0 0 PUGH'S

QUEENSI. AND ALMANAC,I DIRECTORY,

AND

FOR 1862, Being the Second after Bissextile , or Leap Year.

FOURTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION.

BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND: Printed and Published by Tn0OPHILUS P. PUGH, at the "Courier" General Printing Office, George Street , and Sold Wholesale by 7. MILLAR,Bookseller , Queen Street.

Price , 3s. 6d.

0 0 This is a blank page

CONTENTS.

Articles of the Calendar, &c. ... The Calendar ...... Law Calendar...... Gardening Calendar ...... Government Departments Municipal Councils Commissionof the Peace Ministers of Religion ...... Banking Establishments ... Newspapers ...... Registration of Births , &c...... MeteorologicalObservations Trade Returns ...... Tariff ...... Electric Telegraph Signal Sta on ... Portsts an arbours -Sailing Directions s ... Postal Information ... Pastoral and Agricultural ... Table for Measuring Log Timber ... County Directory ...... Table of Distances ...... iv

List of Acts of Queensland Parliament ...... 141 Synopsis of the Real Property Act ...... 145 r QUE ENSLAND Lean Am:- Occupation of Unoccupied Lands ...... 153 Tenders Regulation Act...... 168 Alienation of Crown Lands Act ...... 172 Crown Lands Leasing Act ...... 181 SKETCH OF QUEENSLAND :- Introduction 5 I.-Geographical Position and Extent ... .. 16 II.-Population: how distributed ... .. 18 III.-Situation , &c., of Chief Towns ...... 23 IV.-Form of Government ...... 28 V.-Laws and Municipal Institutions ...... 32 VI.-Education and Religion ...... 37 VII.-Capabilities of the Soil, &c. ... 45 VIII.- Climate ...... 58 IX -Management of Public Lands ... .. 62 X -Immigration Regulations ...... 69 VI -Trade and Revenue ...... 74 XII.-Employment of Labor ...... 77 XIII.-Miscellaneous ...... 79 Appendix .-{ Analysis of the Census ) ... .. 84 ADyEBT[sEMENTs. THE MAP OF QUEENSLAND.

SEEisuthe advantage to the public likely to re sult from the addition of a carefully compiled Map of Queensland to this Almanac, the Proprietor has gladly availed himself of local talent and ingenuity forthe gratificationof hiswishes. Although a small and perhaps seemingly insignificant affair to those who have been accustomed to the more matured and elaborate productions of the mother country , the Proprietor believes himself entitled to assert that a more complete production of the kind was never yet produced in the colonies . The Map has been compiled by Mr. HAM, the well-known publisher of "HAM'S Squatting Map of Victoria ," issued in 1845, but who is now settled in Brisbane ; and it should be a matter of self congratulation with Queenslanders that a work has been produced here surpassing all publications of the kind ever yet issued in Australia . It has been engraved, printed, and colored, by the process of chromo-lithography (now for the first time used in this colony), by Messrs. T. HAMand Co., of this city. In its compilation the most recent surveys and commissioners' maps have been examined ; all the published maps extant have been compare d with it ; and several important additions and revisions have been made by the Surveyor-Generalof thiscolony, A. C. Gamosv , Esq., the well known explorer. Referring to the Map itself , the reader will see that many grave errors, existing in the best and latest productions of Aaaowsarrn, Wvr,o, Courox, and others , are corrected, and that many additions have been made which will be both interesting and valuable to the geographical student . It will, for instance , be of interest to observe that the course and outlet of the great river Burdekin - about which so much discussion has been wasted-is at last ascertained and laid down correctly , it having been found that the river does not dis- charge itself into the sea by a number of embouchures, forming a "delta," but that its main outlet is the stream formerly known and laid down on the maps as the Wickham. The position and course of its most recently discovered tributaries-the Bonner and Rolles- ton-are also laid down ; and the new settlement at Port Denison- the most recent effort of Australian colonization - for the first time finds place in a published map of the Colony. The whole of the counties are defined ; the boundaries of the various watersheds, and vi

the course of the different rivers and creeks, are laid down ; as are also the Electric Telegraph lines, the route, as surveyed , of the pro- posed Tramroad, and all the different inland mail routes. The boundaries of the great squatting districts are for the first time published in a form to be relied upon, and the vast extent of the pastoral and agricultural country still unoccupied, will at once strike the most casual observer- millions of acres, fitted for pastoral pursuits, being as yet untrodden by the foot of civilized men. The "debate- able territory ," as it may still be called, of the Clarence and Richmond, is introduced, and also the westward country lying between the 138th and 141st meridians of longitude . This latter addition will be found to be all the more interesting , because of the introduction of the outward and homeward routes of the ill-fated Bum and Wuas Expedition . The outward track is laid down from the diary kept by those lamented men, and from a map recently issuedfrom the SurveyOffice, in Melbourne, but the returnroute- which will be seen to embrace a large extent of valuable Queens- land territory , and to cross the heads of the river Thomson-is now published for the first time from information locally acquired. The "p resent" and the "proposed" western boundaries of the colonyare inserted in order to give an ideaof thevaluable extent of country which would accrue to Queensland by such an extension of her frontier, more especially on the northern seaboard. It has even been admittedby the pressof New South Wales thatno other colony has a better claim than Queensland to the territory in question , and certainly no other Australian province would be in a betterposition to render availablethe valuablelands bordering the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria. As the engraved plate of the Map is now the property of the Proprietor of the Queensland Almanacs , it is his intention to issue it with this publication year by year, with all possible additions and corrections, so that,after a seriesof years,the successivecopies issued will in themselves form an interesting index of the progress of Queensland exploration and settlement . In order to ensure cor- rectness, the Proprietor will be glad to receive communications or information from our pioneer squatters or explorers , which communi- cations may be addressed to him personally, or to Messrs. Hai & Co., his engravers. THE SKETCH OF QUEENSLAND.

IN compliance with a suggestion made to him, the Proprietor has caused the above to be printedin such a manner as to forma separate work, complete in itself, if any one should be desirous of preserving it. It will also be as well to remark here that the Sketch has been thoroughly revised , and for the most part re-written, so that the information contained therein will be fuund to be the latest possiblyobtainable. This is a blank page

PUGH'S ALMANACAND DIRECTORY

FOR 1862.

ARTICLESOF THE CALENDAR.

ECLIPSES.

Is the year 1862 there will be three Eclipses of the Sun, and two of the Moon, neither of which will be visible here. I,-A Total Eclipse of the Noon, June 11th, 1862. II -A Partial Eclipse of the Sun, June 26th, 1862. III,-A Partial Eclipse of the Sun, November 21st, 1862. IV,-A Total Eclipse of the Moon, December 5th, 1862. V,-A Partial Eclipse of the Sun, December 20th, 1862,

NOTESFOR THE CALENDAR.

The Moon's Age is given at noon, and is the mean time elapsed since the Moon's ecliptic conjunction with the Sun, or since the Sun and Moon had the same longitude . The numbers in the " Moon's Age" column are calculated for Brisbane , and are expressed in days and decimal parts of a day.

Ti lla difference in time between high water at the Bar and Brisbane is one hour ; between Brisbane and Ipswich , three hours . This applies as a general rn:e, but the actual time of high water is frequently influenced by strong northerly and easterly gales, and violent freshes in the river. When the Sun is south of the Equator , the day tides in the southern hem i- sphere are the highest ; when north of the equator, the night tides are highest . These changes w il l take place about the second or third spring tide after the sun has crossed the Equinox . The day tides will be the highest until the first spring tide in April, when the night tides will take precedence until the new moon in October , after which the day tides w il l again take precedence. *A 2 JANUARY, 31 DAYS.

TEMPERATIIRE ( 1861.) t Mean Maximum shade ...... 86.9 Mean Temperature ...... 76• Greatest diurnal range 31.4 (from 55• to 86.4) Mean diurnal range .. 21.9 Summer is now fairly set in ; weather hot and oppressive, often with rain squalls, thunder , and lightning.

.. OCCURRENCES, &C. a r - [1853. 1 W Government Resident first appointed at Moreton Bay, 2 Th Queensland Electorates proclaimed , 1860 .-K ing of 3 F [Prussiadied, 1861. 4 5 $ Proclamation of first New South Wales Constitution 6 M Epiphany . [ Act, 1843. 7 8 W First general Public Meeting held in B ri sbane in favor 9 Tb [of Separation, 1851. 10 F Heavy floods at Ipswich, 1844. 11 12 13 M Criminal Sittings, Toowoomba. 14 T First transpo rt s reached Botany Bay, 1788. 15 16 Th Civil sittings , Toowoomba. 17 F Highest flood known in Brisbane and Ipswich, 1841. 18 19 20 21 T Ship Fortitude arrived at Moreton Bay, 1849. 22 W Sir W. Denison left New South Wales for Madras, 23 Th [1861. 24 25 26 $ Anniversaryof New South Wales, founded 1788.- 27 M [Steam communication first opened up between 28 T [Sydney and Brisbane, 1842. 29 W First shipment of Cotton hence, 1854. 30 31 JANUARY, 31 DAYS. 3

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M e D H New Moon.. 1 0 6 52a.m. Apogee..., ...... 10 6 p.m. First Quarter 8 8 59 20a.m. Perigee...... 26 0 noon Full Moon.. 16 0 7 44p.m. Last Quarter 23 4 49 32p.m. New Moon.. 30 1 1 50p.m.

N Moon's High Water on Bar. S U REMARKS. q Rises Sets Age Morn. I Aft ern.

H M H M H M H M Spring tides will occur on the let or 2nd. on the 1 5 13 654 05 10 5 10 22 10th or 17th , and on the 2 5 14 6 54 1 5 10 40 11 0 80th or 81st of this 3 5 14 6 54 2 5 It 20 11 42 month. 4 5 15 655 35 0 0 0 24 MENA. FOR JAB ., 1861. 5 5 15 655 45 050 1 15 The Weather.-Al- though the temperature 6 5 16 655 55 140 2 4 was below the average, 7 5 17 655 65 230 2 56 the state of the electri- 8 5 17 655 75 322 3 45 city, with heavy clouds, 4 made the weather op- 9 5 18 655 85 4 6 32 pressive and unhealthy. 10 5 19 6 55 9 5, 4 56 5 20 Electricity positive on 11 5 19 655 105 544 6 6 the 6th and 7th ; the 12 5 20 6 55 11 5 6 52 rest of the month 6-30 negati ve throughout, 13 5 21 6 54 12 5 7 16 7 36 with heavy clouds, and 14 5 22 654 135 756 8 20 frequent thunder and 15 523 6 54 14 5 8 44 9 6 lightning at night. Two 15 5 0 inches of rain fell in one 16 524 6 54 9 34 10 hour on the 17th. Ba- 17 5 25 6 54 16 5 10 20 10 42 rometer down to 29.568 18 5 26 6 54 17 5 11 0 11 20 on the 22nd, during a 19 5 27 6 53 18 5 11 42 0 6 heavy thunderstorm. Health -Measles and 20 5 28 6 53 19 5 0 30 0 54 hooping cough were less 21 5 29 6 53 20 .5 1 20 1 45 prevalent than during 22 5 29 6 53 21 5 2 10 2 36 the two previous months. 22 5 3 0 3 Diseases connected with 23 5 30 6 53 24 derangement of the 24 5 31 6 53 23 5 3 50 4 16 functi ons of the sto- 25 5 32 6 53 24 5 4 40 5 0 mach and liver have 5 33 5 52 been noticed, together 26 6 53 25 5 5 24 with several cases of 27 5 34 6 52 26 5 6 20 6 45 gast ri c fever. 28 5 34 6 52 275 7 10 7 40 Rain -fall.- 9.28 in. 29 5 35 6 52 28 5 8 6 8 34 Births.- Males, 19; females, 20 ; total, 89. 30 5 35 6 51 0 0 9 6 9 40 Deaths.-Males, 13; 31 5 36 6 51 1 0 10 10 10 36 females, 8; total, 21. **A 4 M WARY, 28 DAYS.

TEMPERArum (1861.) Mean Maximum shade ...... 89-8 Mean Temperature ...... 79.1 Greatest diurnal range 31.2 (from 61.2 to 92.4) Mean diurnal range.. 21.3 This is frequently the hottest month of the year; heavy squalls with thunder and rain are common , and strong easterly winds. m OCCURRENCES, &C. A A

2 S Maryborough township established, 1851. 3 M Criminal Sittings, Ipswich. 4 5 6 Th Civil Sittings, Ipswich.-First Supreme Court Sittings 7 F [held at Ipswich, 1860. 8 9 10 Iii Gold discoveredat Bathurst, 1851. 11 12 W Civil Sittings, Brisbane. 13 Th Capture of Gaeta, and flight of Bombs, 1861. 14 15 S First wool-ship sailed direct hence for England, 1851. 16 S Septuagesima Sunday.-Van Diemen's Land Govern- 17 M Criminal Sittings, Brisbane. [went founded, 1804. 18 T First Parliament of United Italy assembled, 1861. 19 20 21 F First term commences. 22 23 24 1K [left Rockhampton. 1861. 25 T First term ends.-Overland party for Port Denison 26 27 28 [The most valuable discoveries of copper ore in thra north were made by Mr. Manton during this month, 1861.] FEBRUARY,28 DAYS. 5

PHASES OF THE MOON.

, D H M 8 1 D H First Quarter 7 6 23 38a.m. Apogee ...... 7 4a.m. Full Moon.. 15 3 18 20a.m. Perigee ...... 20 8a.m. Last Quarter 22 0 29 32a.m.

S U N Moon's High Water on Bar. REMARKS. q Rises gets Age Morn. Aftern.

H M 4 M H M H M 5 37 6 50 2 0 11 0 11 24 Spring tides occur on 537 650 30 1145 010 the 13th or 16th of this month. 538 649 40 040 1 6 539 649 50 132 2 0 540 648 60 226 250 MFMA. FOIL FEB., 1861. 541 647 70 316 340 542 646 80 4 0 422 The Weather.-Feb- 54 2 645 90 446 5 4 ruary was, as usual, 530 hot, cloudy , and op- 5 43 644 100 5 56 pressive. Lighteasterly 5 44 6 44 11 0 6 20 6 46 and north easterly 5 45 6 43 120 7 10 7 34 breezes prevailed, and 5 46 6 42 13 0 7 56 8 16 occasionalcalms ; elec- tricity negative through- 5 47 6 41 14 0 838 9 0 out. As in January, 5 48 6 41 15 0 9 20 9 44 frequentshowers, with 5 49 6 39 16 0 10 6 10 30 thunder and lightning 5 49 6 39 17 0 10 54 11 15 atnigbt , occurred. The temperature was rather 5 50 6 38 18 0 11 38 0 0 abovethe average 5 50 6 38 19 0 0 20 0 46 Health .-- Gastric fe- 5 51 6 37 20 0 1 10 1 36 ver was common, and 5 51 6 36 21 0 2 0 2 24 prickly heat very gene- 6 52 6 36 22 0 2 50 3 12 ral and tormenting, both to adults and child- 5 53 6 35 23 0 3 36 4 0 ren. 5 53 6 34 24 0 4 20 4 44 Rain -fag. - 4.38 554 633 250 5 6 532 inches. 5 55 6 32 26 0 5 56 6 18 Births.-Males, 17; 5 56 6 31 27 0 6 40 7 16 females, 9; total, 26. 5 57 6 30 28 0 7 46 8 20 Deaths. - Males, 6; 5 58 6 29 29 0 8 50 9 30 femal es, 5; total, 11. 6 MARCH, 31 DAYS.

TEMPERATURE (1861.)

Mean Maximum shade 86• Mean Temperatu re ...... 76.2 Greatest diurnal range 29.1 (from 70 .6 to 99.7) Mean diurnal range.. 19.5 Summer ends on the 20th; the heat, though less than last month , is still considerable . Easterly winds prevail , with fre- quent showers.

OCCURRENCES, &C. A A

1 8 St . David 's Day . [ 1861. 2 S Quinquagesima .- Shrove Sunday . [of Serfs in Russia. 3 M Ipswich procld . a Municipality , 1860 .- Emancipation 4 T Gregory 's last expedition left the Dawson , 1858.- 5 W Ash Wednesday. [Accession of Pres. Lincoln, 1861. 6 Th Criminal Sittings , Maryborough .- First newspaper 7 F [published in Australia, 1803. 8 S [portof entry,1861. 9 S First Sunday in Lent .- Port Denison proclaimed a 10 M Civil Sittings , Marybo ro ugh .- New Holland disc. 11- T Sovereign wrecked at Moreton Island , 1848. [1606. 12 W The " Moreton Bay Association " held a meeting at 13 Tb [Brisbane , at which the idea of Sep . from New 14 F [South Wales was first mooted, 1847. 15 S [12th.- First Sup. Courtsittings held at Drayton, 1860. 16 17 M St. Patrick's Day. 18 T Fearful famine raging in India, 1861. 19 W [1860. 20 Th Outbreak of insurrectionary war in New Zealand, 21 F Sir C. Fitzroy visited Moreton Bay , 1854 . [Kent,1861. 22 S SirJ . Young land . in Sydney, 1861.-Death of Duchess 23 $ Maryborough proclaimed a Municipality, 1861. 24 25 T Lady Day .- Leichhardt returned from Port Easing- 26 W [ton, 1846. 27 28 F War declared with Russia, 1854. 29 30 S Treaty of Peace signed at Pa ri s, 1856. 31 M Queensland Guardian established, 1860. MARCH, 31 DAYS. 7

PHASES OF THE MOON.

NewMoon .. 1 3 1 32a.m. Apogee ...... ,. 7 11a.m. First Quarter 9 3 33 44a.m. Perigee ...... 19 6a.m. Fu ll Moon. . 16 3 27 14p.tn. Last Quarter 23 8 1 32a.m. NewMoon .. 30 5 57 26p.m.

