SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT UPPER AMERICAN RIVER PROJECT

HYDRO LICENSE IMPLEMENTATION

NEW SLAB CREEK POWERHOUSE HYDRO LICENSING ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT: TERRESTRIAL RESOURCE EVALUATION

FINAL REPORT V2 updated September 2011

PREPARED BY: STILLWATER SCIENCES DAVIS, CALIFORNIA

PREPARED FOR: SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA

September 2011

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Sacramento Municipal Utility District Upper American River Project FERC Project No. 2101

TABLE OF CONTENTS Section & Description Page

1 Introduction ...... 1-1 1.1 Project Background ...... 1-1 1.2 Project Purpose and Location ...... 1-2 1.3 Study Objective and Survey Areas ...... 1-2 2 Methods...... 2-2 2.1 Botanical Resources ...... 2-2 2.1.1 Establishing the List of Target Species ...... 2-2 2.1.2 Pre-field Review ...... 2-12 2.1.3 Field Surveys ...... 2-15 2.2 Wildlife Resources ...... 2-17 2.2.1 Establishing the List of Species with Potential to Occur in the Project area ...... 2-17 2.2.2 Pre-field Review ...... 2-18 2.2.3 Field Surveys ...... 2-18 3 Results ...... 3-1 3.1 Botanical Resources ...... 3-1 3.1.1 Special-Status Plants, Lichen, and Fungi ...... 3-1 3.1.2 Invasive Weeds ...... 3-7 3.1.3 Vegetation Types ...... 3-15 3.2 Wildlife Resources ...... 3-21 3.2.1 Special-Status Terrestrial Wildlife ...... 3-21 3.2.2 Other Wildlife Species ...... 3-27 4 Literature Cited ...... 4-1

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LIST OF TABLES Table No. & Description Page

Table 1. Target list of special-status plant species with the potential to occur in the Project area...... 2-3

Table 2. Target list of invasive weed species with potential to occur in the Project area...... 2-8

Table 3. Previously documented occurrences of special-status plant species in the vicinity of the Project...... 2-13

Table 4. Summary of special-status vascular plant population occurrences in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse and Recreation Parking survey areas...... 3-4

Table 5a. Summary of high-priority targeted, invasive plant species documented in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area...... 3-9

Table 5b. Summary of high-priority targeted, invasive plant species documented in the Recreation Parking survey area...... 3-10

Table 6a. Summary of low-priority targeted, invasive plant species documented in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area...... 3-13

Table 6b. Summary of low-priority targeted, invasive plant species documented in the Recreation Parking survey area...... 3-14

Table 7a. Summary of vegetation types documented in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area...... 3-18

Table 7b. Summary of vegetation types documented in the Recreation Parking survey area. 3-18

Table 8. Special-status terrestrial wildlife species known to or likely to occur within the Project area...... 3-22

Table 9. Wildlife species observed during 2010 wildlife habitat assessment and bird surveys...... 3-28

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. & Description

Figure 1a. Project location map and survey area for the New Slab Creek Powerhouse Project...... 1-4

Figure 1b. Project location map and survey area for the proposed Recreation Parking Area for the New Slab Creek Powerhouse Project...... 2-1

Figure 2a. Special-status plant population locations documented during 2010 botanical survey in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area...... 3-2

Figure 2b. Special-status plant populations located during 2011 botanical survey in the Recreation Parking survey area...... 3-3

Figure 3a. Invasive weed population locations documented during 2010 botanical surveys in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area...... 3-11

Figure 3b. Invasive weed population locations documented during 2011 botanical surveys in the Recreation Parking survey area...... 3-12

Figure 4a. Vegetation community types mapped during 2010 botanical surveys in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area...... 3-16

Figure 4b. Vegetation community types mapped during 2011 botanical surveys in the Recreation Parking survey area...... 3-17

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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix & Description

Appendix A. All Special-Status Plant Species with the Potential to Occur Within the Project Area

Appendix B. All Special-Status Terrestrial Wildlife Species with the Potential to Occur Within the Project Area

Appendix C-1. Comprehensive List of Vascular Plant Species Observed Within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse Survey Area

Appendix C-2. Comprehensive List of Vascular Plant Species Observed Within the Recreation Parking Survey Area

Appendix D-1. Photographs of Special-Status Plant Populations Documented Within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse Survey Area

Appendix D-2. Photographs of the Special-Status Plant Populations Documented Within the Recreation Parking Survey Area

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Acronym Definition CDFA California Department of Food and Agriculture CDFG California Department of Fish and Game CIWTG California Interagency Wildlife Task Group CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database CNPS California Native Plant Society CSU California State University FEIS Final Environmental Impact Statement FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FSCD First Stage Consultation Document GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System PDEA Preliminary Draft Environmental Assessment PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric SFAR South Fork American River SMUD Sacramento Municipal Utility District UARP Upper American River Project USFS U.S. Forest Service USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

The Upper American River Project (UARP) is a 688 MW hydroelectric project consisting of eight separate powerhouses maintained and operated by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). The smallest is Slab Creek Powerhouse, a 0.4 MW facility lying at the base of Slab Creek Reservoir Dam on the South Fork American River (SFAR). This powerhouse generates power from the 10 or 36 cfs minimum release requirements under the existing license. Under the new license, higher and more variable minimum releases ranging between 63 and 415 cfs will be released from Slab Creek Reservoir.

Preliminary engineering feasibility studies have demonstrated the value of adding a new powerhouse at Slab Creek Reservoir to take advantage of the new minimum releases. However, the size of the release valve at the base of Slab Creek Reservoir Dam, which feeds into the existing powerhouse, limits the volume of water to approximately 260 cfs. As a result, SMUD has agreed to modify facilities at Slab Creek Reservoir to facilitate the 415 cfs as soon as feasible and within 3 years of the issuance of the new license. SMUD has also agreed to provide boating flows below Slab Creek Reservoir of up to 1,500 cfs. Boating flows can be provided by either spilling water over Slab Creek Dam or boring a new hole through the base of the dam and installing a larger pipe and release valve; however, the cost of either option is high.

SMUD has, therefore, determined that White Rock Adit 3, a short tunnel that connects to the White Rock Power Tunnel, is the optimal location for a new powerhouse that can facilitate the minimum and boating releases required under the new license. Originally used for power tunnel construction purposes, the adit currently serves as an access point for inspection and maintenance of the power tunnel. An iron bulkhead prevents water passing through the power tunnel from entering the adit tunnel. Under the current proposal, a valve inserted into the bulkhead would deliver water into a penstock leading to the powerhouse at the end of the adit. The powerhouse would be located along the SFAR, directly downstream of Iowa Canyon Creek, and would be capable of generating over a broad range of releases. Advantages of the proposed adit powerhouse include: • avoidance of a challenging construction project for a new powerhouse at the base of Slab Creek Dam, as there are no roads leading to the base of the dam and steep canyon walls on either side; • elimination of the need to bore an expensive and potentially destabilizing hole through Slab Creek Dam to install a pipe large enough to release the boating flows; • reduction of the need to spill water over the dam, which could limit UARP operational flexibility and output at multiple dams; • and an increase in power generation compared to a powerhouse at the base on the dam.

SMUD’s existing Slab Creek Powerhouse is interconnected to the grid through a 12 KV Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) distribution line. A new 2.75 MW powerhouse would impact the existing PG&E distribution system. Eventually, SMUD may transmit electricity from the new powerhouse to the Iowa Hill Powerhouse, obviating the need to use PG&E lines. However, in the immediate term, SMUD will pursue a new interconnection agreement with PG&E. The new

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agreement may result in upgrades to the PG&E’s system in the form of reconductering or adding additional circuits to the existing pole line and substation, and a new powerline from the New Slab Creek Powerhouse to the existing PG&E distribution line will be required. This powerline will likely follow existing roads and require minimal clearing of a right-of-way.

SMUD has investigated the license amendment process required to add the New Slab Creek Powerhouse to the UARP. Based on recent discussions with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), SMUD has determined the addition of a new powerhouse at White Rock Adit 3 will trigger the License Action Amendment process, requiring three stages of consultation. SMUD, however, plans to initiate a hybrid license amendment process that limits consultation with resource agencies and other stakeholders to the first stage of a standard three- stage process. Nevertheless, unless the resource agencies agree to SMUD’s approach and waive the second and third stage consultations, compliance with all three phases of the consultation process will likely be required. The three stages are: (1) provide information to the resource agencies in the form of a First Stage Consultation Document (FSCD), convene a meeting 30-60 days later, and allow 60 days for comments; (2) perform studies, collect data, prepare and distribute a draft license amendment application to the stakeholders, and allow 90 days to comment; and (3) file the license amendment application.

1.2 Project Purpose and Location

As described in Section 1.1, SMUD plans to add a new powerhouse, the New Slab Creek Powerhouse, to the UARP. The new powerhouse is expected to be a 2.75 MW facility that generates energy from the Slab Creek Reservoir minimum releases that will be required of SMUD under the new UARP license. SMUD plans to place the new powerhouse a 1/4 mile below Slab Creek Dam, at the White Rock Adit 3 tunnel. SMUD will also be providing recreational flow releases and associated parking areas (PBS&J et al. 2010). The New Slab Creek Powerhouse Project (Project) area is located just below the Slab Creek Reservoir Dam on the SFAR (Figure 1a) in Section 25 of Township 11 North, Range 12 East of the Slate Mountain, California USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map. The proposed long-term managed parking area (hereafter, proposed parking area) and existing dispersed unmanaged parking area (hereafter, existing parking area; PBS&J et al. 2010) are located on Slab Creek Road south of the Slab Creek Reservoir Dam (Figure 1b). Elevations in the Project area range from approximately 1,640 – 2,100 ft (500 – 640 m).

1.3 Study Objective and Survey Areas

The objective of this study was to conduct an initial terrestrial resources evaluation in support of the FSCD for the license amendment process. The terrestrial resources evaluation conducted in 2010 included a comprehensive survey for special-status plant species and an assessment of habitat suitability for special-status wildlife species in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area, which included (1) land to be disturbed during construction of the powerhouse adjacent to White Rock Adit 3, including the construction footprint area for the proposed powerhouse and areas that will be used to access the construction site, (2) the proposed boating put-in on the north side of the SFAR, and (3) the proposed powerline route between the new powerhouse and the connection to the existing PG&E distribution line. Botanical and wildlife surveys were

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conducted 100 ft on either side of all proposed and existing features, roads, trails, and powerlines associated with the Project (Figure 1a). A subsequent evaluation conducted in 2011 included a comprehensive survey for special-status plants in a proposed parking area located on Slab Creek Road. Botanical surveys were conducted within the Recreation Parking survey area, which included a 100-ft buffer around the footprint of the proposed parking area (Figure 1b). Surveyors also mapped additional locations of rare plant species observed in the existing parking area (Figures 2a–2b).

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Figure 1a. Project location map and survey area for the terrestrial resources evaluation for the New Slab Creek Powerhouse Project.

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Figure 1b. Project location map and survey area for the proposed Recreation Parking Area for the New Slab Creek Powerhouse Project.

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2 METHODS

2.1 Botanical Resources

2.1.1 Establishing the List of Target Species

2.1.1.1 Special-Status Plant, Lichen, and Fungi

The target list of special-status plant species (i.e., the list of special-status plant species for which habitat exists within the Project area and distributional range as appropriate) was developed through querying the following resources: • The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) list of federally listed and proposed endangered and threatened species (USFWS 2010, 2011), • The California Native Plant Society’s (CNPS) online Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California (CNPS 2010, 2011), • The California Department of Fish and Game’s (CDFG) California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) (CDFG 2010, 2011), and • The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) most current list of plants considered by the Eldorado National Forest as sensitive and watchlist (USFS 2008b, 2011).

The USFWS, CNPS, and CNDDB database queries were each based on a search of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5’ quadrangle in which the Project is located (Slate Mountain), and its surrounding eight quadrangles (Camino, Devil Peak, Garden Valley, Georgetown, Placerville, Pollock Pines, Sly Park, and Tunnel Hill). An El Dorado county-wide query was conducted of the USFWS database and the USFS queries included the entire Eldorado National Forest.

