DOCSLIB.ORG

Tttthe Uuuuntold Ttttruth Aaaabout Ccccancer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tttthe Uuuuntold Ttttruth Aaaabout Ccccancer TTHHEE UUNNTTOOLLDD TTRRUUTTHH AABBOOUUTT CCAANNCCEERR he word "cancer" is of Latin derivation and means "crab". Today, cancer "cure" is a vast industry. But by the turn of the 20th century, the medical profession had come to the conclusion that it was not a Tmatter of whether infectious disease caused cancer, but of which one. For over 200 years, a cancer germ had been discovered and rediscovered, named and renamed, each scientist adding to the knowledge but to no avail. The US medical Then, in 1910, certain American medical powers did a 180-degree rotation, deciding that cancer was not caused by a microbe and that anyone who establishment once thought otherwise was a heretic, a charlatan or a quack. accepted a microbial Dr Virginia Wuerthele-Caspe Livingston and her network were none of the above, their meticulous peer-reviewed research and publications produced cause of cancer, at the height of US post–World War II technology. Dr Dean Burk, who co- founded the US National Cancer Institute and headed its cell chemistry but in 1910 it did an department for 34 years, went so far as to say that Livingston's cancer germ about-face and from was as real and certain as anything known about cancer. Researcher Dr Alan Cantwell, Jr, grew up thinking that all germs responsible for the important thereon refused to diseases were supposed to have been discovered already. But much to his accept the validity of dismay, he found one that had been left out: the cancer germ. Cantwell knew that Livingston had already been branded by the medical orthodoxy for scientific studies that finding this cancer germ—thus, what he thought to be perhaps the major discovery of the 20th century was left largely discredited. proved the existence The striking analogy between cancer and tuberculosis (TB) was noticed of a cancer germ. long before the tubercle bacillus was discovered. In 1877, Sir John Simon clearly pointed out the similarity and in fact argued very strongly in favour of a microbial mycobacterial origin for cancer. Since then, literally thousands of articles and texts have shown malignant changes to spring from tuberculous infection. But Sir John's vindication would have to wait for Part 1 of 2 Livingston's germ which, although tuberculosis-like, was not tuberculosis but an atypical form of this mycobacterium, melded from the mycobacterium and other related Actinomycetales. Had medical science, and the powers that be, spent as much time in investigating and destroying Livingston's germ as they did in attacking her and those around her, cancer might be curable today. by Lawrence Broxmeyer, MD Hodgkin's cancer Under attack © 2009 When Virginia Livingston was a student at Bellevue Medical College in The N. Y. Institute of Medical New York City, her pathology teacher mentioned rather disparagingly that Research, New York, USA there was a woman pathologist at Cornell University who thought Hodgkin's 1 Email: nyinstituteofmedical disease (a form of glandular cancer) was caused by fowl tuberculosis. This [email protected] pathologist had published, but no one had confirmed her findings. Website: Afterwards, Livingston compared slides of the two diseases. In Hodgkin's, http://drbroxmeyer.netfirms.com/ the giant multinucleated cells were called Reed–Sternberg cells and were similar to the giant cells of tuberculosis which formed to engulf the tubercle DECEMBER 2009 – JANUARY 2010 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 35 bacilli. Livingston stored away in her memory that this and Much5 held, as did L'Esperance, that it was caused by pathologist—Dr Elise L'Esperance—was probably right a peculiar form of tuberculosis, such as fowl tuberculosis, but would have a difficult time gaining acceptance for and debate over the infectious cause of Hodgkin's waxed her findings. the hottest of all the cancers. By 1931, L'Esperance was seeing "acid fast" Into this arena L'Esperance stepped in 1931, with few tuberculosis-like bacteria riddling her Hodgkin's cancer listening. Her article "Studies in Hodgkin's Disease" was tissue samples. That germ, once injected into guinea published in Annals of Surgery.6 It proved to be the one pigs, caused them to come down with Hodgkin's, too, legacy that no one, not even Ewing (who would soon die fulfilling Koch's postulates. She brought her stained from a self-diagnosed cancer), could take away. slides to former teacher and prominent Cornell cancer pathologist Dr James Ewing, "the father of oncology". He Dr Virginia Livingston and cancer's trUe caUse initially