Index

Page numbers in italic denote figures, page numbers in bold denote tables.

Abas gneiss terrane 110 Al Mafid 108 anhydrite 146–150, 394–395, Abqaiq 394 Al Mahfid gneiss terrane 108–110 399–400 Abu Ghirab Field 397 Al Mukulla 108–109 cement 389 Abu Hadriya 394 Al Mukulla arc 108 anisotrophic Arabia-Zagros Abu Mahara Group 2, 3, 280, 411 Al Noor Formation 3 lithostratographic zones 45–60 accretion 372 Al Quibliyah Islands 40 anisotrophy Marbat Hills 107, 125 Al Rub Al Khali see Rub Al Khali plate boundary 2,4,45–60 Saih Hatat 298–299 Al Sawda Islands 40 ankaramites 35 Achatina sp. 93–106 Al-Ghab depression 63–65 anorthitic component increase 195, adakites 248 Al-Hajar range 9, 11 200–211 Adam foothills 15, 42 Al-Hasakeh 77 Ara Group 3, 288, 411 aeolian features 12, 26, 31, 40 Al-Hotta-ain-Sereit Formation 304, salt 25, 30, 36, 373–374, 377, Afar 2, 25, 60, 86 306, 318 389–390 Afghan block 371 Al-Mafid gneiss terrane 108, 110 Arab Formation 377, 394–395 African Plate 62, 361–363 Al-Malikiyah 76 Arabia Zone 25 African tropical snails Aleppo Plateau 63–65, 74–75 Arabia-Eurasia margin Oligiocene uplift 93–105 algae 30, 304, 309, 390 extension-compression 87–88 Afrin valley 63–65 alkaline basalts 34–35, Arabian accreted terranes 58 ages, Jurassic crust 32 61–65, 170 Arabian Canal sample 346 K-Ar dating 73–77, 173 Masirah island 32 Arabian Continent Ras al Neoproterzoic 109–127 Palmyride fold belt 61–65 Hamra 26 Ophiolite 247 to subalkaline, Syria 61–88 Arabian Gulf 403, see also Gulf of see also K-Ar, U-Ph alkaline ultramafic granulites 35 Arabia Ain Hindi 30 allanite 249 Arabian margin basement Ak Khod 325–328, 335–338 Alley Unit 179, 229–230 partial melting 34 Akhdar Group 3, 11 subduction 213 Arabian Plate 61–65, 303, 361–363, Abaid 36 alluvial fans 366–372, 379 Al Ain 36, 214 dolomitization 343–360 Australian palynoymorphs Al Ajaiz 156, 161 Qalah Formation 325–340 288–289 Al Aridh Group 129–134 Alpine Orogeny 371, 375–376 magma genesis 4, 61–91 Al Ashkirah lamphrophyre dykes 12, Alwa Formation Arabian Shield 109, 372, 373, 40, 58 Ammonicito Rosso facies 39 377, 401 Al Asimah 161 Hallsatt facies 39 Arabian-Eurasia Al Asseelah beach Amal Field 31, 398 plate boundary 45–60, 61–65 Warah Formation, volcanic pipe 40 Amdeh Formation Arabian-Nubian Sheild 52 Al Ayn 130, 144 calc-phengite schists 18, 282–291, Arabian-Zagros Basins 372–379, Al Bashair Formation 3 328, 335–338 396–404 Al Batain Plains 58 Amguden unconformity arc stage Al Bayda island arc terrane Amib is 367 Oman Ophiolite 177–193 108–109, 110 Amin Formation 3, 411 Archaean crust 247–260 2 Ammonicitio Rosso facies 40 Araej Formation 377, 393, 395 Al Hajar village 19 Alwa Formation 39 aridity 373–374, 377 Al Halaniyat Islands 40 amphibolite Arkbarah Formation 293 Al Haramon Mountain 63 metamorphism timing 40 Aruma Group 3, 13, 325–328 Al Hasakeh lava cone 76–77 amphibolite dykes As Judi 156 Al Hasikiyah Islands 40 and metamorphism timing 40, As Sifah eclogite 12,17–18, Al Hoti cave (38) 35, 37 110–111 22–23, 156 Al Hugf Group 11, see also Hugf amphibolite facies 1, 12, 14–15, 39, Ash Shab gorge Al Jebel Al Akhdar 40 155–173 limestone dome/ophiolite Al Jil Formation 11 amphibolite granulite facies 35 12,39 Al Jobah granodiorite basement 2,30 amphilbolites Asimah Window 165–166 Al Khawd Formation 325 hydrous fluids 155–175, 177–194, Asinah area 164 Al Khlata 195–212 Asjudi glacial deposits 12, 14, 31, An-N’ala axis 367 ophilitic melange 36, 133 279–293 Andam Group 3 thrust sheets, limestone, ophiolite Al Khlata Formation 3, 14, 279–293, Angudan compression 3, 419 melange 12, 36, 130–133, 389, 411 anhydrate cap 135–136, 139–146 Al Khod 325–328, 329–330 Qarn Sahmah 31 Asjudi half window 144 462 INDEX

Asmari Limestone Formation 354, bilad Seeit 16 Cemetary Bay 374, 382, 380, 399–404 Bilah 20 mantle sequence 37–38 asphalt 393 Biltis thrust 371 Cenozoic structures Asraq Basin 367 biotite gneisses 111–113, 116–17, reactivated transpressional 404 Asselah pipe 40 119–121 Central Arabian Arch 367 Aswad Ophiolite block 138 Birba Formation 3 Central Arabian Graben 367 Athel/U Formation 3 bird migration 33–35 central Makram Awali Field 260, 397 Bitlis-Poturge 372 strike-slip 57 Awaz Sandstone 395–398 Bitlis-Zagros fault zone 61–65 Central Oman High domain Azraq Basin 367 bituminous shales 396 reservoirs 2, 419–421, 437–440 block faulting 298 Central Oman Mountains, Geoparks Bab Field 402 blueschists 18, 38 9–33, 12 backscatered electron study 197–214 boninite lavas 4, 177–193, 229–231 Central 377 bacteria 389 Wadi Bidi 177, 180, 188–190 Chaetodon dialeucos 37 Badr Field 397 Boswellia sacra 33–34 Chaman fault-zone 46 Bahrain 395 boulder beds 296, 298 Chelonia mydas 9 Ba’id exotics 12,39 Buah anticline 12,28 chert Ba’id Formation 11,39 Buah Formation 3, 30, 280, 390 Qahalah Formation 5, 15, 333 Bandar Jissah Buhka village 20 cherts limestone fossils 12,37–38 Bul Hanine 395 radiolarian 170 Bandar Khuyran Buraimi 25, 130, 144 Sidr Formation 21–22, 25, 133 shear zones 12, 38 Burdigalian 372–374 chromite banded mafic samples 230–232 Burgan Formation 396, 397–400 diagenesis 355 Banded