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ITINERARY for CONQUER KILIMANJARO - LUXURY - 2020 Tanzania
ITINERARY FOR CONQUER KILIMANJARO - LUXURY - 2020 Tanzania Let your imagination soar Journey overview Conquer Mount Kilimanjaro on this exceptional 9-day hiking adventure to the “Roof of Africa”. This once-in-a-lifetime journey, can be taken as a standalone tour or as an add-on to an East Africa safari. It will take you along the beautiful Machame Route to the summit of Kilimanjaro, where you will have the opportunity to rest at various campsites along the way. The hike is led by expert guides, with years of experience climbing this majestic mountain. You will also be assisted by a friendly crew of mountaineers to ensure your Kilimanjaro experience is truly unforgettable. The route winds through a spectacular array of landscapes, which include verdant afromontane forests, a heath zone of yellow helichrysum (also known as golden eternal flowers) and purple lobelia plants, alpine forests and glacial valleys, making for exceptional photographic opportunities. Highlights of this Itinerary The Machame Route is the most beautiful and scenic hike up Mount Kilimanjaro Reward yourself after conquering Kilimanjaro with a luxurious and relaxing stay on idyllic &Beyond Mnemba Island. Take in the incredible views from the Roof of Africa Make the most of your Adventure Discover the various stages of coffee production at a working plantation in Arusha Be sure to try Kilimanjaro Beer Don’t miss out on the opportunity to unwind on &Beyond Mnemba Island, one of the most romantic destinations in Africa. Add to your adventure with an incredible safari -
Mountains of the Moon
MOUNTAINS OF THE MOON Some names just resonate with mystery and one such place that does that for me is the Rwenzori or Mountains of the Moon, a spectacular equatorial range that straddles Uganda and the DRC. It has that ‘heart of Africa’ appeal, truly somewhere off the beaten path - and given the effort required to get there it’s no surprise so few tourists come here. Without doubt it is the domain of the serious trekker and climber, the trails penetrate dense mossy forests and climb steeply to breathless heights above the treeline, where the reward is some of the most remarkable alpine flora to be found anywhere. I undertook my own journey with a university friend. We walked first through sweaty sub-tropical forests where the striking orange tubes of Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus stood out from the dense undergrowth. Heavy bamboo dominated above this and then it was into the subalpine zone where the otherworldly stuff began. Gorgeous broad corymbs of Helichrysum formosissimum appeared, with silvery phyllaries blushed pink - surely the ultimate everlasting daisy. Then we reached the alpine zone. Dendrosenecio adnivalis Interestingly, as with the Espletia of the Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus northern Andes, the alpine equivalent here also belongs to Asteraceae. The dominant species in the Rwenzori (with similar species in other east African mountains) Dendrosenecio adnivalis, a magnificent plant that formed dense forests in places, clothing whole mountainsides. The most obvious difference between the two genera is Dendrosenecio branch and Espletia do not. I remember seeing a specimen of a Dendrosenecio at Kew, sitting beneath a strong sunlamp. -
Chromosome Numbers of the East African Giant Senecios and Giant Lobelias and Their Evolutionary Significancei
American Journal of Botany 80(7): 847-853. 1993. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF THE EAST AFRICAN GIANT SENECIOS AND GIANT LOBELIAS AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCEI ERIC B. KNox2 AND ROBERT R, KOWAL Herbarium and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048; and Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1981 The gametophytic chromosome number for the giant senecios (Asteraceae, Senecioneae, Dendrosenecio) is n = 50, and for the giant lobelias (Lobeliaceae, Lobelia subgenus Tupa section Rhynchopetalumi it is n = 14. Previous sporophytic counts are generally verified, but earlier reports for the giant senecios of2n = 20 and ca. 80, the bases for claims ofintraspecific polyploidy, are unsubstantiated. The 14 new counts for the giant senecios and the ten new counts for the giant lobelias are the first garnetophytic records for these plants and include the first reports for six and four taxa, respectively, for the two groups. Only five of the II species of giant senecio and three of the 21 species of giant lobelia from eastern Africa remain uncounted. Although both groups are polyploid, the former presumably decaploid and the latter more certainly tetraploid, their adaptive radiations involved no further change in chromosome number. The cytological uniformity within each group, while providing circumstantial evidence ofmonophyly and simplifying interpretations ofcladistic analyses, provides neither positive nor negative support for a possible role of polyploidy in evolving the giant-rosette growth-form. Since their discovery last century, the giant senecios MATERIALS AND METHODS (Dendrosenecio; Nordenstam, 1978) and giant lobelias (Lobelia subgenus Tupa section Rhynchopetalum; Mab Excised anthers or very young flower buds of Lobelia berley, 1974b) of eastern Africa have attracted consid and immature heads of Dendrosenecio were fixed in the erable attention from taxonomists and evolutionary bi field in Carnoy's solution (3 chloroform: 2 absolute eth ologists (cf. -