S U N Moon's High Water on Bar. Da REMAaES. Rises Sets Age. Morn. RAfters. H M H M H M H M The Sun enters the 1 658 628 04 10 0 10 24 Autumnal equinox on the 20th,and that season 2 558 627 14 10 44 11 6 therefore commences. 3 559 626 24 11 30 11 54 Spring Tides occur on 4 559 625 34 0 20 0 45 the lot or 2nd 16th or 17th, and 30tlior 31st 5 6 0 624 44 1 5 1 26 of this month. 6 6 1 623 54 1 50 2 15 7 6 2 622 64 2 35 2 56 MRMA. FOR MAR., 1861. 8 6 3 621 74 3 20 340 The Weather.-Very 6 3 6.20 4 24 hot at the commence- 9 8 4 4 0 ment , the 4th and bth 10 6 4 6 19 9 4 450 510 being respectivelythe 11 6 4 618 104 5 36 6 0 hottest in sun and shade 12 6 5 6 17 11 4 6 24 6 50 of the summer. On the 6 16 former, the San ther- 13 6 5 12 4 7 15 740 mometer registered 14 6 6 6 15 13 4 8 5 8 30 123.3, the maximum 15 6 6 6 14 14 4 8 56 9 30 shade 99.1 degrees; on 6 7 6 13 the 5th the maximum 16 15 4 9 54 10 20 shade rose to 991, and 17 6 7 6 12 16 4 10 45 11 5 the blackbulb marked 18 6 8 6 11 17 4 11 26 11 50 122degrees . Firstweek 6 8 6 10 18 4 0 10 0 32 clear and but, the re- 19 mainder cloudy and 20 6 8 6 8 194 0 55 1 20 cooler, with frequent 21 6 9 6 7 204 1 44 2 8 showers . Elec tr ic,ty 22 6 9 6 6 214 2 30 2 56 negative throughout. 6 10 6 5 lfealth .- There were 23 22 4 3 20 3 45 many cases of hoopmg 24 6 10 6 4 23 4 4 10 4 34 cough this month, and 25 6 11 6 3 24 4 4 56 5 16 severalof gastric fever, 6 11 6 2 25 4 540 but, for the season, the 26 6 4 healthwas considered 27 612 6 1 264 6 36 7 0 to be above the average. 28 6 12 6 0 27 4 7 30 7 56 Rain -faU.--8*86 in. 6 12 5 59 28 4 8 30 9 0 Births .- Males, 21 ; 29 females, 24; total, 45. 30 6 13 558 29 4 9 30 10 0 Deaths . - Males, 8 . 31 613 557 07 10 24 10 48 females , 4; total, 12. 8 APRIL, 30 DAY&

TEMPERATURE (1861.) Mean Maximum shade ...... 79.8 Mean Temperature...... 70.8 Greatest diurnal range 26.7 (from 57.9 to 84.6) Mean diurnal range... 18.2 At the beginning of this month we may expect clouds and showery unpleasant weather; towards the end the B.W. weather, with heavy dews and positive electricity, commences.

OCCURRENCES, &C.

I 2 W First Supreme Court sittings held at Maryborough, 3 Th [1860. 4 5 6 7 M First Queensland Census taken, 1861. 8 T Massacres at Warsaw , 1861 .- Insurrection broke out 9 W [in Sicily, 1860. 10 it F- First telgph . message transm . in Queensland, 1861- 12 S [The land and sea parties met at P. Denison, 1861. 13 5 Palm Sunday. 14 15 T Moreton Bay Supreme Court formally opened, 1857. 16 17 18 F Good Friday.- American Revolution, 1775. 19 20 S Easter Sunday. 21 22 23 W St. George's Day. 24 25 26 27 S First elections for Queensland Parliament, 1860. 28 M [anchored in Botany Bay, 1770. 29 T Burnett Argue established, 1861- Captain Cook 30 W Second session of Queensland Parl . opened, 1861. A , 30 DAYS. 9

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M 8 D H FirstQuarter 7 10 25 2p.m. Apogee ...... 4 5a.m. Full Moon.. 15 1 9 50a. m. Perigee ...... 16 9a.m. Last Quarter 21 4 15 Sp.m. New Moon.. 29 9 39 14a.m.

S U x Moon's High Water on Bar. D, Raixuxs. Rises Sets Age Morn. Aftern.

H a1 H M H M H M Spring tides occur on 1 6 14 5 55 1 7 11 6 11 20 the loth or 16th,and 2 6 14 654 2 7 11 42 0 0 on the 29th or 30th of 3 6 15 6 53 3 7 0 24 0 50 thismonth. 4 615 552 47 1 15 135 55L 57 1 56 2 15 5 615 Mahe . FOB APaIL, 1861. 6 6 16 5 50 6 7 2 36 2 54 TAe Weatder .-- Cool, 7 6 16 5 49 7 7 315 336 overcast , and showery; 8 617 548 87 3 56 4 16 negative electriedy 9 617 547 97 438 5 0 throughout. Southerly 10 6 17 5 46 10 7 5 20 5 42 winds prevailed. On the afternoon of the 11 6 18 5 45 11 7 6 0 6 24 27th a cyclone, or ter- 12 6 18 5 44 12 7 6 48 7 10 rific squall, passed over 13 6 19 543 13 7 7 36 8 0 Moreton Island, at the Pilot Station . It came 14 6 20 5 41 14 7 8 30 8 56 from S.B.W., and did 15 6 20 540 15 7 9 30 10 0 much damage , tearing 16 6 21 5 39 16 7 10 24 10 50 the roofsoff several 17 7 11 15 buildings, and trees up 17 6 21 6 38 11 40 by theroots. 18 6 22 5 37 18 7 0 0 0 24 Health-Disease was 19 6 22 5 36 19 7 0 50 1 16 below the average. 20 6 23 5 35 20 7 1 40 2 8 Cases of measles oc- 21 6 23 5 34 21 7 2 36 3 0 curred, terminating fa- tally in two instances; 22 6 24 5 33 22 7 3 22 3 50 some cases of gastric 23 6 24 5 32 23 7 415 440 fever were noticed; also 24 6 25 5 31 24 7 5 6 6 42 several ofbamoptysis in 5 30 25 7 6 8 6 36 personswith chestaffec- 25 6 26 tion. 6 26 529 26 7 7 0 7 30 26 Rain Jail .- 1038 in. 27 6 2° 5 28 27 7 7 56 8 34 Births . - Males, 14; 28 6 27 5 27 28 7 9 4 9 36 females, 13; total, 27. 29 6 28 5 26 29 7 10 0 10 20 Deaths . - Males, 9; 30 6 28 525 1 0 10 40 11 0 females, 3; total, 12. 10 MAY, 31 DAY&

TEMPERATU I1 (1861).

Mean Maximum shade ...... 74• Mean Temperature ...... 62• Greatest diurnal range 33.3 (from 39.7 to 73•) Mean diurnal range.. 24.0 Fine cool healthy weather ; splendid clear starlight nights, heavy dews, and occasional hoar frosts.

OCCURRENCES, &C. A A

I Th Chaeeley arrived in Moreton Bay, 1849. 2 F 3 S First importation of Chinese labor into Moreton Bay, 4 $ [1850. 5 $ Cri minal Sittings , Ipswich .- Outbreak of civil war 6 T [in A merica, 1861. 7 W 8 Th Civil Sittings , Ipswich. 9 F 10 8 Bishop Quinn (R. C.) arrived, 1861. 11 Garibaldi landed in Sicily, 1860. 12 1 Last exile ship arrived in Moreton Bay, 1850. 13 T Moreton Bay made a port of entry , 1846 . [ paper, 1861. 14 W Civil Sittings , Bri sbane.- - The Courier became a daily 15 Th Capt. Coos discovered Moreton Bay in the Endeavour, 16 F [1770. 17 8 First Circuit Court held at Brisbane, 1850 18 S 19 M Criminal Sittings, Brisbane. 20 T 21 W MoretonBay abandonedas a penal settlement, 1839. 22 Th First Queensland Parliament assembled, 1860. 23 F. 24 S Queen Victoria born, 1819. 25 S Rogation Sunday .- Warwick proclaimed a Munici- 26 M Second term commences . [pality, 1861. 27 T Palermo taken by Garibaldi, 1860. 28 W Second term ends. 29 Th Holy Thureday .- First Queensland Champion Race, 80 F [1861. 31 8 MAY, 31 DAYS. it

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M S D H First Quarter 7 1 36 26p.m. Apogee I 4p.m. Full Moon.. 14 9 12 14a.m. Perigee ...... 14 6p.m. Last Quarter 21 1 50 50& m. Apogee ...... 26, 8p.m. N ew Moon.. 29 1 38 14a.m.

S U N Moon's High Water on Bar. RaMABas. Rises Sets Age Morn. Aftern.

H M H M H M H M 1 629 524 20 11 20 11 42 Spri ng Tides occur on 2 629 524 30 the 14th or 15th, and on 0 4 0 26 the29th or Both of this 3 630 523 40 0 50 1 12 month. 4 630 523 50 1 32 1 54 5 631 522 60 2 16 240 6 631 522 70 3 0 3 24 7 632 521 80 3 45 4 6 Meta , von MAY, 1861- 8 632 520 90 430 4 56 9 633 520 100 5 22 5 50 10 6 33 5 19 11 0 6 20 6 48 7766 Weather. --S.W. 11 6 34 5 19 12 0 718 750 winds prevailedthis 12 634 518 130 8 16 8 44 month , having been in forty-sitout of eighty- 13 635 5 18 14 0 9 10 935 two observationsbe- 14 635 5 17 15 0 10 0 1020 tween W.S.W.andS.W. 15 6 36 5 17 16 0 10 42 11 6 First half of month cloudy , with showers 16 636 -3 16 170 11 32 11 56 and electricity; 17 6 37 5 16 18 0 0 20 044 last =cold half cold and gene- 18 6 37 5 15 19 0 1 6 1 32 rallyclear, withpositive 19 6 38 5 15 20 0 2 0 2 26 electricity . Lunar halo on the evenings of the 20 6 38 5 14 21 0 250 311 23rd and26th. 21 6 39 6 14 220 3 32 3 54 22 6 39 6 13 23 0 4 16 4 36 Health .- Catarrh was 23 6 40 5 13 24 0 common and several 5 0 5 26 camaset gastric fever 24 6 40 5 13 25 0 5 50 6 16 were seen, bat there was 25 6 41 6 12 26 0 6 42 7 10 little sickness besides. 26 6 41 5 11 27 0 8 0 7 35 Hain-faf.-2.87 in. 27 6 42 5 11 28 0 8 28 854 28 6 42 5 10 29 0 9 20 9 46 Births .- Males„ 22; 29 6 43 5 10 0 5 10 10 10 32 females, 10; total, 32. 5 9 30 644 1 5 10 54 11 15 Deaths. Ma1ea, 14 ; 31 644 6 9 2 5 11 36 11 66 females, 4 ; total, 18. 12 J£NE, 30 DAYS.

TEMPERATURE ( 1861.)

Mean Maximum shade ...... 71.1 Mean Temperature...... 59.5 Greatest diurnal range 34• (from 44• to 78•) Mean diurnal range .. 23.1 As last month , S.W. weather may be expected , with strong positive electricity , bright cold starlight nights, heavy dews, and occasional hoar frosts.

OCCURRENCES, &C. A

1 Long vacation commenced.-First land sale at Mel 2 M Western Australia founded, 1829 . [ bourne, 1837. 3 T Colony of QUEENSLAND proclaimed in London, 1859. 4 W Battle of Magenta, 1859. 5 6 F Count CaVour died, 1861. 7 8 S Whit Sunday. 9 M Sheep first boiled down in Australia, 1843. 10 11 W Darling Downs Gazette established, 1858. 12 13 14 8 [Wales, 1843. 15 5 Trinity Sunday-First general elections in New South 16 ffi Conclave of Sovereigns at Baden, 1360. 17 T 18 W Battle of Waterlo o, 1815. 19 Th Corpus Christi. 20 F Accession of Queen Victoria , 1837 .- Moreton Bay 21 S [Coe ri er established, 1846. 22 S Great fire in London, 1861. 23 M Lord Campbell died, 1861. 24 25 W Sultan Abdul Medjid died, 1861. 26 Th [29th .- Year 1279 of the Mahommedan era commences. 27 F [1861. 28 S Coronation Day,-Burke , the Victorian explorer, died, 29 First steamer between Brisbane and Ipswich started, 30 1 Long vacation terminates . [ 1846. JUNE, 30 DAYS. 13

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M S D R First Quarter 6 0 .55 26a.m . Perigee ...... 12 4a.m. Full Moon .. 12 4 29 14p.m. Apogee ...... 25 1a.m. Last Quarter 19 1 24 44p.m. New Moon.. 27 5 6 26p.m. I

S U N Moon 's High Water on Bar. REMARKS. Rises Sets Age Morn. Aftern.

H M H M H M H M Our winter season 1 645 5 9 35 16 commences on the 24th. 0 0 40 The 23rd is the shortest 2 645 5 8 45 1 0 1 22 day of the year. Spring 3 646 5 8 55 1 46 2 6 Tides occur an the 12th 4 646 5 8 65 2 30 2 54 or 13th, and on the 27th 5 647 5 8 75 3 12 3 36 or 28th of this month. 6 647 5 7 85 4 0 4 20 MEEk. FOR JBnn, 1861. 7 648 5 7 95 4 42 5 0 The Weather.-IIn- 8 658 5 7 105 5 24 5 50 like the usual bright, beautiful , June weather, 9 6 49 5 7 11 5 6 20 6 50 this month was overcast, 10 649 5 7 125 7 18 7 46 sbowery, and unplea- 11 6 49 5 7 13 5 8 15 8 45 sant ; and warmer than 12 650 5 7 14 5 9 20 9 55 is generally the case at this season . There was 13 6 50 5 7 15 5 10 20 10 48 no frost up to this time, 14 6 50 5 7 16 5 11 12 11 40 the lowest reading on 15 6 51 5 7 17 5 0 0 0 22 the grass having been 38 degrees ; electricity 16 6 5t 5 7 18 5 0 54 1 20 negative almostthtongh- 17 6 51 5 8 19 5 1 50 2 15 out. Wind variable, but 18 651 5 8 2i5 2 45 3 18 principally between W. and S. 19 6 52 5 8 21 5 3 40 4 0 Health. -There was 20 6 52 5 8 22 5 4 22 4 45 above the averageof 21 6 52 5 9 23 5 5 10 5 36 diseasefor thisusually 22 652 5 9 245 6 0 6 24 healthyseason. Cases of measles and diar- 23 6 52 5 9 25 5 6 48 7 16 rhma in children, were 24 6 53 5 10 26 5 7 45 8 10 noticed : also febrile de- 25 6 53 5 10 27 5 8 36 9 0 bility, with hepatic and 28 5 gastric derangement, in 26 6 53 5 11 9 24 9 46 adults. 27 6 53 5 11 29 5 10 6 10 30 Rain fall.-688 in. 28 654 512 08 10 54 11 22 Births. - Males, 28; 29 6 54 5 12 1 8 females, 15 ; total, 38. 11 46 0 4 Deaths. -'dales, 2; 3U 6 54 6 13 2 8 0 28 0 52 female, 1; total, 3. 14 MY, 31 DAYS.

TEMPERATURE (1861.) Mean Maximum shade ...... 67.3 Mean Temperature ...... 55.5 Greatest diurnal range 34.5 (from 417 to 76.2) Mean diurnal range.. 23.6 The last mouth 's cold , seasonable , beautiful S.W. weather may be expected , with little rain, heavy dew, and foggy morn. ings,with occasionalhoar frosts.

a -a OCCURRENCES, &C.

1 T Separation of Victoria proclaimed, 1851. 2 W Massacre of Christians in Syria, 1860. 3 Th 4 F Toowoom6a Chronicle established , 1861. - I awich 5 8 [Herald (now Queensland Times) established], 1859. 6 7 8 T 9 W Rockhampton Bulletin established,1861. 10 Th News received of the appointment of first Governor of 11 F Peace of Villa Franca , 1859 [Queensland, 1859. 12 S Mi litary finally withdrawn from Moreton Bay, 1850. 13 S 14 M Criminal Sittings , Toowoomba. 15 T Serious outbreak at Lambing Flat (N . S. W.), 1861. 16 W 17 Th Civil Sittings , Toowoomba. 18 F Gold diecovered in Victoria, 1851. 19 S 20 $ Moreton Bay made a warehousing port, 1846. 21 111II Battle of Bull 's Run, 1861. 22 T Queensland (Imperial ) Act assented to, 1861. 23 W 24 Th 25 F 26 8 2f S Port of Moreton Bay defined, 1846. 28 M Mr . Gregory's last expedition reached Adelaide over- 29 T land from the Dawson (via Cooper ' s Creek), 1858. 30 W [wick, 1850. 31 Th First land sales held in Ipswich , Drayton, and War- JULY, 31 DAYS. 15

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M S D H FirstQnarter 5 9 3 2a .m. Pe ri gee ...... 1011a.m. Full Moon:. 11 11 50 32p.m. Apogee ...... 22 2p.m. Last Quarter 19 3 25 6a.m. New Moon .. 27 7 19 20a.m.

S J N Moon's High Water onBer. 9 1 REMARKS. q Rises Sets Age Morn. Aftern.

