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The Fujita Scale F‐Scale Intensity Wind Type of Damage Done Number Phrase Speed
Weather‐Wind Worksheet 2 L2 MiSP Weather-Wind Speed and Direction Worksheet #2 L2 Name _____________________________ Date_____________ Tornados – Pressure and Wind Speed Introduction (excerpts from http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tstorms/tornado.htm ) A tornado is a violently rotating (usually counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere) column of air descending from a thunderstorm and in contact with the ground. The United States experiences more tornadoes by far than any other country. In a typical year about 1000 tornadoes will strike the United States. The peak of the tornado season is April through June and more tornadoes strike the central United States than any other place in the world. This area has been nicknamed "tornado alley." Most tornadoes are spawned from thunderstorms. Tornadoes can last from several seconds to more than an hour but most last less than 10 minutes. The size and/or shape of a tornado are no measure of its strength. Occasionally, small tornadoes do major damage and some very large tornadoes, over a quarter-mile wide, have produced only light damage. The Fujita Scale F‐Scale Intensity Wind Type of Damage Done Number Phrase Speed 40‐72 Some damage to chimneys; breaks branches off trees; F0 Gale tornado mph pushes over shallow‐rooted trees; damages sign boards. The lower limit is the beginning of hurricane wind speed; Moderate 73‐112 peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off F1 tornado mph foundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off the roads; attached garages may be destroyed. Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; Significant 113‐157 mobile homes demolished; boxcars pushed over; large F2 tornado mph trees snapped or uprooted; light object missiles generated. -
English Maths
Summer Term Curriculum Overview for Year 5 2021 only Black-First half (The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe) Red- Second half (The Secret Garden) English Reading Comprehension Planning, Composing and Evaluating Maths Develop ideas through reading and research Grammar, Punctuation and Vocabulary Use a wide knowledge of text types, forms and styles to inform Check that the text makes sense to them and Fractions B (calculating) (4 weeks) Decimals and percentages (3 weeks) Decimals (5 weeks) their writing Use correct grammatical terminology when discuss their understanding discussing their writing Plan and write for a clear purpose and audience Use imagination and empathy to explore a text Ensure that the content and style of writing accurately reflects Decimals (5 weeks) Geometry: angles (just shape work, angles have been covered) Geometry: position and Use the suffixes –ate, -ise, and –ify to convert nouns beyond the page the purpose or adjectives into verbs Answer questions drawing on information from Borrow and adapt writers’ techniques from book, screen and direction Measurement: volume and converting units Understand what parenthesis is several places in the text stage Recognise and identify brackets and dashes Predict what may happen using stated and Balance narrative writing between action, description and dialogue Use brackets, dashes or commas for parenthesis implied details and a wider personal Geography Evaluate the work of others and suggest improvements Ensure correct subject verb agreement understanding of the world Evaluate their work effectively and make improvements based Name, locate and describe major world cities. Revisit: Identify the location and explain the Summarise using an appropriate amount of detail on this function of the Prime (or Greenwich) Meridian and different time zones (including day and History as evidence Proof–read for spelling and punctuation errors night). -
Benthic Community Response to Iceberg Scouring at an Intensely Disturbed Shallow Water Site at Adelaide Island, Antarctica
Vol. 355: 85–94, 2008 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published February 26 doi: 10.3354/meps07311 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Benthic community response to iceberg scouring at an intensely disturbed shallow water site at Adelaide Island, Antarctica Dan A. Smale*, David K. A. Barnes, Keiron P. P. Fraser, Lloyd S. Peck British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK ABSTRACT: Disturbance is a key structuring force influencing shallow water communities at all latitudes. Polar nearshore communities are intensely disturbed by ice, yet little is known about benthic recovery following iceberg groundings. Understanding patterns of recovery following ice scour may be particularly important in the West Antarctic Peninsula region, one of the most rapidly changing marine systems on Earth. Here we present the first observations from within the Antarc- tic Circle of community recovery following iceberg scouring. Three grounded icebergs were marked at a highly disturbed site at Adelaide Island (~67° S) and the resultant scours were sampled at <1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 30 to 32 mo following formation. Each iceberg impact was catastrophic in that it resulted in a 92 to 96% decrease in abundance compared with reference zones, but all post- scoured communities increased in similarity towards ‘undisturbed’ assemblages over time. Taxa recovered at differing rates, probably due to varying mechanisms of return to scoured areas. By the end of the study, we found no differences in abundance between scoured and reference samples for 6 out of 9 major taxonomic groups. Five pioneer species had consistently elevated abundances in scours compared with reference zones. -
