Emissions of Putative Isoprene Oxidation Products from Mango Branches Under Abiotic Stress

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Emissions of Putative Isoprene Oxidation Products from Mango Branches Under Abiotic Stress UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Emissions of putative isoprene oxidation products from mango branches under abiotic stress. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ds8t64n Journal Journal of experimental botany, 64(12) ISSN 0022-0957 Authors Jardine, Kolby J Meyers, Kimberly Abrell, Leif et al. Publication Date 2013-09-01 DOI 10.1093/jxb/ert202 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ds8t64n#supplemental License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 64, No. 12, pp. 3697–3709, 2013 doi:10.1093/jxb/ert202 Advance Access publication 23 July, 2013 This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details) RESEARCH PAPER Emissions of putative isoprene oxidation products from mango branches under abiotic stress Kolby J. Jardine1,*, Kimberly Meyers2, Leif Abrell3, Eliane G. Alves4, Ana Maria Yanez Serrano4,5, Jürgen Kesselmeier5, Thomas Karl6, Alex Guenther6, Jeffrey Q. Chambers1 and Claudia Vickers7 1 Climate Science Department, Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Building 64, Room 241, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2 US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 2000 East Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Downloaded from 3 Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, PO Box 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA 4 Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment (LBA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, CEP 69060-001, Manaus, Brazil 5 Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/ 6 Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA 7 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Cnr Cooper and College Rds, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Received 17 May 2013; Revised 17 May 2013; Accepted 5 June 2013 at University of California, Irvine on August 17, 2015 Abstract Although several per cent of net carbon assimilation can be re-released as isoprene emissions to the atmosphere by many tropical plants, much uncertainty remains regarding its biological significance. In a previous study, we detected emissions of isoprene and its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) from tropical plants under high temperature/light stress, suggesting that isoprene is oxidized not only in the atmosphere but also within plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of the suite of isoprene oxidation products in plants has not been performed and production relationships with environmental stress have not been described. In this study, putative isoprene oxidation products from mango (Mangifera indica) branches under abiotic stress were first identified. High temperature/light and freeze–thaw treatments verified direct emissions of the isoprene oxidation products MVK and MACR together with the first observations of 3-methyl furan (3-MF) and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) as putative novel isoprene oxidation products. Mechanical wounding also stimulated emissions of MVK and MACR. Photosynthesis 13 under CO2 resulted in rapid (<30 min) labelling of up to five carbon atoms of isoprene, with a similar labelling pattern observed in the putative oxidation products. These observations highlight the need to investigate further the mecha- nisms of isoprene oxidation within plants under stress and its biological and atmospheric significance. Keywords: 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 3-methyl furan, methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, reactive oxygen species, volatile organic compounds. Introduction Isoprene (C5H8) is emitted in large quantities by many terres- atmospheric chemistry leading to the formation of a num- trial plants directly into the atmosphere, where it acts to fuel ber of species with high relevance to air quality and climate Abbreviations: 3-MF, 3-methyl furan; 3-MT, 3-methyl thiophene; GC-MS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; GLV, green leaf volatiles; MACR, methacr- olein; MBO, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol; MVK, methyl vinyl ketone; NIST, the National Institute of Standards and Technology; PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; PTR-MS, proton transfer reaction/mass spectrometry; ROS, reactive oxygen species; sccm, standard cm3 min–1; slpm, standard l min–1; TD, thermal desorption. © The Author [2013]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental biology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] 3698 | Jardine et al. including organic nitrates (Lockwood et al., 2010), ground presence of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups, and therefore level ozone (Pierce et al., 1998), and secondary organic aero- show high reactivity with nucleophiles (Uchida et al., 1998). sols (Kroll et al., 2006) that may act as effective cloud conden- Reactive electrophiles may potentially affect gene expression sation nuclei (Engelhart et al., 2011). Due to its high annual at all levels by chemically reacting with nucleic acids, proteins, global emission rate of 500–750 Tg year–1 (Guenther et al., and small molecules as well as by indirectly lowering pools of 2006) and high reactivity to atmospheric oxidants such as cellular reductants (Farmer and Davoine, 2007). the OH