H M H M H M H M 6 54 5 14 3 8 1 15 1 40 Meteors will be nn- 6 54 5 14 4 8 2 20 2 38 merous at the close of the month. SpringTides 6 53 5 15 5 8 2 56 3 18 occuron the 11th or 6 53 5 15 6 8 3 36 3 54 12th, and on the 27th 6 53 5 15 7 8 4 12 4 30 or 28th of this month. 653 515 88 452 516 6 52 516 98 546 6 14 6 52 5 16 10 8 6 40 7 6 nxYA . VOn JULY, 1861. 6 52 5 16 11 8 7 30 754 6 52 5 17 12 8 8 22 8 52 6 52 5 17 13 8 9 24 9 54 6 51 5 18 14 8 10 20 10 42 The Weather.- Most- 6 51 5 18 15 8 11 0 11 22 ly fine, cool, and sea- sonabld; althoughsome 6 50 5 19 16 8 11 50 0 16 days were 6 50 5 19 17 8 0 40 1 4 showers. Ths w's the 6 50 5 20 18 8 1 28 1 50 finest month of the year. 6 50 5 20 19 8 2 12 2 34 With the exception of the first three days,elec- 6 49 5 20 20 8 2 56 3 18 tricity positive through- 6 49 5 21 21 8 3 40 4 0 out ; S.W. winds 6 49 5 22 22 8 4 24 4 48 prevailedour ; very light frosts on the 7th, 6 48 5 22 23 8 5 8 5 30 18th, 19th, and 20th. 6 48 5 23 24 8 5 52 6 12 Health. - With the 6 47 5 23 25 8 6 36 7 0 exception of a few eases 6 47 5 24 26 8 7 22 7 46 of biliary derangement, 6 46 5 24 27 8 8 10 8 38 there was very little- sickness. 6 46 5 25 28 8 9 4 9 32 6 45 5 25 0 2 10 0 10 22 Rain fall .- 1.90in. 6 45 5 26 1 2 10 46 11 10 girths. - Males,22; 6 44 5 27 2 2 11 36 0 0 females, 14; total, 36. 6 44 5 27 3 2 0 22 044 Deaths.- Males, 3; 6 44 5 28 4 2 1 6 1 22 females,3; total,6. 16 AUGUST, 31 DAYS.

TEMPERATURE (1861.)

Mean Maximum shade ...... 69.5 Mean Temperature ...... 58.5 Greatest diurnal range 31*3 (from 39.5 to 70.8) Mean diurnal range .. 21.9 The instruments show an increase of one or two degrees of tem- perature , and seem already to indicate the approach of spring; the frosts are gone, though bright starlight nights and dews continue.

e m OCCURRENCES, &C. A A

1 F First Representative Assembly met in Sydney, 1843. 2 8 Lord Herbert of Lea died, 1861.-Battle of Spring- 3 S' [field, 1861. 4 M Criminal Sittings , Ipswich.-First book printed, 1457 5 T 6 W 7 Th Civil Sittings, Ipswich. 8 F 9 8 First land sale held in Brisbane, 1843. 10 S 11 M 12 T 13 W Civil Sittings , Brisbane - Second Session of Queens- 14 Th [land Parliament closed, 1861. 15 F 16 8 River Murray first navigated, 1843. 17 S 18 nt Criminal Sittings , Brisbane. 19 T 20 W Transportation to N. S. W. ceased. 1840. 21 Th First Queensland state trial (', Beg. v. Pugh," for libel 22 F Third Term commences. on Leg. Council), 1861. 2423 S 25 1 26 T Prince Albert born, 1819.-Third term ends. 27 W 28 Th 29 F 30 S Torres' Straits discovered, 1606. 31 S AUGUST, 31 DAYS. 17

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M 8 D H First Quarter 3 3 8 50p.m. Perigee ...... 7 105 m. Full Moon .. 10 8 5 32a.m. Apogee...... 19 7a.m. Last Quarter 17 7 59 44p.m. New Moon.. 25 7 52 32p.m.

U N goon's High Water on Bar. REMASas. CZ Rises Sets Age Morn. Aftern.

H M H M H M H M 1 6 44 5 28 52 148 210 Spring Tides occur on the 10th or 11th, ai.d 2 6 43 5 28 62 232 256 on the 25th or 26th of 3 6 43 5 29 72 320 346 this month. 4 6 43 5 29 8 2 4 8 4 30 5 6 43 5 29 92 445 5 6 6 6 42 5 30 10 2 5 36 6 4 7 6 42 5 30 11 2 6 34 7 8 MaNA. FOR Aoa ., 1861. 8 6 41 5 31 12 2 7 40 8 12 6 39 5 31 The Weather.-Much 9 13 2 8 44 9 16 cloudy , gloomy weather, 10 6 38 5 32 14 2 9 50 10 12 with showers • light 11 6 38 5 32 15 2 10 38 11 0 hoar frost on lst; thun- 6 37 5 33 16 2 11 24 11 50 der and lightning, with 12 rain and heavy goers of 13 636 534 17 2 0 15 0 40 wind from S.W. on the 14 635 534 182 1 5 130 evening of the 23rd; 15 6 34 535 19 2 1 56 2 22 very heavy rain on the 29th ; large lunar halo 16 634 535 20 2 2 48 3 10 on the 16th . Electricity 17 6 33 5 36 212 332 356 variable ; S. W. winds 18 6 32 5 36 22 2 4 20 4 45 prevailed. 19 6 32 5 36 23 2 5 10 535 Health. - Cases of 20 6 31 5 37 24 2 6 0 6 24 chest affection were 21 6 30 5 37 common , but were even 252 650 716 chiefly in persons from 22 6 29 5 38 26 2 740 8 4 Victoria.With theex- 23 6 28 5 38 27 2 8 26 8 50 ception of some cases of 6 27 5 39 28 2 9 12 9 36 neuralgia,and one or 24 two of fever , there has 25 626 539 29 2 10 0 10 24 been little sickness be- 26 625 540 0 7 10 48 11 12 sides. 27 6 24 540 1 7 11 34 0 0 Rain-fall.-10'41 in. 28 623 541 27 024 050 Births. - Males, 24; 29 6 22 5 41 37 115 142 females , 17; total, 41. 30 621 542 4 7 2 6 232 Deaths . - Males, 8; 31 6 19 5 42 57 254 318 females , 2; total, 10. 18 SEE , 30 DAYS.

TEMPERATURE(1861.) Mean Maximum shade ...... 77.5 Mean Temperature ...... 63.8 Greatest diurnal range 38.8 (from 48• to 86.8) Mean diurnal range , . 27.2 The brief winter finishes on the 23rd. Still warmer than last month . Wind chiefly S W. in the morning , but the N.E. sea breeze now sets in in the afternoon, followed by calm nights.

ID as e OCCURRENCES, &C.

1 2 T Moreton Bay ,Settlement foeanded by Mr. Oxley, 1824. 3 4 Th Criminal Sittings, Maryborough . - S Brisbane proclaimed a Municipality, 1859.

M Civil Sittings, Maryborough.-Sebastopol taken, 1855.

S S First Victorian railway opened, 1854. M Allies landed in the Crimea, 1854.

Tb Fhat Session of Queensland Parliament terminated, F L1860.

S Battle of Alma,.1854.

Tb Year 5623 of the Jewish era commences. F First New South Wales railway opened, 1855. 27 28 29 M Michaelmas Day. 30 SEPTEMBER, 30 DAYS. 19

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D B M 8 D H First Quarter 1 8 29 5Op.m. Perigee ...... 3 1a.m. FullMoon.. 8 6 9 44p.m. Apogee ...... 16' 2a.m. Last Quarter 16 2 34 44p.m. Petigee ...... 28 4p.m. New Moon.. 24 7 9 5Oa m.

8 u N Mootfs High Water on Bar. REMARKS. q Rises Sets Age Morn . Aftern.

H M H M H M H M 6 18 6 7 Spring commences en 1 5 43 3 40 4 0 the 23rd, on which date 2 617 544 77 422 446 the Sun enters the ver- 3 616 544 87 5 8 530 nal equinox. Spring Tides occur on the 8th 4 6 15 5 45 9 7 5 55 6 20 and 9th, and on the 5 614 545 107 650 718 24th and 25th of this 6 6 13 5 46 11 7 7 46 820 month. 7 6 12 5 46 12 7 8 48 9 16 8 '6 11 5 47 13 7 9 45 10 10 Saxe. troy saP ., 1861. 5 47 14 7 The Weather. B.E. 9 6 10 10 32 10 56 weather for first half, 10 6 9 5 48 15 7 11 20 11 44 with heavy cloudsand 11 6 8 5 48 16 7 0 6 0 30 fr equent brief showers; 12 6 7 5 49 17 7 0 54 1 15 electricity negative. Last half of month finerfoggy 13 6 5 5 49 18 7 1 36 2 0 mornings and fine star- 14 6 3 5 50 19 7 2 24 2 50 light nights ; electricity 1.5 6 1 .550 20 7 3 12 3 34 variable. 4 16 Health.- The cases 16 6 0 5 50 21 7 3 56 of illness noti ced were 17 6 0 5 51 22 7 4 38 5 0 chieflythose connected 18 5 59 5 51 23 7 5 22 5 46 withthe respiratoryor- 19 5 58 5 552 24 7 6 10 6 35 gans , and were, doubt- lees, owing to the very 20 557 5 52 25 7 6 55 7 16 considerable diurnal 21 5 55 5 53 26 7 7 58 7 56 range of temperature, 22 .5 54 5 53 27 7 8 20 8 42 the heat in the day hav- 9 24 ing been frequently very 23 5 53 5 53 28 7 9 0 oppressive , followed by 24 5 52 5 54 0 1 9 50 10 12 chilly nights . Homtor- 25 5 51 5 54 1 1 10 36 11 0 rhages , dyspntea, and 26 5 50 5 55 2 1 11 25 11 50 sore throats were com- mon. 27 5 49 5 55 3 1 0 16 0 40 Rain fall.-1.88 in. 28 5 48 tt 56 4 1 1 0 1 26 Births .- Males, 17; 29 55 46 5 56 5 1 1 52 2 18 females , 20; total, 37. Deaths- Males, 6; 30 5 45 557 6 1 2 40 3 0 females, 4; total, 10. I i I 20 O(D:QBEE,31 DAYS.

TEMPERATURE (1860.) -4- Mean Maximum shade ...... 78.1 Mean Temperature ...... 67.1 Greatest diurnal range 38.1 (from 49• to 87.1) Mean diurnal range .. 22.1 In 1858 over 12 inches of rain fell in 20 days ; and in 1859 the great hailstorm occurred which did such damage in and around Bri sbane . Squalls, with thunder and lightning , may occur.

OCCURRENCES, &C. A A

1 W 2 Th North Australian established, 1855. 3 F 4 3 S $ 6 M 7 T First sale of Port Denison land (in Brisbane), 1861. 8 W Rockhampton made a port of entry, 1858. 9 Th [Cunningham's Gap, 184a. 10 F First supplies from Brisbane to the Downs crossed 11 8 First sale of Ipswich allotments (in Brisbane ), 1843. 12 $ Ipswich , Drayton , and blarybo rough proclaimed as 13 M [places for holding Circuit Courts. 1859. 14 T 15 W 16 Th 17. F Massacre of 19 whites by the aborigines at Mr. Wills' 18 8 [station on the Comet, 1861- 19 $ First drays brought over Cunningham's Gap, 1840. 20 M Terrific hailstorm in Brisbane, 1859. 21 T 22 W Battle of Trafalgar, 1805. 23 Th 24 F Treatyof Pekinsigned, 1861 25 8 26 $ 27 M 28 T 29 W Opening of the Queensland Exhibition, 1861. 30 Th 31 F OC1'0AIM 31 DAYS. 21

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M S H H First Quarter 1 2 22 14a.m. Apogee ...... 13 10p.m. Full Moon .. 8 6 5b 8a.m. Perigee ...... 25 6p.m. Last Quarter 16 9 53 50a.m, NewMoon.. 23 5 49 20p.m. First Quarter 30 9 56 44a.m.

S U N Moon 's High water on Bar. RaMASSS. Rises Sets Age Morn. Afters.

H M H M H M H M 1 5 44 5 57 7 1 32 Spring Tides occur 4 3 50 on the 8th or 8th, and 2 5 43 6 57 8 1 4 15 4 40 on the 23rd or 24th of 3 5 42 5 57 9 1 5 6 5 32 thismonth. 4 541 558 101 6 0 625 5 540 558 11 1 65 5 7 24 MAMA. FOR OOT., 1860. 6 5 39 6 59 12 1 7 50 8 20 7 6 38 5 59 13 1 8 52 9 26 The Weather. -The 8 537 6 0 14 1 95 0 1015 wind this mouth was 9 5 36 6 0 15 1 10 40 easterly almost through- 11 0 out. from 8 E to N E, 10 5 35 6 1 16 1 11 24 11 50 with heavy threatening 11 5 34 6 1 17 1 0 16 0 40 clouds and frequent 12 533 6 2 18 1 1 0 1 22 showers . Unpleasant oppressive weather, but 13 5 32 6 2 19 1 14 5 2 6 cooler than usual at 14 5 31 6 3 20 1 2 30 254 thisseason. A beauti- 15 5 30 6 3 21 1 3 12 336 ful lunar rainbow was 16 5 29 6 4 22 1 4 0 4 22 seen on the evening of the 2nd - a pale silver 17 528 6 4 23 1 4 45 5 8 shade at W S W, with 18 5 27 6 5 24 1 5 30 5 54 a dense thunder cloud 19 5 26 6 6 25 1 6 16 6 40 behind it. 20 5 25 6 6 26 1 .7 6 7 40 Health.- 1a9aensa 21 5 24. 6 7 27 1 8 10 8 44 was very prevalent. There were also nume- 22 523 6 7 28 1 9 12 9 48 rous cases of hooping 23 5 22 6 8 29 1 10 15 10 35 cough and measles, the 24 6 22 6 8 0 7 10 55 11 20 latter principallyat South Brisbane. A case 25 5 21 6 9 1 7 11 42 0 4 of canerum oris after 26 5 20 6 9 2 7 02 0 0 62 measles proved fatal. 27 5 19 6 10 3 7 1 16 1 40 Rain-fail.--P83 in. 28 5 18 6 10 4 7 2 0 224 Births .- Males, 23; 29 6 17 6 11 5 7 25 0 3 16 females , 22; total, 44. 30 5 16 6 11 6 7 3 40 4 0 Deaths .- Males, 8; 31 516 612 77 42 2 450 females, 3; total, 12. 22 NQMBER , 30 DAYS.

TEMPERATURE (1860.)

Mean Maximum shade ...... 83.5 Mean Temperature ...... 70.5 Greatest diurnal range 39.4 (from 49.7 to 89.1) Mean diurnal range .. 25.9 The weather this month is mostly gloomy and squally ; rain, thunder, and lightning; the nights are still occasionally cold.

OCCURRENCES, &C. A A

S

M Criminal Sittings , Ipswich.-Lima arrived in More- T . [ton Bay, 1849. W Th Civil Sittings. Ipswich. [ laide, 1861. F ,between Brisbane , Sydney, Melbourne , and Ade- S Garibaldi retired to Caprera , 1860. [ finally estab. Prince of Wales born, 1841. -Con. by .Elec. Telgrph. I Moreton Bay settlem . visited by Gov. Brisbane, 1824.

Civil Sittings . Brisbane . [1846. Colony of , I North Australia" (Port Curtis) proclaimed, First bank opened in the dist ri ct, 1850. Commandant Logan murdered by the natives, 1836. Criminal Sittings, Brisbane. Last convict ship (Eden) arrived in Sydney, 1840.

20 21 Maryborough Chronicle established, 1860.-Fourth 22 [term commences. 23 Maize £7 per bushel on the Hawkesbury, 1806. 24 MToowoomba proclaimed a.Municipality, 1860. 25 T Fourth term ends. 26 W 27 Th 28 F Llamas first imported into New South Wales, 1858. 29 S 30 S ISt. Andrew's Day.-First Sunday in Advent. NOVEMBER, 30 DAYS. 23

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M s D H Full Moon.. 6 11 1 8p. m. Apogee 10 3p.m. Last Quarter 15 4 23 2a.m. Perigee ...... 23 1a.m. New Moon .. 22 4 27 2a.m. First Quarter 28 8 14 6p.m.

S U N M00 11'S High Water on Bar. U, Id REMARKS. Rises Sets Age Morn. Afters.

H M H M H M H M 1 5 15 613 87 5 15 5 35 Spring Tides occur on 5 the 8th or 7th, and on 2 14 613 97 6 56 6 20 the 22nd or 23rd of this 3' 5 14 614 107 6 48 7 15 month. 4 5 13 6 15 11 7 7 45 812 5 6 12 6 16 12 7 8 42 9 10 6 5 11 6 17 13 7 9 40 10 5 MSML. FOR Nov ., 1860, 7 5 10 6 18 14 7 10 25 10 50 The Weather. - On 8 5 9 6 19 15 7 the 7th, 8th, and 12th, 11 15 11 45 S. W. weather, with 9 5 8 6 20 16 7 0 12 0 83 strong positive electri- 10 5 7 6 21 17 7 0 56 1 16 city and great evapora- 11 5 6 6 22 18 7 1 38 1 56 tion; the rest chiefly 5 N S weather with heavy 12 6 6 22 19 7 2 18 240 clouds; negative or very 13 5 5 6 23 20 7 2 58 3 16 slightlyp,eitive electri- 14 5 5 6 23 21 7 336 356 city. The last day of 15 5 5 6 24 22 7 4 18 the month was very hot, 4 40 the thermometer in the 16 5 4 624 237 5 0 52 2 shade marking 97 deg., 17 5 4 '6 25 24 7 5 50 6 15 and the black bath 121 18 5 '4 6 26 25 7 6 45 7 12 deg.;frequent thunder, 26 7 with lightning it night, 19 5 3 6 27 7 36 8 0 during the two (dealing 20 5 3 6 28 27 7 8 25 8 50 weeks. 21 5 3 629 287 915 940 Health.-The deaths 5 6 30 0 3 were numerous, result- 22 2 10 0 10 20 ing from variogs spo- 23 5 2 6 31 1 3 10 42 11 4 radiccauses . Several 24 5 2 6 32 2 3 11 30 11 55 casesof convnlsions,&c.; 25 5 1 6 33 3 3 0 20 0 45 in young infan ts were registered, and four 26 5 1 6 34 4 3 1 5 1 30 two of violent deaths. 27 5 1 6 35 5 3 2 0 2 25 Rain fall .- 8'69 in. 28 5 0 6 36 6 3 2 50 3 15 Births .- Males, 16; females , 26 ; total. 42, . 29 6 0 6 37 7 3 340 4 0 Deat /,.-Males, 12 ' 30 6 0 638 8 3 420 445 females, 12 ; total, 24. 24 DZUM E1t, 31 DAYS.