Ultramafic Unit Busia Unconformity 3 ores 35, 263–266 Sumeini Group 130–141, 159, Butmah Field 392 chromite deposits 161–162 structural control 263–275 Bander Rawdah beach cabonitite intrusion 40 chromite spinel 229–246 ophiolite pillar 38 calc-alkaline chromite-aluminium ratio 274–275 Bani Hmmid granulites 35 Sadh complex 125 chromites and melt transfer Banyas 74 calc-phengite schists 19–20, 22–23 harzburgite 5, 15, 37, 263–277 Bar al-Hikman sabkha 12, 32 calc-silicate marble 35 chromitic pods Barakat Formation 3 calcarenites 396 melt sources 263–264, 274 barchan dunes calcite in altered serpentineites 349, clast composition Ramlat Fasad 34 352–353 Qahlah Formation 335–338 Barik Formation 3 calcium coastal variation Barzaman Formation, conglomerates in silicate diagenesis 356–357 Qishm Formation 303–323 5, 343–360 Canis lupus 17, 33 coesite 18, 36 Distal 344–347, 349–352 cap dolomites 30 colour-banding snails 101–104 Distal Facies A 344–347, Hasheer Member 304, 307, compression 40, 411–412 349–352 311–319 conglomerates Hajar Mountains 343–358 Cap Rocks 381, 397–403, 404 Barzaman Formation 343–360 Medial 344–347 Capra ibex 33 Qishn Formation 303–323 Proximal 345–348 carbon capture and storage by Qahlah Formation 5, 325–341 Proximal, Facies B 348 mineralization see CCSM Qhalah Formation after obduction Proximal, Facies C 351–353 carbon sequestration 1, 5, 343–360 5, 325–341 basal beds carbonate platform 373–374, conjugate faults 434–437 Barzaman Formation 348 376–378, 395–398 constraints basal shear zone mylonites 230 carbonate tuffs 12,40 Oman Ophilite 177–193 basanite 58, 81 carbonates 269–271 continent-continent collision 18 Base Cenozoic Unconformity 3 fault geometries 447–460 continental crust Base Juassic Unconformity 3 faulting geometries 457–460 trace elements 259 basement 368, 372, 373, 376–379 rafts in salt 31 copper mineralization 13 pre-Permian 13, 17, 32, 39, 109, structural styles 5, 16, 409–455 corals 37 409–411 carbonatite 12,40 Cretaceous, Late, conglomerates basin-filling Carboniferous, Late Qahlah Formation 1, 5, 325–341 Lower Cretacous 303–324, 377 Qishn Formation 5, 303–323 Cretaceous, Lower, Na Nayid For- Batain Plains 58 Caretta carreta 33 mation, Qish Formation Batin, coast 1–2, 12,37 Carlsburg Ridge 260 303–323 copper mineralization 13 Cat Island 38 crust, HASV 61–62, see also melange 4 cathodoluminesence study continental Batinah coast 13, 326 195–212 crust-mantle 33, 57 Bekaa Valley depression 62–63 CCSM 343–360 section Batinah plain 37 Benioff Zone 15 cementation crustal contamination Berri Field 394 diagenesis 349–355 Syrian basalts 77–80 INDEX 463 crustal evolution, ages 107–127 dunes 24, 29–30, 34–35, see also Fasad well 35 and mantle 5, 247–248 barchan dunes fault geometries composition 247–261 dunites 14–15, 35, see also carbonates 5, 447–460 crustal extension 33 harzburgites, ultramafics faults, comjugate 434–437 Cryogenian Basement 2–4, Duqm rock garden 12,32 en-echelon 434–437 107–127 dykes integrated models 447–460 cyclic sea-levels banded Fizh block 230 faults reactivation 150 Qishn Formation 319–322 sheeted 13, 12, 14,39–40 felsic veins Cyrogenian magmatic protolith age Wadi Hamiliya 248–259 Marbat Hills 111, 113–117, 105, 119 119–122 Early Devonian Unconformity 3 Fins beach 38, 39 Dalqut 305 East Pacific rise 1 Fiqa Formation 3, 11, 25–26, Dammam Formation 3, 32, 143, 345, East Sheba Ridge 260 139–142, 326, 345, 440 377, 394 Eastern arc terranes 108, 110, 125 lithostratigraphy 377, 411 Darsayt Eastern Flank 2 fish fossils 309 Palaeogene limestones over eroded Eastern Makran Fizh block, gabbro ophiolite 12,37–38 oceanic mantle 45–59 partial melting 195–210, 213 Dawkah well 34 Eastern Oman Ophiolite Complex 2 harzburgite 138–139, 229–246 Daymaniat Islands underwater echinoids 398–399 HRH reserve 9 eclogite 2, 12,17–20, 23,38 lithospheric mantle, melt flux Dead Sea Fault System 62–65 Ediacaran 2–3, 31, 280 229–246 Dezful Embayment 399 elements, Syrian basalts, major lherzolites 230 Deir Az-Zor 76 69–10,72–88 lithospheric mantle, melt flux, Delphinus delphis 17 trace 68, 70–72,73–88 HRH zone 229–246 depletion 155–156 emplacement, mylonites 230 detached regime 346–347 ophiolite 35, 155 werhlite intrusions 213–228 detachment layer en-echelon faults 434–437 fluid migration 4–5, 13, 195–210, Nahr Umr 449 Eo-Cambrian Salt Basin 263–277 Dhahaban Formation 3 Euphrates faults zone 63–65, 77, 81 fluids Dhalqut Formation 304–305, 307 evaporate–carbonate cycles 31 in ultramafics 355 Dhera Formation 11 evaporites 366, 384, 400–405 fluids, water-rich, Dhofar 1–2, 409 evolution and oceanic gabrro 195–210 Plateau 93–106 initial arc magmetismn 177–193 fold thrust Qishn Formation 303–323 Neoproterzoic ages, Marbat Jebel Rais 12,37 Dhruma Formation 3, 377, 393 107–127 Jebel Rastun 12,37 Dhulaima Formation 3, 11 Sadh 107–127 fold-belts diagenises Qishn Formation, Lower Cretacous en echelon 378 harzburgites 343–360 303–334 fold-thrusts diamictites 283–297 exotic limestones 20–21, 25 Ara-Hormuz 12,36 diapiric rise, wehrlites 226–227 extension folding Dibab sinkhole karst 12,38–39 Eastern Makram 45 Hawasina Window 