This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
神州城外西湖暗流：十九世纪上半叶马六甲新加坡中文出版初探 = Western undercurrent along the China coast : a study of chinese printing and publishing in the first half of 19th‑century Malacca and Singapore
庄钦永 Chng Khin Yong
2006
Chng, K. Y. (2006). 神州城外西湖暗流 ：十九世纪上半叶马六甲新加坡中文出版初探 = Western undercurrent along the China coast : a study of chinese printing and publishing in the first half of 19th‑century Malacca and Singapore. Doctoral thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/6742 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/6742
Nanyang Technological University
Downloaded on 09 Oct 2021 05:25:22 SGT ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological Universi0 Western Undercurrent Along the China Coast A Study of Chinese Printing and Publishing in the First Half of 19th-century Malacca and Singapore Chng Khin Yong Centre for Chinese Language & Culture A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2006 ZfiVb ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library 2kWik¥ ( University of Puget Sound ) &J&M& ( Suzanna Wilson Bernett) WiWSt jtmnms. 1973 ¥m^^B±^mn±^x, m&m (scow pan) mftmn® 4$ft (The British Library) , f&fb^^ttff^Mfg ( School of Oriental and African Studies Library, University of London ) , $J #f ~fc ^P S 4$ i^ (Cambridge University Library), ^^^C^^fjSHH^tt ( Bodleian Library, Oxford University ) Ri&W^^m^ ( University of Birmingham Library ) %&>UM6f£JT&o £H m, #m*¥&mft®5mm%ttmfmmm'&m®%m:$, mm-, ^mm*® 45 tt (Harvard Yenching Library) „ $c&tHlfeBW¥®:ftt% ( Andover Harvard Divinity Library) , ^±^S^tf (Houghton Library) , #S#S^t5tt ( Lamont Library) W&HHM& ®$\8 ( Widener Library) 0 i^WHilii^ ( American Bible Society ) 1teMftMfflM'£tfyft£1ft&o ^lH^r^^lSl^rSt^ (Amherst College Library, Amherst, Massachusetts) HiUft^T^llW$}Ulfcffl0&B]£.¥£ (Belchertown Historical Association, Belchertown, Massachusetts) iii ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ^mi£W-k¥ib&&&m% ( Bodleian Library, University of Oxford ) 8OT&WJ§5##£-&fS^fi[ ( Detroit Public Library, Detroit, Michigan ) fe^MHiE^ffl^ft ( The Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston ) #^#F^l£c$-n IS4$tg ( Graduate Theological Union Library ) ^##^gtS4$i£ ( Luther Seminary Library ) /ff^^Pft^Mi^^ ( New Hampshire Historical Society ) M^^-^KW ( New York Public Library ) ^tfc&MH^UgjHj^^ ( The Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence, Rhode Island) ^it^^tt^JM W(W. E. B. DuBois Library, University of Massachusetts) IMW^^cE^S^ig ( The Burke Library, Union Theological Seminary ) mis, $mm®Pi?nimQ & 20 ^*, m^m^mE^^mmm^n. iv ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Acknowledgements I wish to thank the numerous individuals and institutions who have assisted me along this journey. I owe a debt of gratitude to both of my supervisors. To Professor Eddie Kuo Chen-yu, despite his heavy administrative works first as Dean, School of Communications and Information (till June 2003), and later Interim Dean, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, he spent many hours in reading my manuscripts. To Professor Chew Cheng Hai, Director, Centre for Chinese Language and Culture (till October 2003, and later Adviser to the Centre), who helped me refine my thoughts over the years and also painstakingly read through the entire manuscript. The following archives and libraries in United Kingdom and the United States of American allowed me to access and use their collections: American Bible Society Archives, The Oriental and India Office Collection, The British Library, Cambridge University Library, Harvard-Yenching Library, New York Public Library, The Burke Library of the Union Theological Seminary, University of Birmingham Library, School of Oriental and African Studies Library of the University of London. The following institutions provided me with microfilms and photocopies: Amherst College Library, Amherst, Massachusetts, Belchertown Historical Association, Belchertown, Massachusetts, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Detroit Public Library, The Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Graduate Theological Union Library, Luther Seminary Library, New Hampshire Historical Society, The Rhode Island Historical Society, University of Leeds Library, W.E.B. DuBois Library, University of Massachusetts, and the National University of Singapore Library. I also wish to thank the Nanyang Technological University for providing me with a Research Scholarship which enabled me to concentrate in research and finish the writing in time. I can never say, or do, enough to thank my wife Chiew Kuan who unfailingly makes my work, and my life, better than it ever could be without her. CKY v ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library %tmmim±mmMmmimmtmmmW:, vm&&%immis\®j&%& ©TM*H«t, WTOi^lA, -EfnSiJT^^M, f^lfWAifk^i, £#*H**!i vi ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Abstract Both the London Missionary Society (LMS) and the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) came to Malacca and Singapore in 1815 and 1834 respectively to establish Chinese printing presses. They produced religious pamphlets, as well as secular material (such as universal geography and world history, among others) written in Chinese by Protestant missionaries and their assistants. This thesis, after a brief literature survey of works on LMS and ABCFM, is broadly divided into four parts. The first part consists of Chapters 1-2. The first chapter deals with the political