TEMPERATURE (1860.) Mean Maximum shade ...... 86.2 Mean Temperature 74.5 Greatest diurnal range 83.2 (from 55'6 to 88.8) Mean diurnal range .. 23.3 December is frequently cool until towards the end, when summer commences ; often fine pleasant weather, with starlight nights and heavy dews. m c OCCURRENCES, &C. q A

1 DI 2 T Brisbane River first explored by Oxley, 1823. 3 W Leichhardt left the back country on his last expedi- Th tion, 1846. 5 F 6 S 7 S First sale of Moreton Bay lands in Sydney, 1842. 8 1 9 T [(first Governor ) arrived in Brisbane, 1859. 10 W QnasxsnANw SEPAxAwoN DAY I-Sir G . F. Bowen 11 Th llamas introduced into the district, 1858. 12 F Cleveland township founded, 1850. 18 8 Aiiim sia (first government immigrant ship ) arrived 14 S [from England, 1848. 15 M Barka s exploring party left Cooper's Creek, 1860.- 16 T [Rockhampton proclaimed a Municipality, 1860. 17 W Flood at Ipswich, 1845. 18 Th 19 F [1860,-Fitzroy River first navigated, 1855. 20 S First act of Secession on part of Southern States, 21 S St . Thomas. 22 M 2p T 24 W 25 Th ChristmasDay. 26 27 S 28 29 M South Australia proclaimed a Colony, 1836. 30 T First Telegraph line opened in N. S. Wales, 1857. 31 W DECEMBER,, 31 DAYS. 25

PHASES OF THE MOON.

D H M 8 D H Full Moon.. 6 5 49 50p.m. Apogee 8 midnight Last Quarter 14 8 44 56p.m. Perigee 21 2p.m. New Moon.. 21 3 16 38p.m. First Quarter 28 9 56 44a.m.

S U N Moon's High Water on Bar. REMARKS. P Rises Sets Age Morn. Aftern.

H M H M H M H M 5 1 Summer commences 1 638 93 510 585 on the 22,.d, on which 2 5 1 6 39 10 3 5 56 6 20 date the Sun enters the 3 5 1 6 39 11 3 6 45 7 10 tropic of Capricorn. 4 5 2 6 40 12 3 7 40 8 12 Spring Tides occur on the 8th or 7th, and on 5 5 2 6 40 13 3 8 45 9 15 the 21st or 22nd of this 6 5 2 6 41 14 3 940 10 5 month. 7 5 2 6 41 15 3 10 25 11 50 8 5 3 6 42 16 3 11 12 10 36 MEMA. FOR DEC., 1860. 9 5 3 6 42 17 3 11 56 0 20 The Weather.-There 10 5 4 6 43 18 3 0 42 1 4 were many showers 11 5 4 643 193 1 28 150 during this month, with 12 5 4 6 44 20 3 2 12 234 thunder and ligh tn ing in the evenings. Baro- 13 5 5 6 44 21 3 2 56 3 18 meter low throughout. 14 5 5 6 45 22 3 3 40 4 0 A severe hailstorm on 15 5 5 6 45 23 3 4 22 2 45 the afternoon of the 5 6 6 46 24 3 6 40 3rd ; the pieces of ice 16 5 10 were projected with 17 5 6 646 253 610 642 great violence from 18 5 7 6 47 26 3 7 8 7 38 N.W., and did much 19 5 7 6 48 27 3 8 4 830 damage. Health.- Measles and 20 5 8 6 48 28 3 8 56 920 pooping cough were pre- 21 5 8 6 49 29 3 9 50 10 15 valent amongst child- 22 6 9 6 49 0 8 10 36 11 6 ren. Severalcases of 5 9 diarrhea and colic were 23 6 49 1 8 11 22 11 46 noticed. Of the deaths 24 510 650 28 010 035 registered, 7 were of 25 510 650 38 1 0 124 children of one year and 26 511 651 48 148 210 under. There were 3 cases of consumption, 27 511 651 58 235 3 0 and 2 of hooping cough. 28 512 652 68 325 350 Rain faU .-V14 in. 29 5 12 6 52 7 8 4 12 4 36 Births .- Males, 18; females , 10; total, 23. 30 513 653 88 5 0 524 Deaths. - Males, 5; 31 5 13 6 53 9 8 5 48 6 12 females, 7; total, 12. LAW CALENDAR

AND

ARRANGEMENTS

FOR 1862.

BarsBAxa. Irswioa. ToowoosmA . MABYBOR000a.

Civil Sittings.

1st Sittings . 1st Sittings . 1st Sittings . 1st Sittings. Feb. 12 to'15 . Feb. 6 to 8. Jan. 16 to 18. Mar. 10 to 12.

2nd Sittings . 2nd Sittings . 2nd Sittings . 2nd Sittings. May 14 to17. May 8 to 10. July17 to19. Sept.8 to10.

3rd Sittings . 3rd Sittings. Aug. 13 to 16. Aug. 7 to 9.

4th Sittings . 4th Sittings. Nov.'-12 to 15. Nov. 6 to S. LAW CALENDAR. 27

BRISBANE . IPSWICH. ToowooMBA . MeaYBOROUGH.

Criminal Sittings.

1st Sittings . 1st Sittings . 1st Sittings . 1st Sittings. Feb. 17 to 20. Feb. 3 to 5. Jan. 13 to 15. M tr. 6 to 8.

2nd Sittings . 2nd Sittings . 2nd Sittings . Znd Sittings. May 19 to 22. May 5 to 7. July 14 to 16. Sept. 4 to 6.

3rd Sittings . 3rd Sittings. Aug. 18 to 21. Aug. 4 to 6.

4th Sittings . 4th Sittings. Nov. 17 to 20. Nov. 3 to 5.

TERMS. First Term-Friday, 21st, to Tuesday, 25th February. Second Term-Monday, 26th, to Wednesday, 28th May. Third Term-Friday, 22nd, to Tuesday, 26th August. Fourth Term-Friday, 21st, to Tuesday, 25th November.

VACATIONS. Christmas Vacation ends Saturday , 4th January, 1862. Long Vacation commences Sunday, June 1st, and terminates Monday, June 30th.

INSOLVENCY DAYS. (All Meetings at 11 a.m.) Jeaoeav.-Monday, 6th, Monday, 27th, Thursday, 30th. FEBEUARY.-Thursday, 27th. ManoH.-Thursday, 20th, Monday, 24th, Thursday, 27th, Monday, 31st. 28 LAW CALENDAR.

Ararn. Thursday. 3rd, Monday, 7th, Thursday,10tb, Monday, 14th, Thursday, 17th, Thursday, 24th, Monday, 28th. MAY.-Thursday, 1st, Monday, 29th. JunY.-Thursday , 3rd, Monday , 7th, Monday , 28th , Thursday, 31st. AoansT-Thursday, 28th. SKPjnnsna .-- Thursday , 18th, Monday, 22nd, Thursday, 25th, Monday, 29th. OcroBaa. - Thursday , 2nd, Monday , 6th, Thursday ,9th, Monday, 13th, Thursday, 16th, Monday, 20th, Thursday, 23rd, Monday, 27th, Thursday, 30th. Novrm:ssa ,= Thursday, 27th. DzcaxB .- Monday, 1st, Thursday , 4th, Monday, 8th, Monday, 15th, Thursday, 18th.

EQUITY BUSINESS.

On the following Tuesdays, at 11 a.m.:- January 7th and 28th. March 25th. April let, 8th, 15th, 22nd, and 29th. July 1st, 8th, and 29th. September 23rd and 30th. October 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th. December 2nd, 9th , and 16th.

CHAMBER DAYS. Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at 10 a.m., when the Judge is in Brisbane, and not otherwise occupied as before indicated.

SUPREME COURT HOLIDAYS. 1862.-January let and 2nd. „ March 17th. June 6th , 7th, 20th, 21st, and 28th. GARDENINGCALENDAR.

Compiled expressly for Pugh 's Almanacs by Mr. WALrxa IftA 8operin. tendent of the Botanical Gardens, Brisbane.

JANUARY. f Fruit and Kitchen Garden - Watch the fluctuations of the weather, and endeavor to do all sowing and planting whilst the ground is in a me llow state . Sow turnips , spinach, French beans , peas . lettuce, radish, melons , cucumbers . Ground should be loosened among the orange trees and vines ; continue to remove shoots , tie up the bearing branches, Flower Garden and Shrubberies .- Continue to carefully regulate the growth of the twiners , but avoid tying them too close, and allowthem to grow accordingto theirnatural habit as much as circumstances wi ll admit . Weed and water well; dig up and store bulbs as soon as the leaves are withered. Field .- Break upland for wheat ; now barley for green crop plant maize for a winter crop, and perseve re in keeping down weeds in the cotton plantation.

FEBRUARY.

Fruit and Kitchen Garden .- Brocoli, and a few of the principaltable vegetables, such as beans,peas, onions, carrots, and salads , should be sown . Shalota should now be taken up if the leaves appear to decay . Cut herbs for drying . Aspara- gus beds to be kept clean. Flower Garden and Shrubberies.-Now is the beat season for observing the effect of the arrangement of the colors of dahlias, and if any alteration is deemed necessary , it should be carefully noted down , which will greatly facilitate its execution in the proper season for planting. .Z eld.-The different sorts of sorghum arriving at maturity should be cut, and the seed placed in an airy building. Saw Cape Barley , turnips (all sorts), and commence ploughing for crops,and plantpotatoes. 3O GARDENING CALENDAR.

MARCH.

Fruit and Kitchen Garden .- This is the period in which to lay the foundation of a sure supply of vegetables and salads for winter use. Onions , leeks, peas , beans, spinach, turnips , carrots, radish , lettuce, &c., may be sown . Transplant cauliflower, brocoli , cabbage , and celery . Ripening seeds to be daily gathe re d. Budding orange and other fruit trees should be proceededwith duringcloudy weather. Flower Garden and Shrubberies-Patches of some of the more showy annuals should now be sown in vacant places, which usually exist in the edge of clumps and borders . Season for planting bulbous roots , which require dry ground. Prepare stations pn lawns for extraordinary specimens of ornamental plants , as large pines, &c. Fish.- This is an excellent time to plant a full crop of potatoes . Sow wheat , barley, oats, clover , lucerne, all kinds of grassseeds for pasture, fodder, or bay. Maize arrivingat matu rity should be gathered , and placed in an airy and well ventilated building. APRIL.

Fruit and Kitchen Garden - Make sowing of peas, beans, and salading , and look well after thinnin gg young crops of turnips, srinach , left, ce, and celery , before tliey become weakly and drawn th rough standing too closely together . Stir the surface of the soil deeply among growing crops to admit air to the roots, and keep down weeds . New plantations of oranges , loquats, bananas, and pine apples may now be made , in order that the roots may get hold of the fresh soil be fore winter. Flower Garden and Shrubberies .- Proceed a ith the propaga- tion of favorite sorts of roses , which may be wanted to increase either by budding or cuttings . Remove suckers from worked plants . The present month is a favorable time for transplanting large size evergreenshrubs, trees , and herbaceousplants, so that the plants will have a chance of pushing a few roots to enable them to resist any cold dry winds duri ng winter . Plants shifted this month w ill require but little attention in the way of watering in spri ng , compared with others transplanted late in winter. Field - Sow wheat , oats , barley , and lucerne . Maize and the diffe re nt sorts of sorghum should be gathered as they ri pen. Potatoes w ill require to be kept clean of weeds. Gather cotton pods. GARDENING CALENDAR. 31

MAY.

Fruit and K itchen Gardena.-Look` over bananas, pine apples, oranges, and other fruit frequently , and gather it as it becomes ri pe. Earth up celery , and attend to keeping up a succession of peas, beans , turnips , carrots , and a supply of salading . , Trans- plant strawberries , artichokes , onions , &c. The cutting and drying of herbs, as they are ready, should be attended to. Go over the st ocks of trees which were budded in March , and let all the bandages be loosened. Flower Garden and Shrubbe ries.-Any of the shrubbery borders which may require a dressing of fresh soil and manure should be attended to. Plant hyacinths and such like bulbs. Pleld.-Oats and barley may still be sown, and the gathe ri ng of cotton pods be attended to. JUNE.

Fruit and Kitchen Garden.-Proceed with the pruning of vines, and hoe between cabbage, cauliflower, &c. `l his should be frequently done to the growing crops through the winter. s ow. for suc cession brocoli and cauliflower. Flower Garden and Shrubberies.-As cold nights may now he expected , scarce plants , which it may be desirable to secure before they are injured, should be carefully covered when there is the least cause to apprehend damage. Plant and re move roses , &c. See to securing a good stock of cuttings of petunias, geraniums , fuachias , for spring use. Field.-Sweet potatoes, yams. arrowroot, and ginger may now be dug up and used . Clover, lucerne, and all kinds of grass seeds for pasture may still be sown.

JULY. Fruit and Kitchen Garden .- The general thinning and pruning of the peach , nectarine , apple, pear, fig, orange , and other trues -should be finished. Clean asparagus and rhubarb beds, and plant hardy fr uit trees , as peach , cherry, apricot, quince, apple , pear, and almond . Manure deciduous fruit trees. Plower Garden and Shrubberies.- Now is the peri od for lay- ing the foundation of a fine lawn - the pri de of British gardening. Let all fresh turfing be complete , and take steps to fill up the beds in the flower garden as they are cleaned , for the purpose of contributing to the enjoyment of spri ng . Transplant lilies and tpe bulbs. , .- --Prepare the ground for potatoes and other summer growing crops. 32 GARDENING CALENDAR.

AUGUST. Fruit and Kikhen Garden -All operations connected with planting fruit trees should be finished. If left after this time they will require much attention in watering, especially if large plants are removed. Grafting should be proceeded with in the order in which the buds break. Sow pass and beans, cabbage, onions, parsnips, leeks, lettuce, &e. Earth up celery. Flower Garden and Sbrabberies .- Early overg rown herbaceous plants may now be divided ; the exte rior portion of the stools should be reserved , and the interior rejected . Continue planting lilies, crinums , and other bulbs. Flowering shrubs, such as magnolias , camellias, and asaless , may be transplanted. .Field.- Plant potatoes, rice, maize, and sow wheat, barley, and oats. - SEPTEMBER. & dt and. Kitchen Garden.-Let sowings of cucumbers, melons , vegetable marrows , French beans , ochro , and tomatoes be made. Transplant cabbage , &c., and see that recently transplanted-trees are not suffering for want of water. Get all grafting completed , and give support to the early peach trees. Cut asparagus and rhubarb. Plower Garden and Shrubberies will now be becoming a little cheerful , and the plants rapidly making up the time lost in winter. Beds of petunias and verbenas shonl3 be pegged down, so as not to be broken in stormy weather. Make h yers of camellias , azaleas , &o. This is a good time to sow E Man stocks , asters , and lupines. Meld-Sugar -cane , sweet potatoes , yams, and maize should be planted this month . Earth up potatoes and maize which pew nted last month. Make progress in haymaking and sow

OCTOBER. Fruit and Kitchen Garden.-Attend to the vines frequently for the purpose of stopping and shortening any gross shoots, and keeping the growth nicely regulated.. Gather mulberries, Cape gooseberries , tic., as they ripen . Sow melons , cucumbers, capsicums , tomatoes , kidney beans , and salading. Flower Garden and Shrubberies - Roses will be the great attraction , and these should be frequently looked over , removing decaying dowers . If these are allowed to bang on the plants, they have a very unsightly appearance , Stake and plant out dahlias , and make sowings of some of the most showy annuals. Continue planting justicias , goldfuschias , geraniums , fuschias, &e., &c. GARDENING CALENDAR. 33

Field.-The crops now begin in earnest to show promise of reward for the cultivator's toil. Sow cotton seeds, three in a hole; let the holes be four feet apart on sterile soil, and six feet apart on fertilesoil; the seeds are the betterfor being steeped in water a few hours previous to planting. When the plants are about six inches high, take out the two weakest , and leave only one strong one in each hole. Keep down weeds and loosen surface of the soil. Plant ginger, turmeric, yams, arkowroot, sweet potatoes, sugar-cane, sorghum, and cotton.

NOVEMBER.

Fruit and Kitchen Garden.-Peaches, loquats, pine apples, bananas, guavas, &c., such as are ripe or ripening, should be gathered when fit. Vines-loosen surface soil, keep down weeds, replace stakes where required, and destroy caterpillars and other insects. Transplant capsicums, lettuce, &c. Sow hibiscus, rosella,&c.

Flower Garden and Shrubberies.-Ply the scythe, hoe, and rake diligently, and at all times remove dead flowers. Look to the tying up of dahlias, &c. Field.-Attend to the plantations of sugar- cane , arrowroot, sorghum, ginger, and cotton. Destroy weeds while young, and for this purpose use hand and horse hoe, as soon as the crops will admit of the operation. The hay harvest should be coon. plated this month. The crops of wheat will be ready for the sickle, and will require the farmer's ca'eful attention to get the harvesting finished.

DECEMBER.

Fruit and Kitchen Garden.-G rapes and other fruit should be gathered as it becomes fit.

Flower Garden and Shrubberies.-There is little to attend to in this department at the present time, except keeping every- thing and every place as neat and tidy as possible. Dig up and storebulbs as soon as the leaves arewithered.

Field.-Cotton plants must be kept free from weeds, surface soil loosened, and the superfluous shoots thinned out. Dig out the crop of potatoes, if ripe, for if left in the ground they will rot. GOVERNMENTDEPARTMENTS.

EXECUTIVE. Governor- His Excellency Sir George Ferguson Bowen, Knight Grand Cross of St . Michael and St. George , Captain- General and Governor -in-Chief of Queensland and its Depen- dencies , and Vice-Admiral of the same. Private Secretary and Aide -de-Camp -Lieut. Seymour, 12th Regiment. Colonial Sec re tary - The Hon . Robert George Wyndham Herbert. Colonial Treasurer - The Hon . Robert Ramsay Mackenzie Attorney- General-The Hon. Ratcliffe Pring Clerk of the Executive Coupcil-Arthur Wilcox Manning. --a -- LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. President -The Hon . Mau ri ce Charles O'Connell Chairman of Committees - The Hon . D. F. Roberts Clerk of the Council and of the Parliaments- Henry Johnson Librarian-Rev. J. R. Moffatt elerk- Assistant - Robert Francis Allwood Usher of the Black Rod - Francis Robert Chester Master Messeeger - James Doyle.