21–22 Dibba Zone 19, 58, 129, 345 salt 36 footwall collapse 150 digenesis, Barzaman Formation Syrian basalts 86–88 foraminfera 343–360 extension and accretion Qishn Formation 308–315, temperature 355 Precambrian 409–411 309–314, 317, 318–417 dir-Al-Gore 63 extension shear zones Foreland Basin 129–153, 325–339, dissolution high temperature 199–211 343–358 magnesium silicates 343–360, 398 extension-compression Fort Jalali 38 Diyab Formation 377, 394 Syrian basalts 86–88 fossiliferous, exotics 38 dolomite extensional faulting 369–413 limestones, cementation 349–359 Wadi Amdeh 294–295 hollow 349–355 facies variation 405 fractional crystallization Triassic fields 392–395 Fahal Island wildlife 37 Syrian basalts 77–110 dolomite layer Fahud Fault 434–437 fractionation Qarn Sahmah 31 Fahud Salt Basin 2, 24, 36, subduction zone 156, 186–210 dolomites 38, 399 frankincense 34 Hinna Member 316–319 domain 31, 429–435, 441–444 Fujairah leucogranite dykes 35 dolomitization 349–360, 394–395 Fahud-1 well 25 Fusht complex tonalite 108–109 drifting north 373–374, 377 Fanja 325–328, 332–413, dropstones 28 334–339 gabbro Drouz zone 62–65 Fara Formation 280 layered 14, drowned coast 39 Fars Formation, 28 378 oceanic water-rich fluids migration Dubai Canal excavation 346–347 Lower 345, 357, 399–412 195–212 Dugong dugong 33 Fartaq High 304–305 see also olivine gabbro 464 INDEX gabbro-sheeted dykes granite-pegmatite dyke 109 harzburgite-dunite-plagioclase water-rich fluid migration granulites 4, 35, 155, 165–168 werhlite, 195–212 garnet clinopyroxne 6, 155–175 Wadi Barghah 213–228 gabbro-trondhjemites Green Pool locality, harzburgites 12, 14–15, 21, 37–38 U-Pb 11, 156 Wadi Tayyin metamorphic sole 12, chromites and melt transfer 12, 36, gabbro 39, 49, 159–173 263–277 and fluids, water-rich 13, 195–210 greenschist mantle Gachsaran Formation 345, 378, overprinting amphibolites Fizh block 229–246 399–412 159–173 harzburgites-dunite sequence Galilah Formation 22 greenschist facies 1, 4, 15, 33–36, 37, metamorphic sole 155 Garra barreimiae 37 155–175 Hasheer Member, carbonates 304, gas 260, 390, 399, 405 Gubbat Hashish 32 307, 311–320 Khuff Formation 389 Gulaialah Formation 377 Hasirah Formation 3 gas injection 398 Gulf of Aden 93–106, 361–365, HASV 61–88 gas and oil (representative ) reserves 369–372 Moho 61 364–367 Gulf of Aqaba 361 Hatat Formation 280, 328 gastropods 21 Guwayza Formation 11, 21, 32 Hatta half window 133–139, Gazella gazella 18 guyot 141–150 Gebel Formation 95 Triassic seamount 20 Haudramaut Arch 367, 376, 378 geochemical sequestration, carbon gypsum Haushi Group 2, 280, 377, 343–360 northern mountains 146–150 398, 434 geochemical typing, oil, reservoirs Haushi-Hygf Arch 304 382, 390–401 Habshan (clastic) Formation 3, 11, Hawasima Ocean 129 sources 380–381, 380–390 378, 396, 434 Hawasina geoconservation 4, 9–44 Hadash Formation 3, 280 nappes 2 thrust sheets 15, 25, 36, geodes 353 Hadbin leucocratic tonalite 109 40, 129–134 Geoparks, proposed 4, 17–40 Group 3 Hawasina Basin SSSIs 35–40 Hafit Anticline 35, 58 stratigraphy 11, 129–142 World Heritage Sites 11–17 Hagab thrust 16, 21–22 Hawasina complex 19, 325–328 Geotimes unit Hagil Window 16, 21 Hawasina Window pillow lavas VI 13, 14–15, 155, Ha’il-Rutbah Arch 400 folding 12, 21–22, 37, 133–139, 179, 188, 213 Haima 2, 25, 31 141–144, 156, 161 Gevanim Formation 393 Haima Supergroup 31, 280, 282, Hawf 305 Ghaba Salt Basin 2, 12, 25, 31, 377, 438 Haybi 143–150, 281–282, Hajar Mountains, Barzaman half window 133–139 298–299 Formation 343–360, 409 Haybi complex 11, 129, 131–132, Ghaba Salt domain digenisis samples 244 131–133, 143–150 reservoirs 420–426, 441–444 Hajar Supergroup 130–132, 137, Haybi thrust sheet 13–15, 21, 24, 35, Ghadir Manqil Formation 3, 280–281 327–328 156, 158–160, 168–169, Ghalilah Formation 20 Hajir Formation 280, 297 missing 40 Ghar Formation 399 Halal Formation Haybi Volcanics 11, 16,35 Gharif Formation 3, 14, 30, 280, lithostratigraphy 377 Hayim Formation 280 290–293, 411 halite see salt, evaporites Hayl Al Ghafar village 248 Ghashnah-Sanqah Thrust Sheet 149 Hall-Jauf Arch 367 Haylat Quwasim 281 Ghawar Field 394 Hallstatt facies 49 Hayma Group 11 Ghubrah Formation 280 Haluf 93–94, 94 Haymiliyah area 213–214 Ghudun Formation 3 Hamra Ad Dun Range 26 heavy oil 25, 30, 387, 397–399, 404 Ghudun High 409 Hamrat Duru Group Helmand block 45–59 Ghudun-Khasfah High 2 continental rise 129 Hemitragus jayakari reserve 13 Ghul 14 imbrciated pelagic limestones 21, Hercynian Unconformity 3, glacial sedimentation 5, 14–15, 279, 131–36, 144–147 368–369, 376 301, see also Al Khlata and nappe 131–36, 139, 143–150 Hess Deep Qishn Formations sub-ophilite metamorphic sole Galapagos 274 glaciation 26, 28, 363–370 35, 139 heterogenicity Golan-Galilee basalts 77 Hanifa Formation 3, 11, 377, Syrian basalts 77–80 Gondwana supercontinent 303, 395–396 high temperature granulites 35 366–372, 379 Haq al Quwasim highly refractory harzburgite zone see Gondwanan ice-sheets query 298 clastic glacial inlier 296, 297 HRH grain boundaries Haradh Formation 3 Hilti Massif 269 plagioclase 195–210 Harat Ash Sham volcanics see HASV Hinna Member, carbonate 305, grainstones 312–314, 317–319, 393, Harshiyat Formation 305 309–311, 318–320 396, 398 harzburgite 343–345, 355–358 Hirji Formation 328 granite gneiss 110–112, 116–117, harzburgite, highly refractory see Hith Formation 377, 394, 399–400 119–121 HRH Hjar Supergroup 328 INDEX 465

