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Download PDF (171.3 Index 9/11 219, 264 Antall, József (1932–93) 277 Antemurale 87 Academy of Sciences anti-Bolshevism 101, 112, 285 Academy of the Tartu University anti-Communism 131, 139, 142, 146, 208 148, 172–3, 185, 193, 209 Imperial Academy of Science 48 anti-conformism 216 Russian Academy 5 antifascist coalition 130, 139 Yugoslav Academy 20 see also Coalition ACIPS Alumni 229 anti-religious policies 118 ACTA report 264 anti-Russian feelings 45, 112, 139, 215, Al-Assad, Bashar (1965–) 281 285 Albanians 21, 38, 52–3, 122, 186, 216, anti-Russian opposition 45 252, 273 anti-Russian patriots 223 and Albanian question 62 anti-Semitism 25, 31–2, 107, 126, 145, and Greater Albania 252–3 193, 296 Aleksandar I Karađorđević, King and anti-Semitism without Jews 155 (1888–1934) 100 anti-Soviet reaction 215 Aleksandravičius, Egidijus 6, 23, 26, Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir 46, 225 (1883–1938) 70 Alexander I, Emperor and Tsar apparatchik 148 (1777–1825) 15 Arab–Israeli conflict 145 Alexander II, Emperor and Tsar Aralov, Semyon (1880–1969) 94 (1818–81) 56 aristocracy 8, 12, 18, 26, 41, 44–5, 74, Alexander III, Emperor and Tsar 202, 289 (1845–94) 44 Cossack nobles 56 Alfieri, Vittorio (1749–1803) 16 dvorjanstvo 46 alphabet 24, 27, 204, 222 and German nobility 42–3 Arabic 102 Magyarized aristocracy 26 Cyrillic 24, 44, 103 Polonized nobles 8, 23, 26 Latin 25, 44, 102–3 and Swedish lords 42 Amato, Giuliano (1938–) 252 Aristotle (384–322 BC) 16 Ambartsumov, Yevgeny 161 Armenians 52, 84–5, 93 anarchists 2, 41 and Armenian State 93 ancien régime 8 Armia Krajowa 126 Andreeva, Nina (1938–) 208 Armia Ludowa 133 annexation 4, 10, 12, 30, 36, 49, 65, 75, Aryan worship 107 98, 110, 119, 124, 133, 159, 161, Ashdown, Paddy (1941–) 240 197, 209, 222, 278–9, 285 assimilation 18, 25, 27, 31, 38, 44, 78, Soviet annexation 202, 210, 213 81, 96, 100, 141, 180–81, 248, 287 and double annexation 203 Association of the Awakening Anschluss 75, 109 Hungarians 106 329 Stefano Bianchini - 9781786436610 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/05/2021 03:21:56PM via free access BIANCHINI PRINT (4-col).indd 329 30/08/2017 07:51 330 Liquid nationalism and state partitions in Europe asylum seekers see refugees and Baltic Germans 64, 66, 69, 202 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (1881–1938) Baltic round table 217 93, 102 United Baltic Duchy 212 atheists 288 see also Baltic states (Geographic Atlantic Charter 79, 129 index) Atlantic military organization see Baltische Landeswehr 74 NATO Ban, Matija (1818–1903) 27 atomic bomb 131 Barbarossa, operation 118, 124, 126 Ausgleich see Austro-Hungary Batory, Stefan (1533–86) 6 austerity measures 187–8, 190, 204, 264 Bauer, Otto (1881–1938) 55, 80 and austerity policy 194 Bauman, Zygmunt (1925–2017) 56, Austro-Hungary see Geographic index 169, 259, 265, 296 and Ausgleich 50, 55, 61, 96 Beck, Józef (Polish General) and Dual Monarchy 5, 50, 55, 59, (1894–1944) 109 63, 80, 96 Belgrade agreement 234 and federalization of Austro- Beneš decrees 139, 197 Hungary 72 Berisha, Sali (1944–) 273 and Tripartite Monarchy 55–6 Berklavs, Eduard (1914–2004) 117, 205 see also Congress of the Oppressed Berlin consensus 254 Peoples Berlin wall see walls