LIST OF MEMBERS. Balfour, the Hon. John Barker, the Hon. William Bigge, the Hon. Francis Edward Brown, the Hon. Alfred Henry Compignd, the Hon. Alfred William Fitz, the Hon. Henry Bates Fullerton, the Hon. George Galloway, the Hon. John James Harris, the Hon. George Hobbs, the Hon. William Laidley, the Hon. James M`Dougall, the Hon. John Frederick Massie, the Hon. Robert George GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS. 35

McConnell, the Hon. John Nicholson, Sir Charles, Bart . O'Connell, the Hon. Maurice Charles, President Roberts, the Hon. Daniel Foley, Chairman of Committees Simpson, the Hon. Stephen Wood , the Hon . Western Yaldwyn , the Hon . Wil liam Henry

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Speaker-Tbe Hon. Gilbert Eliott Chairman of Committees-Charles W. Blakeney Clerk of the Assembly-Lewis Adolphus Bernays Clerk Assistant-Henry Reginald Buttenshaw Short-hand Writers and Clerks of Committees-Arthur E. Deighton and Charles Haines Barlee. Sergeant-at-Arms-R. J. Coley Messenger john Baileff.

LIST OF MEMBERS. Blakeney, Charles William, (Brisbane) Challinor, Henry, (West Moreton) Coxen, Charles, (Northern Downs) Cribb, Robert, (Brisbane) Cribb, Benjamin, (West Moreton) Edmondstone , George , (East Moreton) Forbes, Frederick Augustus, (Ipswich) Ferrett, John, (Maranon) Fleming , Joseph, (West Moreton) Gore, St. George Richard, (Warwick) Hal Charles Robert, (the Burnett) Herbert, the Hon. Robert George Wyndham, (the Leichhardt) Lilley, Charles, (Hamlet of Fortitude Valley) Macalister, Arthur, (Ipswich) Mackenzie , the Hon . Robert Ramsay , (the Burnett) Moffatt, Thomas De Lacy, (Western Downs) O'Sullivan, Patrick, (Ipswich) Pring, the Hon. Ratcliffe (Eastern Downs) Raff, George, (Brisbane) Richards , Henry, (South Brisbane) Royds, Charles James, (the Leichhardt) Sandeman , Alfred, (Port Curtis) Speaker, the Hon. the (Gilbert Eliott), (Wide Bay) Taylor, James, (Western Downs) Warry, Thomas Symes, (East Moreton) Watts, John, (Drayton and Tcowoomba) **C 36 GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS.

THE DEPARTMENTS. -.-

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE, Williams Street. Colonial Secretary-The Hon. It. G W. Herbert Principal Under Secretary-Arthur Wilcox Manning Clerks-William Henry Day (1st class ), Thomas Fitzarthur Smythe and Francis Turner (2nd class), John Alexander Boyce (3idclass). Clerk to H. E, Private Sec.-C. Carrington.

--- THE TREASURY. Ofice-George and Queen Streets. Treasurer-The Hon. Robert Ramsay Mackenzie Under Secretary-Arthur Edward Dodwell Clerks-George Turner, Henry Hoghton Gat class), Henry Bulgin, R. J. Coley, jun., and It. B. Cullen (2nd class).

-4-•

AUDIT OFFICE. Office in the Treasury Buildings. Auditor-General - Henry Buckley Chief Clerk-Francis Orr Bryant

-+-

POSTAL DEPARTMENT. Acting Postmaster-General-The Hon. It. R. Mackenzie Postal Inspector -Thomas Lodge Murray Prior Postmaster -E. Barney Clerks-A. Nightingale (1st class ), W. It. Barney, E. B. L. Hitehins , and John Smith (2nd class ), J. E. O. Daly (3rd class). Messenger and Sorter-R. Carter Letter Carriers-John Kelly, Joseph Davis, and W. M`Cul- lough (Brisbane ), and John Evans, Ipswich Extra Sorter, &c.-D. A. Day. I For list of Country Offices, see 11Postal Information."] GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS. 37

COLONIAL ARCHITECT. Office-Albert Street. Colonial Architect - Charles Tiffin Chief Clerk - Edward Deighton Clerks of Works-William Holloway Chambers and Septimus Nash Spong.

ROADS DEPARTMENT. Office-Queen Street. Surveyor of Roads-Francis Edward Roberts Draftsman and Clerk-Henri Willson Haseler Clerk (2nd class )-Allan R. Wittenhall Foremen of Works-David Ferdinando Longland, Thomas B. Yates , and James Watts. -+-- CROWN LANDS DEPARTMENT. Office-William Street. Surveyor-General-Augustus Charles Gregory Deputy Survevor•General and District Surveyor of Southern District-M. E. L. Burrowes District Surveyor (Rockhampton)-A. F. Wood Surveyors (1st Class)-Henry Haege (Darling Downs) ; H. C. Rawnsley (Moreton); Robert Austin (Maranon); C. F. Gregory (Leichhardt) Marine Surveyor-G. V. Heath, R.N. Senior Surveyor (Second Class)-C. Stuart (Rockhampton) ; R. Scott (ditto); W. M. Davidson (Maryborough) Licensed Surveyors-J. Warner, F. D'Arcy (Brisbane) ; A. Lindo (Ipswich); J. Buchanan (Maryborough); J. H. Permien (Rockhampton); G. L. Pratten, L. F. Landsberg, and E. W. Pechey (Darling Downs) ; C. Colquhoun.

Drafting Branch. Chief Draftsman- E. J. Bennett Draftsmen -F. H. Warner and W. Scary Lithographic Printer-H. G. Eaton. ClericalBranch. Chief Clerk-A. O. Herbert. Clerks-G. Huntley (1st Class) ; W. O. Norris (2nd Clans) ; A. Bulgin (3id Class) ; T. W. Poulden (Supernumerary Clerk). Office-keeper- C. Murphy Clerk and Office-keeper (Rockhampton)-G. A. D. Taaffe. 38 GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS.

Commisek hers of Crown Lands. Chief Commissioner-A. C. Gregory. Commissioners -W. H. Wiseman (Leiohhardt); M. E. L. Burrowes (Moreton ) ; J. Jardine (Port Curtis -unsettled and intermediate districts); A. F. Wood (Port Curtis--settled dis- tricts) ; H. Haege (Darling Downs) ; P. Macarthur (Maranoa East) ; R. Austin (Maranoa West); G. E. Dalrymple (Kennedy) ; G. F. Gregory (Leichhardt).

LAND BOARD. Members-The Colonial Treasurer, the Surveyor-General, and Principal Under Secretary. Secretary- Arthur Orpen Herbert.

DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS. Collector of Customs-William Thornton (who also acts in the capacity of Water Police Magistrate). Brisbane-Port of Moreton Bay. Tide Surveyor-Alexander Macdonald. Landing Waiter and Inspector of Bonded Stores.-William Haynes Chief Clerk- Daniel Rountree Somerset Second Clerk (Ist class)-William Conolly Locker-W. G. Chancellor . Messenger and Keeper of the Powder Magazine-Peter Bartley. Ipswich. ,Sub-Collector-Albert Moxwell Hutchinson Wide Bay. Sub Collector- Richard Bingham Sheridan Second Officer-Thomas Abcott *** The Sub-Collector acts also as Water Police Magistrate and Harbour Master. Port Curtis. Sub-Collector-William Edward Hilliard (who also acts as Harbour Master). Boekhampton. Sub-Collector-William John Brown Second Officer-Frederick Kilner. Port Denison. Sub-Collector-James Gordon GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS. 39

STEAM NAVIGATION BOARD. ,Members-William Thornton ( Chairman ), Richard James Coley, and Charles Tiffin Shipwright Surveyor-John Petrie Engineer Surveyor-F. E. Roberts Secretary -William Conolly

-4 -- HARBOUR MASTER'S DEPARTMENT. Harbour Master-W. H. Geary, R.N. Shipping Master-Richard Drew Pilots-W. A. Curphy, it. H. Sholl, and H. Wyborn (Moreton Bap); S. Rundle (Rockhampton); James Sinclair (Port Curtis and Keppel Bay); D. Sinclair (Port Denison-Also acts as Harbour Master) Master of " S itfire"-Bousfield Keeper of Lighthouse- James Brayden

T PILOT BOARD. Members-Henry Richards, ?4.P., Richard James Coley, Alexander R-aff, and Robert Douglas.

LLOYDS' AGENT. Richard James Coley -4-- CONSULS. Belgium-George Harris, M.L.C. Hamburg- George Appel Oldenburg-George Reinhardt Francksen United States- John Evans Brown -t - IMMIGRATION OFFICE. Immigration Agent-Arthur Clark Kemball Matron-Sophia Morphy Board of Immigration-Arthur Clark Kemball, Arthur Wil- cox Manning, William Henry Geary, and William Hobbs Health Officer-Dr. Hobbs Agent for the Colony in England-H. Jordan Agent for the Colony in Germany-J. C. Heussler 40 GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS.

MEDICAL BOARD. President - George Fullerton, M.D. Members-Drs . Cannan, Hobbs , Be ll, and Barton Honorary Secretary - A. C. Kemball.

REGISTRAR -GENERAL. Qffice-Oteorge Street. Registrar -General - Frederick Orme Darvall Deputy -Registrar - Rev. Robert Creyke Clerk-Seth Lotbrop Peterson (2nd class) Clerk for Entering Deeds-G . A. Watson Messenger - G. Dickens. Di8triet Registrars. Condamine - R. G. H. Fotheringhain, C.P.B. Dalby-F W. Roche Drayton-G . H. Loveday , C.P.S. Gayndah-M. Airey, C.P.S. Ipswich-W . Hendren K ennedy-James Gordon , C.P.S. Leicbhardt - A. E. Douglas , C.P.S. (Taroom) Maryborough - C. S. Hawthorne (chief constable) Port Curtis-John Score Powe Rockhampton - F. N. Beddek , C.P.S. Warwick-Jonathan Harris. -4

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH DEPARTMENT. Central Office, William Street. General Superintendent--3. J. Austin BazssA NE- Operating Clerks-H . Burkitt , B. de E. Hanna Ipswich -- Station Master - W. J. Cracknell ; Line Inspector and Repairer - J. Cramp Batton-Junior Clerk in charge Toowoomba-Station Master-O. G. Langley Drayton-Line Inspector in charge - C. M. Winniett Warwick-Station Master-A . F. Matveieff ; Line Inspector and Repairer - T. Towell Lytton-Ofcer of Customs in charge - A. McDonald.

-+- BOTANIC GARDENS. (Open daily , from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.] Director and Supeiintendent - Walter Hill. LAW.

SUPREME COURT. Judge-The Hon. Alfred James Peter Lutwyche. Prothonotary and Registrar-dohn Abraham. Judge's Associate- T. Belson Wright. Curator of Intestate Estates-William Pickering. Tipstaffand Court-keeper-R.Thorrold.

CROWN LAW OFFICES. Attorney-General-The Hon. Ratcliffe Pring. Clerk-William Nunn Poole. Crown-Solicitor-Robert Little. Clerk-Edwin Norris.

SHERIFF'S OFFICE Sheriff-William Anthony Brown. Clerk-William Theophilus Blakeney. Bailiffs-Jeremiah Daly (Brisbane); Charles Davis (Ipswich) ; William Malony (Toowoomba); William Gunn (Marybotough); Joseph Lyle (Rockhampton). -.- INSOLVENT COURT. Chief Commissioner-His Honor the Judge. Official Assignee-William Pickering. --4-- VICE-ADMIRALTY COURT. Judge-His Honor the Judge. Registrar-Frederick Orme Darvall. Marshall-William Anthony Brown.

-4-- CORONERS. Brisbane-Kearsey Cannan, M.D. Ipswich- Thomas Rowlands. Darling Downs-William Armstong, lll.D. Warwick-Samuel William Aldred. Gayndah-W. H. Stevenson, M.D. Rockhampton-William Callaghan. 42 LAW.

MARRIAGE OF MINORS. The following Magistrates are appointed to give consent to the marriage of minors within their several districts Bris- bane : W. Thornton , W. A. Brown,-and W. Pickering. Ips- wich :- Po llet Cardew . Dar li ng Downs :- W. Armstrong and J. C. White . Warwick :- J. W. Buckland . Maryborough :- R. B. Sheridan . Gayndah :- Gilbert W . Eliott . Leichhardt : - John Scott . Surat :- P. Maca rt hur. t GAOL. Gaoler- Mr. Samuel Sneyd. Matron-Mrs . Sneyd. Visitipg Justice--J. F. Macdougall. Visiting Surgeon-K. Canaan. Ohaplams- Rev. J. R. Moffatt, C.E.; Rev Dr. Cani, C.R. Clerk- [Vacant at time of publication]. Principal Turnkey Wi lliam Gi llan. Turnkeys- Edward Armstrong, Patrick Bradley, John Bag- nall, John, Hurford, Michael Connor, Charles Bragg, James Tredennick, Henry Cox, Richard Whitehead, Robert Loague. - Female Turnkey, Susan Carrig. Lunatic Asylum. (Under the control of the Sheriff.) Superintendent - Samuel Sneyd. Matron-Mrs . Sneyd. Medical Officer-K. Canaan. Warders-George Robinson , John Phillips , Joseph Free, (one more to be appointed ).- Female Warder , Susan Carrig.

-4- POLICE. Clerk of the Department - John M `Donnell. BANANA-C .P.B. (not yet appointed ); 3 constables. BErsBANE- Police Magistrate - Wi lliam Anthony Brown ; Cle* Petty Sessions-Arthur Algernon May; Chief Consta- ble-T. J. Grifn ; 29 constables. BuaoaWAnoOBAI ( MOUNTABUNDANCE .)- C.P.S.-(not yet ap- pointed) ;' 3 constables. CArsasDooN-C .P.S.-Alexander Lumsdaine; Chief Consta- ble-M . Fogarty ; 3 constables. CONDAMmr- C.P.S.-R. J. H. Fotheringham ; Chief Con- stable--J.',Devine ; 3 constables. DAx.Bv',- C.P.S.-F . S. Bowerman ; Chief Constable - J. Skelton ;,3 constables. LAW. 43

DRAYTON AND TobwoomBA- Police Magistrate - Frederick Rawlins ; C.P.S.-G. H. Loveday; Chief Constable-W. Murphy; 5 constables. GAYNDAH- Police Magistrate- Michael Haynes ; C.P.S.-M. Aitey; Chief Constable-M. E Perase; 3 constables. GLaDSTONE--C.P.S.-L. $. Young; Chief Constable-W. Bindon ; 4 constables. Irswicn-Police Magistrate-Colonel Gray; C.P.S.-Fre- derick Charles Daveney; Chief Constable-Edward Quinn ; 18 constables. LEYRuRN- 2 constables. MARYROROUQH-Police Magistrate -John Kent ; C.P.S.-W. Miller; Chief Constable - C. S. Hawthorne ; 5 constables. M'INTYRE BRoos -- 1 constable. NANASao--C.P.S.-W. Smith; District Constable-W. Wil- liams ; 3 constables. PORT DENisoN- Police Magistrate - George Elphinstone Dalrymple; C.P.S.-James Gordon. RocBgAntrxox-Police Magistrate-John Jardine ; C. P. S.- F. N. Beddek ; Chief Constable--J. Foran ; 5 constables. TAROOm-C.P.S.-A. E. Douglas; District Constable-John Conroy ; 3 constables. WARWIC%-Police Magistrate-A. E. Halloran; C.P.S.- Herbert Evans; Chief Constable-W. G. Watts; 4 constables. --4- NATIVE POLICE. Head Quarters, Rockhampton. Commandant-John O'Connell Bligh. First Division (Port Curtis and Leichhardt)- Lieutenant Commanding -G. P. M. Murray. Second Lieutenants--J. T. Baker , A. M. Patrick , It. It. Morissett , E. G. Genatas, T. S. Wi lliams , and W . Cave. 7 camp sergeants , and 60 troopers. Second Division (Wide Bay and Barnett )- Lieutenant Com- manding --J. Murray. Second Lieutenant-C. J. Blakeney. 1 camp sergeant , and 18 troopers. Third Division (Maranoa, &c.)-Lieutenant Commanding- F. W. Carr. Second Lieutenants- W. Moorehead and J. Mar- low. 2 camp sergeants, and 24 troopers. .Fourth Division (Moreton Bay )- Second Lieutenant Com- manding - Frede ri ck Wheeler. 1 camp sergeant , and 8 troopers. Fifth Division (the Kennedy)-Lieutenant Commanding-D. F. '1` Powell.. Second Lieutenant-E. G. Williams. 1 camp sergeant , and 18 troopers. MISCELLANEOUS.

MUNICIPAL COUNCILS. BRISBANE-The Worshipful the Mayor-*John Petrie. Aldermen-*P. Mayne, *Thomas Blacket Stephens, Robert Cribb, George Warren, Wi lliam Samuel Sutton, George Ed- mondstone , Joshua Jeays, and John Jones. Auditors-R. F. Phelan and Shepherd Smith. Town Clerk-William M. Boyce. City Surveyor-Christopher Porter. Rate Collector-F. Hingston. IrswIcH-The Worshipful the Mayor-John Murphy. Aldermen- Charles Watkins , John Johnstone, G. O'Malley, *Thomas Stanley, John Clune, Christopher Gorry, *.[ohn Malbon Thompson, and *John Pettigrew. Auditors-John Blaine and D. Collins. Town Clerk-J. Arkins. ToowooataA-The Worshipful the Mayor-William Henry Groom. Aldermen- Mark M'Carthy, James Berkman, *John Robertson, *William Shuttlewood, *Martin Boulton, James Peardon . Patrick Ryan , and Frederick Mole. Town Clerk- Robert Dexter. MARYBOROUGH-The Worshipful the Mayor-J. Eaton. Aldermen-J. Cleary, J. Booker, *J. Dowzpr, V. Purser. *James Chiam. Town Clerk-W. J. Inman. Town Surveyor -J. Buchanan. RoesaAnrvox-The Worshipful the Mayor-John Palmer. Aldermen-R . M'Kelligett, J. Ward, V. Stevens, *P. D. Mans- field, and *A. Grant. Auditors-J. A. Larnach and W. Ross. Town Clerk-F. K. Mylne. WARWICK-The Worshipful the Mayor-J. Kingsford. Aldermen -W. Craig, J. Morgan , J. M'Evoy, S. Aldred, G. Kennedy, *C. B. Daveney, *J. Allen, and *P. Fleming. Town Clerk-J. Oxenham. [Those marked with an asterisk (*) retire in February , but are eligible for re-election.]