Hofuf Formation Jabal Quimah 138 Jebel Wahrah 150 lithostratigraphy 377 Jabel Al Arab mountains 62–63 Jebel Wasa 134 Homs 74, 88 jacupirangite 35 Jebel Wasia Formation 11 Hormuz Salt Basin 366–369, 409 jadeite 163, 207 Jeble Qara 305 Hormuz-Ara salt 31, 366 Jafnyan Formation 330 Jeza-Qamar basin 303–324 hornblende gabbro Jafr Basin 367 Jilh Formation 3, 377, 393 Sadh complex 111, 113–17, Jalan faults 58 Jissa 35 119–22 Jambur Field 397 Jubailah Formation 3, 11, 377, 393 hornblende gneisses 110–113 Jauf to Saq 377 Jufa 304 HRH zone Jawl-Marib Graben 367 Juffa complex 108, 108–110, Fizh block, melting 229–246 Jazirat 37–38 124–125 Huqf-Haushi axis 402 Jebal Hafit 14 Juzor Al Hallarkyyat 2 Huqf Jebel Akhbar 326 rudist reefs 4, 27, 30–31 Jebel Al Qamar and Rakhyut: K–Ar dating Huqf Arch 367 Mughsayl seacliffs (29) ages 73–75 Huqf boulder beds 296–297 15,34 methods 64–73 Huqf escarpment Jebel Al-Akhdar 4, 9, 37, 156 Khabbaz 397 alkaline laccoliths 3, 12, 28, 30 WHS GeoPark 12–15, 17–23, 40 kaersutite ultrabasics 35 Huqf Supergroup 280–282, 377, Jebel Ali 345 Kafron village 74 390, 409 Jebel Awaynah 131, 142 Kahmah Group 5, 13, see also Huwer-Fayyas Thrust Sheet 149 Jebel Fahud Thamama Group Hyaena hyaena 320 anticline 14, 25–26, 29 Kal’at Markab 74 hydrocarbon reservoirs Jebel Ghawi 134 Karim Formation 3 structural styles 5, 409–455 Jebel Ghawil exotics 14, 27, 36, 144 karst 38 hydrous fluids, chromite 271–273 Jebel Hafit fold and anticline 14, 36, Kazkdumi Formation 396 140, 144 Kedreh 346 IA 229–230 Jebel Hagab 22 Kenya 102–103 Ibra region 1–4, 13, 130, 331–330, Jebel Ja’alan 327 Khadrafi Member 305 335–340 Jebel Ja’alan basement 40 Khafji Formation 396 Idd el Shargi 395, 397 Haushi-Huqf uplift 11–12,40 Khafji-Safaniya Formation iddingsite-olivine 77 Jebel Ja’alan gneisses 2, 30, 107 lithostratigraphy 377 Idhen 346–347 Jebel Jizzi 144 Kharaib Formation 3, 13, 305 imbrication 146, 159–164 Jebel Khubayb 144 faulting 377, 452 Indian plate 303 Jebel Kwar exotics 12, 21–22, 23 khareef wind 33–34, 40 Infracambrian system 366–369 Jebel Madmar 16–17 Kharfot Formation initial arc magmatism Jebel Malaqat 144 304–305, 307 evolution 177–193 Jebel Mawq Kharus Formation 280, 328 integrated models fold thrust 12,37 Khawr Rawri estuary 34 faults 447–460 Jebel Milh Khida terrane 108, 110, 125 Interior Fold Belt 375–376 Hawasina Window 12, 22, Khufai Formation 30, 280, 389 Interior Sag 370–375 25, 149 Khuff Formation 3, 13, 262, 280, intermediate gneisses Jebel Misfah 19, 25 377, 411 Sadh complex 111, 113–117, Jebel Misht 12,20–21 and seals 399–401 119–122 Jebel Nakhl Khulan Formation 291 International Ocean Drilling culmination 326–329, 336–338 Khurais 394 Project 13 Jebel Qamar 305 Khursaniyah 394 interstial orthopyroxene 199–200 Jebel Qumayrah, Asjudi 16, 36, Khawr Ash Sharm 17, 22 inversion method, Pn-velocity 45–60 143–150 Khawr Ghubb 16 Iran, Central microplate, lithography Jebel Rais Khawr Habalayn 16 cold stable 46–58 deep fold thrust 12,37 kimberlites 12,39 Iran salt 363 Jebel Rastun Kirkuk Group 398 ironstone 285–286, 290, 290–293 fold thrust 12,36 Kopeh Dagh 46,50 Island Arc see IA Jebel Rawdah 138–139, 326–327 Kufai Limestone isoclinal folds 169 Jebel Safra 150 Semail Ophiolite GeoPark isotopic data Jebel Saiwan 30 11–13, 32 Neoproteroic 107–27 rudist reef 30 Kuhfai Dome 12,28 Izhara Formation 377 Jebel Saiwan, Haqf reef 2, 30–31 Kuhfai Formation 3 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Forearc 177 Jebel Sanham Kumzar village 20 Palaeogene limestones 13, 13, Kuria Muria (Al Halaniyat) Isles Ja’alan 327 33, 304 12,40 Jabal Al Machta 74 Jebel Shams 13, 15, 17 Kurra Chime 392–393 Jabal Al-Saidah 74 Jebel Sumeini 4, 129–136, 143–150 Kuwait 305 Jabal Dahq O’Tin 307 Jebel Sumeini north 12, 24, 27 Kwar Group 129–134 Jabal Qamar 304 Jebel Tuwaig 401 kyanite 164–168, 170 466 INDEX

Laffan Formation magma ascent pathways see Sumeini Marbat plains Proterozoic basement lithostratigraphy 377 Window and coastal marine 15, 34, lamprophyre dykes, Boumethra-Al magma genesis, Arabian Plate 61–91 40, 304–307, 378 Ashkirah 12,39 Syrian basalts 86–88 Marbat region nappe Marbat Hills, greenschist 110 magmatism see also Salalah area Lasail unit and subduction 6–7, 129–53, Marble Mountain 158, 162 pillow lavas 13, 155–156 155–75, 247–60 Margan Field 397 Last Glacial Maximum 31 inital arc evolution 177–93 Margin Sag (3) 374 lateral migration 384, petroleum 5, MTZ-VI 213–28 Margin-interior Sag (4) 374, 377 361–409 Oman Ophiolite 4, 155–75, Mariana 177, 189 laterite 331, 335, 338 177–93 Ma’rib-Hajar Basin 304 Lau back-arc spreading centre magnesium enrichment 247–60 marls 344 177, 188 magnesium silicates Marmul Field 397 lavas, pillow 15 dissolution 343–58 Marrat An Numan 74 timing 186, 188, 190 Magrgin Sag 369–73, 374 Marrat