tbe sales, making entries in the book, It came out of the manhole of a sew It isn’t the thing you do, dear, I started as if I had been shot, and etc., etc. er near the corner of First Street and PICTURE FRAMES, It’s the thing you leave undone almost shrieked, aloud, so great was Just as I'was closin g the doors, a Second Avenue, on "Wednesday after­ SABBATH SERVICES. Which giyes you a bit of a heartache the shock of hearing a human voice at man came in for some fluid of digitalis. noon, October 3, just as school was And Mouldings for framing, always on ERVICES are lidd every Sabbath at 10:20 At the sotting ortho sun.
    [Show full text]
  • CRM Bulletin Vol. 12, No. 4 (1989)
    Cfffl BULLETIN Volume 12: No. 4 Cultural Resources Management • National Park Service 1989 A Technical Bulletin for Parks, Federal Agencies, States, Local Governments, and the Private Sector Difficult Choices and Hard-Won Successes in Maritime Preservation reserving the remnants of America's life, times, and travails. Scores of wharves, and working waterfronts Pmaritime past poses special chal­ lighthouses, lifesaving stations, and that survived the decline of America lenges and problems. Ships were built other marine structures were built on as a seafaring nation often have not to last for a few decades, and then, if isolated shores, on surf-tossed survived waterfront redevelopment not on the bottom, were torn apart beaches, or on crumbling cliffs. Sub­ and urban renewal. with sledges, axes, or cutting torches jected to the powerful fury of ocean Ships, lighthouses, and other mari­ by shipbreakers. Sailors lived a hard waves, and the corrosive salt air of time relics are often saved by people life at sea and ashore; often illiterate, the marine environment, many suc­ they left little written record of their cumbed to the sea. Those buildings, (continued on page 2) Grim Realities, High Hopes, Moderate Gains: The State of Historic Ship Preservation James P. Delgado hile maritime preservation is maritime cultural resources were historic vessels slowly followed, in Wconcerned with all aspects of the originally created to serve or assist large part after the Depression, with Nation's seafaring past, including ships and shipping. the establishment of maritime lighthouses, shipyards, canals, and Historic ship preservation in the museums that included large ships— sail lofts, the major effort and atten­ United States dates to the last cen­ Mystic Seaport being the first major tion has been devoted to historic tury, when public interest and outcry example.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Bids L St Day Ringer\~~~O Bill
    ... _- ---~ ~~~--~----- '<On Sale at ;J Omaha's Gr~ate!it J AU News Sunds and Best Five Cents 'THE EDI Weekly Newspaper VOL. XVII. OMA~. NEBRASKA, DECEMBER 24, 1920. NO.5. , " % RINGER \~~~O BILL URE ---,'~=~-------- c ISSI NERS T FA~~~lY HAVE \. BLO UP OPEN BIDS L ST DAY -::i \ ... City Hall Agog With Report Will Road Travelers Growling And Under­ Throw Over Police Head Current Becomes Very Dense ",j .:POOR DIPLOMATIC WORK CAUSES IT O'CONNOR SCOFFS AT UGLY REPORT Changes it. Commission Personnel Are Predicted by Wise Ones-­ Old Board 'Vill Open Bids 'on Twenty-seyen Miles of Paving Last Falconer Due for Retirement-Amateurs Are Slated Day of Its Existence-Material Men Take to Be Put On Political Shelf Lively Interest in Bidding It is said that Bill Ure, who has gov- t:he mayor is disgusted, tired of ~is erned, in his quiet way, the city coun- lJob and not very well pleased WIth The !ast day of 1920 will be celebrat- icoIn Highway still to be built to take eil for the last three years, has de-l'the company he has been in during e? Up' In the county commissioners' of- i the paving to the Dodge county line, cided to throw over Dean Ringer, in the term that is about to end. And, f1~e at the court house, where there just beyond Valley. It is considered the coming squabble for places on the b,esides that, Smith is believed to have W'Ill be opened bids on some tw'enty- highly probable this stretch will be let city commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Months in a Sneak-Box : a Boat Voyage of 2600 Miles Down The
    THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY ILLINOiS RISTORICAI SURVEY Four Months in a Sneak- Box. A BOAT VOYAGE OF 260O MILES DOWN THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RIVERS, AND ALONG THE GULF OF MEXICO. BY NATHANIEL H. BISHOP, AUTHOR OF "a THOUSAND MILEs' WALK ACROSS SOUTH AMERICA,' ANU '"VoVAOE OK THE PAl'ER CANUii." BOSTON: LEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS. NEW YORK: CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM. 1S79. COPYRIGHT, 1S79, By Nathaniel II. Bishop. Electrotyped at the Boston Stereotype Foundry, 19 Spring Laue. TO THE OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF THE LIGHT HOUSE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES Sbls ^ook is pcb'uatcb BY ONE WHO HAS LEARXED TO RESPECT THEIR HONEST, INTELLIGENT AND EFFICIENT LABORS IN SERVING THEIR GOVERNMENT, THEIR COUNTRYMEN, AND MANKIND GENERALLY. 1085S7 — INTRODUCTION. Eighteen months ago the author gave to the " public his Voyage of the Paper Canoe : — a geographical journey of 25oo miles from Ql'ebec to the Gulf of Mexico, during the YEARS 1874-5." The kind reception by the American press of the author's first journey to the great southern sea, and its republication in Great Britain and in France within so short a time of its appearance in the United States, have encouraged him to give the public a companion volume, "Four Months in A Sneak-Box," — which is a relation of the expe- riences of a second cruise to the Gulf of INIexico, but by a different route from that followed in the " Voyage of the Paper Canoe." This time the author procured one of the smallest and most com- fortable of boats — a purely American model, devel- oped bv the bay-men of the New Jersey coast of the United States, and recently introduced to the gunning V VI INTRODUCTION.