radical (Atkinson and Arey, 2003), isoprene emis- Recently, we obtained evidence that isoprene is oxidized sions from terrestrial vegetation exert a controlling effect on not only in the atmosphere but also within plants. Using gas the oxidative power of the lower atmosphere. Once emitted, chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and proton isoprene is rapidly oxidized in the atmosphere (1–2 h lifetime transfer reaction/mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), we detected with respect to oxidation by OH radicals) with first-order gas-phase emissions of isoprene and its oxidation products oxidation products dominated by formaldehyde (50–70%), MVK and MACR from high temperature/light-stressed methyl vinyl ketone (MVK, 25–39%), methacrolein (MACR, desert (Jardine et al., 2010a) and tropical (Jardine et al., 2012) 17–27%), and 3-methyl furan (3-MF, 4.2–5.4%) (Atkinson plants. We demonstrated at the leaf, branch, and enclosed and Arey, 2003). However, efforts to quantify the magnitude mesocosm scales that higher emissions of MVK+MACR of isoprene chemistry–climate feedbacks have been hindered relative to isoprene occurred during high temperature/light Downloaded from by major uncertainties as to why plants dedicate a significant stress. In addition, leaf feeding of pyruvate-2-13C (a precur- fraction (a few per cent under normal physiological condi- sur of isoprene) through the transpiration stream was used tions) of assimilated carbon to isoprene emissions in the first to track 13C into de novo isoprene biosynthesis and its oxida- place (Pacifico et al., 2009). In contrast to its role in atmos- tion products MVK and MACR, suggesting that these com- pheric chemistry, very little is known about the behaviour and pounds are produced directly from isoprene reactions. http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/ effects of isoprene in planta, including potential redox reac- In this study, using a coupled PTR-MS, GC-MS, and pho- tions and products. tosynthesis system, we first investigated branch-level emissions Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen of isoprene and putative isoprene oxidation products MVK 1 – ( O2), superoxide anion (O2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and MACR from a high isoprene-emitting species, Mangifera and the hydroxyl radical (OH) are continuously generated indica (mango), and a non-isoprene-emitting species Annona in plants due to the incomplete reduction of oxygen. While muricata (soursop) under abiotic stress including high tem- initially considered toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism, perature/light, freeze–thaw/dehydration, and mechanical ROS are now widely recognized to play a multitude of signal- wounding. Next, we quantified emissions of the putative at University of California, Irvine on August 17, 2015 ling roles during the regulation of biological processes includ- novel isoprene oxidation products 3-MF, 3-methyl thiophene ing growth and development (Foreman et al., 2003), cell cycle (3-MT), and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) from mango (Feher et al., 2008), programmed cell death (Overmyer et al., branches in response to abiotic stress. Finally, we explored the 2003), hormone signalling and stomatal regulation (Kwak possibility that these compounds derive from isoprene oxida- et al., 2003; Pei et al., 2000), and biotic and abiotic stress tion within plants (Fig. 1) by tracking isoprene biosynthesis 13 responses (Mittler, 2002; Mullineaux and Karpinski, 2002). and volatile emissions during photosynthesis under CO2. While ROS concentrations within plants are generally kept low by cellular antioxidant defence systems, ROS accumula- tion during stress can overwhelm
Recommended publications
  • Junior Mints and Their Bigger Than Bite-Size Role in Complicating Product Placement Assumptions
    Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina Pell Scholars and Senior Theses Salve's Dissertations and Theses 5-2010 Junior Mints and Their Bigger Than Bite-Size Role in Complicating Product Placement Assumptions Stephanie Savage Salve Regina University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses Part of the Advertising and Promotion Management Commons, and the Marketing Commons Savage, Stephanie, "Junior Mints and Their Bigger Than Bite-Size Role in Complicating Product Placement Assumptions" (2010). Pell Scholars and Senior Theses. 54. https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses/54 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Salve's Dissertations and Theses at Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pell Scholars and Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Savage 1 “Who’s gonna turn down a Junior Mint? It’s chocolate, it’s peppermint ─it’s delicious!” While this may sound like your typical television commercial, you can thank Jerry Seinfeld and his butter fingers for what is actually one of the most renowned lines in television history. As part of a 1993 episode of Seinfeld , subsequently known as “The Junior Mint,” these infamous words have certainly gained a bit more attention than the show’s writers had originally bargained for. In fact, those of you who were annoyed by last year’s focus on a McDonald’s McFlurry on NBC’s 30 Rock may want to take up your beef with Seinfeld’s producers for supposedly showing marketers the way to the future ("Brand Practice: Product Integration Is as Old as Hollywood Itself").
    [Show full text]
  • Which Seinfeld Character Are You?