Appendix A lists all special-status plant species identified from the sources described above. In order to ascertain if the target species have the potential to occur in the Project area, habitat preferences for each species were compared with information obtained from (1) the Final Environmental Impact Statement for Hydropower License, Upper American River Hydroelectric Project (FERC and USFS 2008); (2) Special-Status Plants and Invasive/Noxious Weeds Technical Report (SMUD 2004a); (3) Biological Constraints Analysis for Iowa Hill Pumped Storage Facility (SMUD 2007); (4) a literature review; and, (5) communication with Susan Durham of the Eldorado National Forest (Durham, pers. comm., 2010 and 2011). Table 1 summarizes the final target list of special-status plant species with the potential to occur in the Project area based on the literature and database reviews, and discussions with agency staff.

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Table 1. Target list of special-status plant species with the potential to occur in the Project area. Status1 Elevation Common Scoping Blooming 3 Scientific Name Federal/State/ 2 Range feet Habitat Associations Name Source Period 3 CRPR/USFS (meters) Vascular Plant Species Serpentine outcrops (USFS 2008b); chaparral var. bulbiferous 984–2,297 Allium sanbornii --/--/4.3/W USFS Apr–Jul and serpentinite or herb (300–700) congdonii volcanic substrates in cismontane woodland Serpentine outcrops (USFS 2008b); chaparral, 853–4,954 cismontane woodland, var. Sanborn's Allium sanbornii --/--/4.2/W USFS May–Sep (260– and usually serpentinite onion sanbornii 1,510) or gravelly substrates and lower montane coniferous forest Closed-cone coniferous 1,476– forest, chaparral or rocky CNDDB, Nissenan 3,609 areas; usually associated Arctostaphylos --/--/1B.2/S CNPS, Feb–Mar manzanita (450– with other metamorphics nissenana USFS 1,100) and other chaparral species Chaparral, cismontane, Balsamorhiza big-scale 295–5,102 and valley and foothill var. --/--/1B.2/S USFS Mar–Jun macrolepis balsamroot (90–1,555) grassland, sometimes on macrolepis serpentenite substrates Lower montane Pleasant 1,001– CNDDB, coniferous forest Valley 5,905 Calochortus clavatus --/--/1B.2/S CNPS, May–Jul (Josephine silt loam and var. mariposa (305– avius USFS volcanic derived soils), lily 1,800) often in rocky areas Openings in chaparral, Stebbins's Endangered/ 607–2,395 cismontane woodland, morning- Endangered/ USFWS Apr–Jul Calystegia stebbinsii (185–730) sometimes on gabbroic or glory 1B.1/-- serpentenite substrates Chaparral, cismontane Pine Hill Endangered/ 853–2,067 woodland, sometimes on USFWS Apr–Jun Ceanothus roderickii ceanothus Rare/1B.2/-- (260–630) serpentinite or gabbroic substrates Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower montane coniferous forest, CNDDB, sometimes serpentenite or CNPS, 804–4,068 gabbroic substrates, but Red Hills Chlorogalum --/--/1B.2/W USFS, May–Jun (245– also on non-ultramafic soaproot grandiflorum SMUD 1,240) substrates; often on 2004 historically disturbed sites; serpentine outcrops open shrubby or wooded hills (USFS 2008b)

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Status1 Elevation Common Scoping Blooming 3 Scientific Name Federal/State/ 2 Range feet Habitat Associations Name Source Period 3 CRPR/USFS (meters) Chaparral, cismontane woodland, sometimes serpentenite substrates; ssp. Mariposa CNDDB, 984–3,232 Clarkia biloba --/--/1B.2/-- May–Jul some occurrences on clarkia CNPS (300–985) australis foothill woodland or within the riparian ecotone Chaparral, cismontane ssp. Brandegee's CNDDB, 239–3,002 woodland, lower montane Clarkia biloba --/--/1B.2/-- May–Jul brandegeeae clarkia CNPS (73–915) coniferous forest, often roadcuts 1,312– Cismontane woodland Sierra 5,299 --/--/4.3/-- CNPS May–Aug and lower montane Clarkia virgata clarkia (400– coniferous forest 1,615) Streambank 820–3,937 Rocky areas of Claytonia parviflora spring --/--/4.2/-- CNPS Feb–May (250– ssp. cismontane woodlands grandiflora beauty 1,200) Broadleaved upland mountain 607–7,300 forest, cismontane Cypripedium lady's --/--/4.2/S USFS Mar–Aug (185– woodland, lower montane montanum slipper 2,225) coniferous forest, north coast coniferous forest 656–5,249 Chaparral, often tripod --/--/4.2/S USFS May–Jul (200– serpentinite substrates in Eriogonum tripodum buckwheat 1,600) cismontane woodland Chaparral, cismontane 1,394– Pine Hill Endangered/ woodland sometimes Fremontodendron USFWS Apr–Jul 2,493 flannelbush Rare/1B.2/-- gabbroic or serpentenite decumbens (425–760) substrates, rocky sites Chaparral, cismontane El Dorado Endangered/ 328–1,919 woodland, lower montane Galium californicum USFWS May–Jun ssp. sierrae bedstraw Rare/1B.2/-- (100–585) coniferous forest sometimes on gabbroic Openings in chaparral or cismontane woodland on Parry's CNDDB, 262–3,396 Ione formation and other --/--/1B.2/S Apr–Sep Horkelia parryi horkelia CNPS (80–1,035) soils; especially known from the Ione formation in Amador County Yellow-pine forest (USFS 2008b); chaparral, Humboldt 295–3,921 Lilium humboldtii --/--/4.2/W USFS May–Jul cismontane woodland, ssp. lily (90–1,195) humboldtii and openings in lower montane coniferous forest

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Status1 Elevation Common Scoping Blooming 3 Scientific Name Federal/State/ 2 Range feet Habitat Associations Name Source Period 3 CRPR/USFS (meters) Streambanks and other moist places in foothill 492–5,577 and low montane forest Sierra sweet --/--/4.3/W USFS May–Jun (150– (USFS 2008b); Myrica hartwegii bay 1,700) cismontane woodland, lower montane coniferous forest, and riparian forest 2,799– USFS, yellow-bur 4,600 Chaparral, cismontane Navarretia prolifera --/--/4.3/S SMUD May–Jul ssp. navarretia (853– woodland lutea 2007 1,402) CNDDB, Chaparral, cismontane CNPS, woodland sometimes on 656–3,281 Layne's Threatened/ USFWS, serpentinite or gabbroic Packera layneae Apr–Aug (200– ragwort Rare/1B.2/S USFS, substrates, rocky; (Senecio layneae) 1,000) SMUD occasionally along 2004 streams Cismontane woodland, CNDDB, lower montane coniferous 2,001– CNPS, forest, meadows and Stebbins' 6,594 --/--/1B.2/S USFS, May–Jul seeps, riparian woodland; Phacelia stebbinsii phacelia (610– SMUD among rocks and rubble 2,010) 2004 on metamorphic rock benches 1,968– Open, gravelly to rocky --/--/ May–Jun mariposa SMUD 7,874 soils, chaparral, oak/pine Considered (Munz Phacelia vallicola phacelia 2004 (600– woodland, coniferous but rejected/-- 1973) 2,400) forest (Hickman 1993) 3,937– Often sandy areas of Piperia colemanii Coleman’s CNPS, 7,526 (new addition since --/--/4.3/W Jun–Aug chaparral and lower rein-orchid USFS (1,200– Hickman 1993) montane coniferous forest 2,300) Dry shrubland-woodland 1,247– (USFS 2008b); narrow- 7,300 cismontane woodland, petaled rein --/--/4.3/W USFS May–Jul Piperia leptopetala (380– lower montane coniferous orchid 2,225) forest, and upper montane coniferous forest 1,198– Sierra blue 4,921 Lower montane --/--/1B.3/-- CNDDB Apr–Jun Poa sierrae grass (365– coniferous forest 1,500) Lower montane 1,493– coniferous forest, brownish CNDDB, 6,562 meadows and seeps, Rhynchospora --/--/2.2/-- Jul–Aug capitellata beaked-rush CNPS (455– marshes and swamps, 2,000) upper montane coniferous forest in mesic areas

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Status1 Elevation Common Scoping Blooming 3 Scientific Name Federal/State/ 2 Range feet Habitat Associations Name Source Period 3 CRPR/USFS (meters) Generally dense, mixed- USFS, evergreen forest, lower --/--/ SMUD Apr–May slopes or canyon bottoms 33–4,921 Pacific yew Considered 2007, (Munz (Hickman 1993); lower Taxus brevifolia (10–1,500) but rejected/W SMUD 1973) slopes of dense mixed 2004 evergreen forests (USFS 2008b) Lower elevations on Eldorado National Forest, Apr–May California 100–3,000 in shady canyons in forest --/--/--/W USFS (Munz Torreya californica nutmeg (30–915) or woodland, sometimes 1973) found in streamside locations (USFS 2008b) 705–4,593 Chaparral, cismontane oval-leaved CNDDB, --/--/2.3/-- May–Jun (215– woodland, lower montane Viburnum ellipticum viburnum CNPS 1,400) coniferous forest Chaparral, cismontane El Dorado woodland, and lower SMUD 607–2,067 County --/--/1B.2/-- Apr–Aug montane coniferous forest Wyethia reticula 2004 (185–630) mule ears sometimes on clay or gabbroic substrate Nonvascular Plant Species Cold, unpolluted streams in mixed conifer forests; streams do not have veined- intense peak flows, have a Peltigera hydrothyria --/--/--/S USFS N/A Unknown (Hydrotheria venosa) water lichen rich aquatic bryophyte flora, and are usually less than 0.7 ft (0.2 m) deep (but up to 3.3 ft [1 m]) 1 Federal refers to the Federal Endangered Species Act; State refers to the California Endangered Species Act; CNPS refers to the California Rare Plant Rank listing (1B = Rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere; 2 = Rare, threatened, or endangered in CA but common elsewhere; 3 = We need more information about this plant [Review List]; 4 = Limited Distribution [Watch List]; and, 0.1 = Seriously endangered in CA, 0.2 = Fairly endangered in CA, and 0.3 = Not very endangered in CA); USFS refers to U.S. Forest Service (S = U.S. Forest Service Sensitive, W = Watchlist). 2 CNPS 2010 and CNPS 2011. 3 CDFG 2010, CDFG 2011, CNPS 2010, and CNPS 2011 unless otherwise cited.

2.1.1.2 Invasive Weeds

The target list of invasive plant species was developed in consultation with Eldorado National Forest (Durham, pers. comm., 2010). The target list was based on consideration of species on two lists: Eldorado National Forest Noxious Weed Species (USFS 2008c) and Proposed Changes to Invasive Plant Species List (USFS 2010).

Subsequently, and in order to differentiate the level of survey effort necessary for each species, the combined target list of invasive plant species was divided into two categories: high- and low-priority invasive plant species. High priority species are Priority 1 species from USFS 2010 and predominantly List A species from USFS 2008c; low priority species are Priority 2, 3, and 4

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species from USFS 2010 and predominantly List B or not listed species from USFS 2008c. Table 2 summarizes the finalized list of high- and low-priority target invasive plant species. The data collected for high-priority invasive plants during the botanical survey include the extent of each species in each survey area as well as the specific location and relative abundance of each species; data collected for low-priority invasive plants include only the current extent of each species in each survey area.