Phytologia an International Journal to Expedite
PHYTOLOGIA An intern ational jou rnal to ex edite la n t s stematic b to eo ra bi l p p y , p y g g p ca and ecological pu blication 1 S e ember 1 1 Vo l. 7 pt 99 CONTENTS TRE M N w ll n n n t r c l fl r . A ne CUA CASAS . c o o o o o o , J , is e a e us tes e pi a a XX species of Humiriastru m 1 65 R T F w f S . rm l rr t n f t c th in the th rn OSS . o co c o o o c t o , , a e i spe i i epi e s s u e . N N H N A eratina nd w f B artlettina ROB S O . o t on a ne c o / I , , es g a spe ies (Eupato rieae : Asteraceae) 1 7 1 /R )BIN N H N w w f C SO . e c and ne comb n on o Crit oniinae from , , spe ies i ati s Meso ame ri ca (Eupato rieae : Asteraceae) 1 76 ’ R B N N H Tw w f Fleiscbman m a fr m M r O S O . o ne c o o m c / I , , spe ies o es a e i a (Eupatorieae : As t eraceae) 1 8 1 /ROBIN N Tw w M le a M SO H. o ne c o f i an i in m r c m , , spe ies esoa e i a (Eupatorieae : As te raceae) 1 84 E AL N D L f f a a r i S C O A F . -
Géologie Et Biodiversité Végétale Quelques Rappels
Géologie et Biodiversité végétale Quelques rappels Modifications climatiques Isolement géographique génèrent de la biodiversité Rift Est-Africain : Longueur : 6000 km Ecartement : 1 cm/an Début : il y a 20 MA Sommets : Volcans sauf Rwenzori Ages : 2 à 3 Ma Kili : activité récente Meru : encore actif Petite parenthèse Cette région est considérée comme le berceau de l’humanité Théorie développée par Yves Coppens… Mais… Mais revenons à la botanique… avec les Seneçons géants Du genre Dendrosenecio Dendrosenecio adnivalis 11 espèces. erici-rosenii elgonensis Initialement comprises dans le genre Senecio cheranganensis Se rencontrent entre 2500 m et 4600 m sur brassiciformis les montagnes d’Afrique de l’Est. battiscombei keniodendron keniensis kilimandjari Senecio ovatus (Seneçon de Fuchs) johnstonii meruensis Dendrosenecio adnivalis Rwenzori erici-rosenii elgonensis Elgon cheranganensis Cherangani brassiciformis battiscombei Aderb . keniodendron Kenya keniensis kilimandjari Kilimandjaro johnstonii meruensis Meru Dendrosenecio adnivalis Rwenzori erici-rosenii elgonensis Elgon cheranganensis Cherangani brassiciformis battiscombei Aderb . keniodendron Kenya keniensis kilimandjari Kilimandjaro johnstonii meruensis Meru Mt Stanley 5109 m Rwenzori Lobelia 3500 m 3800 m Lobelia deckenii Dendrosenecio keniensis 4500 m Lobelia telekiii 4300 m Dendrosenecio keniodendron Kilimandjaro 4000 m Dendrosenecio kilimandjari Lien de parenté avec les genres proches: Euryops brownei Cineraria deltoidea Dendrosenecio Le genre Dendrosenecio est très isolé, les genres -
Die Plantfamilie ASTERACEAE: 6
ISSN 0254-3486 = SA Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 23, no. 1 & 2 2004 35 Algemene artikel Die plantfamilie ASTERACEAE: 6. Die subfamilie Asteroideae P.P.J. Herman Nasionale Botaniese Instituut, Privaat sak X101, Pretoria, 0001 e-pos: [email protected] UITTREKSEL Die tribusse van die subfamilie Asteroideae word meer volledig in hierdie artikel beskryf. Die genusse wat aan dié tribusse behoort word gelys en hulle verspreiding aangedui. ABSTRACT The plant family Asteraceae: 6. The subfamily Asteroideae. The tribes of the subfamily Asteroideae are described in this article. Genera belonging to the different tribes are listed and their distribution given. INLEIDING Tribus ANTHEMIDEAE Cass. Hierdie artikel is die laaste in die reeks oor die plantfamilie Verteenwoordigers van hierdie tribus is gewoonlik aromaties, Asteraceae.1-5 In die vorige artikel is die klassifikasie bokant byvoorbeeld Artemisia afra (wilde-als), Eriocephalus-soorte, familievlak asook die indeling van die familie Asteraceae in sub- Pentzia-soorte.4 Die feit dat hulle aromaties is, beteken dat hulle families en tribusse bespreek.5 Hierdie artikel handel oor die baie chemiese stowwe bevat. Hierdie stowwe word dikwels subfamilie Asteroideae van die familie Asteraceae, met ’n aangewend vir medisyne (Artemisia) of insekgif (Tanacetum).4 bespreking van die tribusse en die genusse wat aan die verskillende Verder is hulle blaartjies gewoonlik fyn verdeeld en selfs by dié tribusse behoort. Die ‘edelweiss’ wat in die musiekblyspel The met onverdeelde blaartjies, is die blaartjies klein en naaldvormig sound of music besing word, behoort aan die tribus Gnaphalieae (Erica-agtig). Die pappus bestaan gewoonlik uit vry of vergroeide van die subfamilie Asteroideae. -
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Establishment of the Wolseley Wind Farm, Western Cape Province