confirmed that her tissue slides indeed showed Our [cancer] cultures were scrutinized over and over again. Hodgkin's. But when he found out that her samples Strains were sent to many laboratories for identification. None came through guinea pig inoculation with fowl could really classify them. They were something unknown. tuberculosis which she had found in humans with They had many forms but they always grew up again to be the Hodgkin's, Ewing, visibly upset, said that the slide same thing no matter how they were cultured. They resembled samples then could not be cancer. the mycobacteria more than anything else. The tubercle bacillus This reaction betrayed his chequered history as a high- is a mycobacterium or fungoid bacillus. placed medical politician. In – Virginia Livingston, 19727 1907, you could have approached Dr James Ewing Virginia Wuerthele-Caspe about a cancer germ and he Livingston was born in 1906 in would have embraced you over By 1931, L'Esperance was Meadville, Pennsylvania, and it. Was it not Ewing who at one seeing "acid fast" went on to obtain impeccable time had proclaimed that credentials. Graduating from tuberculosis followed Hodgkin's tUbercUlosis-like bacteria Vassar College, she received her cancer "like a shadow"? riddling her Hodgkin's MD degree from New York But a few years later, Ewing University. The first female sent a sword through the heart cancer tissUe samples. medical resident ever in New of an infectious cause of cancer York City, in time Livingston with Neoplastic Diseases,2 becoming became a school physician in an ambitious zealot for radiation Newark, New Jersey, where one therapy with the directorship of what would one day day a staff nurse asked for medical assistance. become the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center The nurse had already been diagnosed with Raynaud's squarely on his mind. His entry lay in the hands of syndrome: the tips of her fingers were ulcerated and bled prominent philanthropist James Douglas. A vote for intermittently. Livingston diagnosed scleroderma, but Ewing, Douglas knew, was a vote for continued radiation upon further examination she noticed a hole in the nasal and so Douglas began sizeable uranium extraction septum, something she had seen previously in the operations from Colorado mines through his company, mycobacterial diseases TB and leprosy. Phelps Dodge, Inc.3 So Livingston approached dermatologist Dr Eva Soon, Sloan's predecessor became known as a radium Brodkin and New Jersey pathologist Dr Roy Allen for hospital and went from an institution with a census of confirmation, all the while convinced that mycobacterial less than 15 per cent of cancer patients—separated by infection was causing the scleroderma. She then partition, lest their disease spread to others—to a performed cultures from a sterile nasal swab, and veritable cancer centre. But the very history of radiation mycobacteria appeared everywhere. When she injected revealed its flaws: by the early 1900s, nearly 100 cases of the mycobacteria into experimental chicks and guinea leukaemia had been documented in radium recipients, pigs, all but a couple died. During the autopsies, and not long thereafter it was determined that Livingston observed that the guinea pigs had indeed approximately 100 radiologists had contracted that developed the hardened skin patches of scleroderma... cancer due to radium exposure.4 Still, Ewing, by now an some of which were cancerous.8 honorary member of the American Radium Society, Livingston, now possessed, solicited fresh sterile persisted. specimens of cancer from any operating room that would Elise L'Esperance was anything but alone in linking give them to her. All cancer tissues yielded the same Hodgkin's to a germ called fowl tuberculosis. acid-fast mycobacteria. Allen confirmed her findings. Historically, Dr Carl Sternberg himself, co-discoverer of Livingston then found that she could actually Hodgkin's trademark Reed–Sternberg cell, believed that differentiate malignant from benign tissues by their Hodgkin's was caused by tuberculosis. Both Fraenkel tuberculous mycobacterial content.9 36 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com DECEMBER 2009 – JANUARY 2010 But still the explanation for why the cancer germ tuberculosis that passed through a filter caused showed so many different forms was elusive. Hodgkin's cancer.10 This was subsequently supported in Virginia Livingston tried as she might, but part of her studies by Beinhauer, Mellon and Fisher.11, 12 Mellon problem in obtaining an American validation of her prophetically warned that tuberculosis could assume multi-shaped cancer germ lay firmly entrenched in the both