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Table 2. Target list of invasive weed species with potential to occur in the Project area. Eldorado Previously Eldorado National Forest Cal-IPC Documented Common Scoping National Forest Scientific Name Proposed 2006 in Upper Name Source Status 4 1, 2 Listing Status American (USFS 2008c) 3 (USFS 2010) River Project High Priority Russian USFS 2008, Acroptilon repens List A Priority 1 Moderate No (Centaurea repens) knapweed USFS 2010 giant reed USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 High No Arundo donax grass lens-podded SMUD hoary cress, 2004, USFS Cardaria List A Priority 1 Moderate No chalepensis small 2008, USFS whitetop 2010 hoary cress, Cardaria draba heart-podded USFS 2008 List A Priority 1 Moderate No hoary cress Cardaria pubescens white-top USFS 2008 List A Priority 1 Limited No SMUD 2004, USFS musk thistle List A1 Priority 1 Moderate No Carduus nutans 2008, USFS 2010 SMUD 2004, USFS SMUD 2004, Carduus Italian thistle List B Priority 1 Moderate pycnocephalus 2008, USFS SMUD 2007 2010 woolly distaff USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 Moderate No Carthamus lanatus thistle spotted SMUD Centaurea List A Priority 1 Not listed No biebersteinii knapweed 2004 purple USFS 2008, Centaurea List A Priority 1 Moderate No calcitrapa starthistle USFS 2010 meadow Centaurea USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 Moderate No debeauxii knapweed diffuse SMUD knapweed, 2004, USFS List A Priority 1 Moderate No Centaurea diffusa white 2008, USFS knapweed 2010 spotted USFS 2008, Centaurea List A Priority 1 High No maculosa knapweed USFS 2010 SMUD yellow star- 2004, USFS Priority 1, Centaurea List A High SMUD 2004 solstitialis thistle 2008, USFS Priority 2 2010 SMUD 2004, USFS Canada thistle List A Priority 1 Moderate No Cirsium arvense 2008, USFS 2010 SMUD 2004, USFS Priority 1, Scotch broom List A High SMUD 2004 Cytisus scoparius 2008, USFS Priority 2 2010

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Eldorado Previously Eldorado National Forest Cal-IPC Documented Common Scoping National Forest Scientific Name Proposed 2006 in Upper Name Source Status 4 1, 2 Listing Status American (USFS 2008c) 3 (USFS 2010) River Project SMUD 2004, USFS leafy spurge List B1 Priority 1 High No Euphorbia esula 2008, USFS 2010 SMUD eggleaf 2004, USFS Euphorbia spurge, List A Priority 1 Limited No 2008, USFS oblongata oblong spurge 2010 SMUD 2004, USFS Priority 1, Genista French broom List A High SMUD 2004 monspessulana 2008, USFS Priority 2 2010 Isatis tinctoria dyer's woad USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 Moderate No SMUD broadleaved 2004, USFS pepperweed, List A Priority 1 High No Lepidium latifolium 2008, USFS tall whitetop 2010 SMUD Dalmation 2004, USFS Linaria genistifolia List A1 Priority 1 Moderate No ssp. dalmatica toadflax 2008, USFS 2010 yellow USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 Moderate No Linaria vulgaris toadflax SMUD purple 2004, USFS List A Priority 1 High SMUD 2004 Lythrum salicaria loosestrife 2008, USFS 2010 USFS 2008, Onopordum Scotch thistle List B Priority 1 High No acanthium USFS 2010 Phragmites common reed USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 Native No australis scarlet USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 High No Sesbania punicea wisteria SMUD Spanish 2004, USFS Priority 1, List A High No Spartium junceum broom 2008, USFS Priority 2 2010 salt cedar, SMUD Tamarix chinensis five-stamen 2004, USFS List A Priority 1 Not listed No tamarisk 2008 tamarisk, salt Tamarix USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 High No ramosissima cedar Ulex europaeus gorse USFS 2010 -- Priority 1 High No Low Priority jointed USFS 2008, List B1 Priority 2 Not listed No Aegilops cylindrica goatgrass USFS 2010

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Eldorado Previously Eldorado National Forest Cal-IPC Documented Common Scoping National Forest Scientific Name Proposed 2006 in Upper Name Source Status 4 1, 2 Listing Status American (USFS 2008c) 3 (USFS 2010) River Project SMUD barbed 2004, USFS List B Priority 2 High SMUD 2004 Aegilops triuncialis goatgrass 2008, USFS 2010 Chinese tree USFS 2008, List A Priority 2 Moderate No Ailanthus altissima of heaven USFS 2010 Brachypodium false brome USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No distachyon Brassica nigra black mustard USFS 2010 -- Priority 3 Moderate No SMUD ripgut grass, 2004, USFS SMUD 2004, List B Priority 4 Moderate Bromus diandrus ripgut brome 2008, USFS SMUD 2007 2010 SMUD Bromus tectorum cheat grass 2004, USFS List B Priority 2 High SMUD 2004 2010 Bromus madritensis red brome USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 High No ssp. rubens USFS 2008, Centaurea tocalote List B Priority 2 Moderate No melitensis USFS 2010 Jerusalem-oak USFS 2008, Chenopodium List B Priority 2 Not listed No botrys goosefoot USFS 2010 SMUD skeleton 2004, USFS SMUD 2004, weed, rush List A Priority 2 Moderate Chondrilla juncea 2008, USFS SMUD 2007 skeleton weed 2010 USFS 2008, bull thistle List B Priority 3 Moderate No Cirsium vulgare USFS 2010 poison USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No Conium maculatum hemlock Cynodon dactylon bermudagrass USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No Cynoglossum houndstongue USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No officinale hedgehog Cynosurus USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No echinatus dogtailgrass common USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No Dipsacus fullonum teasel Dittrichia Stinkwort USFS 2010 -- Priority 2 Moderate No graveolens USFS 2008, Festuca tall fescue List B Priority 4 Moderate No arundinacea USFS 2010 SMUD 2004, USFS fennel List B Priority 2 High No Foeniculum vulgare 2008, USFS 2010 cutleaf Geranium USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No dissectum geranium English ivy, USFS 2010 -- Priority 2 High No Hedera helix Algerian ivy

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Eldorado Previously Eldorado National Forest Cal-IPC Documented Common Scoping National Forest Scientific Name Proposed 2006 in Upper Name Source Status 4 1, 2 Listing Status American (USFS 2008c) 3 (USFS 2010) River Project mustard, USFS 2008, shortpod List B Priority 4 Moderate No Hirschfeldia incana USFS 2010 mustard common USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No Holcus lanatus velvet grass Mediterranean Hordeum marinum USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No ssp. gussoneanum barley USFS 2008, Hypericum Klamathweed List B Priority 3 Moderate No perforatum USFS 2010 Hypochaeris rough catsear USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No radicata perennial USFS 2008, List B Priority 3 Not listed No Lathyrus latifolius sweet pea USFS 2010 Leucanthemum ox-eye daisy USFS 2010 -- Priority 3 Moderate No vulgare Italian USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No Lolium multiflorum ryegrass Evaluated yellow USFS 2008, List B Priority 3 but not No Melilotus officinalis sweetclover USFS 2010 listed Nicotiana glauca tree tobacco USFS 2010 -- Priority 2 Moderate No Phalaris aquatica harding grass USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No Japanese Polygonum USFS 2010 -- Priority 2 Moderate No cuspidatum knotweed Sakhalin Polygonum USFS 2010 -- Priority 2 Moderate No sachalinense knotweed Himalayan USFS 2008, List B Priority 3 High No Rubus discolor blackberry USFS 2010 Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No Russian USFS 2008, thistle, List B Priority 3 Limited No Salsola tragus USFS 2010 tumbleweed USFS 2008, milk thistle List B -- Limited No Silybum marianum USFS 2010 SMUD 2004, USFS Taeniatherum medusahead List B Priority 2 High SMUD 2004 caput-medusae 2008, USFS 2010 Torilis arvensis hedgeparsley USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No Trifolium hirtum rose clover USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No woolly USFS 2008, List B Priority 3 Limited No Verbascum thapsus mullein USFS 2010 Vinca major big periwinkle USFS 2010 -- Priority 3 Moderate No Vulpia myuros rattail fescue USFS 2010 -- Priority 4 Moderate No 1 Suspected to be there now or in the future (USFS 2008c). 2 From USFS 2008c: List A = Highly invasive weed species known to occur on the Eldorado National Forest or suspected to be there now or in the near future. List B = Other exotic or noxious weeds that may occur on the Eldorado National Forest that currently are not believed to be as aggressive as those on List A.

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3 From USFS 2010: For those listed as both Priority 1 and Priority 2, small isolated populations will be targeted for eradication and large robust populations will be targeted for control, containment, or reduction. 4 From Cal-IPC 2006: High = Species has severe ecological impacts, high rates of dispersal and establishment, and is widely distributed across habitats. Moderate = Species has substantial and apparent (but not severe) ecological impacts, moderate to high rates of dispersal, establishment is dependent on disturbance, and has a limited to widespread distribution across habitats. Limited = Species in invasive but with minor ecological impacts, low to moderate rates of invasiveness, and has a limited distribution across habitats (although may be locally persistent and/or problematic). Evaluated but not listed = Either lack of sufficient information to establish rating or does not currently have significant impacts.

2.1.2 Pre-field Review

A pre-field review was conducted in the spring of 2010 and spring of 2011 in order to: 1. Map known locations of targeted special-status plant species. 2. Review life history stages and habitat information for target lists of both special-status and invasive weed species. 3. Determine the locations of potential suitable habitat for special-status species within each survey area. 4. Prepare and plan for field surveys.

Information on known occurrences of special status plant species (Table 3) was compiled and plotted on a Geographic Information System (GIS) map. Fifteen special-status vascular species and one special-status nonvascular species had been previously documented in the vicinity of the Project (Table 3). These known occurrences, combined with information about species’ life histories and habitat requirements were used to determine (1) the potential locations of suitable habitat for special-status species occurring within each survey area, and (2) the appropriate timing of surveys.

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Table 3. Previously documented occurrences of special-status plant species in the vicinity of the Project. Status1 Common Scientific Name Federal/State/ Population Location Scoping Source Name CNPS/USFS Vascular Plant Species One occurrence over 10 mi SMUD 2004a (16 km) from Project area on (Outside of 9- Allium jepsonii Jepson’s onion --/--/1B.2/-- a serpentine outcrop in the quad scoping Greenstone Country range for Project subdivision2 area) Within 3–4 mi (4–7km): T11N R12E Sec 16 on Poho Ridge, T11N R12E Sec 17 on Nissenan CNDDB, CNPS, --/--/1B.2/S the ridge between Slab and Arctostaphylos nissenana manzanita USFS Brush Creeks, T11N R12E Sec 7 SE 1/43; within 5–6 mi (8–10 km): more occurrences3 One occurrence along the USFS, SMUD Sierra bolandra --/--/4.3/W access road to White Rock Bolandra californica 2004a Powerhouse2 Four occurrences in the chaparral and Quercus var. Pleasant Valley forest near CNDDB, CNPS, Calochortus clavatus --/--/1B.2/S chrysolepis avius mariposa lily Junction and Camino USFS reservoirs2; occurrences within 5–6 mi (8–10 km)3 One occurrence along Pine Hill Endangered/ transmission line corridor USFWS Ceanothus roderickii ceanothus Rare/1B.2/-- near Pine Hill2, 4 Transmission line corridor near Independence point2; within 3–4 mi (4–7 km): T11N R12E Sec 21 SE 1/4 – CNDDB, CNPS, Red Hills transmission line corridor, --/--/1B.2/W USFS, SMUD Chlorogalum grandiflorum soaproot T11N R12E Sec 27 – 2004a transmission line corridor, T11N R12E Sec 33 – private3; within 5–6 mi (8–10 km): more occurrences3 Four occurrences along Pine Hill Endangered/ Fremontodendron transmission line corridor USFWS flannelbush Rare/1B.2/-- decumbens near Pine Hill2, 4 Within 3–4 mi (4–7 km): T11N R12E Sec 18 NE 1/4, Horkelia parryi Parry's horkelia --/--/1B.2/S T11 R12E Sec 7 SE 1/43; CNDDB, CNPS within 5–6 mi (8–10 km): more occurrences3

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Status1 Common Scientific Name Federal/State/ Population Location Scoping Source Name CNPS/USFS Within 3–4 mi (4–7 km): T11N R12E Sec 28 NE 1/4 – transmission line corridor, & ssp. yellow-bur SE 1/4, T11N R12E Sec 27 – USFS, SMUD Navarretia prolifera --/--/4.3/S lutea navarretia west, T11N R12E Sec 33 – 2007 NE 1/4 & south on private3; within 5–6 mi (8–10 km): more occurrences3 Two occurrences along CNDDB, CNPS, Threatened/ Packera layneae Layne's ragwort transmission line corridor USFWS, USFS, Rare/1B.2/S (Senecio layneae) near Pine Hill2, 4 SMUD 2004a Many occurrences at three CNDDB, CNPS, Stebbin’s locations within chaparral and --/--/1B.2/S USFS, SMUD Phacelia stebbinsii Phacelia rocky outcrops near Camino 2004a and Junction reservoirs2 --/--/ One occurrence within a mariposa Considered rocky outcrop near Camino SMUD 2004 Phacelia vallicola phacelia but rejected/-- Reservoir2 Transmission line corridor --/--/ southeast of Slab Creek USFS, SMUD Considered Pacific yew Reservoir2; additional 2007, SMUD Taxus brevifolia but occurrences within 5–6 mi 2004a rejected/W (8–10 km)3 Many occurrences including within campgrounds at Union Valley and Gerle Creek Viola tomentosa wooly violet --/--/4.2/-- reservoirs and the SMUD 2004a transmission line corridor west and southwest of Loon Lake2 Two occurrences along the El Dorado --/--/1B.2/-- transmission line corridor SMUD 2004a Wyethia reticulata mule-ears near Pine Hill2 Nonvascular Plant Species Within El Dorado National Forest: Cosumnes River veined-water drainage, tributary to Soldier Peltigera hydrothyria --/--/--/S USFS (Hydrotheria venosa) lichen Creek (in South Fork American River drainage), and Upper Echo Lake area3 1 Federal refers to the Federal Endangered Species Act; State refers to the California Endangered Species Act; CNPS refers to the California Native Plant Society listing 1B = Rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere; 2 = Rare, threatened, or endangered in CA but common elsewhere; 3 = We need more information about this plant [Review List]; 4 = Limited Distribution [Watch List]; and, 0.1 = Seriously endangered in CA, 0.2 = Fairly endangered in CA, and 0.3 = Not very endangered in CA); USFS refers to U.S. Forest Service (S = U.S. Forest Service Sensitive, W = Watchlist). 2 SMUD 2004a. 3 Durham, pers. comm., 2010 4 SMUD 2005.