BOARD OF EDUCATION.' Hon. R . R. Mackenzie (Chairman) Members-J. F. Macdougall, G. Raff, W. Hobbs, W. H. Day, and W. J. Munce Inspector of Schools-Randal Macdonnell Secretary to the Board-Robert Bourne Architect to the Board-Christopher Porter.

Colonial Agents for Queensland in London-F. Mangles & Co., Old Broad Street COMMISSION OF THE PEACE. 45

Scab Inspectors - G. Appel (Brisbane ), James Morgan (War- wick ), and Leonard Young ( Rockhampton) . Exhibition of 1862 - Commissioners for Queensland in London -M. H. Marsh , M.P. (chairman ), Alfred Denison ; and Arthur Hodgson . Secretary - Henry Jordan Board for Examining Stores-Henry Buckley (chairman), Wi lliam Anthony Brown , and Art hur Wilcox Manning Meteorological Observer- Frederick James Barton (Brisbane).

COMMISSIONOF THE PEACE: t ALDRED, Samuel William , Warwick Alexander , Robert , Proston , Gayndah Anderson , Peter Dalgarius , Gigoomgan , Wide Bay Archer, Charles , Gracemere , Rockhampton Archer, Colin , Gracemere , Rockhampton Armstrong , William , Drayton Austin, Robert, Maranon

BALvoun, The lion . John , Colinton, Ipswich Barker , Bryce Thomson , Nanango Barker , David , Nanango Belt , Wil liam , Westbrook , Drayton Bell , Joshua Peter , .Jimbour, Dalby Bigge, The Hon . Francis Edward , Mount Brisbane , Ipswich Black , John Richard , Dunmore, Dalby Bligh , John O'Connell , Commandant Native Police Bloomfield , Robe rt , Pike 's Creek , Warwick Bloomfield , Edward Cordeaux , Port Curtis Borton , Frederick , Banana , Rockhampton Boyle , Henry, Brisbane Broadbent, John, Rawbelle, Gayndah Brock , Osmond de Prior, Wetheron , Gayndah Bro ughton , Alfred Delves , Police Magistrate , Drayton Brown , William Anthony , Sheriff Brown, The Hon. Alfred Henry , Fort Curtis B rown, Arthur , Wide Bay Brown , John Evans, Maranon Brown , William John , Water Police Magistrate , Rockhampton Buckland , James Warwick , Rosenthal , Warwick Buckley, Henry, Auditor General , Brisbane 46 COMMISSION OF THE PEACE.

CAMEROx, Daniel, Leichhardt Cardew , Pollet, Rhossili , Ipswich Carr, F. W ., Lieutenant Native Police Caswell , --, Gayndah Challinor , Henry, Ipswich Charters , Wi lliam Skelton Ewbank Melbourne , Commander of Maranoa Mounted Patrol Clapperton, George, Tarong, Nanango Clayton, Octavius Plater, Boomba, Maranoa Clark, Charles, Warwick, Darling Downs Clark, Charles James, Port Curtis Cobham, Richard Compignd, The Hon. Alfred William, Nindooinbah, Albert River Connor, Daniel, Collaroy, Rockhampton Cowper, William, Goomburra, Warwick Coxen , Henry William , Maranon Coxeu , Charles, Dalby Cribb, Benjamin , Ipswich Cribb, Robert, Brisbane

DALaYMPLE, George Elpbinstone, Commissioner of Crown Lands, Kennedy District Darby, Arthur Sydney, Warkon, Maranoa Darvall , Frede ri ck Orme, Brisbane Daveney, Charles Beevor , Warwick Davidson , Gilbert, Canning Downs, Warwick Davidson, Walter , Canning Downs , Warwick Day, Edward Denny , Police Magistrate, Maitland, New South Wales Deuchar , John , Glengallan, Warwick Dorsey, William McTaggart , Grantham , Ipswich Douglas , Robe rt , Kangaroo Point, Brisbane Douglas , John, Rockhampton Drury , Edward Ro be rt, Brisbane Dutton, Charles Boydell, Gingindah, Leichhardt

EASmox, Frederick Charles , Tarawinaba , Callandoon Easton, Henry Edward , Billa Billa, Callandoon Edmondstone , George, Brisbane Ellis, Henry , Deepwater, Surat Elliott, The Hon. Gilbert, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly Elliott , Thomas , Tilpal , Rockhampton Elliott , Gilbert William, Gayndah

FAIRCLOTn, George, Ipswich COMMISSION OF THE PEACE. 47

Ferrett , John , Condamine Fitz , The Hon . Henry Bates , Pilton , Drayton Fitzsimmons , Charles , Rockhampton Fleming, Joseph , Ipswich Forbes , George Edward, Colinton Forbes, Frederick Augustus , Ipswich Forsyth , John , Gladstone

GADEN, William Henry , Canons Galbraith, Alexander, Burrandowan, Gayndah Galloway , The Hon . John James , Norman 's Hi ll , Brisbane Gardiner , Frede rick, Callandoon Geary, Wil li am Henry, Harbour Master , Bri sbane Geary , Edward Montague , Jimbour, Dalby Gibbon, James , Brisbane Gill espie , Thomas , Warwick Gibson , James, Chinchilla , Condamine Gordon , Wil liam Pile, Surat Gore , St. George Richard , Lyndhurst, Warwick Grant, Alexander Ogilvie , Dalganga ll, Gayndah Gray , George Johnston , Leichhardt Gray, Charles George, Police Magistrate , Ipswich Gray, Walter, Ipswich Gregory, Henry Churchsgan , Palm Tree Creek , Taroom Gregory . Charles Frede ri ck , Commissioner of Crown Lands, Marsnoa Gregory, Augustus Charles, Surveyor-General

HAEuE, Henry , Commissioner of Crown Lands , Drayton Halloran , Arthur Edward , Police Magistrate , Warwick Haly, Charles Robert, Taabinga , Gayndah Hardie , John, Fassifern , Ipswich Harris, The Hon . George, Brisbane Hay, James Leith , Rockhampton Hay, Houston Stewart Dalrymple , Macintyre Brook Haynes, Michael, Police Magistrate , Gayndah Henderson , Andrew Inglis , Jimboomba , Logan River Herbert, The Hon. Robert George Wyndham, Colonial Secretary, Brisbane Henning, Edward Biddulph , Marlborough , Rockhampton Henry, Ernest , Mount McConnell , K ennedy $rllyard, W illiam Edward , Water Police Magistrate , Gladstone Heussler , John Christian , Mebane Hirst , William Henry , Warra Warra, Dalby Hope, The Hon, Louis, Kilcoy, Ipswich Ilodgson , Arthur, Sydney, New South Wales 48 COMMISSION OF THE PEACE.

Hood, Thomas Hood, Talgai, Warwick Hovell, William Hilton, Goulburn, New South Wales Hutchinson , Frederick R., Widgee Widgee, Maryborough Hunter , William , Maranoa Holt, William Harvey, Kolonga, Gayndah

ISAAC, Frederick Neville , Gowrie, Darling Downs

JARDINE.John , Police Magistrate , Gladstone Jones, Thomas, Baramba, Nanango Jones, David Maunder, Boonara, Gayndah Jordan, Henry, Brisbane KEMBALL,Arthur Clark, Immigration Agent, Brisbane Kennedy, William Francis, Tieryboo, Condamine Kent, W., Jun., Rosalie Plains, Dalby Kent, John, Police Magistrate, Maryborough LAIDLEY, The Hon. James, Ipswich Lamb, Edward William, Ipswich Lamotte, Frederick Charles, Terringarrin, Gayndah Landsborough, James, Gladstone Landsborougb, William, Rockhampton Lawless, Clement, Boombigan, Gayndah Lawless. Paul, Boombigan, Gayndah Larnaeb , John Alexander, Rockhampton Lawson, Alexander Robertson, Burnett Lawson, Robert, Gayndah Lethbridge, Christopher, Gladstone Lester, Leonard ,Edward, Coochin, Ipswich Living, John, Port Curtis Livingstone, John, Gayndah Lucas, Francis Norman, Ipswich MACARTHDR,Patrick, Commissioner of Crown Lands, Maranoa Mac Connell, The Hon. John, Cressbrook, Ipswich McArthur, Jo rn, Glenelg, Warwick Macarthur, Arthur Hannibal, Maroonan, New England Mc Donald, John McPherson, Callandoon McDougall, The Hon. John Frederick, Milton, Brisbane McDougall , Donald Norris , Texas, Severn River Macdonald , Chessborough Claudius, Burnett Macdonald, Charles E. S'ewart, Caliguel, Condamine Macartney , John Arthur, Glenmore, Rockhampton Mackey, Colin Campbell, Rockhampton Mackenzie, The Hon. Robert Ramsay, Colonial Treasurer, Rinellan, Brisbane COMMISSION OF THE PEACE. 49

McLean, John Donald, Westbrook, Dra M Lerie , John, Inspector of Police, Sy4noy Manning, Arthur Wilcox , Under Colonial Secretary, Brisbane Mant , George , Gigoomgan , Wide Bay Marsh , Charles William , Maryland Marshall , Richard Purvis , Calandoon Master , Francis Robert Cheater , Usher of the Black Rod, Brisbane Massie, The Hon. Robe rt George, Toolburra , Warwick May ne, John Colburn, Weranga, Dalby Moffatt, Thomas De Lacy, Ipswich More ton, The Hon. Berkely Basil, Wethernn , Gayndah Moriarty , Abram Orper , Chief Commissioner of Crown Lands, Sydney , New South Wales Morisett, Edrie Norfolk Vans , New South Wales Morton, Frederick, Gladstone Murray, John , Lieutenant Native Police Murphy , John, Mayor , Ipswich Mylne , Graham, Eatanswi ll , Clarence River

Nionon , Henry Hedger , Ballandean , Warwick I%orman, Wil liam Henry , Commander of the Victorian Govern- ment Steamer Vwtoria North , Joseph, Ipswich North , Wil liam, Ipswich North, Samuel, Water Police Magistrate, Sydney

O'CoxaELL, The Hon . Maurice Charles , Gladstone , Port Curtis Owen, Charles Al fred, Yandilla, Drayton

PALMER,Arthur Hunter , Bungil , Maranna Palmer , Edward Fielding , Maryborough Palmer, Henry , Maryborough Palmer, Richard Elliott , Uladstone Parton , John , Ipswich Petrie, John , Mayor , Brisbane Philp, Wil liam Haig , Calland-on Pickering , William, Official Assignee, Brisbane Pigott, Peter, Gayndah Powell, Frederick John, Lieutenant Native Police Prior, Thomas Lodge Murray, Postmaster-General, Brisbane RAs, A. J., Tieryboo, Condamine Rawnsley , Henry, Gayndah Ramsay , John Bonar Peter , Canoona , Rockhampton Radfo rd, Henry Wyatt, Prmchester , Rockhampton *D 50 COMMISSION OF THE PEACE.

Radford, John Robert, Rockhampton Rankin, John, Ipswich Ra:F, George, Moraybank, Brisbane Raff, Alexander, Brisbane Reid , James Blain , Maryborough Richards , Henry, Brisbane Riley, Alexander Raby, Tenterfield, New South Wales Bobson, Hugh, Rockhampton Roche, Frederick William, Daiby Rolleston, Christopher, Registrar-General of New South Wales, Sydney Rowlands Thomas, Coroner, Ipswich Royds, Charles James, Jnandah, Dawson River Royds, Edward Molyneux, Dawson River Russell, Henry Stuart, Sydney, New South Wales Rawson, William, Rosewood, Ipswich

SWOSNAa, Gordon, Burrandowan, Gayndah Sandeman, Alfred, Drayton Scott, John, Palm Tree Creek, Leichhardt Scott, David Charles Frederick, Police Magistrate , Sydney, New South Wales Scott , James Hall, Retreat . Callandoon Selheim , Philip Alexander, Strathmore, Kennedy Sezocald, George Pearce, Cockatoo, Taroom She ridan, Richard Bingham, Collector of Customs, Maryborongh Sinclair , The Rev . Duncan M'Diarmid, Wombo Slack, John Richard, Coolaharhor, Maranoa Smith , Richard Joseph, Ipswich Smith, Shepherd, Ipswich Stewart, W illiam R., Peak Downs, Rockhampton Stephens, Thomas Blacket, Brisbane Stevenson , William Henry, Gayndah Strathdee, Robert, Gayndsh St. Jean, Ernest De, Gowrie, Drayton

TAYnoa,James , Toowoomba Thomas, Alfred Cayley Dykehead, Gayndah Thompson, Archibald McMurdo, Taroom Thornton, William, Collector of Customs, Brisbane Turner, William, Helidon Turner, John Burrow, Brisbane Tom, Henry, Yuleba, Condamine

Uns, Edmund Blucher, Wide Bay COMMISSION OF THE PEACE. 51

'VIONOLLES, Frances Durell, Western Creek, Drayton Vicke ry , T . W., Canoona , Rockhampton

WeLxzz, Robe rt George , Lieutenant Native Police Watts , John , Eton Vale , Drayton Warry, Thomas Symes , Brisbane Webb, George Dudley, •Biisbane Wienholt , Arnold, Maryvale , Warwick Wienholt , Edward, Rosalie Plains, Dalby Whitchurch , John Samuel , Felton , Drayton White , William Ducket , Beaudesert , Logan River White, James Charles , Jondaryan, Dalby White, Robert Henry Driburg. Toowoomba Wickham, John Clements , Brisbane Wilson, John Kerr, Wombo Wilson, George Hen ry , Ipswich Wilson, Robert Kerr, Dalby Wiseman, Wil liam Hen ry , Commissioner of Crown Lands, Leichhardt Wood, Arthur Francis, Rockhampton Wood , The Hon. Western , Gayndah

Y,tLVwYN, The Hon. Wi lliam Hen ry , Taroom

MINISTERS OF RELIGION.

Church of England. - Bailey, Rev . Philip Richard Spry, Ips- wich ; Bliss , Rev. John, M.A., (Oxon .), Brisbane ; Glennie, Rev. Benjamin , B.A., (Cantab.), Warwick ; Jones , Rev. Thomas, Rockhampton ; Mackenzie , Rev, Duncan Campbell , Gayndah ; Matthews , Rev. James , Warwick ; Moffatt , Rev. James Robert, M.A., (Dublin ), K angaroo Point, Brisbane ; Moberly, Rev. Edmund George , Dalby ; Mosely , Rev. John , Fortitude Valley, Brisbane ; Ransome, Rev . Vincent Frede rick , Toowoomba; Rumsey, Rev . Lacy H.. M.A., (Oxon.), Ipswich ; Sutton, Rev. John , B.A., (Oxon .), Gladstone ; Tomlinson , Rev. John, B.A. ((lion. ), Brisbane , (Chaplain to the Bishop ) ; Tufnell, Right Rev. Edward Wyndham, D .D., Bishop of the Diocese of B ris- bane. Roman Catholic C7swrch.- Cani, Rev. John , Brisbane ; Hode- bourg , Rev. Falgentius , Ipswich ; M Ginty, Rev. William , ditto ; Malony , Rev. James , Brisbane ; Duhig , Rev. Patrick, ditto ; **p 52 MINISTERS OF RELIGION.

Quinn , Right Rev . James, D .D., Bishop of the R .C. Diocese; Rigney , Very Rev . John , Dean , (absent ) ; Renehan, Rev. Michael , Mary borough ; Tissot Rev Paul ditto. Church of Scotland .-( Synod of Australia )- Nelson, Rev. Walter Lambie , L.L.D., Ipswich ; Reed, Rev . George M., ditto. Presbyte rian Church .-( Synod of Eastern Australia .)- Boag, Rev. Robert , Drayton and Tonwoomba ; Kelly, Rev. Samuel, Rockhampton ; Ogg, Rev. Charles, Brisbane (Moderator) ; Sinclair , Rev. Duncan M`Diarmid , Condamine. Presbyterian Church .--( Syn od of New South Wales .)- Kings. fold, Rev . Thomas, Warwick ; Wagner , Rev. Gottf ried, German Station, B risbane. Presbyterian Church .- Mowbray , Rev. Thomas , B risbane. Wesleyan - Methodist Church - - Curnow , Rev. William, Ips- wich ; Fletcher , Rev. Jos. H., Brit-bane ; Turner, Rev . Nathaniel, ditto; Wilson, Rev. William , Warwick. Independent Church .- Drane , Rev. J. W. C., Ipswich ; Griffith . Rev. Edward , Brisbane ; Savage, Rev . Samuel, Rock- bampton ; Waraker , Rev. John Thomas , Tonwoomba. Baptist Church - Hinton , Rev. Josiah Taylor , Maryborough ; Roberts, Rev. William S., Ippswich ; Wilson , Rev. Benjamin Gilmore , B.M., Brisbane ; W'Vibon,Rev . R. R., Gayndab. Lutheran Church .- Schirmeister , Rev. C. F. A. F., German Station. Primitive Methodist Church-Colley , Rev. William , Brisbane.

.4 - BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS.