    EPISODE 181: THE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MEETING WHICHWHICH SEINFELDSEINFELD CHARACTERCHARACTER AREARE YOU?YOU? In our business dealings, we are often guilty of just not listening. We come to the table with an agenda—a new product, a new service—and wait while a prospect or existing client tells us what’s going on with his or her business. At some point, that person will pause—and we pounce with our spiel. This approach rarely works - successful business development requires some level of rapport and relationship building. As in all aspects of life, this can mean dealing with those who may not share your views or approach. In order to adapt quickly and improvise in these instances, it’s helpful to understand people’s communication and personality styles. There are a number of tests that can help us understand the personality and communication styles of others, including the popular DISC model. This model has four quadrants: dominance, influence, steadiness, and conscientiousness. Influence and steadiness are on the right side of the brain, and dominance and conscientiousness are on the left side. Understanding someone’s dominant quadrant can help you find a way to work more effectively with them. UNDERSTANDING WHAT SEINFELD YOUR SITCOM CAST Now that you understand where you fall QUADRANT ARE YOU? within the quadrants, you can begin to think about how to work and respond to any cast of characters you may come I’ll let you in on an interesting tidbit, successful sitcoms often across. Friction will naturally arise include a character from each of the following quadrants, because these are people with opposite because the resulting friction tends to be funny.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Local Independent Bookstore Delivers Holiday Joy Everywhere
    IN STORE, ONLINE, CURBSIDE, AND RIGHT TO YOUR DOOR, your local independent bookstore delivers holiday joy everywhere. Winners Just Announced Booksellers from your favorite bookstores throughout the Greater Midwest selected these titles as award-winning books from the region this year. Celebrate these authors by shopping for their books at your local independent bookstore. FICTION NONFICTION POETRY Everywhere You In the Dream House Homie Don’t Belong Carmen Maria Machado Danez Smith Gabriel Bump Graywolf Press Graywolf Press Algonquin Books $16.00 | 9781644450031 $16.00 | 9781644450109 $25.95 | 9781616208790 YA / MIDDLE GRADE PICTURE BOOK The Fountains of Silence A Map into the World Ruta Sepetys Kao Kalia Yang Philomel Books Carolrhoda Books $11.99 | 9780399160318 $17.99 | 9781541538368 See all finalists for the Heartland Booksellers Award at heartlandfallforum.org/heartland-booksellers-award.html 3 Fiction Good Reads Sapiens: A Graphic History Snow African American Poetry: Make Life Beautiful Yuval Noah Harari John Banville 250 Years of Struggle & Syd & Shea McGee The graphic adaptation of the The incomparable Booker Prize Song Meet Syd and Shea #1 New York Times bestseller winner’s next great crime novel: Kevin Young, Editor McGee, the powerhouse couple by Yuval Noah Harari, now with a beautifully crafted and darkly A literary landmark: the behind Studio McGee, the gorgeous color illustrations and evocative story of an aristocratic biggest, most inclusive fastest-growing interior design digestible text for readers of family whose secrets resurface anthology of Black poetry ever studio in the U.S. Learn how all ages. when a parish priest is found published, gathering nearly 250 classic design principles can be Harper Paperbacks murdered.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Auto Body, Inc