A New Ice Accretion Model for Aircraft Icing Based on Phase-Field Method
applied sciences Article A New Ice Accretion Model for Aircraft Icing Based on Phase-Field Method Hao Dai 1, Chunling Zhu 1,*, Huanyu Zhao 2 and Senyun Liu 3 1 College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Aircraft Icing and Ice Protection, AVIC Aerodynamics Research Institute, Shenyang 110034, China; [email protected] 3 Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-Icing, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Aircraft icing presents a serious threat to the aerodynamic performance and safety of aircraft. The numerical simulation method for the accurate prediction of icing shape is an important method to evaluate icing hazards and develop aircraft icing protection systems. Referring to the phase-field method, a new ice accretion mathematical model is developed to predict the ice shape. The mass fraction of ice in the mixture is selected as the phase parameter, and the phase equation is established with a freezing coefficient. Meanwhile, the mixture thickness and temperature are determined by combining mass conservation and energy balance. Ice accretions are simulated under typical ice conditions, including rime ice, glaze ice and mixed ice, and the ice shape and its characteristics are analyzed and compared with those provided by experiments and LEWICE. The results show that the phase-field ice accretion model can predict the ice shape under different icing conditions, especially reflecting some main characteristics of glaze ice. Keywords: numerical simulation; phase-field method; aircraft icing; ice accretion model Citation: Dai, H.; Zhu, C.; Zhao, H.; Liu, S. -
River Ice Management in North America
RIVER ICE MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA REPORT 2015:202 HYDRO POWER River ice management in North America MARCEL PAUL RAYMOND ENERGIE SYLVAIN ROBERT ISBN 978-91-7673-202-1 | © 2015 ENERGIFORSK Energiforsk AB | Phone: 08-677 25 30 | E-mail: [email protected] | www.energiforsk.se RIVER ICE MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA Foreword This report describes the most used ice control practices applied to hydroelectric generation in North America, with a special emphasis on practical considerations. The subjects covered include the control of ice cover formation and decay, ice jamming, frazil ice at the water intakes, and their impact on the optimization of power generation and on the riparians. This report was prepared by Marcel Paul Raymond Energie for the benefit of HUVA - Energiforsk’s working group for hydrological development. HUVA incorporates R&D- projects, surveys, education, seminars and standardization. The following are delegates in the HUVA-group: Peter Calla, Vattenregleringsföretagen (ordf.) Björn Norell, Vattenregleringsföretagen Stefan Busse, E.ON Vattenkraft Johan E. Andersson, Fortum Emma Wikner, Statkraft Knut Sand, Statkraft Susanne Nyström, Vattenfall Mikael Sundby, Vattenfall Lars Pettersson, Skellefteälvens vattenregleringsföretag Cristian Andersson, Energiforsk E.ON Vattenkraft Sverige AB, Fortum Generation AB, Holmen Energi AB, Jämtkraft AB, Karlstads Energi AB, Skellefteå Kraft AB, Sollefteåforsens AB, Statkraft Sverige AB, Umeå Energi AB and Vattenfall Vattenkraft AB partivipates in HUVA. Stockholm, November 2015 Cristian -
Years 3–4, and the Others in Years 5–6
Unit 16 What’s in the news? ABOUT THE UNIT This is a ‘continuous’ unit, designed to be developed at various points through the key stage. It shows how news items at a widening range of scales can be used to develop geographical skills and ideas. The unit can be used flexibly when relevant news events occur. The teaching ideas could be selected and used outside designated geography curriculum time, eg during assembly, a short activity at the beginning or end of the day, or within a context for literacy and mathematics work. Alternatively the ideas could be integrated within other geography units where appropriate, eg weather reports could be linked to work on weather and distant localities, see Unit 7. The first three sections are designed to be used in years 3–4, and the others in years 5–6. The unit offers links to literacy, mathematics, speaking and listening and IT. Widening range of scales Undertake fieldwork Wider context Use globes, maps School locality and atlases UK locality Use secondary sources Overseas locality Identify places on Physical and human features maps A, B and C Similarities and differences Use ICT Changes Weather: seasons, world weather Environment: impact Other aspects of skills, places and themes may be covered depending on the content of the news item. VOCABULARY RESOURCES In this unit, children are likely to use: • newspapers • news, current affairs, issues, weather, weather symbols, climate, country, • access to the internet continent, land use, environmental quality, community, physical features, human • local -