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The timing of life history stages for each targeted special-status species (i.e., all those listed in Table 1 as potentially occurring) was identified so that surveys coincided with the phenological stage (e.g., flowering or fruiting) during which the species was most easily identified in the field. To acquire a search image for each special-status and invasive plant species and to familiarize the surveyors with the natural variation and key characteristics of each species, information was obtained through (1) a review of CNPS (2010, 2011) data; (2) a review of photographs on CalPhotos (2010, 2011); (3) consultation with the Eldorado National Forest botanist (Durham, pers. comm., 2010, 2011); and (4) a review of key characteristics using the Jepson Manual (Hickman 1993) and online updated treatments from the Jepson Manual, Second Edition (Regents of the University of California 2009).

2.1.3 Field Surveys

2.1.3.1 Special-Status Plant, Lichen, and Fungi

The New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area was inspected for special-status plant species once in the spring and once in the summer of 2010 (Figure 1a). The Recreation Parking survey area was inspected for special-status plant species once in the spring and once in the summer of 2011 (Figure 1b). All surveys were consistent with generally accepted methods for conducting floristic surveys in California and followed the special-status plant species survey techniques used by federal and state agencies that manage public lands within the vicinity of the Project (CDFG 2009).

Surveys for special-status plant species were conducted by a two-person team, consisting of a lead and assistant botanist. Teams were led by individuals with: (1) experience conducting floristic surveys; (2) knowledge of plant taxonomy and plant community ecology and classification; (3) familiarity with the plant species of the area; (4) familiarity with appropriate state and federal statutes related to plants and plant collecting; and, (5) experience with analyzing effects of a project on native plant communities. For nonvascular plant species, only one lichen species had the potential to occur so potential habitat for that species was thoroughly surveyed; a comprehensive nonvascular survey was not conducted.

Survey protocols followed the Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special-Status Native Plant Populations and Natural Communities (CDFG 2009). Specifically, surveys were comprehensive for vascular plants such that “every plant taxon that occurs on site is identified to the taxonomic level necessary to determine rarity and listing status” (CDFG 2009). Field surveys were floristic in nature and identified vascular plants to species, subspecies, or variety, as necessary to verify the special-status taxon, using taxonomic keys for the region (i.e., Hickman 1993, Weeden 1999). If identification was not possible in the field, the plants were collected for identification in the laboratory (using the “1 in 20” rule, Wagner 1991). Two complete surveys were conducted to locate all potentially occurring special-status plant species during the appropriate phenological periods and to prepare an accurate inventory of each survey area. In the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area, early-blooming species were surveyed for during “Survey 1,” on May 10, 2010; late-blooming species were surveyed for during “Survey 2,” on July 8–9, 2010. In addition, on June 24, 2010, a follow-up survey was conducted for Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae (Brandegee’s clarkia). In the Recreation Parking survey area,

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early-blooming species were surveyed for during “Survey 1,” on 31 May 2011; late-blooming species were surveyed for during “Survey 2,” on 12 July 2011.

Any identified special-status species were documented on CNDDB forms and submitted to CNDDB, with their location and population boundaries recorded in the field using a global positioning system (GPS) or mapping onto an orthophoto field basemap. Information on the forms included the following: • numbers of individuals, • phenology, • habitat description (e.g., plant communities, dominant species, associated species, substrates/soils, aspects/slopes), • relative condition of the population (i.e., a qualitative assessment of site quality based upon evident threats [excellent, good, fair, or poor]), and • recognizable risk factors.

In addition, photographs were taken to document diagnostic floral characteristics, growth forms, and habitat characteristics of special-status species. Any special-status species data were then uploaded into a GIS layer of point locations and, upon completion of the Project, will be provided to the Eldorado National Forest office.

2.1.3.2 Invasive Weeds

The field surveys for targeted invasive plant species were conducted concurrent with the survey for special-status plant species (for details on surveyors experience and technique, see Section 2.1.3.1). Each survey area was divided into discreet geographic sections (i.e., Sections 1 – 4) and identified invasive plant species were recorded at two levels of survey effort within these sections, depending on the high- or low-priority listing status of the species (Section 2.1.1.2).

High-priority invasive weed species that were observed in each survey area were mapped in the field using a GPS or an orthophoto field basemap and documented on sighting forms. Information on the forms included the following: • gross area of infestation (i.e., overall patch size), • percent cover, • weighted area of infestation (i.e., gross area multiplied by percent cover), and • estimated number of individuals using the following abundance categories: o sparse (1–10 plants observed) o patchy (11–50 plants observed) o widespread (50–100 plants observed) o infested (100+ plants observed)

High-priority weed data were then uploaded into a GIS layer of point and/or polygon locations and, upon completion of the Project, will be provided to the Eldorado National Forest office.

Low-priority invasive weed species that were observed in each survey area were documented on sighting forms and assigned a general abundance estimate using the abundance categories described for high-priority weed species; however, these species’ occurrences were not mapped.

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2.1.3.3 Vegetation Communities

The vegetation community mapping was conducted concurrent with “Survey 2” for special- status plant species. The entire accessible portion of each survey area was traversed on foot by a lead and assistant botanist. Sample sites were surveyed using the CNPS rapid assessment protocol (CNPS Vegetation Committee 2004). At each sample site, the occurrence and percent cover of dominant and characteristic plant species in three height strata —low (<1.6 ft [0.5 m]), medium (1.3–16 ft [0.4–5 m]), and high (>16 ft [5 m])—were recorded. Per the CNPS rapid assessment protocol, additional information on site history and physical conditions, as well as sample site location (using a GPS), were also recorded. Each sample site was assigned a preliminary vegetation alliance determination, based on a cursory review of the species occurrence and percent cover data in the field, which was ultimately finalized in the office. The boundaries of each preliminary vegetation alliance were delineated on the field base map (because this was a localized effort, a minimum map unit standard was not used). A quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) check for completeness and errors was performed on all field data, including data forms and mapping unit boundaries before leaving the field.

The completed CNPS rapid assessment data forms were entered into a Microsoft® Access database shortly after returning from the field to store, organize, and analyze the vegetation sampling data. All entered data were checked for errors and corrected as necessary. The database was queried to derive the full list of preliminary vegetation alliances mapped in the field and the vegetation composition data associated with each alliance. Using the vegetation composition data, each preliminary vegetation alliance was keyed using the second edition of A Manual of California Vegetation (Sawyer et al. 2009) to determine final vegetation alliances. The database was then updated with these final vegetation alliance names and digitized into a GIS shapefile.

2.2 Wildlife Resources

2.2.1 Establishing the List of Species with Potential to Occur in the Project area

The list of terrestrial wildlife species with the potential to occur in the Project area was developed through querying the following resources: • The USFWS list of federally listed and proposed endangered and threatened species (USFWS 2010), • CDFG’s CNDDB (CDFG 2010), • California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System (version 8.2) through Biogeographic Information and Observation System (BIOS) (CDFG 2008), • CDFG Special Animals List (CDFG 2009), and • USFS’s most current list of animals considered by the Eldorado National Forest as sensitive (USFS 2009).

The USFWS and CNDDB database queries were each based on a search of the USGS 7.5’ quadrangle in which the Project is located (Slate Mountain), and its surrounding eight quadrangles (Camino, Devil Peak, Garden Valley, Georgetown, Placerville, Pollock Pines, Sly Park, and Tunnel Hill). An El Dorado county-wide query was conducted of the USFWS

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database and the USFS queries were for the entire Eldorado National Forest. Appendix B lists all special-status wildlife species identified from the sources described above.

2.2.2 Pre-field Review

Prior to field surveys, a literature review for information regarding occurrence and habitat association for each species was conducted and CNDDB (CDFG 2010) records of known occurrences of special-status wildlife were plotted on a GIS map. Results were compared to information contained in the following UARP-specific documents: 1. the FEIS for Hydropower License of the UARP (FERC and USFS 2008); 2. Preliminary Draft Environmental Assessment (PDEA) for the UARP License Application (SMUD 2005); 3. pertinent technical resource reports associated with the UARP License Application including: • Bald Eagle (SMUD 2004b) • Bats (SMUD 2004c) • Bird-Powerline Associations (SMUD 2004d) • Black Bear (SMUD 2004e) • California Spotted Owl (SMUD 2004f) • Mesocarnivore (SMUD 2004g) • Mule Deer (SMUD 2004h) • Northern Goshawk (SMUD 2004i) • Valley Elderberry Beetle (SMUD 2004j) • Waterfowl Nesting Habitat (SMUD 2004k) • Willow Flycatcher (SMUD 2004l);

2.2.3 Field Surveys

Field surveys were conducted on June 14 and 15, 2010, and consisted of: (1) a habitat assessment for special-status wildlife; and (2) bird surveys. Bird surveys included one late evening survey during sunset and one early morning survey following sunrise. Biologists walked the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area (Figure 1), identifying birds by sound and visually, when possible. The habitat assessment included a qualitative evaluation of terrestrial and aquatic habitats for special-status species. Habitats present in the Project area were compared to species- specific preferences identified during scoping to determine likelihood of occurrence for each species. In addition, biologists entered White House Adit 3 to assess the habitat potential for bats and inspect for signs of bat use.

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3 RESULTS

3.1 Botanical Resources

3.1.1 Special-Status Plants, Lichen, and Fungi

Three special-status vascular plant species, Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae (Brandegee’s clarkia), Clarkia virgata (Sierra clarkia), and Torreya californica (California nutmeg) were found, and no suitable habitat for, nor populations of, the target nonvascular plant species, Peltigera hydrothyria (veined-water lichen) were found in either the New Slab Creek Powerhouse or Recreation Parking survey areas. None of the special-status vascular plant species observed is federally or state listed; however, Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae is on the CNPS List 1B.2, and Clarkia virgata is on the CRPR List 4.3, and Torreya californica is on the USFS Watchlist. Figure 2a illustrates the single location at which Torreya californica was found and the 14 locations at which Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae was found in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area. Figure 2b illustrates the single location at which Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae was found within the immediate Recreation Parking survey area, and the two locations at which both Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae and Clarkia virgata were found just east of the Recreation Parking survey area (within the existing parking area). Table 4 summarizes the special-status vascular plant population occurrences in both survey areas. Comprehensive lists of plant species observed within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area and Recreation Parking survey area are provided in Appendix C-1 and Appendix C-2, respectively.

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Figure 2a. Special-status plant population locations documented during 2010 botanical survey in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area. New Slab Creek Powerhouse Terrestrial Resource Evaluation September 2011 Page 3-2 Sacramento Municipal Utility District Upper American River Project FERC Project No. 2101

Figure 2b. Special-status plant populations located during 2011 botanical survey in the Recreation Parking survey area.