    FINAL-1 Sat, Oct 14, 2017 7:52:52 PM Your Weekly Guide to TV Entertainment for the week of October 21 - 27, 2017 HARTNETT’S ALL SOFT CLOTH CAR WASH $ 00 OFF 3 ANY CAR WASH! EXPIRES 10/31/17 BUMPER SPECIALISTSHartnetts H1artnett x 5” On the Auto Body, Inc. COLLISION REPAIR SPECIALISTS & APPRAISERS MA R.S. #2313 R. ALAN HARTNETT LIC. #2037 run DANA F. HARTNETT LIC. #9482 Emma Dumont stars 15 WATER STREET in “The Gifted” DANVERS (Exit 23, Rte. 128) TEL. (978) 774-2474 FAX (978) 750-4663 Open 7 Days Now that their mutant abilities have been revealed, teenage siblings must go on the lam in a new episode of “The Gifted,” airing Mon.-Fri. 8-7, Sat. 8-6, Sun. 8-4 Monday. ** Gift Certificates Available ** Choosing the right OLD FASHIONED SERVICE Attorney is no accident FREE REGISTRY SERVICE Free Consultation PERSONAL INJURYCLAIMS • Automobile Accident Victims • Work Accidents Massachusetts’ First Credit Union • Slip &Fall • Motorcycle &Pedestrian Accidents Located at 370 Highland Avenue, Salem John Doyle Forlizzi• Wrongfu Lawl Death Office INSURANCEDoyle Insurance AGENCY • Dog Attacks St. Jean's Credit Union • Injuries2 x to 3 Children Voted #1 1 x 3” With 35 years experience on the North Serving over 15,000 Members •3 A Partx 3 of your Community since 1910 Insurance Shore we have aproven record of recovery Agency No Fee Unless Successful Supporting over 60 Non-Profit Organizations & Programs The LawOffice of Serving the Employees of over 40 Businesses STEPHEN M. FORLIZZI Auto • Homeowners 978.739.4898 978.219.1000 • www.stjeanscu.com Business
    [Show full text]
  • A Strategic Approach to Brand Placements
    Business Horizons (2011) 54, 41—49 www.elsevier.com/locate/bushor Can brand image move upwards after Sideways? A strategic approach to brand placements Sunil Thomas, Chiranjeev S. Kohli * Mihaylo College of Business & Economics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834, U.S.A. KEYWORDS Abstract In today’s environment of fragmented mass media and popular technolo- Brand placement; gies, such as DVR and TiVo, it is increasingly challenging for marketers to obtain Product placement; quality face time with audiences. As more customers try to avoid advertisements, Hybrid advertising; there has been growth in brand placement: the practice of integrating brands into Brands in entertainment media, particularly television and film. Brand placement engages the entertainment media audience, limits viewers’ ability to ignore commercial messages, and even impacts purchase behavior–—asevidenced by the surge in Blackstone pinot noir wine sales after the brand’s placement in the movie Sideways. Despite the prevalence of this practice, however, the industry often operates in a somewhat unfocused manner. In this article, we draw from academic literature and industry publications, offer insight regarding the growing popularity of brand placements, and suggest a specific set of guidelines to enhance the efficacy of placements in accomplishing a brand’s marketing objectives. # 2010 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved. 1. What is brand placement? son 8, episode 6). The practice of placing products and brands in media vehicles–—otherwise known as Why do they call it Ovaltine? The mug is product placement–—dates back to 1916, when a round; the jar is round. .they should call it movie was entitled She Wanted a Ford.
    [Show full text]
  • Manuel Nobriga 3
    ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW #448-3 with Manuel Nobriga (MN) March 23, 1993 Waipahu, O`ahu BY: Warren Nishimoto (WN) WN: This is an interview with Mr. Manuel Nobriga on March 23, 1993, at his home in Waipahu, O`ahu. The interviewer is Warren Nishimoto. Okay, why don't we begin. Today let's talk about World War II in Waipahu. MN: In Waipahu, World War II as I remember. In the morning between seven and eight o'clock, something like that. The kids were all ready to go to church. Then there's lot of people kind of gathering in the ballpark. We didn't know what the heck happened. We look, the smoke in the yard [i.e., Pearl Harbor Navy Yard] and all. Then somebody said, “Attack, attack from Japan!” Something like that. Then a little shooting came in. Some plane came over and hit two people way in the corner of the ballpark. One must have died because they picked one and the other one they left him there. And I don't know what became of him. And in the meantime, some airplane or something there was a shot came right in my yard. I didn't know that they were shooting. I said, “I thought the leaf from the mango tree fell down.” But afterwards I figured that it must have been a bullet. [Reports of strafing of the O`ahu Sugar Co. mill, hospital, store, warehouses, and cane fields were confirmed, as well as injuries. But no deaths were reported in Waipahu, due to either Japanese or American planes.] WN: They actually hit your house? MN: Hit in the---in my yard, back of the house.