conflicts between the Qing and the British governments that led the two missionary societies to set up Chinese printing presses in the Malay peninsula, while the second examines both presses' workings (financial sources, printing process, number of titles published, print-run, etc.). The second part (Chapters 3-5) deals with the content of the publications. They examine the messages in the pamphlets, which were part of a ferocious multi-pronged attack on the beliefs of Taoism and the Chinese folklore religion; Chinese attitudes toward foreign trade; the ideological fence separating the Chinese and Western civilisations; and the humiliating restrictions of conduct and personal freedom. In order to change the Chinese belief that Middle Kingdom was at the centre of the world both politically and culturally, missionaries wrote books and articles introducing new geographical knowledge to the Chinese in Late Qing. The third part (Chapter 6) reveals the various ways missionaries employed to ship the publications (which were banned) into China and how they were circulated among the Chinese intellectuals. The fourth part (Chapters 7-10) looks at the impact of these publications on the Chinese scholars who read them. Chapter 7 examines the linguistic contributions of the missionaries to the modern Chinese lexicon. To express some Western ideas, missionaries had to coin new terms, which were later employed by the Chinese scholars. These new terms were the tools that allowed the intellectuals to tap into the mine of Western knowledge and widen their perspective of the world. Chapter 8 deals mainly on the influence on the thought of Hong Xiuquan (1814-1864) by the book written by Liang Fa titled Quan shi Hang yan (Good Words Exhorting the Age). Chapter 9 then examines how these publications proved to be a source of information from which Chinese intellectuals such as Wei Yuan (1794-1857) understood the world. In Chapter 10, we trace how these VI1 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library publications transformed the minds of some Chinese intellectuals. In examining their works, we discover that the age-old phrase "All under heaven" (5^T) gradually disappeared from their minds and they were awoken from their false sense of Chinese superiority. In conclusion, we quote a Chinese scholar, Professor Li Cunpu (^#+h), who wrote that without the missionary publications produced in Malacca and Singapore in the first half of the 19th century, a Chinese scholar like Wei Yuan would not have been able to produce his Haiguo tuzhi (An illustrated treatise on the maritime kingdoms). We can only say that the significance of these publications in the history of thought of Modern China cannot be ignored. viii ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library mt-. mftrnttimm 1 m-m f£»±##£flm 11 m-^ £, mw*mm.mmMimtkzi%%: 12 %-*$ #mfeWL£i$m±*& 15 HH^ ^A¥«^gtlM'J3: 18 mmn mmmMisticto&iiL 20 IH mmwzsM 24 Kir* fflJK "^TO&" M**^ 30 m-t> iHJK^^*as 30 ^-Hf TOJftJiSl^ 36 mHu ^##^t, ^w^s^a 40 IHT- mv\ 44 Sf$3/ff i«# 50 HAtr WJM 52 miEM #?m®z—. #«*^+aRRS?*#w;fcje/* 64 H-T> Sf "it#^T" , "BJUMr Wi£2£ 66 m^T M "%&&&" WiS*! 73 mmn ^fJ^W^zi: #«£i*AWW 82 S&-15- Jfrg "M^AIT' 85 ^-^ ^^r^+H^ff^aii 91 ^£# WJl*jW;t=: S^ttt^-^^if^ 101 H-Tf ,&UfeS£iW*S*flAtH:JH« 102 35-F MiiW$l*imm*m$iA$rftfc% 112 ix ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. 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M^tfe^t^wjo10 &?ftnw$imm, a*wj, mr- fP^^sr^H. T$L £>&mmmzft, m&^u^&tt^, H^^A? &)%*%&, mto&mmjwfcvffio tummmmft&m, mjXW5&&% mm, ?E*mxfo%m£±mmmnMmftm, n^M^^^mxm&ff mm±A¥%)&n}&mmnMnmo 2 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library (1807-1861) » -£M, HS4^L2bW (MMJWMBM^) > fP^tf) (#4* Mmfc, ^^+s^igo i960 ^mm^mtMxmmm^®,^, mmmM± M#ffi^ft ( Houghton Rare Book Library ) #f^, MMt 19 M± WS 20 ttt a 20 mxwimmmftm±*x&mm^imxmmpmo 1973 ^teisc^ SI—ti^ffi&g&&&5jA^£tt^#£l&I& ( Brian Harrison ) 0 1979 ^ ffeft<##*§: 3,7N¥^4$I£ [ 1818-1843] 5 19 tit *E-¥ #J ft ^ « > ( Waiting for China: The Anglo-Chinese College at Malacca, 1818-1843, and Early Nineteenth-Century Missions) tfeJKTo Silt, ^^tfffclfc^SE^MftjjIifcfS 3 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. 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Nanyang Technological University Library 7 mummim s CUHJ^MI^) m mmm), x 1997 ^ ami &&m fM7 1838 ^frl^MM^ffJI^^ £-, iA 20 ttt^a 90 ¥tt*PJ 2004 ¥¥*, *l^#^&Mflft7fM <&S 19 ttt*SS 20 tli:te^^^±tti:^*a^fiJ^4]aAWf^n(Slo SA¥*, *m¥%tt&m*m$i®&nxM#x±£o mmm±gm*i£ (^nn^mnm^m n immmmmfcm mm®*xnv\o23 &*M «&&> i?m» 25> «n«w {*m*±m$-tt*x&M— <$mn%mnm iEf^>»2(\ < (%nwn%nm^) jtmummn-iimMftm)) 2\ MM* w < <^«f^t£isf#> w&> 28 w&w*#w va^'MM^m^mx^mm. MTW^t&ra^ajJKMWfc, gftuiW^JALo iPI##f*fl, iftfc^fPS (Walter Henry Medhurst) ft «&Mi2^» , fXW2J^^t$: TOM (^B 31 «wttMftMSA> ; mm$m%xm imim&%mM*) Mmw 2 sr: f*x mm (if^tiTwiiiff—>A {xmm^nk) Mmfem^mmm}32 s£«> »33o f5ft±ttiia 80 ¥it«t?f^X^if^#^±^^:45fJa4^AW^@o 1985 ¥, 7 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library &mi6£»t 19 ttt*a±wf£it£, mm^ttH^. mimm^x^mm mm^wmiawkm, mmffimm^mmft, vm^mmmm*m®o Mrmffi^m, &nti\m&MAi -zmmTfefrR, mmxm^ki, &n#\*m A Report of the Anglo-Chinese College, with an Appendix, from January 1830 to June 1831 (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1831), 14. 2 W& «^B^iifciff^)) ( China Mission Studies [1550-1800] Bulletin ) 0 200l¥i§*M^=Jl!ia#iW^SE8£fiffi^ife**> (frit: ^MrHKt, 2002) , 5X 65a 4 $cM2004^EI£rHT 10^o 8 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ( VirgilePinot) ft <+H5l=ffeSfT^S«>^JSWlfl> W„ f$: ±»^t?:tB/Ktt, 2001) , 3T455-4940 9 [ m ] # s««n-18 titisMm&wft), «H^«^» & 4 $ < 1999), m 429, 10 ft+BX^x*i±, ^^*$&5mM&,£M^m^®m%-^¥-KMM&, ear /L^ "£-" = *-, ffe«££3A?