Austro-Marxism 55, 79 Berlin, Congress of 30, 49 autonomy 25, 38, 42–3, 45, 49, 52–3, Berzins, Andris (1944–) 224 62, 67, 70, 86, 93, 110, 120, 130, besieged fortress 187 145, 157–8, 160, 164, 202, 209, bias 10, 32, 83, 130, 178, 185, 194, 217, 228, 253, 270 228, 237, 244, 262, 293 budgetary autonomy 207 Bibó, István (1911–79) 105 cultural autonomy 55, 79–80 Bilandžić, Dušan (1924–2015) 227 and Tomsk Oblast 80 Bismarck, Otto von (1815–98) 22 district autonomy 164 Bloc see Camp economic autonomy 24, 206–7 Bohemian historical right 196 statute of autonomy 182 Bolkestein directive 250 and territorial autonomy 146 Bologna process 261 awakening 9, 106 Bonaparte, Napoleon I (1769–1821) and national awakening 208 10, 12, 27, 41 Axis 121, 124, 141 and Napoleon Code 10 and Napoleonic campaigns 4, 9, 258 backwardness 10, 41 Bonaparte, Napoleon III (1808–73) 16, Badinter Commission 154, 269, 272 20 bailout 189 borders 1–2, 9–10, 28, 35–6, 39–40, 47, Bakunin, Mikhail (1814–76) 19 49, 52, 55–6, 58, 62–3, 66, 69, 76, Bălcescu, Nicolae (1819–52) 18, 79 78, 81, 85, 87–90, 94, 98, 104–5, Balkan (con)federation 136–8 109, 114, 116, 119, 127–8, 131–4, Balkan League 52 136, 139, 141, 143, 145–6, 149, Balkan Pact 138 151–5, 157, 164, 172–4, 179–81, Balkan route 253 192, 202, 212, 217, 228, 241, 245, Balkan wars 32, 36, 53–4, 94, 121 248, 252, 259, 261, 268, 273–9, Balkanization 185, 245, 253 281–4, 293, 296 Balladur Initiative 154, 217, 248, 277 administrative demarcation lines Baltic Germans see Baltic provinces 154, 159, 279 Baltic provinces 42, 44–5, 69 and border fence 174 Stefano Bianchini - 9781786436610 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/05/2021 03:21:56PM via free access BIANCHINI PRINT (4-col).indd 330 30/08/2017 07:51 Index 331 and borders protection 191, 262 Cavour, Camillo Benso (1810–61) 20, and international recognized borders 105 151 Ceauşescu, Nicolae (1918–89) 143 razor-wire fence 174 Cebesoy, Ali Fuat (1882–1968) 94 revision of borders 153 censorship 17, 42, 44, 118, 206 Borot’bism 86 census 186, 237, 278 Bošković, Ruđer (or Ruggero Central Banks 259 Boscovich) (1711–87) 26 European 258, 297 Bosnia-Herzegovina see Geographic French 259 index German 259 Constitutional Court of Bosnia- Central European Free Trade Herzegovina 235, 242 Agreement (CEFTA) 200 federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina Central Powers 36, 58–9, 61–4, 68–9, 228–9 81 Brandt, Willy (1913–92) 143 centralization 8–11, 17, 30, 52, 81, Brazauskas, Algirdas (1932–2010) 210 100–101, 103, 107, 180, 207 Brčko, status of 234 Charles I, Emperor (1887–1922) 72 Breivik, Anders (1979–) 264, 286 Charlie Hebdo 282 Brexit 262–3, 267–8, 274, 286, 295 Charter of Fundamental Rights see Brezhnev, Leonid (1906–82) 143, 186, Rights 205–6 Chernobyl 206–7 and Brezhnev doctrine 171, 172 Chernyshevsky, Nikolai (1828–89) 19 BRICS 164, 289 Chetniks/Četnici 131, 196 British-ness 275 Chicherin, Georgy (1872–1936) 94, Brodsky, Iosif (1940–96) 296 113 Broglio, Emilio (1814–92) 100 Christ, Jesus 106 bronze soldier 220, 224 Christianity 3, 43, 93, 106 Brzezinski, Zbigniew (1928–2017) 185 and Christians 288 Buchanan, Allen (1948–) 37, 294 Church see religions buffer zone 223 Churchill, Winston (1874–1965) 129, Bund 46, 80 131, 136–7 Bundesbank 253, 259 CIA 151, 209 Burrows, Ronald (1867–1920) 83 Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106–43 BC) 26 Bush, George W. (1946–) 159, 161, 219 citizenship 109, 171, 204, 212–15, 217–18, 220–21, 248, 250, 288 Cameron, David (1966–) 194, 263, 268, and European citizenship 204 286 non-citizens 221 Camp see also European Union Camps of Calais 175 civil wars 63, 164, 173, 181 Socialist Camp 130, 143, 145, 171, American Civil War 19 186, 206–7 English Civil War 16 Soviet Camp 146, 185–7, 243 Finnish Civil War 62 candidate countries 154, 217, 219, 248, Greek Civil War 136–8 251, 254, 273, 275 Russian Civil War 36, 61, 70, 72–3, canton 101, 229, 235, 237–8, 240–41 85–6, 89, 202 and cantonization 81, 196 Spanish Civil War 2 Carbonari, secret society 16 class struggle 42, 262, 287 Carpatho-Rusyns 64 Clinton, Bill (1946–) 1, 228 Catherine II, Empress (1729–96) 5, 10, coalition 44, 50, 130, 139, 197, 213, 12 238–9, 243, 248, 274, 289 Stefano Bianchini - 9781786436610 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/05/2021 03:21:56PM via free access BIANCHINI PRINT (4-col).indd 331 30/08/2017 07:51 332 Liquid nationalism and state partitions in Europe Cold War 130, 142, 147–9, 169, 172–3, consociationalism 294 176, 197, 204, 244, 256 Constituent Assembly (of Galicia and and Cold War walls 172 Bukovina) 72 collective rights 10, 19, 79, 230, 232–3, and constituent peoples 186, 229, 236 230, 235 collective security 113, 179, 294 Constitution collectivization 118, 129, 139, 204 1974 Yugoslav C. 157, 185 colonies 248 1977 Soviet C. 202–3 colonists 69, 124, 214–15 Constitutional Court 190, 222, Cominform 138 235–6, 242, 274, 297 Commission on the Balkans 252 of the RSFSR 84 common currency 136, 178, 194, 204, Spanish Constitutional Court 182, 250, 253–4, 260–61, 264, 271, 286, 270, 274 295 “Continuation war” see Winter war Commonwealth continuity argument 285 Commonwealth of Independent Copenhagen criteria 218, 248, 277 States (CIS) 153 Corriere della Sera 83, 176–7 Commonwealth partition 11 cosmopolitanism 4, 8–9, 13, 29, 172, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 193 4–5, 7, 11–12, 15, 25–6, 43, 46, popular culture 13, 207 66, 74, 87, 101, 178, 202–3, 223 and autochthonous cultures 46 Communism 64, 80, 126, 142, 144, 148, transnational culture 193 185, 197–8, 216, 224–5, 236, 250, Cossacks 44 284, 287, 290, 293 from the Don 70 Communist ideology 139, 172, 192 of Zaporozhia 6 Communist internationalism 85, see also aristocracy 145, 172, 285 Council of Europe 218, 268, 275 national Communism 205 coup d’état 121, 124, 143, 269 War Communism 71 and 1991 August coup 152, 211 Communist Parties 73, 121, 137, 145, Coustine Astolphe, Marquis de (1790– 186, 205 1857) 41 and Communist Hardliners 202, Creek people 271 207, 209, 211–13 Crimea Communist Leadership 147, 192 and Crimean annexation 159 and Communist Party of Soviet Crimean war 41 Union (CPSU) 145, 203, 209, Khanate of Crimea 5 211, 213 crimes against humanity 130, 138, 141, see also League of Communists of 227 Yugoslavia crisis competition 3, 25, 32, 161, 226, 256, economic crisis 147, 164, 187–8, 191, 265, 277 194, 199, 256, 260, 266, 270, sub-continental 191 286, 295 Congress financial crisis 189, 194, 295 Communist Party Congress 211 global crisis 251 Congress
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