    [Show full text]
  • \\Fileprod-Prc-Dc\Peoplepress\Pew Projects\1998\05-98 2 Seinfeld
    FOR RELEASE: FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: SUNDAY, MAY 10, 1998, 4:00 P.M. (BROADCAST) Kimberly Parker or Greg Flemming MONDAY, MAY 11, 1998, A.M. (PRINT) Fans Say Yada Yada MIXED REACTION TO POST-SEINFELD ERA The situation comedy “Seinfeld” may be the most popular television show of its time, but only half of the people who watch it say they’ll miss it when it’s gone. And even fewer want friends like Jerry, George, Elaine and Kramer. The Seinfeld Audience... Young, Affluent and Single Today, 62% of the public says they watch the Ever Watch? program, and, at least for now, “Seinfeld” tops the list of Yes No all-time favorite comedy programs. In a new Pew Research Total 62 38=100 Center survey, 14% of Americans name the show as their Male 66 34 favorite. M*A*S*H ranks second with 6%. Female 58 42 18-29 81 19 The tearful farewells fans gave other popular 30-49 65 35 sitcoms, however, are unlikely to follow the “Seinfeld” 50-64 56 44 finale: 51% of viewers say they won’t miss the show much. 65+ 34 66 Only 19% of “Seinfeld” viewers say they will miss the College Grad. 70 30 show a great deal, another 29% will miss it a fair amount. Some College 66 34 H.S. Grad 62 38 Just as the sitcom’s trademark indifference is < H.S. 46 54 mirrored in these findings, “Seinfeld” viewers reflect the $75,000+ 71 29 characters: Fans are young, affluent and single. Fully 81% $50,000-74,999 74 26 of those under age 30 watch the show compared to just 34% $30,000-49,999 66 34 $20,000-29,999 55 45 of those over 65; 71% of those earning more than $75,000 < $20,000 52 48 tune in compared to 52% of those with incomes under $20,000; and 71% of single people watch the show versus Single 71 29 Married 59 41 59% of married folks.
    [Show full text]
  • SEINFELD Revision #1 (Pink) 34. “The Contest” Oct 26 1992 (2/P)
    SEINFELD Revision #1 (pink) 34. “The Contest” Oct 26 1992 (2/P) (Jerry, George, Elaine) ACT TWO SCENE P INT. COFFEE SHOP - DAY (3) JERRY AND GEORGE JERRY So the nurse gave her a sponge bath? GEORGE Yeah. Everynight at 6:30. The nurse is gorgeous. Then I got a glimpse of the patient. I was going nuts. JERRY So, I guess you’ll be back in that hospital. GEORGE Well, my mother... JERRY But you’re still master of your domain. SEINFELD Revision #1 (pink) 35. “The Contest” Oct 26 1992 (2/P) GEORGE I’m king of the county. What about you? JERRY Lord of the manor. ELAINE ENTERS, SITS. ELAINE ...John F. Kennedy Jr. JERRY What? ELAINE He was in the aerobics class. He was exercising in front of me. JERRY Really? Did you talk to him? ELAINE You don’t understand. He worked out in front of me. When the class was over I timed my walk to the door so we’d get there at the same moment. So he says to me, “Quite a workout.” GEORGE “Quite a workout?” What did you say? ELAINE I said, “yeah.” SEINFELD Revision #1 (pink) 36. “The Contest” Oct 26 1992 (2/P) JERRY Good one. ELAINE Then I showered and dressed and I saw him again on the way out. So he holds the door open for me and he says, “Which way are you walking?” and I said, “Which way are you walking?” And he said, “That way.” And I said, “Well, isn’t that a coincidence?” Of course I was going in the opposite direction..
    [Show full text]
  • I Kissed Lanie Goodbye
    I Kissed Lanie Goodbye: What Evangelicals Can Learn From the Relationships of Seinfeld's Elaine Benes A Downloadable White Paper / e-Book Presented Free of Charge by Gut Check Press™ By Ted Kluck and Zachary Bartels September, 2013 gut check smackademic ™ For Frank Turk, who would have totally dated Elaine had he been a character on Seinfeld . (Or maybe he would have played Costanza’s brother.) Note : If you enjoy this white paper, please visit www.gutcheckpress.com and check out our satires (available as e-books and paperbacks) and our new book, The Christian Gentleman’s Smoking Companion: A Celebration of Smoking Cigars and Pipes to the Glory of God. Authors: Ted Kluck, MFA is the author of many books, on topics ranging from Mike Tyson to the Emergent Church. Both Why We’re Not Emergent and Why We Love the Church (with Kevin DeYoung) won Christianity Today Book of the Year awards, and Paper Tiger: One Athlete’s Journey to the Underbelly of Pro Football won a Michigan Notable Book award in 2008. His work has also appeared in ESPN the Magazine and Christianity Today . Ted has played professional indoor football, coached high school football, trained as a professional wrestler, served as a missionary, and taught writing courses at the college level. He lives in Grand Ledge, MI with his wife Kristin and sons Tristan and Maxim. He once owned a used Volvo and currently has a boxing ring in his basement. Zachary Bartels, M.Div . is an award-winning preacher and Bible teacher (and, apparently, some sort of self-styled social scientist).