Formation 377, 393 layered gabbros Mahall Formation 11 Masafi region 157 Wadi Barghah 215–216 Mahall laeucocratic Gnt-Bt gneisses Masila Basin 318 layered sheets 14 108–109, 111, 123–125 Masirah Bay Formation 3, 280 Leckhwair Formation 11, 305 Mahatta Humaid Group 3 Masirah Island Ophiolite 2, 12,32 Leger granite 109, 125 Mahra region 304 Masirah Tranfer Fault 362 Lekhwair, Formation (clastic) 3, Mahwis 411 Masirah Trough 2, 304 377, 396 Mai’adin Formation 280–281 Matbat Formation 132, 133 High domain, structure 434–437, Majlis al-Jinn cave 2, 12, 21, 26 maturation variation 380 441–444 Makarem High domain Mauddud Formation 397–398 Lekhwair Area 2 structure 426–429, 441–444 lithostratigraphy 377 leucogranite dykes 35, 110 Makhazinas 281 Mawat ophiolite 397 Levant Fracture System 379 Makhibyah Mediterranean rifting 368–369 lherzolites shear zone dykes 266–275 Megalodon sp. 35 Fizh block 230–231 Makran, see also Eastern, Western melange light oil 388, 404 Makran ophilite base 36 limestones subduction zone 4, 45–60 melt depletion reservoir modelling 447–458 Makulla Formation 305, 318 obduction 5, 229–246 Limicolaria 93–106 Manifa zone 394 melt transfer lithistratigraphy, Manta birostris 17 harzburgite 5, 263–278 Oman 3, 14 mantle melting lithofacies composition sources 254–259 flux 195–210, 229–246 Qahlah Formation 328–335 crystal evolution 5, 12, 45–60, oceanic mantle 229–246 lithology 247–262 tholeiitic-boninitic 179, 189–190 Qishn Formation carbonates upper 4, 45–60 lithospheric mantle, HRH, Fizh 310–319 upwelling 214 block 229–246 lithosphere-asthenosphere mantle and crust 35 north and Central Oman 57–59 and variance 268–275 mantle harztburgites 36 partial 4, 11, 195–210 boundary Syria 61–65 mantle lithology Mercolli locations 108, 109 lithospheric decompression, velocity, Mesozic compressive structures HASV 85–88 and temperature 45–60 411, 412 lithostratographic zones mantle plumes 62 meta-basic eclogite basalt sills see As anisotrophic Arabia-Zagros mantle remelting theory 213 Sifah 45–60 mantle rheology 46–59 meta-chert 161–162 Loftuisa-bearing limestone 331–332, mantle velocities metamorphic sole 1, 15, 334, 336 Eastern Makran 45–60 129–131, 230 Lower Cretacous, basin-filling Western Makran 45–60 and obduction processes 155–173 303–324 Maqsad diapir 264–266 temperatures 163–173 ophiolite 11 Maradi Fault 58, 434–437 metamorphism, retrogressive Lut block Marbat 159–164 overiding 3–59, 4, 45–59, 260 granodiorite 108–109, 110, timing, amphibolite 40 LV2 lavas 178–180, 182–193 116–120, 123–127 metasomatized garnet peridotite Neoproterozoic evolution 2, 12, 40, mantle source 81 Mabrouk Formation 3 108–128 metasomatism in ascent 40 Machta Al-hello 15 palaeohigh carbonates 5, 39, metasomic fluids 158–173 Madhah granultite sole 12,35 303–324 Mid-Ocean Ridge see MOR Madruj 15 Marbat Hills Mid-Ocean-Ridge Basalt 213 mafic crustal sources 254–5, evolution ages 108–128 migration, oil 376–400, 401, 404 257–258 Marbat palaeohigh basin margin petroleum 5, 361–408 Mafraq Formation 3, 11 303–324 Minjur Formation 3, 377 INDEX 467

Miocene collisions 62 Neoproterozoic, ages, evolution olivine gabbro melting Miqrat/Mahwis Formation 3 107–127 water-rich fluids 4, 195–212 Mirbat 2 diachronus collision Africa- olivines Mirbat Group 306 Nubian shield 107, 110 Fo levels, wehrlites 226 Misfar Group 3, 13, 395 evolution, Marbat 107–127 olvine-clinopyroxene peridotite see Mishrif Formation lithostratigraphy isotopic data 107–127 wehrlite 377, 398 Marbat Hills ages 107–127 Oman exotics 12,20–21 Mistal Formation 328 rhyolitic volcanics 31 Oman Mountains 367 Moho 14, 36, 155, 229–230 Neotethys Geoparks 12,16–34 HASV 61 rift shoulder 279–310 Oman Ophiolite, age 11, arc stage 2, Moho Transition Zone, Wadi Neotethys Ocean 303, 366, 368–371, 177–193 Barghah 213–225, see also 379 emplacement 57, 213–228 MTZ subduction 45–58, 62 section 14,35–36 MOIB 155 Nimr Field 399 see also Fizh block partial melting, molluscs, non-marine and upift Nimr Group 3, 31, 411 wehrlitic intrusion, harz- 93–106 130 burgite, plagiogranites, MOR 263–278, see also Mid-Ocean nodules chromites, Semail Ridge cauliflower 352, 353 Ophiolite Mqam Formation 11 North Haudramout Arch 304, 318 Oman Region 377 MTZ chromites 263–278 Northern Arabian Plate opening, Red Sea 61, 93–106 MTZ-VI magmatism 213–228 tectonic styles 61–91 ophiolite Muaydin Formation 328 Northern Iraq and Iran 384 emplacement 36 Muhayil granite 110 Northern Oman Mountains, Foreland exposures 31–35 Murbat Group 304, 306 and wedge 139–150 Pn velocities maps 46–56 Murray Fault Zone 46–56, 258 structure 129–153 section Wadi Abiad 36–37 Musandam Nubian Shield 108 ophiolites Hajar supergroup 130 Nubian–Arabian Shield 379 erosion and deposition 343–360 , WHS, obduction processes 57, Geopark and Marine Park obduction 369, 371–372 155–175 2,4,12–13, 15–16, melt depletion 5, 35, 229–246 ophiolitic melange 19–20, 40, 50–54, 156 harzburgites 5, 35, 229–246, Asjudi 36 Muscat Island 2, 12,38 263–277 Orbitolina 397–399 Muscat-Ibra transect 1–2 Oman Ophilite 4, 129–153 orbitolinids, Qishn Formation Muti Formation 11, 327 Semail Ophiolite 