Wind Energy Forecasting: a Collaboration of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Xcel Energy
Wind Energy Forecasting: A Collaboration of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Xcel Energy Keith Parks Xcel Energy Denver, Colorado Yih-Huei Wan National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado Gerry Wiener and Yubao Liu University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Boulder, Colorado NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. S ubcontract Report NREL/SR-5500-52233 October 2011 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Wind Energy Forecasting: A Collaboration of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Xcel Energy Keith Parks Xcel Energy Denver, Colorado Yih-Huei Wan National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado Gerry Wiener and Yubao Liu University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Boulder, Colorado NREL Technical Monitor: Erik Ela Prepared under Subcontract No. AFW-0-99427-01 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Subcontract Report 1617 Cole Boulevard NREL/SR-5500-52233 Golden, Colorado 80401 October 2011 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 This publication received minimal editorial review at NREL. NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. -
Wind Characteristics 1 Meteorology of Wind
Chapter 2—Wind Characteristics 2–1 WIND CHARACTERISTICS The wind blows to the south and goes round to the north:, round and round goes the wind, and on its circuits the wind returns. Ecclesiastes 1:6 The earth’s atmosphere can be modeled as a gigantic heat engine. It extracts energy from one reservoir (the sun) and delivers heat to another reservoir at a lower temperature (space). In the process, work is done on the gases in the atmosphere and upon the earth-atmosphere boundary. There will be regions where the air pressure is temporarily higher or lower than average. This difference in air pressure causes atmospheric gases or wind to flow from the region of higher pressure to that of lower pressure. These regions are typically hundreds of kilometers in diameter. Solar radiation, evaporation of water, cloud cover, and surface roughness all play important roles in determining the conditions of the atmosphere. The study of the interactions between these effects is a complex subject called meteorology, which is covered by many excellent textbooks.[4, 8, 20] Therefore only a brief introduction to that part of meteorology concerning the flow of wind will be given in this text. 1 METEOROLOGY OF WIND The basic driving force of air movement is a difference in air pressure between two regions. This air pressure is described by several physical laws. One of these is Boyle’s law, which states that the product of pressure and volume of a gas at a constant temperature must be a constant, or p1V1 = p2V2 (1) Another law is Charles’ law, which states that, for constant pressure, the volume of a gas varies directly with absolute temperature. -
FAA Advisory Circular AC 91-74B
U.S. Department Advisory of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Circular Subject: Pilot Guide: Flight in Icing Conditions Date:10/8/15 AC No: 91-74B Initiated by: AFS-800 Change: This advisory circular (AC) contains updated and additional information for the pilots of airplanes under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) parts 91, 121, 125, and 135. The purpose of this AC is to provide pilots with a convenient reference guide on the principal factors related to flight in icing conditions and the location of additional information in related publications. As a result of these updates and consolidating of information, AC 91-74A, Pilot Guide: Flight in Icing Conditions, dated December 31, 2007, and AC 91-51A, Effect of Icing on Aircraft Control and Airplane Deice and Anti-Ice Systems, dated July 19, 1996, are cancelled. This AC does not authorize deviations from established company procedures or regulatory requirements. John Barbagallo Deputy Director, Flight Standards Service 10/8/15 AC 91-74B CONTENTS Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1. Purpose ..............................................................................................................................1 1-2. Cancellation ......................................................................................................................1 1-3. Definitions.........................................................................................................................1 1-4. Discussion .........................................................................................................................6 -