£3 JftR¥mMM3zXM&, f ft^^SE^**, e5fc^±Kfcft^» (Samuel Kidd, 1799- 1843) , &£ffi£j*7f£tS[A^ (University College, London) ^—ff4"XIMS, f£f£&^ffi$f, tp^jt ^#Wft^Hffittj^^0 1843 ¥£3^l8ft-&^£fflJg£ ( 1817-1871 ) , #flJM& (James Legge, 1815-1897) fttfrlft, fcfa3M»W/M£ (^WiEMiBiljif > ff^^^t, ^$J The Rambles of the Emperor ChingTih in Keang Nan: A Chinese Tale, &ffc&fJ}JK0 H—, 1832 ^1M:#3|—*tfl$; JfcfriSWft + lfc^TiJ 11 mmnz (m¥*m5®.mt£) (±m-. ±mx&.+.««•., 1994), m 5a g$, ^S 19t£*r2A, -fc+¥ft, ft±*«tBSaiJRT#?SlaEA (Alexandra Wylie) 0f*6W*iaH5: «£^ S^fftM^tfciiE^: HMfeflft^ft—M^-^ihi) (Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese: Giving a List of Their Publications, and Obituary Notices of the Deceased ) ( 1867 ^f ) „ (1876 *mm$m±Rnft&±ffim%tft*mnXi&®.&mm:¥iBm> (Catalogue of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Collection at the United States International Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876 ) (1876^f)J) o 12 SLI£& <»£8F&ifc&> (£*: iiWiHJKth, 1994) , 3T277-303o #fft] C. Stuart Craig, 77ze Archives of the Council for World Mission (London: The Library, School : L : t : of Oriental & African Studies, 1973), 10 M f T&&Ml i%WL±2. t>XT&%t, M& 1962 *£1& ¥MMMM IS^rStrici 0l#l Andrew Gosling, "Introduction," in Catalogue of the London Missionary Society Collection Held by The National Library of Australia, compiled by Ching Sun and Wan Wong (Canberra: National Library of Australia, Asian Collections, 2001), 20 14 Suzanne Wilson Barnett, "Preface," in Christianity in China: Early Protestant Missionary Writings, edited by Suzanne Wilson Barnett and John King Fairbank (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), p.v. 15 mmftix. m&±m {m&&5*mxit&m % 5 m (&&•. wtif.+,Kit, 2003), M 354-392 o 9 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library 16 Patrick Hanan, 'The Missionary Novels of Nineteenth-Century China," Harvard Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 60 No.2 (December 2000) : 413-443, j&it^t/R'BcA Patrick Hanan, Chinese Fiction of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 58-84; ^^ti? x&mnm. t*&i*<+siatt'Haw^je> (±.m-. ±.n&ti&mtt, 2004), H68-ioi0 17 1997 *£ 4/3 8 HilHM + HWASMffStfc (Paul A. 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Nanyang Technological University Library Morrison, 1814-1843) ftffi£, &&%.-*E%i2t^&rH\Wm&T 4 7j#Wgt4$ f«J, " 5,900 ^ <£-BBW> (nm5M) R 5,000 0Wfco ^ftftUfc, fem±& ftS «£^0i$» itirH (ioo «) *q£«-/§ (400 *) m^o 45 £ifc£flfr&£ ^^^3c^^tio *t*£SW*;frKa, EM^^^, fiJ^fi^A^o 1832^!§£iii2i!&: S 1834^4^ 22 Bjg, &EM£tfJ*f^M#J«T E^IT (Henry J.T. Palmerston ) BbRSMtf, T&W^'lE'&T r*H, ftSW&£-K!A3£ MSR$, fS£9^Wo 1833 ¥^i$ll«ftifr-ft±ilim^, &¥&-&# m%. (Lord William John Napier) %&'%&&&&, *&^?f £1ftl»lftj^-^r 1834^7 ^ 15 Bwm%.&&nn0 +^3, «&rw, SE^^sntt, w mwy-fiw&^T-wAm, mxmm&&ffin0 mr&&£*¥ (1773 ~ 1835) iM£®/5, iA* "*^SI£, *«^#aifc" , ME. "^^fr&#j^*a A^MS, J>UG^@™, ^^i^^, B-^TOJ^; JLi^SBPWlttil, ^ u mm m%Mm&Aftft, B**H*£ 3mm%ftm&xM$zm" , m&i &mxmnxvwm^zftmmp, mmmmm—mmmtt^imo481835 ¥ 6 i? 26 0 (mjt-t^TsM fll) il^M^TT-iiilj^: 22 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. 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Nanyang Technological University Library i^KI Raymond Dawson, The Chinese Chameleon: An Analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), 65-89; fflRfe {XitffiM: ffift&^lftJFi&JtpW; xiixm , «(&%.*&&& (A*tt#f*^jK)»2001 ^msm, n84-85, J. M. Blaut, The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History (New York: Guilford Press, 1993), 1-43. 7 #*«&±j5c&'£inffitBtf:P-JW3!gj*&. "immmM <»#££•&: &£$£M+A+ William Jones, The Jubilee Memorial of the Religious Tract Society (London: The Religious Tract Society, 1850), 5-16» " — M^'M The British & Foreign Bible Society #^^H5 !$£# ($n&JB&^ fnj X3t# (fetfcflsA-^flJa) [#*i SBtfciStfiJKtt. 2000], M33) , EtiT-&$it£fiJFi-ii*l£& i: @^-ltt^M^^» (§?§: fc^Bft, 2001) , E571. 13 ««S#ffftfcAMil3*J, RT#fiI^S»f (Earle E. Cairns) *, feHH# <&*&*flft £#) Ut*: B*»itjjRtt, 2001 )0 14 C. Silvester Home, The Story of the LM.S,, 1795-1895 (London: London Missionary Society, 1894), 120; iilKtHlfSi) (ftdt: ft^[^^Ep45m, 1968) , M 590 15 — fl*±, ^#$ME The British & Foreign Bible Society i?2j3iH3:43£-£ ( JPiSSSft [ M. Broomhall] *, ®X^1$ (ft«#A4*l£> [#*t: MftXSrBJEtt, 2000] , K 33) , ft T.0 HJftjilfifeXWitiRK* 19 tJJ:*r2±W, 0f«, ft** 1822 ^##£i£A?rriJKM 16 »&«*> ISfXJti? <^U[#A^L2fc> (#*§: »fdt2tfiJKtt, 2000) , 51 33-350 ffe«£B'M3>FX, »«SttBW*b!9i«WXjbni4, isos E, tfcifcJtiX£j&£ IO^/FT, -£;* ?fi&*«i»i*ma^«#w»*, wus 19 « (1786) *epm&mfoiittMttft&ftm%u#i Mm&LfoWi±¥8i (Prince of Wales Island, !si$tff&M#3 Penang ) Ift>t'f'fr. £Sffl, i*T-M 17 (£1&7jSfc#> itHAn "-IEt0*, BP-^HTE'&^Ao " ( a <*M> IK KII^AJ] , flf 30 T ) ; Quarterly Chronicle Vol.2 (1821): 3 PJ& 146,000,000 Ao iiJi 19 tSIS H^rAtfjftit, *&, migfBJMfP^jif^, £ 1805 W, ^HAn^^ 264,ooo,ooo A, tfc <^ift TJgB&ff» ^f^f^R^^^rfi 83%o #Rl Ho Ping-ti, Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1955 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959), 56Q 18 1698 ¥, &m*fym&n±m&eTmt$M1%, ft%*t&m%f&m&o J- L. Cranmer-Byng, 'The First English Sinologists: Sir George Staunton and the Reverend Robert Morrison," Symposium on Historical, Archaeological and Linguistic Studies on Southern China, South-East Asia and the Hong Kong Region (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1967), 247-248; >PJ#^L «#*t, ftlll-^—tfJlJt flH^£HM*f*Nftfc> , E£ <#*£#&> (#*t: «§M54k, 1998) , 5i390 191662 wi, EfcT£Btt^*m*MfeEft£Wffltt, mmm&mnmmm%, tur^sf* ftftJgKffiMfllffifc* 30-50 MMrtitk, «]fc*9l*iS*£$tof&#&8So Immanuel C. Y. Hsu, 77ie th /toe of Modern China. 