its characteristic red acid-fast forms as well as its history of medicine, especially in the constantly changing blue nonacid-fast forms, indistinguishable from common field of microbiology. Louis Pasteur could handle being germs such as staphylococci, fungi and corynebacteria, quickly rushed off a Paris Academy of Sciences podium to and that this would surely perplex modern escape harsh reaction to his suggestion that children's microbiologists. milk be boiled first before drinking, but he could not When the American medical establishment chose to tolerate his rival Antoine Béchamp's statement that a ignore these studies, Alexander-Jackson warned that a so- single bacterium could assume many, many forms. called cure for TB could be short-lived, as classical TB However, on his deathbed, Pasteur apparently changed rods, for the moment gone underground as a nonacid- his mind when he said "The terrain is everything"— fast form, could resurface one day and spring back meaning that the culture or milieu which the bacteria towards destruction.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United States Patent (19) 11 4,410,510 Livingston-Wheeler Et Al
    United States Patent (19) 11 4,410,510 Livingston-Wheeler et al. 45) Oct. 18, 1983 (54) METHOD FOR PREPARING A PURIFIED EXTRACTION RESIDUE FRACTION AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS ITS USE IN STIMULATING THE IMMUNE Livingston et al., Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 36, p. 569 RESPONSE (1974). Cohen et al., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med., vol. 152, 75) Inventors: Virginia Livingston-Wheeler, 84.92 pp. 408-410 (1976). Prestwick Dr., La Jolla, Calif. 92037; Maruo et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 76, pp. John J. Majnarich, Mercer Island, 6622-6626, 1979. Wash. Acevedo et al., Cancer, vol. 41, pp. 1217-1229, 1978. 73) Assignee: Virginia Livingston-Wheeler, San Acevedo et al., Infection and Immunity, vol. 24, pp. Diego, Calif. 920–924, 1979. Primary Examiner-Blondel Hazel (21) Appl. No.: 255,678 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Seed and Berry 22 Filed: Apr. 20, 1981 57 ABSTRACT A method is disclosed for preparing a purified extrac Related U.S. Application Data tion residue fraction (antigen) of a microorganism iso lated from the blood or urine of a warm-blooded animal I63 Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 128,919, Mar. 10, or tumor carried by a warm-blooded animal, the micro 1980, abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. organism having the capacity to synthesize the polypep 957,206, Nov. 3, 1978, abandoned. tide hormone known as "chorionic gonadotropin' in its total form or in its alpha and beta subunits. The purified 51 Int. Cl.......................... A61K 39/02; C12N 1/20 extraction residue fraction is an activator and modula 52 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Alan Cantwell Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2s2033zz No online items Finding aid of the Alan Cantwell Papers Mor Fleisher-Leach ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives 909 West Adams Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007 Phone: (213) 741-0094 Fax: (213) 741-0220 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.onearchives.org © 2009 ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives. All rights reserved. Finding aid of the Alan Cantwell Coll2009-008 1 Papers Finding aid of the Alan Cantwell Papers Collection number: Coll2009-008 ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives Los Angeles, California Processed by: Mor Fleisher-Leach Date Completed: August 31, 2009 Encoded by: Mor Fleisher-Leach © 2009 ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Alan Cantwell papers Dates: 1957-2008 Collection number: Coll2009-008 Creator: Cantwell, Alan, 1934- Collection Size: 2 records boxes + 3 archive cartons + 1 archive half-carton (4.0 linear feet). Repository: ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives. Los Angeles, California 90007 Abstract: Correspondence, articles, books, clippings, ephemera and audiovisual materials collected and created by Alan Cantwell during the course of his research relating to the theory that the AIDS epidemic is a man-made creation, its link to cancer bacteria, and the Hepatitis B experiments conducted on gay men from 1978-1981. The materials also discuss biological warfare, radiation, genocidal issues, and HIV. Included are a number of articles and books written by Cantwell as well as research material he used for his body of work. The authors of the research material include Robert Gallo, Virginia Livingston and Robert Strecker.