129–132, 170, 308–310, 312–315, 318 mylonites 15 325–341 Ornach-Nal fault zone 46 Fizh block 230 obduction processes orthopyroxenite 230 Wadi Zabin 230–232 metamorphic sole 4, 17–21, 35, Oryz leucoryx reserve 9, 40 155–175 overprinting 246 Nabitah 108 ocean islands ultrabasics 36 Owen Fracture Zone 361–362, 367 Nafun Group 3, 434–437 oceanic crust, new 367 Nahr Umr Formation 3, 305, 377, oceanic lithosphere Pabdeh Basin 129–132, 377, 399 396–397, 400, 411, Eastern Makran 57–59 packstones 312–314, 317–319, 393, 449–452 oceanic mantle 395, 396–398 oil seeps 28 flux melting 229–246 pahoehoe LV2 lavas 178–181 Najd Fault System 363, 364–368, Ohawar Axis 367 Palaeogene 376 oil molluscs 22, 93–106 Nakhl-Rustaq block 37 see also heavy oil, light oil volcanism and mantle anisotrophy nappe stacking 2, 129–132, oil and gas fields (representative) 45–60 325–328, 373 reserves 363–366 Palaeothethys carbonates 370 nappes 2, 36, 40 oil migration 387–399 Palaeozic structures Semail 4, 325–338 oil quality, reservoirs 390–399 salt down-load and rifting 411 Natih Formation 3, 14, 25, 305, PrePermian 390–392 paleao-ridge axis variability, partial 377, 398, 411, Triassic 392–392 melting 229 447–456, 458 Jurassic 393–395 palaeohigh carbonates Natih Uma Formation Cretaceous 395–398 Marbat 5, 303–323 faults 3, 11, 16 Tertiary 398–399 Palmyride fold belt 61–65, 88 Nayid Formation oil-fields inverted rift 62, 63–64 shelf edge limestones 11, 21, distribution and characteristics palygorskite/sepiolite mudstone 37, 132 379–384 351–358 Neo-Tethys Ocean 45, 379 Oligiocene, Late palynomorphs Neogene Red Sea Rift 61 Australian 288–291 alkaline and subalkaline basalts, Uncomformity 3 Permo-Carboniferous 280, Syria 68–73 uplift African non-marine snails 282–297 Neogene Sediments 345 93–106 Panthera pardus 11, 17, 33 468 INDEX paragenesis pressure Ras Jibsh ophiolite 12,32 late, in amphiboles 195–212 granulites 165–168 Ras Jinz 40 partial melting prophyroclasic structure 230 Ras Madrakah chromitic pods 263–277 Prosopis cineraria 28 headland basement 32 crustal evolution 254–255, Pseudoglessula 93–106 ophiolite 32, 32 256–258 Ras Masirah ophiolite 12,32 Fizh block and TTG 195–212 Qahlah Formation 5, 143, 325–339 Ras Sharwayn 304 initial arc 177–193 clast composition 336–336 Rawdah 325, 326, 327 oceanic spreading centre gabbro depositional troughs 335–344, Rayda Formation 1, 3, 377 195–210 338–340 Red Sea paleao-ridge axis variability 229 lithofacies 328–335 opening 44, 61–88, 93–106, Syria 61, 80–86, 88 Qahlat Formation 143 361–363, 371–372 pelagic sediments 15 Qalhat 314, 325, 335–336, 336–338 REE content peloidal–oolitic packstone Qamar Group 305 plagiogranites 248, 251–260 393–395, 398 Qantab village 38 reef fossils 38 peridotite, garnet and spinel 26, Qarat al Milh: Qarat Kibrit salt domes Reefal limestone 17, 32, 395 230–243 12,31 reserves 363–366 peridotites-gabbro 14, 35, Qarat Kibrit, salt domes 12,31 reservoir modelling 5, 447–460 157–161, 213 Qarn Alam field 30 limestones 447–458 Permian Qarn Mahatta Humaid Reservoir Rocks 382, 390–399, 404 Gharif Sandstone 292, 293 mesa and cuesta 31 reservoirs Late 20, 46, 159, 294, 370, 371, Qarn Sahmah Central Oman High domain 388, 389 boulder beds 296–298 419–421 Khuff Formation 280, 392, 389, salt dome 2, 30–31, 281, 282 Ghaba salt domain 421–426 391 Qasion Mountain 63 in Oman, structural styles 409–445 Permian Limestone, Qatar 282, 377 Rhinodon typus 16 Wadi Barr Kharus, Qatar-Fars Arch 367 rhyolites 32 Sayq Formation 13–15 Qishn Formation and sea levels 321 ridge-spreading 4–5, 15, 32, Permian, Middle, biostratigraphy 321 129–446, 213, 263–275 unconformity 13, 17 coastal variation 303–324 Risha Basin 367 Permian sheet carbonates 13 conglomerates and carbonates Rodina Permo-Triassic, Saih Hatat Bowl 303–324 break-up 107, 127 18, 23 Dhofar 5, 303–324 rotational techonics 86–108 petroleum systems 5, 361–407 Qishn-Kharfot unconformity 321 Rub-Al-Khali Basin 24, 31–32, petrology 4, 177–273 Qitqawt Formation 304–305 34–35, 304, 364, 401 PGE 230 Qualhat 327 rudists 4, 21, 29, 30, 375, 396–398 Phaethon aethereus 37 Qualhat fault 56, 107 rudstones 309, 309, 321 Pila freshwater sp. 93–106 Quara Mountains 2 Rumailia Formation pillow lavas 13, 33 quartzite boudins 161–62, 168 lithostratigraphy 377 initial arc, LV2 178, 179–190 Quasaro depression 65 Rus Formation 3, 345, 377 Lasail unit 13, 155–6, 170 Quiescent Period 373, 376 Rusayl 325–326, 331–342, 335–338 plagioclase Qulat al-Hosen 73 Rutbah uplift 62 grain boundaries 195–210 Qulqula ophiolite 397 secondary Sr ratio 201–210 Qumayrah Group 11, 36, Sabkha, Umm al-Sammim 28, plagiogranites 143–150 see also Bar al-Hikman Oman Ophilite 4, 247–261 Quriat 37 Sadh 304, 305 plate boundaries 155, 379 calc-alkaline gneiss complex anomalies 55,56–59 Radhuma Formation 406 107–114, 116–117, Arabian-Eurasia 45–60 radiolarian spores 179, 373 120–127 plate separation Rahab Shale, varves 282 Safaniyah Formation 397 rate 62 Rakhyut 305 Safiq Formation 394 platinum group of elements Ramlat Barik, Rub al Khali National Safiq Group 3 see PGE Park, dunes 12, 30,31 Saharonim Formation 394 Pn velocity anomaly 2,4,45–60 Ramlat Fasad and Wadi Mitan, Sahmah Formation 3 polo chromite 36, 36 Dhofar barchan dunes Sahtan ‘bowl’ 15, 19 porosity and permeability 393–399 13,35 Sahtan Group 3, 13 passim ramp 376, 457 Saih Hatat 17–20, 23, 281, 297, 325, porphyroclastic microstructures 230 Ras Ruways 26 326 post obduction 325–340 Rare Earth elements patterns 75 dome, 326, 327-328 post-obduction uplift Ras al Hamra 26, 37 Saih Nihayda field 31 deposition 325–340 Ras al Jinz 9 Saih Rawl Field 394 post-uplift Zagros orogeny 325–341, Ras al Khaimah 18 Saiq Formation 11, 17–18, 280–291 343–360 Ras Hallah 22,23 Saiq Plateau 14 Precambrian structures 409–411 Ras Jibsch 26 Saiwan 26, 28 INDEX 469