6 ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 140-1410 20 Immanuel C. Y. Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, 138-139. 21 T#«<«I3HW£»»*> («: ^mfr&ftWmt, 1999) , 51199-204, 22 Immanuel C. Y. Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, 141 —142 „ 26 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library 23 %wm*£.m<*nj953fe*fift> (^m&-. miux^mmt, 1999), ^ 135-06; &*«j *, ffikm., *B&m wmftttA) (±M) , 3u48-i49 24 0 (+mm\\}M^, m-xx, rmz, ^io-na 25 =?*m {m±m#i^%iM.m , ^220-2210 *^o £r*n, *•&& "#ft" M#M&W, Miiitf^T.^, mm, &^*im, m^m^, Robert Philip, The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne, D.D. (London: John Snow, 1840), 130-131. 7 "Religious Intelligence," The Panoplist and Missionary Magazine for the Year 1815, Vol XI: 365; Robert Philip, The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne, D.D. , 140-153. 28 Robert Philip, The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne, D.D., 149. 9 William Milne, A Retrospect of the First Ten Years of the Protestant Mission to China (Malacca: Anglo-Chinese Press, 1820), 135-137; Robert Philip, The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne, D.D., 120-121. 30 Clifton Jackson Phillips, Protestant America and the Pagan World: The First Half Century of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1810-1860 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 21-22. 31 m$.#%mmmAo 19 m^^Erw^m^mw daibot) mm&Tn daibot, oiyPhant & co) 0 &&mm*mmft&^tfMm-*mmmftMt\-mm7> nmx®fr(+m&m) (The Chinese Repository) ii^Hftfe^ijMric, ffe&.+,£*3£Sffc&£fSU^MS.+,JK «M3fW^ H» (Hokkien Dictionary) 0 1851 *f£ig|t&*f&*ET?f^0 #JB. + H*t#$-^Kifitt£flr£JJIfffil i*£ (baronet) 0 ^R^^*^=^o ^^W-M4\ «f££gTii^»1£^W0 1811 ¥, £.+.# ^m&epm&^MmMji&mfiLX. (m&x) ^R^ (campbein mmr, i&A^m^m^mm %a 1812 ^, 18 ^W^-m^mmn^imMiZ (junior writer) 0 *Q WM«*r T.ftlft £EA*KMJ1. ^T^*^ 1821 ^fiffiSSLIRM ( supra-cargo ) , 1825 ¥«?|-2j«tf$ (secretary) . ®M, *^B#fit&££, MitttfrSHifeFflr^o 1827 ^, ItkHSiJ + ao 1831 ^, 36 ^Mffeefffl-ftsfclKo 1831 *£, gJ^T + P^Sfflfito wm&.&*m&&m#., %ttmfeW(.&2:miRmtoKm, ik%e.rwL&R/&m®ft±m&, 5,%mm&m^w. mi %• 1 £+«3s0 HJ^JFT. ^W£i9tfftfflr&$&, 1832 ¥aAH#, as tt±«RS5HiEJ**, #^F7j7jto£PA^J&&iM3tfiJ, **4, ftfcjtftS^Mo #03 Roger Marjoribanks, 'The Life of Service, At Home and Abroad," The Marjoribanks Letter (October 1991): 2; ^ ft: fSfSN^^, 2000) , ]Ell5 ft 20 36 Immanuel C. Y. Hsu, 'The Secret Mission of the Lord Amherst on the China Coast, 1832," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 17 (1954): 231-252. 37 {m%m%36M(±*: * 27 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library 130-144o X; ilTt^^WJtilTi^, rWM ((^^iAJU» (Chinese depository ) tiiffi'S^.A.f: i^££, fUS^h 1832^ 11 H-^-Jl. 38 *mmnmmm&i£ 1830^ n n 5 B&rw&jLo ®%&%mii&'£?. mnm, w-ftic &HTOA£M ( Charles W. King) ^0 l££W < M 0 if »Hiffl » WJ!£&#lft#ft|tilJK„ IAL "Brief History of the Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, from its Commencement in Feb. 1830" [ABC 16.3.11]. William Jones, The Jubilee Memorial of the Religious Tract Society: Containing a Record of Its Origin, Proceedings, and Results, A.D.I799 to A.D.1949 (London: The Religious Tract Society, 1849), 479-4820 J*9^:ti$/N»^< Alexander Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese , 23-240 40 *g£M 49 «?t^^»^37iDt, #-A-b, M95-960 50 i^fft] "Missionary Labors for China and the Chinese in Other Countries," The Missionary Herald Vol.XXXI No. 6 (June 1836): 229-232; George Hunter McNeur, China's First Preacher: Liang A-fa (Shanghai: Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, 1934), 72; Michael C. Lazich, E. C. Bridgman (1901-1861), America's First Missionary To China , 9. 51 Robert Philip, The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne, D.D., 130-131. 52 #/h# C^Jt$#>mf^Mmr£*ASife>> , «4>L1JA^M (ttftJK) » 1996 $$-% 6 m, 5X92-100o 53 ABCAR 1836, p.98. 28 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. 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Bible, Tract, and Education Societies," The Missionary Register for MDCCCXXXVI (Feb 1836): 96; Missionary Register (February 1836): 94; Missionary Register (March 1839): 122. 9 *"rtfrU «^H» , «£4$T>)$» Rm^XWW&m.&&feWL%ft&Wft$l. #131 Report of the Anglo-Chinese College and Chinese Mission at Malacca (Malacca, 1825?), 9-10; A Report of the Malacca Mission-Station and the Anglo-Chinese College, from January 1830 to June 1831 (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1831), 6; ftffi (^It&Q, 1825-1873) , fp£ m^LS^^IC^^l^, M) (ftdt: £?^£^, 2000) , 3ll75o 10 Km {*¥X^*V, 1825-1873) , M 175, " ^tft¥^Al!C S^LiaSq, MB 1831 ^1^7 HrM^Hl^tgo EA Report of the Malacca Mission-Station and the Anglo-Chinese College, from January 1830 to June 1831 (Malacca, 1831) ffj^lflS $H £iM$&)E 26, A Report of the Malacca Mission-Station and the Anglo-Chinese College, from January 1830 to June 1831 (Malacca, 1831), 25-27. 13 £BQ The Annual Report of the Manchester and Salford Anglo-Chinese College Association ffl— ( 1826 ) ~ +0 ( 1839 ) l^flz^o The Ninth Report of the Anglo-Chinese College; for the Years 1832 and 1833 (Malacca, 1834), 15-16, i£ftiim¥^M^4^Ei*i*£^l^fto fSfllHltm^ll?