The Weather the Weather
The weather Área Lectura y Escritura Resultados de aprendizaje Conocer vocabulario relacionado al clima. Utilizar vocabulario relacionado al clima en contextos de escritura formal. Contenidos 1. General vocabulary words Debo saber - Simple present - Present continuous - Simple past - Past continuous The Weather Cold weather In Scandinavia, the chilly (1) days of autumn soon change to the cold days of winter. The first frosts (2) arrive and the roads become icy. Rain becomes sleet (3) and then snow, at first turning to slush (4) in the streets, but soon settling (5), with severe blizzards (6) and snowdrifts (7) in the far north. Freezing weather often continues in the far north until May or even June, when the ground starts to thaw (8) and the ice melts (9) again. - (1) cold, but not very - (2) thin white coat of ice on everything - (3) rain and snow mixed - (4) dirty, brownish, half- snow, half – water - (5) staying as a white covering - (6) snow blown by high winds - (7) Deep banks of snow against walls, etc. - (8) change from hard, frozen state to normal - (9) change from solid to liquid under heat Servicios Académicos para el Acompañamiento y la Permanencia - PAIEP Primera Edición - 2016 En caso de encontrar algún error, contáctate con PAIEP-USACH al correo: [email protected] 1 Warm / hot weather - Close: warm and uncomfortable. - Stifling: hot, uncomfortable, you can hardly breathe. - Humid: hot and damp, makes you sweat a lot. - Scorching: very hot, often used in positive contexts. - Boling: very hot, often used in negative contexts - Mild: warm at a time when it is normally cold - Heat wave last month: very hot, dry period Wet weather This wet weather scale gets stronger from left to right. -
Lecture Notes on Marine Meteorology
Lecture notes on Marine Meteorology By Shri S. P. Joshi Assistant. Meteorologist Office of DDGM (WF) India Meteorological Department Pune-5 Preface The aim of these lecture notes is to provide training to the marine observers in handling and maintenance of meteorological instruments and collect meteorological observations in the form of logbooks. The chapters included in these lecture notes are from the Basic and Intermediate training courses of the department. The present lecture notes are merely a collection of information available on Internet and are compiled from various WMO sites, freely available, keeping in view the up-and-coming trends and new technological advancements. This collection is for private circulation for trainees of Basic and Intermediate training courses of the department and the author do not intend to violate copyrights of anybody what so ever. Port Meteorological Officers in the immediate future have to deal with the modernization of the marine equipments and automation of Marine Data collection, its transmission and archival by observing minimum quality control through the in-built software like TURBOWIN. These lecture notes will also be useful to Port Meteorological Officers in understanding the nature of work of PMOs and will provide them the useful guidelines. A separate chapter on installation of Turbowin is also included in these notes. S. P. Joshi. 9th April 2005. Gudhi Padva Table of contents Chapter no Contents Page no. 1 WMO Voluntary Observing Ships’ Scheme 1 2 Meteorological Instrumentation on board ships 8 3 Port Meteorological Office ( PMO ) 15 4 The Ship Weather Code 19 5 Broadcast of weather bulletins for Merchant shipping 24 6 Broadcast of weather bulletins for Indian navy 28 7 Warnings to Ports and Storm Warning Signals 30 8 Broadcast of weather warnings for fishermen through 34 All India Radio. -
WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison--Final Report
W O R L D M E T E O R O L O G I C A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N INSTRUMENTS AND OBSERVING METHODS R E P O R T No. 67 WMO SOLID PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT INTERCOMPARISON FINAL REPORT by B.E. Goodison and P.Y.T. Louie (both Canada) and D. Yang (China) WMO/TD - No. 872 1998 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This report has been produced without editorial revision by the WMO Secretariat. It is not an official WMO publication and its distribution in this form does not imply endorsement by the Organization of the ideas expressed. FOREWORD The WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison was started in the northern hemisphere winter of 1986/87. The field work was carried out in 13 Member countries for seven years. The Intercomparison was the result of Recommendation 17 of the ninth session of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO-IX). As in previous WMO intercomparisons of rain gauges, the main objective of this test was to assess national methods of measuring solid precipitation against methods whose accuracy and reliability were known. It included past and current procedures, automated systems and new methods of observation. The experiment was designed to determine especially wind related errors, and wetting and evaporative losses in national methods of measuring solid precipitation.