History of Oceanography ISSN 1013-3917 Number 20 September 2008 CONTENTS EDITORIAL The history of oceanography after forty years …………………………p. 3 ARTICLES History of cancelled expedition of Vitiaz (Nikiforova) ………………...p. 4 Calypso under intensive care but recovering (Charlier) ……………….p. 7 Salinity determination and position-finding at sea (Smed) …………….p. 10 The USA’s and Canada’s long way to ICES (Smed) …………………..p. 15 Harold Dreyer Warburg, tidal authority (Hughes) ……………………..p. 28 Ioan Borcea and first Romanian marine zoological station …………….p. 32 ICHO-VIII – A PHOTO-ESSAY ………………………………………………p. 44 NEWS AND EVENTS …………………………………………………………p. 47 BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES ……………………………………………p. 47 ANNUAL BIBLIOGRAPHY & BIOGRAPHIES ……………………………...p. 49 NEWSLETTER of the COMMISSION of the HISTORY OF OCEANOGRAPHY DIVISION of HISTORY OF SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL UNION of the HISTORY and PHILOSOPHY of SCIENCE 1 INTERNATIONAL UNION OF THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE DIVISION OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE COMMISSION OF OCEANOGRAPHY President Keith R. Benson Department of History University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z1, CANADA Vice Presidents Jacqueline Carpine-Lance La Verveine 7, Square Kraemer 06240 Beausoleil, FRANCE Margaret B. Deacon Jopes Park Cottage Luckett Callington, Cornwall PL17 8LG, UNITED KI NGDOM Walter Lenz Institut für Klima- und Meeresforschung Universität Hamburg D-20146 Hamburg, GERMANY Helen Rozwadowski Maritime Studies Program University of Connecticut, Avery Point Groton, Connecticut, USA Secretary Deborah Cozort Day Archives Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093-0219, USA Editor of Newsletter Eric L. Mills Department of Oceanography Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1, CANADA Fax (902) 494-3877 E-mail:
[email protected] 2 EDITORIAL – The History of Oceanography After Forty Years Nearly twenty years ago, I began to write a review of the literature of the history of oceanography and an assessment of its position in the history of science.