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE WOLSELEY WIND FARM, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FAUNA & FLORA SPECIALIST STUDY PRODUCED FOR ARCUS GIBB ON BEHALF OF SAGIT ENERGY VENTURES BY SIMON TODD [email protected] NOVEMBER 2012 FINAL DRAFT FOR REVIEW DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE I, Simon Todd as duly authorised representative of Simon Todd Consulting, hereby confirm my independence as well as that of Simon Todd Consulting as the ecological specialist for the Langhoogte/Wolseley Wind Farm and declare that neither I nor Simon Todd Consulting have any interest, be it business, financial, personal or other, in any proposed activity, application or appeal in respect of which Arcus GIBB was appointed as environmental assessment practitioner in terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998), other than fair remuneration for work performed in terms of the NEMA, the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2010 and any specific environmental management Act) for the Langhoogte/Wolseley Wind Farm I further declare that I am confident in the results of the studies undertaken and conclusions drawn as a result of it. I have disclosed, to the environmental assessment practitioner, in writing, any material information that have or may have the potential to influence the decision of the competent authority or the objectivity of any report, plan or document required in terms of the NEMA, the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2010 and any specific environmental management Act. I have further provided the environmental assessment practitioner with written access to all information at my disposal regarding the application, whether such information is favourable to the applicant or not. -
1 Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia 1971
Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia 1971 - 1995 1 CRC for Weed Management Systems Technical Series No. 3 CRC for Weed Management Systems Technical Series No. 3 Cooperative Research Centre for Weed Management Systems Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia 1971 - 1995 Convened by R.H. Groves Appendix compiled by J.R. Hosking Established and supported under the Commonwealth Government’s Cooperative Research Centres 2 Program. Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia 1971 - 1995 CRC for Weed Management Systems Technical Series No.3 January 1998 Groves, R.H. (Richard Harrison) Recent incursions of weeds to Australia 1971 - 1995 ISBN 0 9587010 2 4 1. Weeds - Control - Australia. I. Hosking, J.R. (John Robert). II. Cooperative Research Centre for Weed Management Systems (Australia). III. Title. (Series: CRC for Weed Management Systems Technical Series; No. 3) 632.5 Contact address: CRC for Weed Management Systems Waite Campus University of Adelaide PMB1 Glen Osmond SA 5064 Australia CRC for Weed Management Systems, Australia 1997. The information advice and/or procedures contained in this publication are provided for the sole purpose of disseminating information relating to scientific and technical matters in accordance with the functions of the CRC for Weed Management Systems. To the extent permitted by law, CRC for Weed Management Systems shall not be held liable in relation to any loss or damage incurred by the use and/or reliance upon any information advice and/or procedures contained in this publication. Mention of any product in this publication is for information purposes and does not constitute a recommendation of any such product either expressed or implied by CRC for Weed Management Systems. -
Porophyllum Ruderale) COMO ALIMENTO FUNCIONAL
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA ESTUDIO DEL PÁPALOQUELITE (Porophyllum ruderale) COMO ALIMENTO FUNCIONAL T E S I S QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE QUÍMICA DE ALIMENTOS P R E S E N T A MIRNA HERNÁNDEZ CARRILLO MÉXICO, D.F. 2014 1 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). El uso de imágenes, fragmentos de videos, y demás material que sea objeto de protección de los derechos de autor, será exclusivamente para fines educativos e informativos y deberá citar la fuente donde la obtuvo mencionando el autor o autores. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. JURADO ASIGNADO: PRESIDENTE: Profesor: Dra. Yolanda Caballero Arroyo VOCAL: Profesor: M. A. O. Rosa Luz Cornejo Rosas SECRETARIO: Profesor: M. en C. Martha Yolanda González Quezada 1er. SUPLENTE: Profesor: Q. A. Bertha Julieta Sandoval Guillen 2° SUPLENTE: Profesor: Q. Katia Solórzano Maldonado SITIO DONDE SE DESARROLLÓ EL TEMA: LABORATORIO 2B EDIFICIO A FACULTAD DE QUIMICA. UNAM ASESOR DEL TEMA: ______________________________ Dra. Yolanda Caballero Arroyo SUPERVISOR TÉCNICO: ______________________________ Q. Katia Solórzano Maldonado SUSTENTANTE: ______________________________ Mirna Hernández Carrillo 2 Índice Capítulo I. Introducción…………………………….............................................. 9 1.1 Objetivos………………………………………………………………….. 10 Capítulo 2. Marco teórico………………………………………………………….. 11 2.1 Justificación……………………………………………………………... 13 14 Capitulo 3. Antecedentes…………………………………………………………. 14 3.1 Quelites…………………………………………………………………... 14 3.1.1 Definición………………………………………………………. 15 3.1.2 Distribución……………………………………………………. -
Occurrence of Nine Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Senecio Vulgaris L