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Table 4. Summary of special-status vascular plant population occurrences in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse and Recreation Parking survey areas. Status1 Approximate Population Coordinates Scientific Name Common Name Federal/State/ Population Number UTM NAD 83 CNPS/USFS Size ssp. 38.77197619 CLBI_12 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 500 brandegeeae -120.700172648 ssp. 38.77238153 CLBI_2 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 120–130 brandegeeae -120.698785505 ssp. 38.77245816 CLBI_3 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 220 brandegeeae -120.699357787 ssp. 38.77128561 CLBI_4 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 1,500 brandegeeae -120.701580861 ssp. 38.77152798 CLBI_5 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 300 brandegeeae -120.702587304 ssp. 38.77120756 CLBI_6 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 100–125 brandegeeae -120.703393489 ssp. 38.77268356 CLBI_72 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 250 brandegeeae -120.7024322 ssp. 38.77224774 CLBI_8 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 1500 brandegeeae -120.702957053 ssp. 38.77240609 CLBI_9 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 1 brandegeeae -120.698532274 ssp. 38.77264148 CLBI_10 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 30–50 brandegeeae -120.697911998 ssp. 38.77245467 CLBI_11 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 30–50 brandegeeae -120.698650254 ssp. 38.77040705 CLBI_12 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 8–10 brandegeeae -120.701730404 ssp. 38.77167476 CLBI_13 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 10–15 brandegeeae -120.702178986 ssp. 38.77134316 CLBI_14 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 3 brandegeeae -120.703214462 38.77132135 TOCA_1 California nutmeg --/--/--/W 1 Torreya californica -120.703100596 38.769684 SS1_south Sierra clarkia --/--/4.3/-- 5–10 Clarkia virgata -120.698802 38.769793 SS1_north Sierra clarkia --/--/4.3/-- 10–15 Clarkia virgata -120.698785 ssp. 38.769684 SS2_south Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 60–70 brandegeeae -120.698802 ssp. 38.769793 SS2_north Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 20–25 brandegeeae -120.698785 ssp. 38.770481 SS3 Clarkia biloba Brandegee's clarkia --/--/1B.2/-- 4 brandegeeae -120.701002 1 Federal refers to the Federal Endangered Species Act; State refers to the California Endangered Species Act; CNPS refers to the California Rare Plant Rank listing (1B = Rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere; 2 = Rare, threatened, or endangered in CA but common elsewhere; 3 = We need more information about this plant [Review List]; 4 = Limited Distribution [Watch List]; and, 0.1 = Seriously endangered in CA, 0.2 = Fairly endangered in CA, and 0.3 = Not very endangered in CA); USFS refers to U.S. Forest Service (S = U.S. Forest Service Sensitive, W = Watchlist). 2 Voucher specimens of this population were collected and will be submitted to the California State University, Chico Herbarium.

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The following sections contain brief summaries of each species’ life history and habitat associations, along with information on their locations within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse and Recreation Parking survey areas and any field observations of disturbance to the populations. Photographs of each population can be found in Appendices D-1 and D-2.

3.1.1.1 Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae

Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae (Brandegee’s clarkia) is an annual in the Onagraceae (evening primrose) family that is classified as a CNPS List 1B.2 (i.e., rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere; fairly endangered in California). It is limited to the northern Sierra Nevada foothills, specifically Butte, El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sierra, and Yuba counties, from 239–3002 ft (73–915 m; CNPS 2010). Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae typically occurs in foothill woodlands (Hickman 1993), chaparral, roadcuts of lower montane coniferous forest, and cismontane woodlands (CNPS 2010). The closely related and common Clarkia biloba ssp. biloba (twolobe clarkia) is very similar to the rare Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae; the species differ in the length of the petal lobe compared to the length of the petal (i.e., the common species has a deeper petal lobe, with the lobe between one-fifth and one-half the petal length; the rare species has a shallower petal lobe, with the lobe less than one-fifth the petal length). Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae blooms from May to July.

Fourteen populations of Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae were found in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area during 2010 botanical surveys (Population CLBI_1 through CLBI_14; Table 4, Figure 2a, Appendix D-1) ranging from a population size of just one individual (Population CLBI_9) to approximately 1,500 individuals (Population CLBI_4 and CLBI_8). To confirm species identification, surveying botanists measured the length of the petal and petal lobe in a sample of observed individuals in populations CLBI_1 and CLBI_8 and calculated the petal lobe:petal length ratio. The average petal lobe length was approximately 0.132 in ± 0.057 (3.361 mm ± 1.443) and the average petal length was approximately 0.698 in ± 0.106 (17.722 mm ± 2.697), which yields an average petal lobe:petal length ratio of 0.186 (± 0.064; n = 18), or less than one-fifth (i.e., < 0.200). Voucher specimens were collected and pressed from Population CLBI_1 and CLBI_7; these vouchers will be submitted to the California State University (CSU), Chico Herbarium. Photographs of the species were taken and species identification was confirmed by the curator at the CSU Chico Herbarium (Janeway, pers. comm. 2010).

The populations in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area occur in similar habitats mostly on roadcuts; aspect varies from north-northwest facing slopes to southeast; the associated rocky slopes are generally fairly steep (i.e., >60% slope). Common plant associates include an overstory of Aesculus californica (California buckeye) and Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine); Keckiella breviflora var. breviflora (bush beardtongue), Lupinus albifrons (silver lupine), Philadelphus lewisii (Lewis’ mock orange), Rubus discolor (Himalayan blackberry), and Toxicodendron diversilobum (western poison oak) in the shrub layer; and, within the herbaceous understory, Avena barbata (slender oat), Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans (harvest brodiaea), Bromus diandrus (ripgut brome), Collinsia tinctoria (sticky Chinese houses), Cynosurus echinatus (bristly dogstail grass), Elytrigia intermedia ssp. intermedia (intermediate wheatgrass), Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides (common woolly sunflower), Galium parisiense (wall

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bedstraw), Heuchera micrantha (crevice alumroot), Madia elegans (common madia), Mimulus guttatus (seep monkeyflower), Phacelia heterophylla (varileaf phacelia), Torilis arvensis (spreading hedgeparsley), Trifolium hirtum (rose clover), Trifolium willdenovii (tomcat clover), Vicia hirsuta (tiny vetch), and Vulpia myuros (rat-tail fescue). Site quality (see Section 2.1.3.1 for definition) is good for most populations, although several populations have a site quality of fair and one population exhibits poor site quality (CLBI_14). Population CLBI_14 is in the middle of a recreation trail leading to the SFAR (river left), overlapping the path leading to the White Rock Adit 3; this population is severely threatened by trampling and, potentially, the future Project construction. Population CLBI_6 is also potentially threatened by the future Project construction as it is located on the rocky outcrop adjacent to White Rock Adit 3. The remaining Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae populations may be threatened by future Project construction, depending upon the final design; in addition they are at risk of impact by road maintenance and trampling.

Two populations of Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae were found during 2011 botanical surveys in the Recreation Parking survey area (Populations SS2 and SS3; Table 4, Figure 2b, Appendix D-2) ranging from a population size of just four individuals (Population SS3) to approximately 80–95 individuals (Population SS2). Due to the small population sizes, voucher specimens were not collected; however, photographs of the plants were taken.

The populations in the Recreation Parking survey area occur on roadcuts with south or west facing rocky slopes that are fairly steep (i.e., >60% slope). There are very few trees or shrubs within the overstory, although there was slight shading from Aesculus californica (California buckeye) and Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak). Within the herbaceous understory, common plant associates included Allophyllum divaricatum (purple false gilyflower), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Bromus diandrus (ripgut brome), Clarkia rhomboidea (diamond clarkia), Clarkia virgata, Cynosurus echinatus (bristly dogstail grass), Erigeron canadensis (horseweed), Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides (common woolly sunflower), Gilia capitata (bluehead gilia), Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce), Madia sp. (madia), Torilis arvensis (spreading hedgeparsley), and Vulpia myuros (rat-tail fescue). Site quality ranged from poor to fair for both populations. Only population SS3 occurs within the Recreation Parking survey area; population SS2 is located adjacent to the survey area in the existing dispersed parking area. Population SS3 is threatened by road maintenance, invasion by weeds, and may be threatened by future Project construction; however, with adequate protection measures, impacts may be avoided. Population SS2 is also threatened by road maintenance and weeds, as well as the existing dispersed recreation parking.

3.1.1.2 Clarkia virgata

Clarkia virgata is an annual in the Onagraceae (evening primrose) family that is classified as a CRPR List 4.3 (i.e., uncommon in California; not very endangered in California). It is limited to the central Sierra Nevada foothills, specifically Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa, Plumas, and Tuolumne counties, from 1,312–5,299 ft (400–1,615 m; CNPS 2011). Clarkia virgata typically occurs in yellow-pine forest and foothill woodlands (Hickman 1993), and lower montane coniferous forest and cismontane woodlands (CNPS 2011). The closely related and common Clarkia australis (Small’s southern clarkia) is very similar to the rare Clarkia virgata;

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however, the species differ in leaf shape (i.e., the common species has lance-linear leaves; the rare species has leaves that are elliptic to ovate). Clarkia virgata blooms from May to August.

One population of Clarkia virgata was found in the Recreation Parking survey area during 2011 botanical surveys (Population SS1; Table 4, Figure 2b, Appendix D-2). This population consisted of 5–10 individuals on the south side of the road and 10–15 individuals on the north side of the road. Due to the small population sizes, voucher specimens were not collected; however, photographs of the plants were taken.

The population occurs on the south-southwest facing exposed banks of the roadcut; the associated rocky slopes are generally fairly steep (i.e., >60% slope). There are very few trees or shrubs within the overstory, although there was slight shading from Aesculus californica and Quercus chrysolepis. Within the herbaceous understory, common plant associates included Avena sp. (oats), Bromus diandrus, Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae, Clarkia purpurea ssp. viminea (winecup clarkia), Clarkia rhomboidea, Cynosurus echinatus, Erigeron canadensis, Gilia capitata, Lactuca serriola, Madia sp., Torilis arvensis, and Trifolium hirtum (rose clover). Site quality ranged from poor to fair on either side of the road. Although population SS2 was documented adjacent to the Recreation Parking survey area, it is within the existing parking area and is threatened by road maintenance, weeds, and the existing dispersed recreation parking.

3.1.1.3 Torreya californica

Torreya californica (California nutmeg) is an evergreen tree (or shrub on serpentenite substrates) in the Taxaceae (yew) family that is classified as a USFS Watchlist species. Although somewhat widely distributed across California from 100–3,000 ft (30–915 m) (i.e., including the Cascade Range foothills, north coast and North Coast ranges, San Francisco Bay Area, outer South Coast Ranges, and Sierra Nevada; Hickman 1993), this California endemic is not abundant and is only occasional within Eldorado National Forest. Torreya californica typically occurs in shady forest or woodland canyons, sometimes chaparral or streamside locations (Hickman 1993, USFS 2008b). Torreya californica blooms from April to May.

One population of Torreya californica was found in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area during 2010 botanical surveys (Population TOCA_1; Table 4, Figure 2a, Appendix D-1). This population consisted of a single sapling that was less than eight feet (2.4 m) tall. The sapling was found at the hill toe-slope near the confluence of Iowa Canyon Creek and the SFAR, adjacent to the narrow road. The sapling is within the understory of Umbellularia californica (California laurel); additional plant associates include Cynosurus echinatus, Keckiella breviflora var. breviflora, Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans (pink honeysuckle), Torilis arvensis, and Toxicodendron diversilobum. Site quality is fair due to potential road maintenance and the future Project construction.

3.1.2 Invasive Weeds

A total of two high-priority and eighteen low-priority targeted, invasive plant species were observed in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area, for a total of twenty species. These populations are summarized in Table 5a and 6a. A total of one high-priority and fourteen low-

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priority targeted, invasive plant species were observed in the Recreation Parking survey area, for a total of fifteen species. These populations are summarized in Table 5b and 6b. Figures 3a and 3b illustrate the high-priority invasive plants documented in the new powerhouse and Recreation Parking survey areas (i.e., Centaurea solstitialis [yellow star-thistle] and Cytisus scoparius [Scotch broom]). Of all the targeted, low-priority species that were located in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area, seven were present in all sections. These species include Bromus diandrus, Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), Cynosurus echinatus, Hypericum perforatum (common St. Johnswort), Torilis arvensis, Trifolium hirtum, and Vulpia myuros. Several documented low-priority species were only noted sporadically within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area, including Aegilops triuncialis (barbed goatgrass), Brachypodium distachyon (purple false brome), Holcus lanatus (common velvetgrass), and Lathyrus latifolius (perennial pea). Of all the targeted, low-priority species that were located in the Recreation Parking survey area, seven were infested throughout the site. These species include Brassica nigra, Bromus diandrus, Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), Cynosurus echinatus, Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Torilis arvensis, and Vulpia myuros. Tables 6a and 6b summarize the frequency and abundance of encountered low-priority species. The following sections include species’ summaries and locality information for the two high-priority species encountered.