BRISBANE. Bank of New South Wales .- Manager , Shepherd Smith. Discount Days- Wednesday and Saturday. Union Bank of Australia-Manager-J. Burrow Turner. Discount Days - Monday and Thursday Australian Joint Stock Bank-Manager-H . P. Abbott. Dis- count Days - Tuesday and Friday Bank of Australasia-Manager-E. R. Drury . Discount Days - Monday and Thursday Moreton Bay Savings' Bank - President - His Excellency Sir George Bowen . Vice-President - The Hon . R. G. W. Herbert, Trustees -- Hon. R . R. Mackenzie, J. F. M'Dougall M.L.C., R. J. Smith, Robert Little, G. Raff, M.L.A., D . F. Roberts , M.L.C.. R. Douglas , and William Pickering . Accountant - Itichard Fitzgerald Phelan . (Open every Thursday , from 12 to 1 o'clock). BANKING} ESTABLISHMENTS. 53

IPSWIOH. Bank of Australasia - Manager-George Faircioth. Disc iuut Days-Monday and Thursday $ank of New South Wales -- Manager-A . C. Lloyd. Dis- count Davs-Monday and Thursday. Australian Joint Stock Bank-Manager - H. R. Abbott. Dis- count Days - Tuesday and Friday TOOWOOMBA• Bank of New South Wales-Manager - Robert H. D. White WARWICK. Australian Joint Stock Bank-Manager - J. W. Jackson MARYBOB.OUGH• Commercial Banking Company of Sydney - Manager-Robert Napier E.OCKHAMPTON. Australian Joint Stock Bank-Manager - James A. Larnach Bank of New South Wales -Manager-George Randen

Bank Holidays. January 1, New Year's Day March 17, St . Patrick's Day April 18, Good Friday „ 21, Easter Monday 23, St. George's Day May 24 , Queen 's Birthday June 9, Wait Monday August 26 , Prince Al bert's Birthday Novem ber 9, Prince of Wales' Birthday 11 30, St . Andrew's Day December 10, Separation Day 25, Christmas Day 26, Boxing Day

NEWSPAPERS.

The CoURsES, established in June , 1846, is published daily. Office-George-street, Brisbane The QUEENSLANDGuaanriw, establi shed in March , 18G0, is published every Wednesday and Saturday morning. Office- Q.reen -street, Brisbane 54 NEWSPAPERS, &C.

The Nowrn AUSTRALIAN, established in October , 1855, is published every Tuesday and Friday morning . Office-East- street, Ipswich The QUEExsLANDTIMES (late Ipswich Herald ), established in July, 1859, is published eve ry Tuesday and F ri day morning. Office-Ellenborough -street, Ipswich The DARLINGDowNs GAZETTE, established in June, 1858, is published at Toowoomba every Thursday morning The TOOWOOMEACnROwICLE , established in July . 1861, is published at Toowoomba every Thursday morning The MARYBoRouoa CnaosicLE . established in November, 1860, is published in Maryborongh eve ry Thursday morning. The ROCKHAMPTONBULLETIN, established in July, 1861 , is pub- lished in Rockhampton every Saturday morning. The BURNETTARGUE established in April, 1861 , is published in Gayndah every Monday morning. ' The QUEENSLANDGOVERNMENT GAZETTE is published at the Government Printing Office , William Street , every Saturday morning.

REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS, MARRIAGES,& DEATHS.

EvEax BIRTH must be registered within sixty days , and eve ry death within thirtydays, next thereafterrespectively, and neglect of this regulation renders the parties liable to a fine not exceeding £10. In every case of Burial the minister or officiatingperson ought to receive from the undertaker or person having charge of the funeral, a certificate from the District Registrar , certify- ing the registration of the death - unless in the case of an inquest , when a certificate from the Coroner or Magistrate hold- ing the inquest will be sufficient ; and if any dead body shall be buri ed without such certificate , the person who may bury the same, or perform any funeral or religious service for the buri al, or who shall in any way dispose of the body, sha ll forthwith give notice u ' the facts to the District Registrar. Every Minister who has eels ed a Marriage shall, within one mouth thereafter , transmit a ori ginal certi ficate to the Registrar of the District , and every Minister who shall fail to transmit the certificate to the District Registrar sha ll be liable to a fine of not less than £10 and not exceeding £50. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS For the Year ending September 30th, 1861; TAKENAT THE BRISBANEOBSERVATORY,

BY DR. BARTON.

POSITION OF BRISBANE :-Lat. 27° V; long. 153°; height above Sea Level, 70 feet.

RAIN FALL IN 1860-61.

No. of No. of Days' Month. Inches. Fall.

1860.-October ...... 3.35 12 days November ...... 3.69 10 December ...... 3.14 15 1861.-January ...... 9.28 17 February ...... 4.58 16 March ...... 8.86 18 April ...... 10.38 19 May ...... 2.87 9 June ...... 6.88 10 July ...... 1.90 7 August ...... 1041 13 September ...... 1.83 11

Totals ...... 67.17 157 days. I OZTOBER . NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. 1860. Max. Min. Mean. Max. Min. Mean . Max. Min. Mean.

9 a.m. , 76• 60.1 68.5 81.3 64.4 74.4 84.3 68.1 77.1 Thermometer (shade ) 3 p.m..... 84• 62.3 72.8 87.1 64• 77.2 95.8 69• 80.2 9p.m..... 70.1 55• 63.8 74• 59.8 66'8 79.2 64.3 69.7 Ditto (maximum shade )...... 91.2 66.5 78.1 97• 73• 83.5 97• 73' 86.2 Ditto (minimum shade ) ...... 66.9 49 57.8 69' 50-5 60.1 691 55.7 64.5 Ditto (minimum on grass )...... 66 47.4 56.2 68• 46.6 57 6 68.4 54.8' 62.9 Ditto (max. sun-solar radiation).. 116• 70- 99.9 121.6 79.9 108• 118-7 80.3 108.5 9 a.m. 29.78030.040 30.1F829.69629.930 29.99629.61429.845 Barometer ( No. of inches re- 80 334 30 27 29.685 29.926 30.095 29.566 29-829 29.934 29.435 29'765 duced to 32 ° Fahrenheit) 9 p.m. 30.314 29.783 30.003; 30.178 29 643 29.905 30.0t 2 29'565 29.838 Mean portion of sky ob. (9 a.m. •64' •50 •62 scured (1 representsthe 3 p.m. •63 •49 •63 whole sky ) ...... 9 p.m. •68 •50 •41 9 a.m. •524 •639 -611 Mean pressure of vapour in f •504 •527 •587 inches of mercury ...... 13 p.m. 9 P.M. •615 •536 •689 752 751 657 Mean humidity (saturation 3 p.m. 625 564 569 1000) ...... 9 P.M. 870 816 811 JANUARY. FEBRUARY. MARCH. 1861. Max. Min. Mean. Max. Min. Mean. Max. Min. Mean.

9 A.M..... 85.0 71.5 77.7 84.6 73' 79.5 83.2 66.3 76.3 Thermometer (shade) 3 p.m. , ... 89 6 71.9 80.7 94• 72.4 83.9 91.9 67• 80.6 9p.m..... 79.1 66• 71.5 81• 71• 75.2 79• 64.3 71- Ditto (maximum shade )...... 96• 76.3 86.9 96 76• 89.8 99-7 72.1 86• Ditto (minimum shade) ...... 75 3 58• 66.1 72.4 61.7 69.7 76.1 60.8 67.3 Ditto (minimum on grass )...... 75.2 55• 65- 72.2 61.2 68.5 74• 60• 66.5 Ditto max. sun-solar radiation) 120- 84'1 107.8 122.3 77.3 111.4 123.3 75.8 106.9 9a.m. 30.040 29'674 29 866 30'018 29.636 29.832 30.126 29.720 29.956 Barometer (No.ofinchesre- 3 29'989 29.556 29.787 29.956 29 520 29 746 30.031 29.651 29.882 duced to 32° Fahrenheit) p•m. 9 P.M. 30.065 29.684 29.857 30.021 29.641 29.822 30'097 29.718 29.962 Mean portion of sky oh- 9 a. m. .68 •64 •58 scared (1 represents the . 3 p.m. •51 •60 .64 whole sky) ...... 9 p.m. •60 •64 •40 •666 '767 •714 Mean pressure of vapour in 3p.m. •657 .753 •1;85 inches of mercury...... P.M. •642 •754 •680 19 9 a.m. 702 762 788 Mean humidity (saturation 3p.m. 628 649 659 1000) ...... 9 P.M. 832 863 800 W APRIL. MAY. JUNE. 1861. Max. Min. Meau. Max. Min. Mean. Max. Min. Mean.

9 a.m. . 76.5 61-7 69.4 69.2 51.7 60.0 60•S 48- 56.3 Thermometer (shade ) 3 p.m..... 83.5 63.3 75.6 81.8 61•5 708 748 59-6 67.8 19 p.m..... 73.1 57.2 66.6 69• 46.5 68.5 64.6 47.8 56.8 Ditto (maximum shade)...... 90.2 65• 79.8 85.3 64.3 74- 78• 61.4 71.1 Ditto (minimum shade) ...... 70• 56-2 62.8 65.2 39- 62.1 57.4 41- 60.3 Ditto (minimum on grass).. .. . 69 53.7 61.7 643 88- 49.9 56• 38-2 48• Ditto (man. sun - solar radiation).. 115.4 65-8 100.1 1099 722 94.9 100.5 64- 89.2 9 a.m. 30-223 29.606 29•176 30'400 29.690 30060 30.240 29.894 30.035 Barometer (No. of inches re- 3 P.M. 30.137 29-532 30.165 29-725 29-947 duced to 32° Fahrenheit) 29 892 30 319 29 613 29 973 9 p.m. 30200 29.616 29.963 30-406 29.6J7 30040 30.232 29.75) 30.007 Mean portion of sky oh. (9 a.m. •60 •39 •65 acured(1 representsthe { 3 p.m. •66 -51 .57 whole sky) .... . t 9 p m. .53 •42 •52 9 a.m . •604 •404 408 Mean pressure of vapour in 9.p m. •621 •424 .454 inches of mercur y...... 9p.m. •593 •3J9 •432 J 841 780 899 Mean humidity (saturation 579 668 1000)...... t93 p.m. 702 9p.m. 910 8.3 9.:5 JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. 1861. Max. Min. Mean. Max. Min . Mean . Max. Min. Mean.

9 a.nm..... 61.5 47.4 53.3 66' 60.8 56.8 66.7 55.7 62.6 Thermometer (shade) 3 p.m..... 71.4 54.4 64.3 73.4 57.2 66• 80.3 53.8 71.9 9p.m..... 60.5 45• 53.4 63• 47'4 56.4 67• 54• 59.5 Ditto (maximum shade),...... 76.2 55.2 67.3 78' 58• 69-5 86.8 71• 77.5 Ditto minimum shade) ...... 57.5 38• 45.9 57.2 37• 49.3 59• 47.5 52' Ditto minimum on grass) ...... 57• 35.7 43.7 56.7 35• 47.5 59• 45.9 50.1 Ditto max. sun- solar radiation 99.4 57. 88.6 103• 60.8 89.2 112.5 9115 103• 9 a.m. 29.749 Barometer (No. of inches re- 80.24229-749 30.001 30.264 29-766 30.118 30.419 30.056 53p.,,,. 30.131 29.645 30.342 29•615 29.947 duced to 32° Fahrenheit) 29-912 30.18129-826 30.032 9 P.M. 30.186297 30 29-978 30.26129.86630.106 30.406 29.711 30.025 Mean portion of sky ob- ( 9 a.m. •39 •56 '30 soured(I represents the{ (3 p.m 41 •62 •46 whole sky) ...... 9p.m. •40 .47 •32 9 a .m. •376 Mean pressure of vapour in •326 '422 ...... 3 p.m. 342 •392 •432 inches of mercury 9pm. •330 •882 •418 ion 801 814 754 Mean humidity (saturat 3 p:m: 567 613 552 1000) ...... 9 P.M. 807 870 821 cp vj.vabrM ,ttuvns+

T

(Compiled expressly for Pu gh's Almanac.)

EXPORTS (FoREIGN) FROM THE PORT OF BRISBANE, Faox THE laT OCTOBER, 1860 , To 30TH SEPTEMER, 1861. Valued at Wool 12,049 bales , 4,217 ,150 lbs . £369,000 12 6 Tallow ...... 610 tuns ...... • ...... 24,400 0 0 Hides ...... 10,973 in number ...... 9 683 10 0 Sheepskins .... 30,300 „ ...... 8,787 10 0 Calf do ...... 50 „ ...... 10 0 0 Beef (cured).. 343 tierces...... 1,715 0 0 Pork „ ., 47 barrels ...... 282 0 0 Tongues 11 „ I t0 0 0 Bacon...... 510 cwt . 1,265 0 0 Hams ...... 398 in number ...... 200 0 0 Os-tails ...... 4 casks ...... 10 0 0 Lard ...... 10 25 0 0 Bones Hoofs I ...... 400 tons...... 1,200 0 0 Horns Horses ...... 40 in number ...... 1,000 0 0 Sheep...... 3.802 1,781 4 0 Sheep over 30,000...... 15,000 0 0 Cattle } land { 3,000 ...... 12,500 0 0 Fruit ...... 4,000 pkges ...... 8,000 0 0 Timber ...... 270,000 feet ...... 2,700 0 0 G,ld ...... 1,151 ozs ...... 4,028 10 0 Coals ...... 3,500 tone ...... 2,625 0 0

Total Colonial produce exported ...... £459,328 6 6 Exports of Foreign produce, 13,000 pkgs 8,000 0 0 Total exports for the 12 months ... £467,323 6 6 TRADE RETURNS. 6 1

The annexed Return will show the progressive increase of the exports from Brisbane during the past five years :- 1857 ...... £35(x237 14 0 1858 363,515 17 0 1859 ...... 429.984 3 0 1860 ...... 435.744 1 9 1861 ...... 467,323 6 6 The last twelve months showing an excess over the first period of over £112,000 (One hundred and twelve thousand pounds).

The total value of the exports of Colonial produce for the Colony of Queensland exhibits as under; From the Port of Brisbane, Moreton Bay...... £459,323 6 6 M borough, Wide Bay.... 114,2400 0 Gladstone LPort Curtis.. 87,480 0 0 Rockhampton1 Total exports of Colonial products .... £ 661,043 6 6

The total quantity of Wool exported in the twelve months ending 30th September , 1861 , was' 7,010 bales , or 5,964,000 lbs., valued at £521,80.

IMPORTS (FOREIGN)

INTO THE PORT OF BRISBANE (QUEENSLAND) FROM THE 1sT OCTOBER , 1160 , TO THE 30ra SEPTEMBER, 186L.

FERMENTED AND SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS (IN BOND). Valued at Rum...... 24,936 gals., C 4s per gal.. . £4,985 4 0 Brandy ...... 18,627 „ 128 11,176 4 0 Geneva ...... 13,613 „ 58 3,403 5 0 Whiskey ...... 3,006 „ 58 751 10 0 Other Spirits .... 600 8s 240 0 0 Wines ...... 26,219 88 10,487 12 0 Beer , in wood .... 76,067 2e 7,606 14 0 Beer, in bottle .. 36,147 4s 7,229 8 0 £45,879 17 0 62 TRADE RETURNS.

IMPORTS - Continued.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE. Valued at Flour ...... 2,486 tons , ® £20 ...... £49,720 0 0 Wheat...... 4,488 bushels „ 7s ...... 14,170 16 0 Maize ...... 25,196 5s ...... 6,299 0 0 Oats...... 3,304 66 ...... 991 0 0 Barley ...... 540 8s 216 0 0 Bran ...... 56,270 1s 6d 4,220 0 0 Potatoes ...... 512 tons „ £6 ...... 3,072 0 0 Hay...... 634 trusses „ 40s ...... 1,268 0 0 Onions ...... 289 cwt. „ 125 ...... 173 8 0 Butter ...... 667 „ „ 112s ...... 3,735 4 0 Cheese.:...... 592 packages ...... 2,535 0 0 Bacon ...... 474 „ 3,225 0 0 Fruit, various .. 4044 packages ...... 4,000 0 0

£93,625 8 0

LIVE STOCK. Horses ...... 510 £10,200 0 0 Balls ...... 12 930 0 0 Cows ...... 30 ...... 180 0 0 Mules ..•-.... 3 45 0 0 Rams ...... 210 ...... 1,174 0 0

£12,529 0 0

ASSORTED MERCHANDIZE. Valued at Tobacco ...... 76,662lbs .... £7,496 0 0 Snuffs ...... 260 lbs .... 65 0 0 Cigars ...... 7,738 The .... 1,567 07 0 Opium ...... 3,30 IN 760 0 0 Tea ...... 355.746 lb5 ... 24,196 0 0 Su ar .. 17,200 cwt. ... 32,291 0 0 Co ee and Chicory ...... 72,077 lbs .... 3,600 0 0 Rice ...... 140 tons.... 2,100 0 0 Salt ...... 750 tons.... 3,755 0 0 Saddlery ...... 585 pkgs.... 10,660 0 0 Wheeled Carriages and Drays 226 in No... 5,103 0 0 Timber ...... 150,000 feet... . 1,125 0 0

Carry Forward ...... £92,718 0 0 TRADE RETURNS. 63

IMPORTS-Coxtisaed. Brought Forward ...... 992,718 0 0 Drapery and Habetdasheryt 5, . 246,226 0 0 Goode . . 638 pkg9 . Oilmen 's Stores & Assorted . 6 442 pkgs 91 708 0 0 Merchandize , Ironmongery ...... 15,644 pkgs 71,700 0 0 Furniture, Musical Instru. 2,980 p kgs 57,321 0 . 0 meats , &c.. I j Miscellaneous Articles.. ,...

£559,673 0 0 TOTAL IMPORTS. Valued at Fermented and Spirituous Liquors ... £45,879 17 0 Agricultural Produce ...... 93,625 8 0 Live Stock ...... 12,529 0 0 AssortedMerchandize ...... 559,673 0 0 Total Imports into Brisbane...... £711,707 5 0 Do Exports from do 465,333 6 6 TARIFF OF QUEENSLAND.