    [Show full text]
  • SEINFELD on MARKETING
    SEINFELD on MARKETING 777 Marketing lessons from the cast of “the show about nothing” by Bill Gammell http://ubereye.wordpress.com © Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc . A show about nothing… All this time we thought Seinfeld was a show about “nothing”. Little did we know that peppered in its nine seasons were hidden, real-world marketing lessons taught from the masters themselves. But unlike the Soup Nazi’s secret soup recipes, these marketing lessons are to be shared freely with everyone. In fact (to loosely quote Elaine Benes when she discovered the secret recipes of the short-tempered Soup Nazi), feel free to give these lessons to every marketer in town , to have ‘em published (not really) or drop them as fliers from a plane above the city. So why did I write this ebook? Anyone who knows me well knows that I watch way too much Seinfeld. So much so that many times during a conversation with someone I’ll remark, “Hey, that reminds me of a Seinfeld episode where Jerry and Kramer are…” Basically, it’s a curse. We’ll that’s all about to change with this ebook. I have decided to use my Seinfeld powers for the good of marketing-kind. Maybe this will help to quite the voices in my head (doubtful, but one can hope). Even if you have never watched an episode of Seinfeld in your life (shame on you!), you can still participate. I’ll give you the background of each episode so that you can play along at home. …on with tthehe show.
    [Show full text]
  • O.305.438.9200 - [email protected]
    404 Washington Ave., Suite 730 - Miami Beach, FL 33139- o.305.438.9200 - [email protected] IF VOLUME 113, No.309 FACEBOOK.COM/MIAMIHERALD WINNER OF 20 Early storms TUESDAY JULY192016 $1 STAY CONNECTED MIAMIHERALD.COM TWITTER.COM/MIAMIHERALD PULITZER PRIZES 91°/79° See 4B H1 WORLD SCRUTINY ON IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL Documents obtained by the AP show that nuclear limits imposed on Iran will start to ease before the accord expires. 12A TROPICAL LIFE OLYMPIC SPLASH FOR FOOTVOLLEY? In footvolley — a new demonstration sport at the Rio Olympics — you can’t use your hands to get the ball over the net, but you JOHN LOCHER AP Illinois delegate Christian Gramm, left, and other delegates react as some call for a roll call vote on the adoption of the rules Monday at the can use your feet. 1C Republican National Convention in Cleveland. ‘Hold the vote!’ the anti-Trump faction chanted. ‘Roll call!’ Their microphones were shut off. CAMPAIGN 2016 | REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION Trump’s law-and-order night preceded by a day of chaos delegates tried one last time to insurrection withdrew — appar- SPORTS ........................................................ BY PATRICIA MAZZEI prevent Donald Trump from ently pressured by party leaders Political unrest marked the [email protected] winning the GOP’s presi- who didn’t want to be embar- FINS SIGN FOSTER first day of the Republican dential nomination. rassed. The maneuver led to National Convention CLEVELAND They amassed raucous protests on the con- TO 1-YEAR DEAL ........................................................ It was supposed to be law-and- enough support to The Dolphins signed It culminated with a order night at the Republican force a full vote of SEE CONVENTION, 2A veteran running back Arian last-ditch protest by National Convention.
    [Show full text]
  • Seinfeld Trivia : Everything About Nothing Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    SEINFELD TRIVIA : EVERYTHING ABOUT NOTHING PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Dennis Bjorklund | 78 pages | 19 Nov 2013 | Createspace Independent Publishing Platform | 9781494227241 | English | none Seinfeld Trivia : Everything About Nothing PDF Book You know, he's got the three-cornered hat and the knickers and the Def Leppard T-shirt. Until Jan Susan isn't happy he won't share the sweet password with her. Who out of Elaine, George, and Kramer speaks these words? Alex Summer Carnival. When asked about when he first met Larry David during a Reddit AMA , Seinfeld gave a surprising answer and admitted that even David didn't know this story:. Elaine doesn't take the Soup Nazi's rules seriously and pays the price. About Publish Join Sign In. Originally, the main female character was supposed to be Claire, a waitress at the coffee shop who would offer Jerry and George advice with their coffee. In addition to writing books, the Author provides literary contributions to numerous entertainment magazines, and appears on E Entertainment and Biography Channel as an authoritative expert. Color: Color. Finally, there is a reference book that can be trusted. Join a line-up of Australia's most iconic rock stars for a day. Even more remarkable is the incredibly meticulous guide written for all episodes, which includes the most relevant reference material: cast and technical credits, episode titles, original air dates, production codes, writers and directors, plot synopses, featured subplots, and supporting cast, including guest stars. It is simply the best trivia book on the market. Answers will not be provided in the chat.
    [Show full text]