^ 14 *Wi=^t-£i£} (3AEF: %*W&, 1822) , Bfl2±-15±0 15 J&feJS 1811 *£$}& 9 Mmfcmfc&lh 500 £&, 1814 ^, 1815 *p, 1818 ^, 1820 ^S 1823 ¥#3/ 1,000 ^^; «S 1827 ^ ft 1828 ^#^7 300 3I!£3 #1$ 77ie Sixteenth Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society for the Year 1820, pp. lxxvi-lxxvii; Missionary Sketches No.IX (1820), n.p.; Missionary Sketches No.IX (April 1820), n.p.; "Chinese Version of the Bible; Manuscript in the British Museum; One Version Undertaken in Bengal, and Another in China; With Brief Notices of the Means and Measures Employed to Publish the Scriptures in Chinese Previous to A.D.1830," 77ie Chinese Repository Vol. IV No. 6 (October 1835): 257-261 „ X Robert Philips £ The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne., Missionary to China (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1840)%, #iM 1823 ^^#^45^ Mtf£l&£ 6,000 ^m^%^Xmi, ®%\fc*m% 1827 R 1828 gJFTWfc# 300 ^uDJilfc ( £ 160) 0 16 The Ninth report of the Anglo-Chinese College; for the Years 1832 and 1833 (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1834), 15. 17 W^^S^tByJ^£j5xUL#f:, #(S] William Jones, The Jubilee Memorial of the Religious Tract Society (London: The Religious Tract Society, 1850), 5-16, — J&±, ^#&J^*HJE Religious Tract society m$tt*i}&ftifcMs& ({^LJ&^+XWJ.+.IK}, ^ \D , •M^itx&mn 19 ffi^W^iftJigS*, &Hlrt£ffl*1t <=£f.#ifc> mXW: i*M£4$l£, 1822)*fj*#l 18 -£fn##JJi 1814 ^ffllft 400 %<&; 1815 ^ 700 ^|# ( -&g 300 £&, E-&1: 400 $ ft) ; 1817 ^p 500 ^^; 1825 ¥ 300 ^^; 1834 *£ 1,000 3i^3 #fg) William Jones, The Jubilee Memorial of the Religious Tract Society: Containing a Record of its Origin, Proceedings, and Results. A.D.1799 to A.D. 1849, 471-483, 489-490; Robert Philip, The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne, D.D., 160. 55 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library A Report of the Malacca Mission-Station and the Anglo-Chinese College, from January 1830 to June 1831 (Malacca: Printed at the Mission-Press, 1831), 6-7; The Ninth Report of the Anglo-Chinese College for the Years 1832 and 1833 (Malacca, Printed at the Mission Press, 1834), 15; William Jones, The Jubilee Memorial of the Religious Tract Society: Containing a Record of its origin. Proceedings, and Results. A.D.1799 to A.D. 1849, 9-10, 475, 479-481; Missionary Register (January 1832): 29; Missionary Register (May 1834): 231; Missionary Register (February 1835): 90; "Liang Afa to American Bible Society, 1833", ABS Historical Essays Vol.VI, p.E-63, Missionary Register (February, 1834): 66; Su Ching, 'The Printing Presses of the London Missionary Society Among the Chinese," pp. 134-135. Report of the Chinese Mission at Malacca (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1830), 3; 3Kfjf ( mi®M*xm\ftM%m , tmmmM3&5*x%m&m (Git-. &rn¥3L$m, 2000 , 3t43-440 21 Report of the Chinese Mission at Malacca (Malacca, 1830), 3; ^f| {^tLia-^^CWJ.+iliS » , ft 49o 22 77ie Sixth Annual Report of the Anglo-Chinese College; MDCCCXXV11I (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1828), 14; Report of the Eleventh Year of the Anglo-Chinese College, being MDCCCXXIX (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1829), 10-11; 3>f| (X^mM: £pJrgiJ.+,M£K#l±£g-§-^# Robert Philip, The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William Milne, D.D., Missionary to China, 116; "Chinese Version of the Bible; Manuscript in the British Museum; One Version Undertaken in Bengal, and Another in China; With Brief Notices of the Means and Measures Employed to Publish the Scriptures in Chinese Previous to A.D. 1830," The Chinese Repository Vol. IV No. 6 (October 1835): 258.; ^LitAA m, mikp& imi&mrm) (&&-. rHffi^*»t, 2004), Mm, 24 The Sixth Annual Report of the Anglo-Chinese College (Malacca, 1828), 14. 25 Report of the Eleventh Year of the Anglo-Chinese College, being MDCCCXXIX (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1829), 49-50 <, 26 Report of the Anglo-Chinese College and Chinese Mission at Malacca (Malacca, 1825?), 9D ii^rS -£WJT500flJro 7 Report of the Protestant Mission at Malacca (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1828), 7. 18 Report of the Chinese Mission at Malacca (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1830), 3. Report of the Anglo-Chinese College and Chinese Mission at Malacca (Malacca, 1825), pp.9-10. Jessie Gregory Lutz, 'The Grand Illusion: Karl Gutzlaff and Popularization of China Missions in the United States During the 1830s," Patricia Neils, ed., United States Attitudes and Policies Toward China: The Impact of American Missionaries (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E.Sharpe, 1990), 46-77. 'hA-^J'^zs-fPiifc^^fa i^\§\ An Abstract of the American Bible Society, Containing an Account of Its Principals and Operations (New York: Daniel Fanshaw, 1830), 5-6 & 13. 2 ABS Historical Essays, Vol.VI; John R. Hykes, The American Bible Society in China: the Story of Eighty-two Years' Work (Shanghai: Printer by the Commercial Press, n.d.), 4-6. 33 '£%:%&&il$t}%$l.'bM^F£ ( New York Religious Tract Society ) ( J&iT 1812 ¥ ) ^££ & ( Andover ) Wfr^^hflfH^ ( New England Tract Society ) ( &AL1? 1814 ^ 5 R 23 0 ) % 34 "Gutzlaff s Distribution in China," The American Tract Magazine Vol. IX No. 2 (Feb. 1834): 13. 