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Table 4a. Summary of high-priority targeted, invasive plant species documented in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area. Patch Size Patch Size Population 1 Percent Scientific Name Common Name Abundance (Gross Area) (Infested Area) Number Cover 2 2 2 2 ft (m ) ft (m ) 300 ft2 27 ft2 W_1 Scotch broom Patchy 30% Cytisus scoparius (27.9 m2) (2.5 m2) 1,500 ft2 135 ft2 W_2 Scotch broom Patchy 30% Cytisus scoparius (139.4 m2) (12.5 m2) 1 ft2 0.3 ft2 W_3 yellow star-thistle Sparse 50% Centaurea solstitialis (0.1 m2) (<0.1 m2) 1 ft2 0.3 ft2 W_4 yellow star-thistle Sparse 50% Centaurea solstitialis (0.1 m2) (<0.1 m2) 25 ft2 1 ft2 W_5 yellow star-thistle Sparse 20% Centaurea solstitialis (2.3 m2) (0.1 m2) 5,000 ft2 12.5 ft2 W_6 yellow star-thistle Widespread 5% Centaurea solstitialis (464.5 m2) (1.2 m2) 350 ft2 0.1 ft2 W_7 yellow star-thistle Patchy 2% Centaurea solstitialis (32.5 m2) (<0.1 m2) 25 ft2 0 ft2 W_8 yellow star-thistle Sparse 2% Centaurea solstitialis (2.3 m2) (<0.1 m2) 2250 ft2 0.9 ft2 W_9 yellow star-thistle Infested 2% Centaurea solstitialis (209 m2) (0.1 m2) 6750 ft2 2.7 ft2 W_10 yellow star-thistle Infested 2% Centaurea solstitialis (627.1 m2) (0.3 m2) 6 ft2 3.4 ft2 W_11 Scotch broom Sparse 75% Cytisus scoparius (0.6 m2) (0.3 m2) 1 Sparse = 1–10 plants observed; Patchy = 11–50 plants observed; Widespread = 50–100 plants observed; Infested = 100+ plants observed.

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Table 5b. Summary of high-priority targeted, invasive plant species documented in the Recreation Parking survey area. Patch Size Patch Size Population 1 Percent Scientific Name Common Name Abundance (Gross Area) (Infested Area) Number Cover 2 2 2 2 ft (m ) ft (m ) 56 ft2 14 ft2 W_1 yellow star-thistle Infested 50% Centaurea solstitialis (5.2 m2) (1.3 m2) 3,685 ft2 82.9 ft2 W_2 yellow star-thistle Infested 15% Centaurea solstitialis (342.3 m2) (7.7 m2) 16 ft2 0.6 ft2 W_3 yellow star-thistle Sparse 20% Centaurea solstitialis (1.5 m2) (0.1 m2) 1,400 ft2 56 ft2 W_4 yellow star-thistle Infested 20% Centaurea solstitialis (130.1 m2) (5.2 m2) 14 ft2 <0.1 ft2 W_5 yellow star-thistle Patchy 5% Centaurea solstitialis (1.3 m2) (<0.01 m2) 1 ft2 0.3 ft2 W_6 yellow star-thistle Sparse 50% Centaurea solstitialis (0.1 m2) (<0.1 m2) 1 Sparse = 1–10 plants observed; Patchy = 11–50 plants observed; Widespread = 50–100 plants observed; Infested = 100+ plants observed.

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Figure 1a. Invasive weed population locations documented during 2010 botanical surveys in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area.

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Figure 2b. Invasive weed population locations documented during 2011 botanical surveys in the Recreation Parking survey area.

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Table 6a. Summary of low-priority targeted, invasive plant species documented in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area. 1 Sections Scientific Name Common Name Abundance Documented Aegilops triuncialis jointed goatgrass Patchy Section 2 Brachypodium distachyon false brome Sparse Section 4 Brassica nigra black mustard Widespread Section 3 Sections 1, 2, 3, ripgut grass, ripgut brome Infested Bromus diandrus and 4 Sections 1, 2, 3, cheat grass Infested Bromus tectorum and 4 Chenopodium botrys Jerusalem-oak goosefoot Widespread Sections 1 and 2 Sections 1, 3, and skeleton weed, rush skeleton weed Patchy Chondrilla juncea 4 Sections 1, 2, 3, hedgehog dogtailgrass Infested Cynosurus echinatus and 4 Geranium dissectum cutleaf geranium Widespread Section 2 Holcus lanatus common velvet grass Sparse Section 2 Sections 1, 2, 3, Klamathweed Infested Hypericum perforatum and 4 Lathyrus latifolius perennial sweet pea Sparse Section 3 Leucanthemum vulgare ox-eye daisy Widespread Sections 1 and 2 Sections 2, 3, and Italian ryegrass Widespread Lolium multiflorum 4 Rubus discolor Himalayan blackberry Widespread Section 3 Rubus discolor Himalayan blackberry Infested Section 4 Sections 1, 2, 3, hedgeparsley Infested Torilis arvensis and 4 Sections 1, 2, 3, rose clover Infested Trifolium hirtum and 4 Sections 1, 2, 3, rattail fescue Infested Vulpia myuros and 4 1 Sparse = 1–10 plants observed; Patchy = 11–50 plants observed; Widespread = 50–100 plants observed; Infested = 100+ plants observed.

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Table 6b. Summary of low-priority targeted, invasive plant species documented in the Recreation Parking survey area. Scientific Name Common Name Abundance1 Aegilops triuncialis jointed goatgrass Patchy Brassica nigra black mustard Infested Bromus diandrus ripgut grass, ripgut brome Infested Bromus tectorum cheat grass Infested Chenopodium botrys Jerusalem-oak goosefoot Patchy Chondrilla juncea skeleton weed, rush skeleton weed Widespread Cynosurus echinatus hedgehog dogtailgrass Infested Geranium dissectum cutleaf geranium Patchy Hypericum perforatum Klamathweed Patchy Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass Infested Rubus discolor Himalayan blackberry Sparse Torilis arvensis hedgeparsley Infested Verbascum thapsus woolly mullein Patchy Vulpia myuros rattail fescue Infested 1Sparse = 1–10 plants observed; Patchy = 11–50 plants observed; Widespread = 50–100 plants observed; Infested = 100+ plants observed.

3.1.2.1 Centaurea solstitialis

Centaurea solstitialis (yellow star-thistle) is a winter annual or biennial in the Asteraceae (sunflower) family. It is one of the most serious rangeland weeds and is rated high by Cal-IPC (i.e., species has severe ecological impacts, high rates of dispersal and establishment, and is widely distributed across habitats) and pest rating C by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) (i.e., widespread invasive weed with known economic or environmental detriment). Native to Southern Europe, it aggressively reproduces by seed. It is common below 4,270 ft (1,300 m) throughout the California Floristic Province and Mojave Desert (Hickman 1993) and can rapidly invade grassland, rangeland, open woodlands, fields, pastures, and open disturbed sites such as roadsides and waste places (DiTomaso and Healy 2007). It flowers from May through October (Hickman 1993).

During 2010 botanical surveys in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area, eight populations of Centaurea solstitialis were documented within the survey area (Population W_3 through W_10; Table 6a, Figure 3a). Populations varied in abundance from sparse to infested; half of the populations were under 25 ft2 (2.3 m2) with less than ten plants observed within the population (i.e., W_3, W_4, W_5, and W_8). However, three populations were over 2,200 ft2 (200 m2), two of which contained well over 100 individuals (i.e., W_9 and W_10). The total geographic extent of all eight populations was approximately 0.33 ac (0.13 ha), with a weighted area of infestation (see Section 2.1.3.2 for definition) of 18 ft2 (1.6 m2).

During 2011 botanical surveys in the Recreation Parking survey area, six populations of Centaurea solstitialis were documented within the survey area (Population W_1 through W_6; Table 6b, Figure 3b). Populations varied in abundance from sparse to infested; half of the populations were under 20 ft2 (1.9 m2) with less than ten (i.e., W_3, W_6) or 50 (i.e., W_5) plants observed within the population. One population (i.e., W_1) was over 100 plants and 56 ft2

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(5.2 m2). Finally, two populations were over 1,000 ft2 (92.9 m2), containing well over 100 individuals (i.e., W_2 and W_4). The total geographic extent of all six populations was approximately 5,172 ft2 (480.5 m2), with a weighted area of infestation of 154 ft2 (14.3 m2).

3.1.2.2 Cytisus scoparius

Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) is a shrub in the Fabaceae (legume) family and is rated as highly invasive by Cal-IPC (i.e., species has severe ecological impacts, high rates of dispersal and establishment, and is widely distributed across habitats) and class C by CDFA (i.e., widespread invasive weed with known economic or environmental detriment). Native to southern Europe and northern Africa, Cytisus scoparius was introduced as a landscape ornamental and planted in many areas for erosion control; it is found in sandy soils in mountainous regions and cool coastal areas with dry summers (DiTomaso and Healy 2007). In these areas it invades open disturbed sites such as logged or burned areas, roadsides, and pastures, as well as undisturbed grasslands, coastal scrub, oak woodlands, riparian corridors, and open forests. Cytisus scoparius is common below 3,280 ft (1,000 m) throughout northwestern California, the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada foothills, central valley, San Francisco Bay Area, and southern California coast (Hickman 1993). It aggressively reproduces by seed and is difficult to eliminate due to both long-lasting seed banks and its ability to re-sprout from crown fragments. Cytisus scoparius flowers from April through June (Munz and Keck 1973).

During 2010 botanical surveys in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area, three populations of Cytisus scoparius were documented within the survey area (Population W_1, W_2, and W_11; Table 6a, Figure 3a). Populations varied in abundance from sparse (1–10 plants) to patchy (11–50 plants). The total geographic extent of all three populations was approximately 0.04 ac (0.02 ha), with a weighted area of infestation of 165 ft2 (15.4 m2).

3.1.3 Vegetation Types

A total of eight vegetation sample sites were surveyed and the entire 16-ac (6.5-ha) New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area was mapped, either in the field or through photo-interpretation. The New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area includes 12.6 ac (5.1 ha) of upland and wetland vegetation. The remaining area is composed of either access roads/trails (2.8 ac [1.1 ha]) acres) or open water/river channel (0.8 ac [0.3 ha]). The entire 2.94-ac (1.19-ha) Recreation Parking survey area was mapped, either in the field or through photo-interpretation. The Recreation Parking survey area includes 2.66 ac (1.08 ha) of upland vegetation. The remaining area is composed of Slab Creek Road (0.28 ac [0.11 ha]). The vegetation map is presented in Figures 4a and 4b and summarized in Tables 7a and 7b; vegetation types are described in subsequent sections.

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Figure 4a. Vegetation community types mapped during 2010 botanical surveys in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area.

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Figure 4b. Vegetation community types mapped during 2011 botanical surveys in the Recreation Parking survey area.

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Table 7a. Summary of vegetation types documented in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area. Acres Vegetation Type (Hectares) Vegetated Area 0.98 Forest Alliance Alnus rhombifolia (0.40) 0.14 ( ) Herbaceous Alliance Mimulus guttatus (0.05) 5.24 Forest Alliance Pseudotsuga menziesii (2.12) 1.49 Forest Alliance Quercus kelloggii (0.60) 3.88 Woodland Alliance Quercus wislizeni (1.60) 0.58 Semi-Natural Shrubland Series Rubus armeniacus (0.23) 0.26 Shrubland Alliance Salix lasiolepis (0.10) Unvegetated Area 0.79 Open Water/River Channel (0.32) 2.78 Roads and Trails/Boater Put-in (1.13) 16.14 TOTAL (6.53)

Table 7b. Summary of vegetation types documented in the Recreation Parking survey area. Acres Vegetation Type (Hectares) Vegetated Area 0.64 Forest Alliance Pseudotsuga menziesii (0.26) 2.02 Forest Alliance Quercus kelloggii (0.82) Unvegetated Area 0.28 Slab Creek Road (0.11) 2.94 TOTAL (1.19)

3.1.3.1 Alnus rhombifolia Forest Alliance

This alliance typically has a low absolute cover of Alnus rhombifolia (white alder) but is a dominant or co-dominant in the tree canopy with Salix lasiolepis (arroyo willow). With only occasional emergent shrubs and vines such as Philadelphus lewisii, Rubus discolor, and Salix exigua (narrowleaf willow), the herbaceous cover is generally less than five percent. Characterized by vegetation sampling point V_7 (Figure 4a), common herbaceous species include Heuchera micrantha, Melilotus albus (white sweetclover), Torilis arvensis, Vicia

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hirsuta, and Vulpia myuros. This alliance most closely corresponds with A Manual of California Vegetation’s Alnus rhombifolia Forest Alliance (White alder groves; Sawyer et al. 2009).

The Alnus rhombifolia Forest Alliance is found along both sides of the SFAR within the wetland/riparian corridor; the total geographic extent within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area is 0.98 ac (0.40 ha) (Figure 4a, Table 7a).