    [Show full text]
  • Lincoln Highway, with the Exception of an Approximately 1,750- Foot Section at the East End, Which Is Named North 174Th Street
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable". For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. 1. Name of Property Historic name Lincoln Highway Other names/site number DO00-014 2. Location Street & number Not for publication [ ] City or town Elkhorn Vicinity [X] State Nebraska Code NE County Douglas Code 055 Zip code 68022 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this [X] nomination [] request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property [X] meets [] does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant [] nationally [X] statewide [] locally. ([] See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of certifying official Date Director, Nebraska State Historical Society State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property [] meets [] does not meet the National Register criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Framework Book
    Chapter Eight Urbanization, 1880 to 1930 Industrial Expansion and the Gilded Age Progressive Era The Roaring Twenties 1880 to 1900 1900 to 1920 1920 to 1929 1880’s 1888 1900 1900-1910 1914-1918 1920 1929 ||||||| Skipjack America’s Region Internal World Region Stock sailboats first electrified population combustion War I population Market first trolley line, reaches engines exceeds Crash produced Richmond 3 million 4.5 million AN ECOLOGY OF PEOPLE SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AND PLACE ▫ 1880’s–wooden ▫ 1894–protestors, ▫ 1918–worldwide skipjack sailing known as Coxey’s Spanish influenza Ⅺ PEOPLE vessels specially Army, march on epidemic strikes adapted to Washington region Extraordinary changes swept across the Chesapeake waters demanding economic ▫ first produced reform 1918–Migratory Bird United States and the world between Treaty Act outlaws 1880 and 1930 (see Map 10). These ▫ 1882–Virginia ▫ 1898 to 1899– killing of whistling changes continued to alter Chesapeake Assembly approves Spanish-American swans, establishes funding to establish War fought with hunting seasons, and Bay life, from the countryside to the city. Normal and Spain sets bag limits on The region’s population doubled, from Collegiate Institute international ▫ 2.5 million in 1880 to 5 million by 1930. for Negroes and 1900–region migratory waterfowl Central Hospital for population reaches Many of these people settled in estab- ▫ mentally ill African- 3 million 1920–regional population exceeds lished rapidly expanding urban centers Americans in ▫ 1900 to 1910– 4.5 million such as Baltimore, Washington, Petersburg internal combustion ▫ Richmond, and Norfolk. Washington’s ▫ 1886–adoption of engines power first 1921–captured numbers grew at an incredible pace, ris- standard gauge links commercially German battleship successful wheeled Ostfriesland ing from about 75,000 in 1880 to 1.4 mil- all railroads in region and nation vehicles and (renamed the San lion by 1920.
    [Show full text]
  • To Cost $1,069,000
    •?* •••a;- ri 1175 St. Qeorge Ave. J. C7OS5 BLIC LIBRARY. RAHWAY, N. J. 1S22 J~. -__, USPS 115-760 20 CENTS VOL; 157 NO. 26 RAHWAY NEW JERSEY. THURSDAY, JUNE 28. 1979 1 BBC I tux feivriii HBlllt reduces reliance to cost $1,069,000 on nrooertv tax che city must sell the land The contracts Involve did not Dsrform die work Tic RsSsray Redevelop- ment Agency is going outof for less man $691,000, it development of parcels oi they had "promised. business, and it Is going to will have to apply all pro- land by private firms. New Jersey County $67 million and $43 mil- ceeds toward the loan, and Second Ward Councilman He was told one devel- Boards of Taxation have cost die city and federal oper did not perform as he lion respectively. government $1,069,000 to die balance will be for- John C. Marsh questioned begun to release figures Estimated Income from given. the work being done under bad promised, but steps had which showhigherproperty close out Its outstanding been taken to cash a $17,000 the tax in fiscal year 1979 bond issue. the contracts. He said he tax rates for most muni- of $845 million is still Mr. Rosa said, "The city wanted to know if die devel- note of credit payable when cipalities this year than The city will pay $101,- die developer does not do over $100 million short of 000, die federal govern- will inherit vacant land and opers were going to cause last year. This Information me spending program level two contracts, but no bills." problems for the city If they the work he promised.
    [Show full text]