35 Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the American Tract Society, Boston, Presented at Boston, May 29,1839 (Boston: Printed by Perkins & Marvin, 1839), 56 ^R^Wi 1,200 HTUO ^&, £—XMMW& 40,000 % ( J£ James Milnor, Chairman. Dated New York, 25 July 1839 [ABC 16.2.4]) 8 %L%\k%%^ it«^ft1£'h^£*&#*#J£ 40,000 in, R%mmU£ 1,200 T£MB, mMM&m£ 1840 ^ ¥$, &i*-¥HM*ttJ:/j^£Htt^ L213.28 7£ft%mt&T,ftMjt®; M&r$in$t.m\Rm T430 7Co 36 "Proceedings Relative to the Formation of a Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in A China," The Chinese Repository Vol. Ill No. 8 (Dec 1834): 3830 ^XWXUL^^X^. {&'£WLH &® £|B]» (T'>H: r&tfcWrtJt£*t, 2000) , M 421 „ fflWmtfflX.!JlT- "First Report of the Society 56 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China, with the Minutes of the First Annual Meeting, Held at Canton, October, 19th, 1835," The Chinese Repository Vol. IV No. 8 (Dec 1835): 355. "Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China," Missionary Herald Vol. XXXI No.7 (July 1835): 268-269. 38 €#»«-#£**, ftX&toj&WmffjZiSF-o ^mm^Xmim (Robert Bennet Forbes) ft ^#**&Hfc£Sl*A*H«^ 1839^ 3 n 28 B&fcriMfo ftT^f6^4Ms^R£il£#*fl£ £ (Mr Turner) ffi*H.&££ , 0f Wffcffj^fclfl&^am+Hftg^fco #19 Robert Bennet Forbes, Letters From China: The Canton-Boston Correspondence of Robert Bennet Forbes, 1838-1840 (Mystic, Conn.: Mystic Seaport Museum, 1996), 1150 39 J. Beeching, The Chinese Opium Wars (New York: Harvest, 1976), 61. 40 "First Report of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China, with the Minutes of the First Annual Meeting, Held at Canton, October, 19th, 1835," The Chinese Repository Vol. IV No. 8 (Dec 1835): 356; 'The Third Annual Report of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China; Read at a General Meeting Held in Canton, Nov. 20th, 1837," The Chinese Repository Vol. VI No. 7 (Nov 1837): 339; "Fourth Annual Report of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China; Read at a General Meeting, Nov. 21st, 1838," The Chinese Repository Vol. VII No. 8 (Dec 1838): 403. 41 "Gutzlaff s Letter of Thanks," American Tract Magazine 12 (3) (March 1837): 67; Jessie Gregory Lutz, 'The Grand Illusion: Karl Gutzlaff and Popularization of China Missions in the United States During the 1830s," 51. 42 "Brief History of the Mission of the ABCFM in China, from its Commencement in Feb. 1830" [ABC 16.3.11]. 43 Jos. T. Dickinson, Ira Tracy, Stephen Tracy, A. North and Jos. S. Travelli, to ABCFM, "Annual Report, 1837. Dated Singapore, 8 Feb 1838." 44 $m%& «*Pi> -4SM, tt«*« 2,000 SBAff*** (££> %m, tr*{bH#*HM stf&omij&mQimitoto mm^m^am^m^^M^HiM, m^ 1,901 •&&, rsw&pj* 1,515 £®0 5$;fr&*#M, RH 1,262 %®, HJHSil? 600 ££&„ #(3 W. H. Medhurst, China: Its State and Prospects (London: John Snow, 1838), 569-571 „ C^^AO tilW—^XMtt$i mm, M, Tg^ffijKMrit*. m®35 i^m} -^u^m^zm^o #1$ Typography Sinensis, "Estimate of the Proportionate Expense of Xylography, Lithography, and Typography, as Applied to Chinese Printing; View of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Each," in The Chinese Repository Vol. 3 No. 6 (Oct 1834): 246-252 45 0 im «4>£5£P» , VL& im\M5*xfvm&m, n m-m0 46 ABCAR 1834,97-98. 47 ABCAR 1835, 71; ABCAR 1837, 89-90; fflfe itSi^^^XfS^) , K 197 48 0 J M3\ 1843 ^JKfcfttJM. MLWLM1b&£. M^#'K^^m^^^^^lSH45K4 ^EPffi'J.+1 mm±mm, *&&%&&& 1,540 T-, H^sosm- 3,232 T-^M-#= mmm mfc5*x %¥> , M 191-202, 49 wtsmm^, ^^mmm^xim*, mr^m (samuei Kidd) rn m^HEim B&i6> ( 1829 WfT) JifflS^JR^l^, ^ftfc^ff^PIStliSWL #ISI Report 0/ ie5e Mission at Malacca (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1830), 3; Alexandra Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese (Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1867), 49, XC8I UtJiC: ^SHJXikfriJRtt, 1995) ,5172, 50 mmm® {&.rkmiatM&Mf£¥), &n {is&ew%$.8.nfa—&-&%&%&&%. XM) (#&: 4>g4$*tbJK$t, 1998) , 51427, 51 Typographus Sinensis, "Estimate of the Proportionate Expense of Xylography, Lithography, and Typography, as Applied to Chinese Printing; View of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Each," The Chinese Repository Vol. 3 No. 6 (Oct 1834): 248-249; Ifcft (S'firtfc't'PfSifc^lk^—?£JafO> , g * {mm5*xm\ftm , n i460 52 "Inventory of the Chinese paper, ink, and printing materials for Chinese, in the possession of the Singapore Mission, January 20, 1841." [ABC 16.2.4 Vol.1]; "Extracts from a Letter (by E. C. Bridgman) 57 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Dated Canton, March 18, 1836," in Monthly Extracts ABS No. V & VI (Oct 30,1836): 43; "Extracts from a Letter Dated Canton, March 18, 1836," Monthly Extracts (American Bible Society) No. V & VI (Oct 30, 1836), 43. 53 »ft***F. *mMx-amxm^M¥ iooi\ T.^-AETN+S:, %MJL%K& 1,500- i,8oo Xo nnm-mm 0.5-0.6 x-zmm* umitnm% 1,000 x$tn, mzmm&ft^ 1 i M5^iH8 &2.ma #f*a^jg. «4'Pl7ift[?U$»fuI£» (±fS: ±fSAK.+,Mt., 2000) , K3663 54 "Letter from Rev. Mr. Bridgman," The American Tract Magazine Vol. XI No.3 (Mar 1830):40-41. 55 tkmmxm, mnftmm%fc*mAm%%fe^*^>*^xit*mmtk, u&mm S^T.fl, ^AEF/EO "Singapore. Report of the Mission for the Year 1837," The Missionary Herald Vol. 34 No. 11 (Nov 1838): 419. £*h *R«ffe«&0fi28 12 £^#rj£3/S'gL|£4', Bfc7^££*K (^W{£^£ (literary graduate ) MZ^t ( Lew Chechang ) W^vt ( Choo Tsing ) . ^%\M, *MA M??'IIW&]i£%.£W%t.±i%'iftX'T? #fftl "Circular from the China Mission," The American Tract Magazine Vol. X No.9 (Sept 1835): 135, The Report of the Directors to the Thirty-Second General Meeting of the Missionary Society, Usually Called the London Missionary Society, 1826, 27. 57 "China," in The Missionary Herald Vol.24 No.2 (Feb 1828): 196. { B&L&iiE) MnmR&&M (%) ¥fgrtf£#3 " nmn^^m±^ (%MB) , a LMS Archives 0 9 William Dean, "Chinese Worship - Additions to the Bangkok Church," The China Mission AdvocateVol.l No.6(June 1839): 161. Robert Morrison, Memoirs of the Rev. William Milne, D.D. Late Missionary to China, and Principal of the Anglo-Chinese College: Compiled from Documents Written by the Deceased To Which are Added Occasional Remarks (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1824), 109. 