3.1.3.2 Mimulus (guttatus) Herbaceous Alliance

This alliance typically has very low tree canopy cover, predominantly in the form of overhanging shade; Mimulus guttatus is characteristically present along with a variety of other herbaceous species. In the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area characterized by vegetation sampling point V_6 (Figure 4a), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir, 1–5%) and Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak, 5–15%) were overhanging the rocky seep area, with low shrub cover (<5% each) of Malus sylvestris (apple), Philadelphus lewisii, Rubus discolor, and Toxicodendron diversilobum. In addition to Mimulus guttatus, other native herbaceous species included Heuchera micrantha and Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeeae. Nonnative herbaceous species within this vegetation alliance are Avena barbata and Poa secunda ssp. secunda (one-sided bluegrass). This alliance most closely corresponds with A Manual of California Vegetation’s Mimulus (guttatus) Herbaceous Alliance (Common monkey flower seeps; Sawyer et al. 2009).

The Mimulus (guttatus) Herbaceous Alliance is found adjacent to White Rock Adit 3 and immediately south of the existing powerhouse within the rocky outcrops containing seeps; the total geographic extent within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area is 0.14 ac (0.05 ha) (Figure 4a, Table 7a).

3.1.3.3 Pseudotsuga menziesii Forest Alliance

This alliance typically has Pseudotsuga menziesii as a dominant or co-dominant within the tree layer; co-dominants include a variety of Quercus (oak) and Pinus (pine) species as well as Calocedrus decurrens (incense cedar). Characterized by vegetation sampling point V_3, Pseudotsuga menziesii co-occurs with Quercus kelloggii (California black oak) and Pinus ponderosa; Calocedrus decurrens and Quercus chrysolepis are also present. The shrub layer is diverse and includes a variety of native shrubs: Aesculus californica, Arctostaphylos viscida (sticky whiteleaf manzanita), Ceanothus integerrimus (deerbrush), Heteromeles arbutifolia (toyon), and Philadelphus lewisii. Dominant herbaceous species include Avena barbata, Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans, Madia elegans, and Trifolium hirtum. Although somewhat of a mixed hardwood alliance, due to the percent relative cover of Pseudotsuga menziesii, this alliance most closely corresponds with A Manual of California Vegetation’s Pseudotsuga menziesii Forest Alliance (Douglas fir forest; Sawyer et al. 2009).

The Pseudotsuga menziesii Forest Alliance is one of the dominant vegetation types found south of the SFAR on the northwest- and west-facing upland slopes of the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area; the total geographic extent within this survey area is 5.24 ac (2.12 ha) (Figure 4a, Table 7a). The Pseudotsuga menziesii Forest Alliance occurs on the west-facing

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slopes within the Recreation Parking survey area; the total geographic extent within this survey area is 0.64 ac (0.26 ha) (Figure 4b, Table 7b).

3.1.3.4 Quercus kelloggii Forest Alliance

This alliance typically has Quercus kelloggii as a dominant or co-dominant within the tree layer; co-dominants include a variety of Quercus and Pinus species. Characterized by vegetation sampling point V_4 (Figure 4a), Quercus kelloggii co-occurs with Pinus ponderosa, Quercus chrysolepis, and Quercus wislizeni (interior live oak); Aesculus californica is also present. The shrub layer includes Arctostaphylos viscida, Ceanothus integerrimus, Lupinus albifrons, Rhamnus rubra (Sierra coffeeberry), and Toxicodendron diversilobum. Dominant herbaceous species include Avena barbata, Lotus scoparius (common deerweed), Madia elegans, and Vicia hirsuta. This area is composed of mixed hardwoods; however, this alliance most closely corresponds with A Manual of California Vegetation’s Quercus kelloggii Forest Alliance (California black oak forest; Sawyer et al. 2009) because it allows for co-dominance with Pinus ponderosa and additional Quercus species. According to Sawyer et al. (2009), the corresponding association is Quercus kelloggii–Pinus ponderosa/Arctostaphylos viscida.

The Quercus kelloggii Forest Alliance is one of the dominant vegetation types found north of the SFAR on the south-facing slopes in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area; the total geographic extent within this survey area is 1.49 ac (0.60 ha) (Figure 4a, Table 7a). The Quercus kelloggii Forest Alliance is the dominant vegetation type found on the south-facing slopes in the Recreation Parking survey area; the total geographic extent within this survey area is 2.02 ac (0.82 ha) (Figure 4b, Table 7b).

3.1.3.5 Quercus wislizeni Woodland Alliance

This alliance typically has Quercus wislizeni as a dominant or co-dominant within the tree layer; however, if other tree species are co-dominant, they have less cover than Quercus wislizeni. Characterized by sampling points V_1 and V_2 (Figure 4a), Quercus wislizeni co-occurs with Aesculus californica, Quercus chrysolepis, and Umbellularia californica as associates in the tree layer. The shrub layer includes Arctostaphylos viscida, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Keckiella breviflora var. breviflora, Philadelphus lewisii, Quercus berberidifolia (scrub oak), and Toxicodendron diversilobum. Associated herbaceous species include a mix of native and nonnative species: Bromus diandrus, Bromus tectorum, Cerastium glomeratum (sticky chickweed), Clarkia heterandra (mountain clarkia), Dichelostemma volubile (twining snakelily), Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides, Heuchera micrantha, Hypericum perforatum, Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce), Mimulus guttatus, Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis (goldback fern), Torilis arvensis, Vicia hirsuta, and Vulpia myuros. This alliance most closely corresponds with A Manual of California Vegetation’s Quercus wislizeni Woodland Alliance (Interior live oak woodland; Sawyer et al. 2009).

The Quercus wislezeni Forest Alliance is one of the dominant vegetation types found south of the SFAR on dry northwest-facing upland slopes; the total geographic extent within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area is 3.88 ac (1.60 ha) (Figure 4a, Table 7a).

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3.1.3.6 Rubus armeniacus Semi-Natural Shrubland Series

This alliance typically has Rubus discolor (also known as Rubus armeniacus) as a dominant within the shrub layer with few, if any, emergent trees. Characterized by sampling point V_5 (Figure 4a), the percent absolute cover of Rubus discolor is nearly 50%. Co-dominant at approximately 20% cover is Vitis californica (California wild grape). Quercus chrysolepis is occasional within the tree layer between 1–5%. Additional associated shrubs or sub-shrubs include Keckiella breviflora var. breviflora, Lotus scoparius, and Lupinus albifrons. Associated herbaceous species include Brassica nigra (black mustard), Centaurea solstitialis, Cordylanthus tenuis (slender bird’s beak), Lotus purshianus var. purshianus (American bird’s-foot trefoil), Phacelia heterophylla, and Vicia hirsuta. This alliance most closely corresponds with A Manual of Vegetation’s Rubus armeniacus Semi-Natural Shrubland Series (Himalayan blackberry brambles; Sawyer et al. 2009).

The Rubus armeniacus Semi-Natural Shrubland Series occurs on the north side of the SFAR between the riparian corridor Alnus rhombifolia Forest Alliance and the upland Quercus wislizeni Woodland Alliance; the total geographic extent within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area is 0.58 ac (0.23 ha) (Figure 4a, Table 7a).

3.1.3.7 Salix lasiolepis Shrubland Alliance

This alliance typically has Salix lasiolepis as a dominant or co-dominant in the tree or shrub layer. Characterized by sampling point V_8 (Figure 4a), Salix lasiolepis covered nearly half of the area. The only emergent tree was a Pinus ponderosa sapling with less than one percent cover. Associated shrubs or sub-shrubs include Keckiella breviflora var. breviflora, Philadelphus lewisii, and Rubus discolor. One individual Cytisus scoparius (W_11; Figure 3) was documented within this vegetation type. Associated herbaceous species include Asclepias fascicularis (narrow-leaf milkweed), Brassica nigra, Bromus diandrus, Bromus tectorum, Daucus carota (Queen Anne’s lace), and Lactuca serriola. This alliance most closely corresponds with A Manual of Vegetation’s Salix lasiolepis Shrubland Alliance (Arroyo willow thickets; Sawyer et al. 2009).

The Salix lasiolepis Shrubland Alliance occurs along the Iowa Canyon Creek wetland/riparian corridor; the total geographic extent within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area is 0.26 ac (0.10 ha) (Figure 4a, Table 7a).

3.2 Wildlife Resources

3.2.1 Special-Status Terrestrial Wildlife

Thirty-four special-status terrestrial wildlife species (terrestrial invertebrates, reptiles, birds, and mammals) were identified from the database queries and literature searches described in Section 2.2.1 as having potential to occur in the Project area (Appendix B). Twenty-one of these species were eliminated from further consideration, since no suitable habitat was present or the assessment area was outside of the elevation range for the species (Appendix B). Thirteen special-status terrestrial wildlife species occur, or have the potential to occur, within the New

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Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area. Special-status species for which suitable habitat was determined to be present are identified in Table 8 and discussed in further detail below. None of the special-status species identified as having the potential to occur in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area were documented during the habitat assessment.

Table 5. Special-status terrestrial wildlife species known to or likely to occur within the Project area. Status1 Common Name Federal/State/ Likelihood of Occurrence in the (Scientific Name) USFS Habitat Associations Project Area Birds Large bodies of water or rivers with Bald eagle abundant fish, uses adjacent snags or High; Project area has moderately FD,BGEPA/ SE, other perches; nests in advanced- suitable nesting and foraging (Haliaeetus SFP/ FSS Leucocephalus) successional conifer forest near open habitat water Low; goshawks typically nest Mature and old-growth stands of above the elevation of the Project Northern goshawk –/SSC, / coniferous forest, middle and higher area; however potential for FSS elevations; nests in dense part of (Accipter gentilis) goshawks to use the Project area stands near an opening as foraging habitat Moderate; a few rock ledges with American peregrine Wetlands, woodlands, cities, commanding views provide falcon FD/SD, SFP/ agricultural lands, and coastal areas nesting habitat in the Project area; FSS with cliffs for nesting; often feeds near (Falco peregrinus plenty of foraging habitat water anatum) available Moderate; while California Typically in older forested habitats; spotted owls have been California spotted nests in complex stands dominated by documented less than 1 mi away, owl –/SSC/FSS conifers, especially coastal redwood, (Strix occidentalis Project area lacks woody debris on with hardwood understories; some occidentalis) the forest floor (habitat for prey) open areas are important for foraging and lacks large snags for nesting Nests in moist crevices behind or beside permanent or semipermanent Moderate; waterfall in Iowa Black swift waterfalls in deep canyons, on –/SSC/– Canyon Creek may provide perpendicular sea cliffs above surf, (Cypseloides niger) suitable nesting habitat and in sea caves; forages widely over many habitats Moderate; minimal suitable-sized Vaux's swift Redwood and Douglas-fir habitats snags and trees for nesting in the –/SSC/– (Chaetura vauxi) with large snags Project area, although abundant foraging habitat present Olive-side flycatcher Primarily advanced-successional Moderate; adequate nesting and –/SSC/– (Contopus cooperi) conifer forests with open canopies foraging habitat in Project area Low; while the Project area Early successional riparian habitats provides some foraging and Yellow-breasted chat –/SSC/– with a dense shrub layer and an open nesting habitat, presence is

(Icteria virens) canopy uncommon in this region of California

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Status1 Common Name Federal/State/ Likelihood of Occurrence in the (Scientific Name) USFS Habitat Associations Project Area Mammals Roosts in rock crevices, tree hollows, High; rocky cliffs and outcrops Pallid bat mines, caves, and a variety of vacant –/SSC/FSS with crevices present in Project and occupied buildings; feeds in a (Antrozous pallidus) area variety of open habitats Highly associated with cliffs and rock Moderate; suitable rock cliffs and crevices, although may occasionally Spotted bat outcrops with crevices present in –/SSC/– use caves and buildings; inhabits arid Project area, however presence is (Euderma maculatum) deserts, grasslands, and mixed uncommon in California coniferous forests Western mastiff bat Primarily a cliff-dwelling species High; rocky cliffs and outcrops (Eumopsperotis –/SSC/FSS though may be found in crevices in with crevices present in Project californicus) large boulders and buildings area Mixture of forest and shrub habitats in California ringtail association with rocky areas or Moderate; suitable habitat present –/SFP/– (Bassariscus astutus riparian habitats, low to middle in Project area raptor) elevations Pacific fisher Dense advanced-successional conifer Low; Project area may not have forests, with complex forest structure (Martes pennanti FC/SSC/FSS the complex forest structure being more important than tree pacifica) required by this species West Coast DPS species; den in hollow trees and snags 1 Federal refers to the Federal Endangered Species Act and Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (FC = federal candidate species, FD = federally delisted, BGEPA = federally protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, DPS = distinct population segment); State refers to the California Endangered Species Act and the California Fish and Game Code (SD = state delisted SE = state endangered, SSC = Considered a Species of Special Concern by the State of California, SFP = Fully Protected by the State of California); USFS refers to U.S. Forest Service Sensitive Wildlife Species List for the El Dorado National Forest (FSS = U.S. Forest Service Sensitive).