Salahi (Hilti) mantle section sheeted dykes spreading surfaces 156 213–228, 230 and water-rich fluid migration spreading-compressing Salakh Arch 326 195–212 tectonic inversion 226–227 Salalah 2, 305 complex 13–14, 15, 32–41, 215 stacking thrust sheets 130–134 Salil Formation 3, 11, 378 shelf carbonates 385–400, 405 Stenella longirostsis 37 salinity in diagenesis 356 Jebel Ja’alan 14,40 Straits of Hormuz 16, 22 Salmah Formation 3 missing 146 stratigraphy Salmah Plateau caves 21 Musandaum 15–16, 17, 20 Hawasina Basin 13 salt, demain structures 30–34, Wadi Mu’aydeem 14,15 Haybi Tranch 13 412–419, 421–430 shelf slope Shelf Slope 11 Palaeozoic rifting and stratigraphy 11, 373 stress regimes 434 structures 411 shelf stability 370–372, 401 striated glacial pavement 30 structures 400–404 Shiba Ridge 367 strike-slip faults 57, 62, 377, see also evaporites Shilaif Formation 434–437 salt-dome province 31, 401 lithostratigraphy 377 stringers 392 Samham Formation 308–309 Shinas 12 stromatolites 27, 31, 32 Samoan mantle plume 177 Shisur 34 structural control Sanandaj Sirjan microplate, cold Shiyah gorge 157–162 chromite deposits 263–274 stability 45–59 Shu’aiba Formation (clastic) 5, 13, structural styles sandbox integrated fault models 305, 313, 377 carbonate rocks 5, 409–455 447–460 structures 398–400, 411, 434, reservoirs in Oman 409–445 Sarfait Member 305 435–437, 449, 450–454 structure Sarvak Formation 396 Shuram Formation 5, 30, 280 Fahud Salt Basin domain Say’un Massila Basin 304 Shuwaymyah 305 429–434, 435 sea levels 371, 376 Sidr Formation 132 Lekhwair High domain 434–437 Qishn Formation 318–322 Sidh banded gneises 109 Makarem high domain 426–429 sea-floor spreading 370–372 Sid’r Formation 13, 143 metamorphic sole 14, 129–153 seals see Cap Rocks Sifah eclogites 3 northern Oman Mountains seamounts 15 Siji 346 129–153 sedimentary and Hydrocarbon silica geodes 34 structures systems 5, 279–462 silicified serpentine 347–349 accretion 409–411 Semail Ophiolite 155–175 SIMS (secondary ion mass subduction 4–5, 21, 129–153, emplacement 36, 325 spectrometry) 107 155–175, 247–260, 370 foreland basin 325–338 Sint syncline peridotites 21 Alley unit 213 structure 129–153 Simsima Formation 3, 21, 305, 336, and magmatism 4–5, 129–153, WHS 2,4,10–13, 16, 25, 37, 39 337–338, 345, 377 155–175, 247–260 see also Oman Ophiolite Sistan suture zone 45–59 and spreading axis/ridge debate Semail thrust plane 14, 25, 37, Sites of Special Scientific Interest 229–230 133–137, 138, 158, 35–40 Eastern Makran 57–59 159–173 Sith Nihayda Formation 3 Semail Ophiolite 129–153, sequestration, carbon in ultramafics 1, Saiwan well site 28 155–175 343–360 Skolithos 294 Wadi Bidi LV2 wedge 179–180, serpentine 231 smectite 349 188–190 serpentinite matrix 36, 130–133 snails 22, 27, 93–106 subduction zone serpentinization 1, 343–360 non-marine species 104 fractionation 156 Shaat dyke 110, 125 Snake Canyon 15, Sudair Formation 3, 378 Shab Nakhad 281 see also Wadi Bimmah Sulaiy Formation 378 Shabon Member 305–309, 318, Sohar 3, 12 sulphur 35, 390 319, 321 source rocks 379, 380, 384–390, 404 Sumeinah (Aruma) basin 129–134 lithofacies Lf-S1–5, South Oman Salt Basin 2, 281–290, Sumeini Group 11, 21, 129–134 304–307, 308 397–400, domain, struc- Sumeini half window 133–135, Shabwa Graben 364 tures 410, 412–419, 435 138–139 shamal 31 South Oman Sedimentary Basin 304 Sumeini Window Shammar Shale 437 southern Oman Mountains Banded Ultramafic Unit 130, Sharwayn Formation 304–305 Geoparks 15 131–141, 159, 161–162 shear zone spinel, chromite see chromite spinel, metamorphic sole 14, 24, 27, 34, Wadi Ramjmi 230–231, variance 230, 266–71 129–153, 155–162 268–269 sponges 38 Sumeniah anticline 58, 134–139 Wadi Zabin 230–231 spreading axis-subduction/ridge Sumer Fault 149 shear zones debate 229–230 Sumer-Milh Thrust Sheet 149 mantle 266–268 spreading centres Suneinah (Aruma) foreland basin 139 sheath folds 18, 23–25 grain boundaries 195–212 supersaturation 356–358 sheet flows spreading ridge supra-subduction 4, 15, lobate 179–180, 181, 190 fore-arc basalt 177–9, 187–190 155–175, 263 470 INDEX