61 BFBS Minutes of Committee, Vol. 26, 3 July 1837. 62 From Bridgman to Rev. Anderson. Dated Canton, March 7, 1827. [ABC 16.3.8 Vol.1]; Tenth Annual Report of the American Tract Society (New York, 1835), 81; Eleventh Annual Report of the American Tract Society (New York, 1836), 91. ^BflMW, &ft^ftUfe^&M%#Xfo%T&3\&tW &£#If£ttfS«±*£Mfitt, B#£#*H*&t, SUfc, 1840 ¥M&£iXH3SF3SJ!rttt/h4s# £«H. »&, &**, 3A¥£Ei£M##J«:£^#J^£#*¥lr^;tto mm "Letter from Rev. Mr. Medhurst," 77ie American Tract Magazine Vol. XV No.10 (Oct 1840): 122. 63 "Approved for Publication Abroad," The American Tract Magazine Vol.XXIII No. 8 (Aug 1838): 134; "American Christian Press Abroad," The American Tract Magazine Vol.XIV No. 2 (Feb 1839): 16. 64 m\, 1837^ ii ft 30 Bftrfl^ja 1835-36,'VoMr/ja/ of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Vol.11 (1971), 55 a 65 William C. Hunter, Bits of Old China (Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1911), 261. 66 Um 1840^4^ 12 Bi&n (Peter Parker) E£M-iM$i*, *J£gg£r'>H^ffiJtHM ^^^tft/J^^&ll^^-o E "China. Letter from Doct. Parker, Dated Canton, April 12th, 1840," in The Missionary Herald Vol.36 No. 11 (Nov 1840), 431. 67 "Extracts from the Journal of Mr. Milne, Missionary at Malacca, for 1815", Quarterly Chronicle Vol.1: 88 68 A Report of the Malacca Mission-Station and the Anglo-Chinese College, from January 1830 to June 1831 (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1831), 6-7. 69 *EfrU!&± (John Innes) ft <£4S#|5)£> ( 1832 ^fij ) , (A«> (? ) ( The Beatitudes) (1834 *£) , £#!* «A^» (? ) (Tract on Heaven) ( 1835 ^flj) , m%. «i£JI ; H£tfrjftT&£H«> (1836¥fJ)$^K«}§ g-&i6» (1839) 0 70 #Ri»H!i <»«^»j£9sfs«£> (f^jb: timmzw^'®, ms), m iss-m-, m ftZ {®¥JEffi5$tmtt.£} (±M: ±tSAR{l5lKtt, 1994) , H 140-141,, 58 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library 71 &&& <*£* (ummm^m) wttmRnmx}, 2003 ^ n n 21-22 awmmmn^ 72 <*^ifc&> (The Chinese Repository) ^-HgmXMZ ifl&MM) Zft&, fM^Wi*^ ZmmRmitfift. ft MM ~h W\ iX #-£.+, US =f 1840 ¥, l^&BflffJSiJilil.^ #13 "Literary Notices. Mowyih Tung Che, or A Comprehensive Treatise on Commerce. 8vo. pp.61. With a Chart," The Chinese Repository Vol. VIII No. 12 (April 1840), 646-647; Alexandra Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese (Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1867), 61 „ : m) o #l3i£5±*fS 573 JS&SW5fe»f[^> (i£tP: EJllAKriiHSIt, 1999 ) PfT^—. H, 15 340-367. 9 "Christian Missions in China," 77ie Chinese Repository Vol. 3 No.12 (1835), 566. 80 Patrick Hanan,"The Missionary Novels of Nineteenth-Century China," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies Vol. 60 No. 2 (December 2000), 413-443, especially pp.413-431. 81 StT-MMttJiSf^^fJ, f£fn#f»*£3 1822 if 9 n 23 0M£ffffc±*frl£ (Samuel Milton, 1788-1848) f}g# "f^iiWf^AEtJigTE (type-cutters) i4tf-*fft + ltfflfJ —f^+JCffiTfJ^SIS^ifB^fi^Jo #KJ Su Ching, 'The Printing Presses of the London Missionary Society Among the Chinese," pp.154-155,4010 The Report of the Directors to the Thirtieth General Meeting of the Missionary Society, Usually Called the London Missionary Society, on Thursday, May 13, 1824, 48-49; The Report of the Directors to the Thirtieth General Meeting of the Missionary Society, Usually Called the London Missionary Society, on Thursday, May 12, 1825, 47. 83 ft mmtmm±&±m m, ftm&j]&mto*jvem*w& i824 ^s i826 ^lut 1 FJfT—%Mtfife$L$- %i, #•& 1824^D[flJ1+l 26^o #1*3 Alexandra Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese, 46 0 84 m «&H##» m {*mn%nRmzm m%m%mm?m%zmvmmfoo mm* £E3H--£ ClSJig) , Pf72± (63) 85 a %£m(*mm¥&}. M 64; jm^{*mmtmi%.) (±m-. ihmm^^,m±, 198D , j5n-12; MM (*mmmnm?£m£.) (±m-. %E.X^^M\., 2001 >, 5ti3-i50 86 Robert Morrison, Memoir of the Rev. William Milne.D.D. (Malacca, 1823), 50, 52 & 54. 19 tft*g BT, %% "magazine" -^ "newspaper" , "gazette" 0f#f Jl ?!::£: ^I^W^fc (So "magazine" fftfc± tftiEf^} , "^EiEf^" Jk^in "magazine" ZJtJL^X&MHo M "newspaper" !£ "gazette" f£i&± 4>£i?ft "DfPC , "ffiW . "gffSiar = 1828 ^fc±£M (^TSfH>^if 87 MS, ffffJ^ifi 11 ¥/S, Afn£Jt#&f#J$fW, tfelU "The Chinese Magazine" ffct, # |£] "Literary Notice. The Chinese Magazine", The Chinese Repository (September, 1833): 235. 59 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library 88 (^rmm) mmmmMM im-fiBM} $-7 n ¥, autism—»+:*:« %o nm, JEmmi&, &wm£tm&mft^ i828¥ i^rmm) z^m0 96 STi^AMffi 1828 ¥ 2 J3 27 Hittl:, M 1828 ^ 5 i! 20 B Afa/acca Observer ( «5,A^ m^ffi) ) $fit 1828^6^ 5 0 Singapore Chronicle ( <£fJjn#2r2*flO ) U^ «ATff«» fclflj ^\dmM±2i2.m$., mi i^rmm} &&&& i828*M-5n®, 97 ^fft-^W^ 1 ' London Missionary Society: A Register of Missionaries, Deputations, etc. from 1796 To 1923, prepared by James Sibree (London: LMS, 1923), 24; Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese, 47-49. Si^tlifflT^SAffl 6 #*h ftW <#?«##&*&> . 102 S^ftM^iL 103 (tX.inWtt^-^^H+^)) ~Z.i£.%x*h Lecture on the Nature and Structure of the Chinese Language, Delivered at University College; (^PPI) —^fS^^^a^J China, or Illustrations of the Symbols, Philosophy, Antiquities, Customs, Superstitions, Laws, Government, and Literature. Derived from Original Sources, and Accompanied with Drawings from Native Works-_ jSW^^HJlJ^f 1838 %-R 1841 ^ftf&lfc &) Taylor and Walton Hi fig3 ^CSJ Report of the Chinese Mission at Malacca (Malacca: Printed at the Mission Press, 1830), 2; Su Ching, 'The Printing Presses of The London Missionary Society Among the Chinese," p. 144 & 443 note 101105 c &%&=?