    [Show full text]
  • Breast Cancer and Cancer Bacteria
    Healing Cancer Naturally Breast Cancer and Cancer Bacteria Suppressed and forgotten cancer microbe research could hold the key to the cause and cure of this dread disease 2004 by Alan Cantwell, Jr., M.D. P.O.Box 29532, Los Angeles, CA 90029 Email: alancantwell at sbcglobal.net Despite a century of cancer research the cause of breast cancer remains unknown. Age, diet, stress, hormone factors, genetic predisposition, and cancer viruses are all suspected as possible causative factors, but totally ignored are infectious bacteria which have been implicated in breast cancer, as well as other forms of cancer. Over the past century physicians such as James Young, John Nuzum, Virginia Livingston, and numerous other researchers have reported on the existence of a specific microbe associated with cancer. The microbe is a ubiquitous, pleomorphic organism with a complex life cycle. A review of this literature suggests that the cancer microbe plays an important role in the development of malignancy. Because the etiology of cancer remains unknown, this research deserves further examination and reaappraisal. William Russell (1852-1940) and ”the parasite of cancer” A century ago when major diseases like tuberculosis, leprosy, and syphilis were discovered to be bacterial (not viral) infections, many physicians suspected bacteria might also cause cancer. At the close of the nineteenth century ( when the science of microbiology was in its infancy), many different microbes (variously called ”cancer coccidia,” ”sporozoons” and ”cancer parasites”) were cultured
    [Show full text]
  • Cancer and the Science of Denial with Breast Cancer/Long Island Breast
    Review Article J Tumor Med Prev Volume 1 Issue 3 - July 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Lawrence Broxmeyer DOI: 10.19080/JTMP.2017.01.555563 Cancer and the Science of Denial –with Breast Cancer/Long Island Breast Cancer Dr. Lawrence Broxmeyer, MD* New York Institute of Medical Research, USA Submission: May 24, 2017; Published: July 14, 2017 *Corresponding author: Dr. Lawrence Broxmeyer, MD New York Institute of Medical Research, New York, USA, Tel: (718) 229-3694; Email: Abstract th The word ‘cancer’ is of Latin derivation and means crab. By the turn of the 20 Century organized medicine had come to the conclusion that it was not a matter of whether infectious disease caused cancer, but which one. Then, in 1910, certain American medical powers did a 180-degree rotation –abruptly deciding that cancer was not caused by a microbe. This flew in the face of over two hundred years of research in which a Actinomycetalescancer germ had been discovered and rediscovered. Of all the infectious possibilities for cancer, unquestionably the one class of microbes that has been long recognized to most consistently mimic and imitate ‘cancer’ at both clinical and tissue levels are the mycobacteria of the family of which tuberculosis and leprosy are premier examples. The association of TB with carcinoma was initially described about 200 years ago by Bayle who considered the lung malignancy ‘cavitation cancereuse’ to merely be one of the various types of tuberculosis. Ever since, almost as if in reflex to the obvious –the potential association between TB and subsequent development of cancer has drawn active investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Evidence for Cancer As a Cell-Wall-Deficient Mycobacterial
    Research Article iMedPub Journals 2016 http://journals.imedpub.com Journal of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology Vol. 1 No. 1: 5 Further Evidence for Cancer as a Cell-Wall- Lysenko AP1, Broxmeyer L2, Vlasenko VV3, Krasochko Deficient Mycobacterial Disease PA1, Lemish AP1 and Krasnikova EA1 Abstract 1 Institute of an Experimental Veterinary Science n. S.N. Wyshelesski, Belarus In 2014, Buehring reported that Bovine Leukemic Virus (BLV), a common oncogenic 2 N.Y. Institute of Medical Research in retrovirus of cattle, was present in some humans, primarily localized to the breast Bayside, New York, USA epithelium ― the very cell type from which most breast malignancies arise. By 3 Podolsk Center of Tuberculosis, Ukraine 2015, there appeared data (Buehring, 2015) supporting that as many as 37% of human breast cancer cases could be attributable to BLV exposure. But if recent estimates suggest over 83% of U.S. dairy operations are currently positive for Corresponding author: BLV, they also show that approximately 68% are positive for cell-wall-deficient Lawrence Broxmeyer, M.D Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Although tubercular lung infection has been said to cause 11 times the incidence of lung cancer as normal control subjects, it is its cell-wall-deficient (CWD) forms (also called [email protected]. L-forms) that have recently repeatedly been found through genetic analysis and edu appropriate stains in such cancer tissue ― suggesting that CWD tuberculosis or atypical tuberculosis “is likely to be involved in the occurrence or development N.Y. Institute of Medical Research in Bayside, of lung carcinoma”. A similar relationship between tubercular L-forms and the New York, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Raymond Rife's Story Contains Crucial Information to Be Brought Into Focus Through Correlations with Both Old and New Knowledge