Sur 39, 58, 321–328 Tiwi village 39 evolution of initial arc 177–193 surface area in diagenesis 356 tomography inversion and anomalies Oman Ophiolite 11, 177–193 suture lines 49–55 anomalies 46–56 Tonalite Group 109–110 wackestones 312–313, 314, 317, 390 Syria Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite Wadi Abiad tectonics 61–88 see TTG ophiolite section 37 Syrian Arc 63 Tonga Ridge 177, 188 Wadi Ahin 13–14, 16,36 Syrian basalts trace elements Wadi Ajiran 136 crustal contamination 77–80 continental crust 259 Wadi Abyad 36–37 extension 86–88 transition Wadi al Arabiyin fractional crystallization gabbro-sheeted dykes, fluid clastics 281, 294, 295 77–79, 80 migration 195–210 Wadi al Ayn 19, 25 heterogenicity 77–10 transpressional faults 58, 62 Wadi al Fay 138 partial melting 80–86 reactivated, Cenozoic 411, 412 Wadi Al Jizzi 21–22, 16,43–44 tectonic controls 86–88 transtensional regime 434–437 Wadi Al Khlata glacial depoists 14, Syrian graben and basin 367 Traps 397, 400–404 28, 30 travertine veins 356 Wadi Amdeh 279, 281, 293–297 Tabuk Basin 367, 400 tree trunks Wadi Andan 26–27 Tabut Formation 305 Permian 28, 30 Wadi ath Thuqhah 189 Taqa Formation 3 Trench 15,20 Wadi Bani Awf 15–16, 17 Taqah 305, see also Wadi Darbat Triassic fields Wadi Bani Khalid 22, 428 tar 392 dolomite 392–393 Wadi Bani Kharus 15 Taurus-Zagros Crush Zone 6, 361, trondhjemites 195 Wadi Bani Umayri 28 367, 369, 370–371 U-Pb dating 11, 15, 156–157 Wadi Barghah Tawi Atair sinkhole birds Tropidophera sp. 93–105 harzburgite-dunite-plagioclase blind fish 13,34 TTG 247–248 wehrlite 213–228 Tawny Dolomite 280 Turonian Uncomformity 3 Wadi Barghah to Salahi Tayin valley, floods 39 Tursiops truncatus 37 wehrlitic intrusions 213–228 tectonic Tuwaig Mountains 3, 377 Wadi Barr Kharus controls Syrian basalts 86–88 Sayq Formation inversion, pression-spreading U-Pb zircon, ages, initial arc 179 Wadi Bidi 226–227 dating 11, 12, 17, 39, 40 magnetism and volcanism 4, setting, tial arc constraints Marbat Hills 107–127 177–193 177–193 metamorphic sole 169–173 Wadi Bimmah 14, see also Snake styles, northern Arabian Plate UAE 377 Canyon 61–91 carbon dioxide sequestration Wadi Daiqa 279–299 tectonics 2, 4, 45–175 343–360 Wadi Darbat 93–105 Tel Kaokab 76 Ubar lost city 35 non-marine molluscs 93–105 temperature ultramafic hydration 343–360 Wadi Darbat travertine waterfall digenesis ultramafics 355 ultramafics 28, 35 birds 13,34 metamorphic sole 163–173 Umbaranf Member 305 Wadi Daykah shelf carbonates 39 shearing 199 Umm al-Sammim sabkha 12,25 Wadi Fatah 147 terrane boundaries 58 Umm er Radhuma Formation 3, 25, Wadi Hajir 15 terrestial fossils 333 143, 377 Wadi Halfayn 28 Tethyan ocean 371, 373–377 aquifer 28, 29 Wadi Hamiliya island below Semail Ophiolite Umr Group 129–134 dykes 249–259 20, 36 Unayzah Formation 377 Wadi Hatta 129–132, 135, 136 3D fault models 447–460 Unayzah glacio-fluvial 297–298 Wadi Hedk 15 Thamama Group 139, 396, see also Unconformities 3, 21, 139, 143, 144, Wadi Hilti 178, 179 Kahmah Group 320–322, 411 Wadi Jizzi 4, 13, 16, 36, 189 Thammama and Shu’aiba United Emirates see UAE Wadi Khubayb 129–132, Formations 20 unsaturated vodose 354–355 134–135 Thammama Formation 305 Uwainat Member 395 Wadi Ma’aidin 279, 281 Thaytiniti 93 upper mantle 13 Wadi Makhibiyah shear zone diapirs thrombolites 31 Uthmaniyah Field 394 and dykes 267–268 thrust slices 371 Wadi Mayh sheath folds 4, 12, 20, thrust stack 129–153 V/Ni 380 23–24 thrusts V1 lavas 178, 225 Wadi Mijlas 281, 297 Musandam 20 V2 lavas 178, 180–185, 213, 225 Wadi Milh 149 Thuqbah 214–226 V3 188–190, 213 Wadi Mistal 13, 17 tills 30 volcanics Wadi Mitan 34,34 tilting Haybi OIB 11 Wadi Mu’aydeem Tertiary 16 volcanism, alkaline shelf carbonates 12–15 Tithonian Unconformity 3 north Oman 57–59 Wadi Nakhr 13, 17 INDEX 471

Wadi Rajimi 195–210 Wahiba sands 23–25 xenoliths 61 ophiolite 35, 12, 36, 264–273 Wahiba Sands (Al Sharquiya Sands) shear zone 230–231 12, 23, 26–28, 29 Yalooni Oryz reserve 9, 40 Wadi Rum 21 Wahrah Formation 11,39 Yamama Formation 396 Wadi Sahtan 13, 15 Al Asseelah Beach pipe 39 Yamama Formation 377 Wadi Salahi 13, 35, 213–226 Wasia Group 3, 25, 139, 305, 377 Yankul Exotics 11 Wadi Sarhan 63,65 water-rich fluids Yasab 15 Wadi Serin 11, 40 olivine gabbro melting 4, 195–210 Yemeni-Ehthiopian flood basalt Wadi Shiyah 134 water-rich fluids migration plateau 61–63 Wadi Shukayah 147 oceanic gabbro 195–210 Yibal 24 Wadi Shuram giant stromatolites water-rich gabbro reaction 195–197 Yiti 37 12,27 wehrlitic intrusions Wadi Shuwaymiyah 13,32 Wadi Barghah to Salahi 4–5, Zagros collision zones 4, Wadi Siderat 143, 147 14–15, 35, 37, 213–228 45–60, 129, 150, Wadi Tanuf 13, 17 composition 216–225 366–371 Wadi Tayyin 11, 155–175, depletion 225–227 Zagros Fold Belt 36, 398–404 265–266 diapir 225–227 Zagros orogeny 15, 325–341, metamorphic sole, Green Pool 12, Western arc terranes 108, 110 343–360, 361–367, 39, 49, 157, 159–173 Western Deformation Front 4, 369–372 Wadi Umayri 28 434–437 Zalumah Formation 93–105 Wadi Wasa 134 Western Makran Zendan Fault 362 Wadi Zabin hot mantle collision 57 zircon analysis mylonites 228 western margin 4, 61–91, 93–105 Marbat Hills 107–127, see also shear zone 230–232 whaleback 35 ages, U-Pb Wadi-Lisail Salt Centre 149 wild life 9, 11, 17, 33–37 Zubair Shales 396 Wadis Sumer 149 Wiyan Basin 367, 400 Zulla Formation 11, 21, 26 Wafra Field 398 World Heritage Sites 9–16, 40 Zuluf Field 369