%&&&% 1867 %-m*&iii£ «s#ifc£iisf#!$[±iHi«»: " vmn*,m m&m o 4 #0 r^ffftniS, 1833-18370 SiJT^T 1833 ^8/3l Bttr#UHJKo Mfc, -s^ffin^.Hifig, m&ti%mmiiW, M$\ 1837 %-*3L$\*m&m%." g-mwrn* (#KI 60 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Alexandra Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese, 58 ) fri?!J.*E^JSISi5J^ifelP$5R Rftj£l833¥(HE^) M1837^(TM¥) WI6#, 1838 ^£)Ff «£H##» M£&«t* + ! 106 ^m^itA^i^, ia^<«fafift«ika«^: isi5~i874» (itiTiK) (»: +Hit^ ft^tiUK*4:, 2002) , 51 44, 'rftjl. Tffi^JPJift: '-BWViMm\Mmfc-Mfc]faT 1838 ^ 4 aii&^.+.jKtt, 2003), m 272; im^m {#m$itt*±M$.) HIM-. taAR^^.+.jR ft, 1996) , S2720 107 £&& {%m&xn±m>m) (±f§: ±^tt^Pr^Kaiffittt, 1997), 5i2o3 £&£#> (»: + 9M5M. 1997) , M 53 109 (*H##> £##/£¥+-£ , At 16 T - 17 ±0 110 £**L&& 1821 ^9^ 4 Hffi&JiTNEpo S^6i! 22 B^ttM^, £^4$l£Rfc-HRSt H) , ftUf-* "^<£«;£S*L«" "H*M" o f**¥BPilft = ¥ ( 1823) o #I'SI Robert Morrison, Memoirs of the Rev. William Milne, D.D., 99; LMS Transactions (October 1823): 3660 111 ttJL&gTRitiT (Aberdeen) %&Zmo 1821 ^ 9 ^ 28 BffcSfc£&gf&S/te«±o 1822^6^ 26 HftfeiA^HMii^Aff1, S¥$^#H^4>£^ittg, 1827 ^J^M^fL, tfSft £3H5K6£fc0 1828 ¥B*ftfit«£tt, «.^0^^^o 2 £ 26 0/S?ffgfM, **4ilTSB£ l&±^ffio 1828 ¥ftMM&n±JLMW® im#) %mR±m-'*3±1i:W*o #ISl "Confucius," Canton Register Vol.1 No.28 (19 July 1828): 112; Alexandra Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries To the Chinese, 45-46; James Sibree, A Register of Missionaries, Deputations, etc (London: London Missionary Society, 1923), 23; Charles Marjoribanks, "Some Account of Malacca," Missionary Register (October 1834): 447; Su Ching, 77ie Printing Presses of the London Missionary Society Among the Chinese. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, 1996. p.401; ^fflft, tt&£ «&$t£H$3fc> ( UH : JttttaWaiJKtt, 1997) , 5134-36, 112 £rt*JB± ( John Ince ) rrl^T 1795 ¥ 8 R 20 0 „ 1818 *f 2 £ 17 0 ( ftiM;rji#£ 4 £ 1 0 )^ff^H, 9^ 14 0-^AA$^Mii^7NEjPo ft^¥9ffl^no 1819^6^ 28 0R ^Afpa&fimw, isj^A^a, M 1825 ^ 4 ji 24 aauM, *¥RW 29 #0 HET <^£ Director Report of the LMS, 49-50; Thirty-second Director Report of the LMS, 31; Robert Morrison, Memoirs of the Rev. William Milne, 109; Wylie, 42-43; James Sibree, A Register of Missionaries, Deputations, etc, From 1796-1923, 18; William Dean, China Mission, 2870 1,3 M~JC±, Jfug Theodosia Ann Barker, 1819^3^ 29 0 rU&T ~$Mft M ( Thetford ) 43 #tft^c0 17 £07, iM^ttftW# (Society for the Promotion of Female Education in the East) mmm.3wmfe&o 1838^2^ 10, ^ 19#&im, t&&mn, %%&&%%&*, fi# K^^ + Xo lnl¥ 3 ^ 27 0^HH^^L^ ( American Baptist Board of Foreign Missions ) ft±ft &'£%%£. (William Dean, 1807-1895 ) $&&&.&, Ws, ftfcPJ*#, —J[S"J 1842 ^3^M# *t, 1¥ 3 Jl 29 BHA±3&fc*ltt, 3PH"J*fJlil!» 24 $4B0 #fg| "Eastern-Female-Education Society," Missionary Register (March, 1839): 122; BFBS 1841, lxxviii; Alan Harfield, Early Cemeteries in Singapore, 74 ; William Dean, The China Mission, 233-235, 239-240; Alexandra Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese (Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1867), 85, 88; M &±tmm»n%M- % The Rambles of the Emperor Ching Tih in Keang Nan. A Chinese Tale (2l) , 1843 ^rtif£lfcB>J 61 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans tBl&o i*45H^±^J Tkin Shen WfkfiI)&^2M'X%':¥i2M fat-tun^'m (/L45 0) D /jH^fe^tf^^sifoi^^M^fp^: fltf*sp®j«iEii¥^BPfi[, 115 ftvfit^*, »$f**£JS£:fc "**" , BP Kari ^i?w (a (wnMr^aMMlSrtfi &Bfr£S?##A«$f> (it*+E¥JE^-+A0 ) {mftt&&ttf£&ft(i) » , M 179; XW #ft "H5±fiJ" , £nMi*«4>M*» (fcih M^tt, 1988) , 3T490 ffii^^^W^^^if * "lP±tt" W, 5P$^»I <»&#»|:fr£#$fcj&> (fctt: ft8ffifcep^t&, 1985) , Hi 100; ^F? 117 ^^cfP^^^^ii, nT#l^l Scott Shao-chi Pan, "An Appraisal of Karl (Charles) Gutzlaff and His Mission: The First Lutheran Missionary to East-Asian Countries and China"; "[Obituary - Death of Gutzlaff]," Littell's Living Age 13 December 1851, 497-498; William Dean, The China Mission, 284; Arthur Waley, The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1958), 222-244; W^ftiJKtt, 2004) , Ji 115-160o 118 Scott Shao-chi Pan, An Appraisal of Karl (Charles) Gutzlaff and His Mission: The First Lutheran Missionary to East-Asian Countries and China, p.3. 119 ^ B Ifc*/ Pyrzyce, ft^fc^fHOW Szczecin jfci£8P«J 30 1, 120 Arthur Waley, The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes, 223 $tl&£?£;i;ft 1824 *fS^ff |fc£ 121 Scott Shao-chi Pan, An Appraisal of Karl (Charles) Gutzlaff and His Mission: The First Lutheran Missionary to East-Asian Countries and China, pp.34-97. 122 W^c^t? Z£.¥-^M, "I#K William Dean, The China Mission, 337-338; <£&& { &$&%&. %9m—*mmy, mmmm±m Memorials in Malacca, 6Q 125 "Extracts from Letters of Mr Tracy, Dated at Singapore," The Missionary Herald Vol.32 No.5 (May 1836): 181. 126 (£$A^ff ( Patrick Hanan) tMS&ftijW-^ifcX+ift, R 1819 ^7N?fiJ£i]W!f§--T- ffifcm 1886 *f, «iffiW£*Bit» -*.+.JK7S4> 30 #*|s]|ftJig^0 gM 1918 ¥*)RW George A.ciayton W <*M«.+iJK&^BiC£> iESHJ 20 tftfrlW 7 ft^WHSUME+H&rtaE, Mffi ft 19 t&iE^ifi 1,000 ftgfc&ifc+X^aitffflH^, (*isM*M) *TiftJtSSgir.«±j|ftfflo #f#] Patrick Hanan, 'The Missionary Novels of Nineteenth-Century China," 4160 127 mimt 1825, 1830 ig 1831 ¥&& 3 ^S^fflHRJt-T-ffiAft?. BSrt&lg ((^HiA M» 1833 ^ io^w##, %HimM (KissM) n&iBf&m&sjim, ns&% 1833^ ftrWfiffjH^t, ik£pJ@'J7 2,000 Mo #S3 "Brief History of the Mission of the ABCFM in China, from 62 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. 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