    Copyright © Barry Lynes 1987 All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without the prior written consent of the publisher, is an infringement of the copyright Jaw. First printing March 1987 Second printing January 1989 Third printing August 1989 Fourth printing April 1992 Fifth printing August 1994 Sixth printing October 1997 Published in Canada by Marcus Books, P.O.Box 327, Queensville, Ontario, Canada LOG 1 RO. (905, 478-22trt-e, Fax (905) 478-8338 Cover designed by Doris Diehl ISBN 0-919951-30-9 CONTENTS The People Who Made This Book Foreword Author's warning Chapter 1:)The Cure forCancer Chapter 2: Bacteria and Virus Chapter 3: Medicine in America Chapter 4: The Man Who Found the Cure forCancer Chapter 5: The 1920s Chapter 6: The Early 1930s Chapter 7: "BX" -- The Virus of Cancer Chapter 8: Forward Motion: 1933-1934 Chapter 9: The Cancer Cure Works! Chapter IO: 1935: Climbing A Mountain Chapter 11: 1936: "Astounding" Clinic Results Chapter 12: 1937: Money Woes and Delays Chapter 13: 1938: Beam Ray Chapter 14: 1939: The Stonn Breaks Chapter 15: The Microscope and the Freq. Instrument Chapter 16: '46-'86: Rife's Theory Gains Acceptance Chapter 17: The Victims Chapter 18: Clarificationsand Explanations Chapter 19: How the Legal System Was Corruptedto Suppress Rife's Cancer Cure Selected Bibliography Appendices Beware of Exploiters! The People Who Made This Book- Royal R. Rife, born in 1888, was one of the greatest scien­ tific geniuses of the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Cancer Bacteria Research
    História da pesquisa da bactéria do câncer – L- formas , CWD Ron Falcone A HISTORY OF CANCER BACTERIA RESEARCH Overview Livingston's Findings The NCI Investigation The ACS Disputes a Cancer Bacterium Compelling New Evidence Toward A New Paradigm Conclusion Overview Since the 1920s, researchers have consistently isolated and cultured bacterial forms from cancer patients. Among the first investigators to have made the discovery was the Canadian physician Thomas Glover. Glover claimed that his organism displayed different forms including a filter-passing one closely resembling viruses. In what was perhaps the first long-term clinical trial involving a cancer therapy, two of Glover's colleagues---Dr.'s Clark and White---claimed favorable results for a variety of cancers using an anti-sera originally developed by Glover. The trial, however, was not controlled or randomized and the actual results would be difficult to determine by today's standards or protocols. The Glover anti-sera was made from horse antibodies derived from inoculation of human cancer bacteria (see how Glover's anti-sera was prepared). While Glover, White, Clark and Scott were among the first to document and then use as an anti-bacterial cancer vaccine, a New-Jersey physician named Virginia Livingston advanced Glover's controversial theories starting in the late 1940's. Livingston's Findings After conducting a number of experiments which included the darkfield and electron microscope, Livingston and several colleagues said they had corroborated Glover's bacteria theory via the established tenets of Robert Koch (i.e. "Koch's Postulates)[1]. Livingston named her cancer bacterium Progenitor cryptocides and she described it as a highly pleomorphic entity that behaved, in many ways, like Mycobacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,382,428 Livingston-Wheeler Et Al
    US005382428A United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,382,428 Livingston-Wheeler et al. 45 Date of Patent: Jan. 17, 1995 54 METHOD FOR PREPARNG A PURIFIED 56) References Cited EXTRACTION RESIDUE FRACTION AND TSUSE IN STMULATING THE IMMUNE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS RESPONSE 3,958,025 5/1976 Livingston .......................... 424/317 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 75 Inventors: Virginia Livingston-Wheeler, San Livingston, et al., Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 36, p. 569 Diego County, Calif.; John J. (1974). Majnarich, King County, Wash. Chen et al., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med., vol. 152, pp. 408-410 (1976). (73 Assignees: John J. Mainarich; Virginia Maruo et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 76, pp. Livingston-Wheeler, both of 6622-6626, 1979. Redmond, Wash. Acevedo et al., Cancer, vol. 41, pp. 1217-1229, 1978. Acevedo et al., Injection and Immunity, vol. 24, pp. 920-924, 1979. 