plants Article Occurrence of Nine Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris L. Depending on Developmental Stage and Season Jens Flade 1,2,3 , Heidrun Beschow 1, Monika Wensch-Dorendorf 4, Andreas Plescher 2 and Wim Wätjen 3,* 1 Plant Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; [email protected] (J.F.); [email protected] (H.B.) 2 PHARMAPLANT Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen Forschungs- und Saatzucht GmbH, Am Westbahnhof 4, 06556 Artern, Germany; [email protected] 3 Biofunctionality of Secondary Plant Compounds, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany 4 AG Biometrie und Agrarinformatik, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-345-5522380 Received: 16 January 2019; Accepted: 19 February 2019; Published: 5 March 2019 Abstract: The contamination of phytopharmaceuticals and herbal teas with toxic plants is an increasing problem. Senecio vulgaris L. is a particularly noxious weed in agricultural and horticultural crops due to its content of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Since some of these compounds are carcinogenic, the distribution of this plant should be monitored. The amount of PAs in S. vulgaris is affected by various factors. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of PAs depending on the developmental stage and season. A systematic study using field-plot experiments (four seasons, five developmental stages of the plants: S1 to S5) was performed and the PA concentration was determined via LC-MS/MS analysis. -
A Multivariate Analysis of Variation in Cineraria Lobata L'hér. and C
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 73 (2007) 530–545 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb A multivariate analysis of variation in Cineraria lobata L'Hér. and C. ngwenyensis Cron ⁎ G.V. Cron a, , K. Balkwill a, E.B. Knox b a School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa b Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Received 16 August 2006; received in revised form 23 April 2007; accepted 25 April 2007 Abstract Cineraria lobata is a highly variable species centred in the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa, with disjunct populations in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces. Morphological variation was examined in order to delimit the species and to determine whether recognition at infraspecific levels was warranted. Plants from the Ngwenya Hills, Swaziland, similar to C. lobata in leaf shape and size, but with glabrous cypselae and a distinct type of trichome, are recognized as a distinct, but closely related species, C. ngwenyensis. Cluster Analysis and Principal Coordinates Analysis supported the recognition of four subspecies in C. lobata: from the Western Cape (ssp. lobata), Karoo (ssp. lasiocaulis), Soutpansberg (ssp. soutpansbergensis) and Eastern Cape (ssp. platyptera) regions. Five forms of C. lobata ssp. lobata from the Western Cape are also informally recognised. © 2007 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cineraria; Cluster analysis; Compositae; Infraspecific variation; Principal Coordinates Analysis; Senecioneae 1. Introduction gascar. Cineraria is essentially an afromontane genus, with its centre of diversity in KwaZulu-Natal, followed closely by the Cineraria L. -
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team Biological Control of Invasive
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States Roy Van Driesche Bernd Blossey Mark Hoddle Suzanne Lyon Richard Reardon Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team—Morgantown, West Virginia United States Forest FHTET-2002-04 Department of Service August 2002 Agriculture BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES Technical Coordinators Roy Van Driesche and Suzanne Lyon Department of Entomology, University of Massachusets, Amherst, MA Bernd Blossey Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Mark Hoddle Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA Richard Reardon Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA, Forest Service, Morgantown, WV USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2002-04 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the authors of the individual chap- We would also like to thank the U.S. Depart- ters for their expertise in reviewing and summariz- ment of Agriculture–Forest Service, Forest Health ing the literature and providing current information Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West on biological control of the major invasive plants in Virginia, for providing funding for the preparation the Eastern United States. and printing of this publication. G. Keith Douce, David Moorhead, and Charles Additional copies of this publication can be or- Bargeron of the Bugwood Network, University of dered from the Bulletin Distribution Center, Uni- Georgia (Tifton, Ga.), managed and digitized the pho- versity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, (413) tographs and illustrations used in this publication and 545-2717; or Mark Hoddle, Department of Entomol- produced the CD-ROM accompanying this book.