3.2.1.1 Bald eagle

Bald eagles are a year-round resident and uncommon winter migrant in California. Bald eagles forage and scavenge on large bodies of water with abundant fish, such as estuaries, coastal waters, rivers, large lakes, and reservoirs. They prefer easily approached perches in high snags, large trees, or open rocky slopes. Bald eagles are most likely to nest in very large trees in advanced-successional forest. Nest trees are usually located close to a permanent body of water and must be large enough to accommodate the bald eagle’s large stick nest.

Bald eagles have been documented nesting at Union Valley and Loon Lake reservoirs (SMUD 2004b). Habitat suitability within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area and in the general vicinity of the Project is high, as there are readily available thermals and many rock ledges with commanding views that provide nesting habitat.

3.2.1.2 Northern goshawk

Northern goshawks are year-round residents in California. The species nests in mature and/or old-growth forests, including within coniferous and mixed conifer-hardwood vegetation types. Preferred stands are those with relatively large trees, high canopy cover, and an open understory (Keane 2008). Nesting typically occurs above 2,500 ft (762 m) elevation (McGrath et al. 2003).

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Northern goshawks are adapted to pursue prey in forests, but may also hunt in open habitats (Squires and Reynolds 1997).

Although there is suitable foraging habitat, it is improbable that northern goshawks would nest within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area or in the vicinity of the Project due to elevation.

3.2.1.3 American peregrine falcon

American peregrine falcons, uncommon breeding resident and migrant in California, breed in portions of the Sierra Nevada Mountains along with coastal California (Zeiner et al. 1990a). Peregrine falcons usually nest near water in a depression or scrape made on high cliff ledges, but also nest in human-made structures (e.g., bridges or buildings), and occasionally within abandoned raptor nests in snags or trees (Zeiner et al. 1990a, White et al. 2002). Peregrine falcons capture prey in the air, in a variety of open habitats.

Habitat suitability within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area and in the general vicinity of the Project is moderate, as there are a few rock ledges with commanding views that provide nesting habitat. In addition, ample foraging habitat is available since the Project is in a relatively deep canyon with many small bird species to hunt.

3.2.1.4 California spotted owl

California spotted owls, year-round residents in California, breed in the southern Cascades, the Sierra Nevada from Burney south, the Tehachapi Mountains, and the coastal range south of Monterey (Gutiérrez et al. 1995). California spotted owls typically occur in older forested habitats at elevations below 3,280 ft (1,000 m). They nest in complex stands with large trees dominated by hardwoods (primarily Quercus [oak] species) with conifer cover increasing with elevation (Gutiérrez et al. 1995). The species also requires some open areas for foraging as it hunts prey on the forest floor in woody debris; the most important food item is the dusky footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) (Gutiérrez et al. 1995).

California spotted owls have been documented on SMUD lands less than 1 mi (1.6 km) away (SMUD 2004i). However, although they may visit the vicinity of the Project as transients, they are unlikely to nest or forage in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area because it lacks woody debris on the forest floor (habitat for prey) and large snags for nesting.

3.2.1.5 Black swift

Black swifts occur in California as summer residents and as migrants from April to October. Nesting occurs as early as May and as late as September (Roberson and Collins 2008). Black swifts nest in moist crevices behind or beside permanent or semi-permanent waterfalls in deep canyons, on perpendicular sea cliffs above surf, and in sea caves (Roberson and Collins 2008). This species forages widely over many habitats.

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Although nesting habitat for black swifts is limited within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area, moderately suitable habitat does occur in the vicinity of the Project. There is a waterfall that occurs along a steep gradient of Iowa Canyon Creek (visible from the bridge crossing the creek) that may provide suitable nesting habitat for this species. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the Project footprint would extend into this section of Iowa Canyon Creek.

3.2.1.6 Vaux's swift

Vaux’s swifts are migratory and summer residents in California. Vaux’s swifts prefer nesting in mature, old-growth redwood or Douglas-fir forests, often near streams or other forest openings (Bull et al. 2007). They nest predominantly in hollow live trees or snags with cavities large enough to allow for flight (Zeiner et al. 1990, Hunter 2008). Vaux’s swifts seek primarily insect prey on the wing above the forest canopy, in forest openings such as burn areas, and above streams and rivers (Zeiner et al. 1990a, Bull et al. 2007).

The likelihood of occurrence for this species is moderate as foraging habitat for Vaux’s swift is abundant in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area and nesting habitat is present, although limited, with a few suitably sized snags and trees.

3.2.1.7 Olive-sided flycatcher

Olive-sided flycatchers are migratory and summer residents in California that typically breed in the Sierra Nevada foothills (CalPIF 2002, Widdowson 2008). Olive-sided flycatchers have been documented in a wide variety of forested habitats in California, including mixed conifer, Douglas-fir, redwood, and montane hardwood-conifer forests (Widdowson 2008). They primarily occur in advanced successional coniferous forests with open canopies, near forest edges or forest openings (e.g., meadows, rivers, harvest units), and with abundant perches (Zeiner et al. 1990a, Altman and Sallabanks 2000, CalPIF 2002, Widdowson 2008). The birds prefer nesting areas near water bodies, potentially due to increased insect abundance in these areas (Altman and Sallabanks 2000). In addition, studies have shown an increase in nesting olive-sided flycatchers with a reduction in forest canopy due to logging operations or fire (CalPIF 2002).

The likelihood for occurrence of the olive-sided flycatcher is moderate as adequate nesting and foraging habitat is present within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area and in the vicinity of the Project.

3.2.1.8 Yellow-breasted chat

Yellow-breasted chats are a migrant and summer resident found across much of California, breeding mainly in northwestern California and the low- and mid-elevation Sierra Nevada. Yellow-breasted chats can be found in dense thickets of willows or other brushy areas of riparian woodlands (Zeiner et al. 1990a, Ricketts and Kus 2000). The species prefers areas with an open-canopy and close proximity to water along streams or wet meadows; however, the preferred understory for nesting sites is thick and often includes a tangle of blackberry and wild grape (Zeiner et al. 1990a, Comrack 2008). A few taller trees are necessary to use as perches for

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singing (Comrack 2008). This species forages in low, dense riparian shrubland on a variety of spiders, insects, and berries gleaned from vegetation (Zeiner et al. 1990a, Ricketts and Kus 2000).

The likelihood for occurrence within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area and in the vicinity of the Project is low. While some foraging and nesting habitat is present, the yellow- breasted chat is uncommon in this region of California.

3.2.1.9 Pallid bat

Pallid bats are fairly widespread in California. Pallid bats occupy a variety of habitats, from arid deserts to grasslands to conifer forests. Roosts (including day, night, and maternity roosts) are typically located in rock crevices and cliffs, but can also be found in tree hollows and caves (Hermanson and O’Shea 1983, Lewis 1994, Pierson et al. 1996, Pierson et al. 2001). In more urban settings, roosts are frequently associated with human structures such as abandoned buildings, abandoned mines, and bridges (Pierson et al. 1996, Pierson et al. 2001). Overwintering roosts require relatively cool and stable temperatures out of direct sunlight. Pallid bats typically glean prey from the ground (Zeiner et al. 1990b) and may forage 1–3 mi (1.6–4.8 km) from their day roost.

The likelihood of occurrence for this species within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area is high as suitable foraging habitat is abundant and there are rocky cliffs and outcrops with crevices present in the vicinity of the Project.

3.2.1.10 Spotted bat

Spotted bats have a patchy distribution that ranges across much of California, excluding coastal areas and regions north of Mount Shasta. Its presence is limited to rocky areas associated with river drainages from arid deserts to high elevation conifer forests (Luce et al. 2005). Spotted bats roost in crevices and is believed to be non-colonial. Foraging ranges are typically large (up to 25 mi [40 km]); foraging spotted bats glean prey over open areas and along forest edges, particularly in association with wet meadows usually about 30 ft (10 m) above-ground (Luce et al. 2005).

Although the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area has suitable foraging and roosting habitat, likelihood of occurrence for this species is moderate because it is generally uncommon in California.

3.2.1.11 Western mastiff bat

Western mastiff bats range from the San Francisco Bay area south throughout California, typically roosting below 5,000 ft (1,400 m) but potentially foraging up to 8,850 ft (2,700 m) (Pierson and Siders 2005). A crevice- and cliff-roosting species, western mastiff bats prefer rock features, often steep slopes or rocky outcrops associated with river drainages, or slabs of exfoliating granite or basaltic columns. Colonies range from 35 to 200 individuals. Western

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mastiff bats forage in open-air environments such as reservoirs over ranges up 18 mi (30 km) (Peirson and Siders 2005).

The likelihood of occurrence for this species within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area is high, as suitable foraging habitat is abundant and there are rocky cliffs and outcrops with crevices present in the vicinity of the Project.

3.2.1.12 California ringtail

California ringtails, a nocturnal carnivore in the raccoon family, are widely distributed as a non- migratory resident throughout California. The ringtail is found in a variety of environments including riparian, shrub, and forest habitats (Jameson and Peeters 2004). Ringtails eat mainly rodents (woodrats and mice) and rabbits (CDFG and CIWTG 2008), although they also forage on fruits and berries (Jameson and Peeters 2004).

The likelihood of occurrence for this species within the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area is moderate as suitable hunting and foraging habitat is present and opportunities to den are ample.

3.2.1.13 Pacific fisher

Pacific fishers are a medium-sized forest carnivore that is strongly associated with mature and late successional forest habitats. Pacific fishers are habitat specialists associated with forests exhibiting late-successional characteristics, such as an abundance of large trees, snags, and logs (>100 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]), multiple canopy layers, high canopy closure, and few openings (Zielinski et al., 2004). Mature forests provide the structural characteristics necessary to facilitate foraging, denning, and dispersal.

Pacific fishers are believed to no longer occur or are extremely rare in the El Dorado National Forest (SMUD 2004g). However, there is a 1995 record of a Pacific fisher within a 5-mile radius of the Project area (CDFG 2010). Likelihood of Pacific fisher occurring in the Project area is low, due to the lack of complex forest structure, and the species’ rarity in the El Dorado National Forest.

3.2.2 Other Wildlife Species

As stated above, no special-status wildlife species (or their sign) were documented during the field surveys. In the evening, many bats varying in size were observed foraging in the New Slab Creek Powerhouse survey area at dusk. However, there were no signs of bat use in White House Adit 3. Temperatures in the adit are likely cool throughout the year; therefore, it is unlikely to be used by bats as summer roosting habitat by bats. Although it is possible that bats may use the adit as a winter hibernation roost, no guano was detected in the adit during the survey. Other wildlife species observed during the survey are summarized in Table 9.

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Table 6. Wildlife species observed during 2010 wildlife habitat assessment and bird surveys. Common Name Scientific Name Amphibians Sierra newt Taricha torosa sierrae Birds turkey vulture Cathartes aura mourning dove Zenaida macroura Anna’s hummingbird Calypte anna western wood-peewee1 Contopus sordidulus1 black phoebe Sayornis nigricans Steller’s jay Cyanocitta stelleri common raven Corvus corax tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor violet-green swallow Tachycineta thalassina northern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis oak titmouse Baeolophus inornatus bushtit Psaltriparus minimus canyon wren1 Catherpes mexicanus1 American dipper Cinclus mexicanus American robin Turdus migratorius orange-crowned warbler1 Vermivora celata1 spotted towhee Pipilo maculatus California towhee Pipilo crissalis western tanager Piranga ludoviciana black-headed grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus lesser goldfinch Spinus psaltria Mammals various unknown bat species Unknown American beaver2 Castor canadensis2 1 Identified by song only. 2 Identified by sign (evidence of a beaver dam).

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Hunter, J. E. 2008. Vaux's swift (Chaetura vauxi). Pages 254–259 in W. D. Shuford and T. Gardali, editors. California bird species of special concern: a ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California. Studies of western birds no. 1. Western Field Ornithologists, Camarilla, California and California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California.

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