21 Appl. No.: 336,567 Primary Examiner-Douglas W. Robinson Assistant Examiner-Deborah K. Ware 22 Fled: Apr. 11, 1989 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Seed and Berry 57 ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data A method is disclosed for preparing a purified extrac 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 150,512, Feb. 8, 1988, aban tion residue fraction (antigen) of a microorganism iso doned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 935,123, lated from the blood or urine of a warm-blooded animal Nov. 26, 1986, abandoned, which is a continuation of or tumor carried by a warm-blooded animal, the micro Ser. No. 712,468, Mar. 15, 1985, abandoned, which is a organism having the capacity to synthesize the polypep continuation of Ser.
    [Show full text]
  • Cancer, the FDA, the AMA And
    CANCER, THE FDA, THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND YOU Ricardo Beas – January 2011 "There are two basic theories as to what cancer is. The orthodox theory is that healthy body cells for some UNKNOWN reason mutate into cancer cells. The general idea is that the unknown reason is a result of aging, poor diet, heredity, a bad condition that slowly mutates into cancer, or something along those lines." The second theory – or the unaccepted theory – is that cancer is caused by a very unusual virus that changes from a virus to a bacterium and back to a virus again … This second theory is based on what is called pleomorphism. Research into this theory is not allowed … No money is available for such research and those who try to get funding hit a brick wall … The FDA, FTC and the AMA put every possible roadblock in their way.” From “Breakthrough: The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21st Century,” by Jim Humble, 4th edition. By permission of the author. Here is a definition of cancer I found in a popular online dictionary site: Noun. Pathology. A malignant and invasive growth or tumor, esp. one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites. In the 1930’s Royal Raymond Rife, from San Diego, CA, invented a powerful non electronic microscope that could magnify up to 60,000x and had a resolution of 31,000x. Other non electronic microscopes only had a 2,500x power. The newer sophisticated microscopes are electronic. The difference between Rife’s Universal Microscope and our modern electron microscopes is that the Universal Microscope does not kill the specimens under observation and affords observation of natural living specimens in all circumstances, meaning it does not rely on fixing or staining to render visibility or definition, whereas the electron microscope does kill the specimen in observation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russell Body the Forgotten Clue to the Bacterial Cause of Cancer © 2003, by Alan Cantwell, Jr
    Artigo histórico de 1890 escrito por Willian Russell talvez o primeiro a aventar a hipótese de um possível microorganismo como agente etiológico do câncer The Russell Body The Forgotten Clue To The Bacterial Cause Of Cancer © 2003, by Alan Cantwell, Jr. M.D. Nota: lembrar que Willian Russel escreveu artigo “An Adress on a Characteristic Organism of Cancer” no The Btritish Medical Journal Dec, 13, 1890 William Russell 1852-1940, as pictured in The British Medical Journal, August 24, 1940. William Russell and "the parasite of cancer" On December 3, 1890 William Russell, a pathologist in the School of Medicine at the Royal Infirmary in Edinburgh, gave an address to the Pathological Society of London in which he outlined his histopathologic findings of "a characteristic organism of cancer" that he observed microscopically in fuchsine-stained tissue sections from all forms of cancer that he examined, as well as in certain cases of tuberculosis, syphilis and skin infection. The parasite was seen within the tissue cells (intracellular) and outside the cells (extracellular). The size of Russell's parasite ranged from barely visible, up to "half again as large as a red blood corpuscle." The largest round forms were easily seen microscopically. The large size of some of these bodies suggested a fungal or yeast-like parasite. Russell provisionally classified the parasite as a possible "blastomycete" (a type of fungus); and called the forms "fuchsine bodies" because of their bluish-red staining qualities. Microbiology was still in its infancy in Russell's era, and it was generally thought that each microbe could only give rise to a single disease.
    [Show full text]
  • The Microbiology of Cancer and Its Potential Implications for Early Intervention Ron Falcone Website
    Microbiologia do câncer e implicações na intervenção precoce CWD , L-formas Hypothesis: The Microbiology of Cancer and its Potential Implications for Early Intervention Ron Falcone website Introduction The century's old debate as to whether bacteria are simply opportunistic infections "after the fact" or whether they can initiate cancer has been a contentious one. As early as the 1920's, Thomas Glover isolated a bacterium which he named "Glover's organism". Two decades later, Virginia Livingston believed that a single, ubiquitous pathogen she identified as a Mycobacterium (and which she named Progenitor cryptocides) was the primary cause of most human cancer. A handful of others also claimed discovery of a cancer-causing organism which appeared cameleon like, and seemed to defy one, universal taxonomy. From a mainstream standpoint, scientists disagreed with Glover and his later contemporaries, instead arguing that cancer-related pathogens were simply opportunists, contaminating diseased tissues after the fact. But in the 1990's, Shy Chung Lo of the Armed Services Institute of Pathology cultured Mycoplasma fermentans from cancer, injected the organism into animals, and was then able to induce cancer; in effect, Lo had established Koch's Postulates, proving that bacteria were indeed able to directly cause cancer [1]. Other investigators corroborated Lo's Mycoplasma research. For example, Chan reported the prevalence of mycoplasmal DNA in ovarian cancer[2]; Schmidhauser demonstrated that the p37 gene associated with mouse sarcoma originates from Mycoplasma and that a proportionate increase in malignant invasiveness was related to such exposure[3]; Ushio found that Mycoplasma-infected cells have a higher ability to metastasize in vivo than non-infected cells[4]; and Bogoch demonstrated that Mycoplasma secrete a similar polysaccharide used by cancer antigens to avoid immune-system recognition.
    [Show full text]
  • Inflammation-Induced Cancer: Crosstalk Between Tumours, Immune Cells and Microorganisms
    REVIEWS Inflammation-induced cancer: crosstalk between tumours, immune cells and microorganisms Eran Elinav1*, Roni Nowarski2*, Christoph A. Thaiss1*, Bo Hu2,3*, Chengcheng Jin2,4*and Richard A. Flavell2,5 Abstract | Inflammation is a fundamental innate immune response to perturbed tissue homeostasis. Chronic inflammatory processes affect all stages of tumour development as well as therapy. In this Review, we outline the principal cellular and molecular pathways that coordinate the tumour-promoting and tumour-antagonizing effects of inflammation and we discuss the crosstalk between cancer development and inflammatory processes. In addition, we discuss the recently suggested role of commensal microorganisms in inflammation- induced cancer and we propose that understanding this microbial influence will be crucial for targeted therapy in modern cancer treatment. Less than 10% of all cancers are caused by germline muta- infection6. Although the origin and molecular signals tions; the remainder are caused by acquired somatic mutations that drive inflammation during infection may be distinct and environmental factors. In many cases, tumour from inflammation that is caused by other factors, such as development is linked to chronic infection, dietary obesity, noxious inhalants and autoimmunity, many of the factors, obesity, inhaled pollutants, tobacco use or biological concepts that drive and regulate inflammation- autoimmunity1. The unifying principle that underlies associated cancer are similar across the various aetiolo- 1Department of Immunology, these processes is chronic inflammation, which is an gies. Even more intriguing is the emerging possibility Weizmann Institute of aberrantly prolonged form of a protective response to that variation in the commensal microbial ecosystems Science, 100 Herzl Street, a loss of tissue homeostasis2.
    [Show full text]