[Up to the date of the publication of this Almanac , no altera tion has been made in the tariff which was in force at the time of Separa tion, save and except the abolition of the export duty on gold.] IMPORT DUTIES. s. d. Brandy and Gin...... 10 0 per gallon. Whiskey, Rum , and all other spirits.. 7 0 Spirits , Cordials, Liqueurs , or strongl waters sweetened or mixed with any i article,so that the degree of 10 0 ft strength cannot be ascertained by Sykes's Hydrometer .. .. )

Perfumed Spirits .. 7 0 fe Wine, containing more than 25 pert cent . of alcohol, of a specific gravity 11 of •825, at the temperature of 60 10 0 P, . degrees of Fahrenheit's thermome- r ter, for every gallon, in proportionto 1 thest agngtb, ...... J 64 TARIFF OF QUEENSLAND.

Isrroav Duriza .-Continued. Wine, not containing more than 251 s. d. per cent . of alcohol , of a specific) gravityof •825,at the temperature 2 0 per gallon. of 60 degrees of Fahrenheit 's ther- mometer Ale, Porter , and Beer of all sorts , in) 0 1 wood Ale, Porter, and Beer of all sorts. in1 0 2 bottle.. f Tea .. .. 0 3 the pounJq. Sugar-Refined and Candy .. .. 6 8 the cwt.- Unrefined ...... 5 0 Treacle and Molas'es ...... 3 4 Coffee and Chicory ...... 0 2 the pound. Cigars 3 0 '1'obaceo and Snuff 2 0 Opium ...... 10 0

6

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPII, QUEENSLAND.

REGULATIONS.

1. All Messages will be held stri ctly confidential 2. Messages must be written with ink in a legible manner, properly dated , and have a full and distinct address. The sig- nature of the Sender will also be required in authentication of each Mes'age. No charge will be made for date , address, or signature. 3. All ordinary Messsgea to he paid for before transmission, except in cases of unusual emergency or-replies to interrogatory Messages bea ri ng the words " Reply paid for.,, Press E epozts to be paidfor at ReceivingStation on delivery. 4. Cipher may be used in the transmission of Messages, at 50 per cent. above the ordinary rates, but Cipher words must not consist of more than two syllables. ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. 65

5. To insure greater accuracy, it is requested that all num- bers may be expressed in words at full length, and repeated in figures . Charge will be made for the words only, although the figures also will be transmitted.

6. Messages will be transmitted in the order of their recep- tion, with the following exceptions, in which cases precedence will be given, viz. :-Messages on the Service of the State, Sick- ness , Death, or Sudden Emergency. 7. When an immediate answer is required, the words " Reply Paid for, Answer Immediately" should be appended to the Message. Messengers delivering will, in such cases, be in- structed to wait Five Minutes for reply. 8. Every precaution will be taken to insure the accuracy of all Messages transmitted , whether important or otherwise. If desired , Messages of consequence can be repeated from Stations at which received, to Stations from which originally sent, on payment of an additional half-rate, but no responsibility will be undertaken, nor any claim for compensation entertained for any errors in transmission or delay in delivery of Messages whether repeated or unrepeated , nor for non -transmission or non -delivery of Messages arising from any cause whatsoever. 9 Messages will be delivered free within one mile of the Station to which transmitted. Charges for porterage, horse, or boat hire, will be made beyond such distance, payable by the persons to whom Messages are addressed. 10. Originals of Messages transmitted, and duplicates of Messages received, after being kept for Two Years, will be burned in the presence of the Officers in charge of Stations. 11. In the event of any interruption of the working of the Electric Telegraph by which Messages may be unusually delayed, it will be optional with the senders to withdraw $uets Messages before transmission , and receive back amounts paid.

Nora .-Messages transmitted by Telegraph will be forwarded, when desired, by Post to any address throughout the Colonies, or abroad, on pre-payment of postage in addition to the ordinary charge for transmission. The Offices are open for business (Sundays excepted), from 9 A.M. to 6 P.m., daily. *g SCALE OF CHARGES.

BAISBABH . Lrrrox. IPSWICH. OwTros. TOoWooMBA Dhl& oN. WASwIo .

STATIONS. •o L 0 ; o 3 3 0 3 W + W P7

s. dd.s. d. s. dd. sdd. sdd. s. d. s. d. R. d.dd. s. d. s. d, s. d. s. d. s. d. BRISBANE „ 2 00 22 00 22 60 23 0 0 33 00 3 3 00 3 LYTTON ,....``_2 00 24`i 2 00 22 60 23 0 0 33 00 3 3 00 3

IPSWICH 2 0 0 2 2 00 2 .. ., 2 00 22 610 22 0 23 00 3

2 60 2 2 60 22 00 2 2 010 212 OIO 22 60 2

TOOWOOMBA , , ...... 3 0,0 3 3 00 32 60 22 00 2 .. 1 00 12 00 2 DRAYTON ...... 3 0 0 33 00 32 6 0 22 00 21 OIO 1 .. 1 - - - - 1 - -- - -I------WARWICK ...... j3 0 0 33 00 33 00 32 6j0 22 0'0 22 00 2j ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. 67

INTERCOLONIAL TELEGRAPH.

Telegraphic communication is now established between Queensland and the undermentioned stations in the Colonies of New South Wales, Victoria , and South Australia. The rates of charge appended will be made until further notice. NEW SOUTH WALES. Tenterfield , Glen Innes , Armidale, Tamworth , Murrarundi, Muswellbrook , Singleton, West Maitland , Morpeth, Wollombi, Newcastle , Windsor, Sydney - 6s. for ten words, 4d. each addi- tional word. Exception s to the above charge - to Tenter field, and Glen Inner , from Toowoomba , Drayton , and Warwick, he. for ten words , and 3d. each additional word. Penrith , Hartley, Bathurst, Orange , Sofala, Mudgee, Parra- matta , Liverpool, Campbe lltown , Berrima, Goulbbr 'n, Yass, Gundagai - 7s. for ten words , and 4d. each additional word. Kyamba , Albnry. Braidwood , Kiandra , Tumut, Deniliquin, Wagga Wagga , Urana , Echuca - 8s. for ten words, and 4d. each additional word.

VICTORIA. Melbourne , Sandridge , Snapper Point, Cape Schanck, Wil- li amstown , Geelong, Queensclif ; Point Lonsdale , Cape Otway, Ballaarat, Creswick, Raglan , Ararat, Streatham, Hexham, Warrnambool , Belfast , Portland , Hamilton , Echuca, Sandhurst, Avoca , D unolly, Tarnagulla , Clanes , Back Creek , Maryborongh, Carisbrook , Maldon , Daylesford , Castlemaine, Kyneton, Gis- bome, Kilmore , Heathcote , Longwood , Bena lla , Wangaratta, Beeehworth , Yackandandah , Chiltern , Wahgunyah , Bolvoir- 9s. for ten words , and 6d. for each additional word.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Mount Gambier , Penola , Robe Town , Goolwa , Port Elliot, Willangs , Adelaide , Port Adelaide , Glenelg, Bowden , Atherton, Le Sevres Peninsula , Mount Barker, Nairne, Strathalbyn, Dry Creek , Salisbury , Gawler Town , Kapunda, Clare , Koringa- 129. for ten words, and Sd. for each additional word.

N.B.-Messages sent by Electric Telegraph can be posted to any address , colonial or foreign , an pre-payment of postage, in addition to the ordinary charge for transmission. **E SIGNAL STATION.

S7M PING4 ARRIVALS IN NORETONBAY.

CODE OF SIGNALS To be employed at the Observatory Station on JPndmill Hill. Red Ball and T riangle , moveable at pleasure , to be used at North Arm of Mast. Black Ball and Triangle, at South Arm. Three, Pendants (Ist-white, with red ball ; 2nd-blue with white ball; 3rd-red , with white ball), Union Jack, and Red Ensign, to be occasionally used at both Arms. North Arm to be devoted to Steamers only. South Arm for Sailing Vessels only.

ARRIVAL OF STEAMERS. Steamer from Sydney in Bay-Red Ball at No rt h Arm, half- mast high. Northern Ports : Steamer in Bay-Red Triangle at North Arm, half-mast high. Steamer from other Colonies in Bay-Red Ball over Triangle at North Arm, half-mast high. When at the Bar the above Signalawill be hoisted close to the yard. Steamer, name unknown, or Stranger , in Bay-Red Ball at top, Triangle half -mast high. Steamer , name unknown , or Stranger , at Bar-Triangle at top. Ball half-mast. Steamer with English Mail on Board- Red Ensign be low usual signal. War Steamer - Union Jack below usual signal. When a steamer has crossed the Bar and entered the River, a white flag will be placed below the usual signal. The signal thus altered wi ll be kept hoisted till arrival of Steamer as the wharf. When two or more Steamers have crossed the Bar and entered the River , a white flag wi ll be placed be tween the distinctive signals of each. ARRIVAL OF SAILING VESSELS. Schooner or Cutter in Bay-Black Ball at South Arm, half- mast high. Brig in Bay-Black Triangle at South Arm, half mast high. PORTS AND HARBOURS .-- SAILING DIRECTIONS. 69

Ship or Barque in Bay-Black Ball over Triangle at South Arm, halt -mast high. When at the Bar the above Signals will be hoisted close to the yard. Sailing Vessel , class unknown , in Bay-Black Ball at top, Triangle at half-mast. Sailing Vessel with Immigrants on board-Red Ensign below usual signal. War Vessel - Union Jack below usual signal. Vessels from British Ports - 1st Pendant below usual signal. Vessels from Foreign Ports - 2nd Pendant below usual signaL Coasters and Vessels from other Colonies- the usual signal only , without Pendant. Steamers or Vessels returned to Port-3rd Pendant below usual signal. 1st and 2nd Pendants hoisted together for five minutes, to annul any previous signal made in error. When one arrival only, Signals to remain hoisted an hour. When two or more arrivals , 3rd Pendant to be displayed alone for five minutes, succeeded by distinguishing signals, each for fifteen minutes. When the arrival of the Exarasa MAn. is reported by tele- graph, the Red Ensign will be hoisted at the mast head on the Observatory , and remain flying for three hours.

TIME BALL. A Time Ball will be hoisted at 5 minutes to 1 o'clock, and droppedat 1 p.m. mean time daily (Sundays excepted). If, in consequence of accident , the Time Ball cannot be dropped, or if at any time dropped in error, a White Flag will be hoisted for 5 minutes at top of mast.

PORTS AND HARBOURS.-SAILING DIRECTIONS.

MORETON BAY. Cape Moreton is the north-eastern point of Moreton Island, and is visible from a ship's deck eight leagues. 70 PORTS AND HARBOURS.-BAILING} DIRECTIONS.

When first seen from the southward it appears to be de- tached, as the land between it and the higher points of the island is very low. With the two exceptions,-of Flinders' Rocks, which lie N.N.E., distant three miles from the northern projection of the Cape; and Smith's Rock, the position of which is marked by a nnn-shaped black buoy, and the official notice of the discovery of which we append,- there is no outlying danger. Vessels entering Moreton Bay from the southward should pass about a mile to the northward of the Cape, giving Smith's Rock a clear berth by keeping midway between it and the Cape, and then steer W. N. until the N.W. extreme of Comboyuro Point bears S. by E., and on with the Ship Patch ; Mount Tempest (the highest land on the Island) will then bear S.S.E., and the Lighthouse E. by S.S. The depth of water will be 72 fathoms at low water, and the Buoy A will bear W.S.W. nearly a mile and a third distant. The Glass Houses will be seen in clear weather, with the highest (Burwa) bearing W.S. From this point, or stopping place, a course a degree to the southward of W.S.W. will take a ship a third of a mile to northward of Buoy A. 'Stand on this course until Buoy B, chequered black and white, is on with Mount Tempest, bearing S. 38 E. and the Light House E.1S., and she will then be to the westward of the East Banks, and may steer for Moreton Island,(bearing in mind thatthe tides set directly across the channel), by keeping the Buoy B and Mount Tempest a quarter of a point open on the port bow. The breadth of the channel between the East and West Banks is about half a mile, and the banks are plainly discernible from an elevated position. Comboyuro Point is bold of approach, and may be passed at a cable's length distance. Stand past it until the extreme of the bushes bears north ; then steer S.S.W. from Cowan Cowan Hill to the Bar off the mouth of the River Brisbane in four fathoms, muddy bottom ; the PORTS AND HARBOURS .--- SAILIN G DIRECTIONS. 71 middle of Mud Island bearing East, and Luggage Point S. by W. jW. A direct course may now be steered from Cowan Cowan, by pausing to the westward of the Middle Bank, off Tangalooma, as Buoys are placed on each side of the channel. The Middle Bank bears W. by S. 445*two and a half miles from the Ship Patch. The shore between Cowan Cowan and the 'Ship Patch is fronted by a narrow bank, upon which there is not more than five feet at low water. The south part is about a mile off shore, but not accessible for large vessels. In Yule's Roads, off the watering place, there is anchorage in ten to twelve fathoms, half a mile from the shore, where wood and water can be procured. The soundings are given at low water, spring tides ; the rise from three to seven feet. The general set of the tides are, the flood to the south, the ebb to the north ; but in the channel between the East and West Banks, the first of the ebb sets strong to the N.E. ; after half tide it sets north. The tide in Freeman's Channel sets E.N.E. on the flood. It would be advisable for ships entering not to bring Mount Tempest to the eastward of S. by E. until the Lighthouse bears E.S.E. A ship will then be on the channel course, and may steer to half N., following the foregoing directions. The bearings are magnetic. Buoy A, can shaped ; painted black. Buoy B, nun shaped ; black and white. Buoy C, can shaped ; black. Mast buoys on the West Bank, red,-to be kept on the starboard hand coming in, and the port hand going out.

TmEs.-It is high water, full and change, at Cum- boyuro Point in Moreton Bay at 9h. 30m., and the rise is from 3 to 7 feet ; strong south-easterly winds cause the greatest rise ; but, during the prevalence of westerly winds in the winter, it is at times scarcely perceptible. In the southpassage of themain channelinto Moreton 72 PORTS AND HARBOURS .-- SAILING DZBECTIONS.

Bay the flood sets west at the rate of 2 knots. The general set of the flood in the bay is to the South, and the ebb to the North ; but in some places the direction of the stream is varied by the shoals. In the channel between the east and west banks, the first of the ebb' sets strong to the N.E., over the banks ; after half tide it takes a more northerly direction, and later, about North and N.N.W. The ebb sets E.N.E. through Freeman Channel. SMITH'S ROCK. The following notice, relative to this fearfully dangerous inipediment to navigation, was published in the New South Wales Government Gazette on the 19th January, 1859 :- NOTICE TO MARINERS. Captain Denham, of H.M.B. " Herald," report s the existenhw- of a Rock, with as little as seven feet water over it, in tI* hitherto deemed fairway of the South Passage into Moreton Bsy. The said Rock lies nearly midway upon a Fine drawn between the outer extreme of " Cape Moreton " and "Flinders ' Rocks,'.' and bears from the Lighthouse X. by E . 4 E. (easterly ), distant two miles. A ship can keep seaward of it by night, so long as the light, is not brought southward of B.S.W. 1 W., or, by day , she *il1 be, at the least, one-third of a mile outside of it, so long as " Mount Tempest" (bearing S.S.W.) is open of Cape Moreton ; while, if hound into the bay, a safe passage between it and the Cape will be ensured by not opening " Ridge-tree Land " northward of " North Point," with which it closes, but is seen over, on the bearing of S.W. # W. Whenever the weather is not clear enough to make out the distant objects , or a stranger is navigating himself into the pilot g round of Moreton Bay, he should , according to the wind, bug the foot of the Cape, which is bold on the south band, or borrow upon the breakers of Flinders' Rocks on his north hand, rather than make free with the midway line of the said South Passage, until the suggested " Black Buoy'' denotes the actual position of this fearful danger , lying, as it does , outside the boarding limits of the local pilots.* Submitted to His Exce ll ency the Governor - General of New South Wales, December 10th , 1858 , by H. M . DnxHAM.

As previously stated , a first-rate iron Buoy,- nun shaped and painted black ,- is now placed on this rock. PORTS AND HARBOURS .- SAIIdNO DIRECTIONS. 73

"HUTCHISON SHOAL," MORETON BAY. Her Majesty's b%.ip" Herald," Port Jackson,15th October, 1859. Six,-I have the honour to acquaint your Excellency, for sash notice as may be deemed necessary , of a Shoal in the North-eastern approach of Moreton Bay, which-though not having at present less than 22 feet water over it-may come within the draft of heavy ships, and should be avoided by loaded Coasters on account of its broken water when the 1k-knot E .S.E. current sets against a strong easterly wind. 2. This nucleus of a danger-which I name " Hutchison Shoal," in compliment to Lieutenant John Hutchison, of this ship, whose zeal led to its development- is situated 2 miles N . f W. from " Flinder's Rocks ," when Cape More- ton Lighthouse bears N . I E., distant 54 miles, and the southern of the " Glasshouse " craigs bear W. by S. 3. The Lighthouse in line with the centre of " Flinder's Books ," and bearing S. I W., leads J a Mile OUTSIDEthis shoal ; or, to ensure being INSIDE, the Lighthouse should not be brought southward of S. by E . ; while, to pass northward of it , the " Glasshouses " should not bear westward of W.S.W. ; but fishermen can find it, for a take of " snapper," by bringing " Mount Tempest " over the Yellow Sand Slip at " North Point " bearing S. I W., and when the " Glass- houses " bear W. by S. 4. In pursuing this Coast examination, on my way front the Torres' Strait " Outer route " survey, I took opportunity for testing the position of the black buoy which I suggested as a guard for our " Smith Rock " of last year, in the south-' eastern approach to Moreton Bay ; and I found it laid down correctly, and " shewing out " most satisfactorily. I have the honour to be, Your Exce llency's obedient humble servant, H. M. DENHAM, CArrAm R.N. To His Excellency Sir WILLIAM DENISON, K.C.B.

THE LIGHT SHIP AT THE BRISBANE BAR. Tidal Signals in use on board the Light Ship, showing the height of Water on the Bar 74 PORTS AND HARBOURS.-SAILING DIRECTIONS.

DAY SIGNALS. Ball at mast head ...... 8 feet. Ball half mast ...... 84 Two balls at mast head ...... Two balls half mast ...... Ball with blue flag under at mast head ...... 10 „ Ba ll with blue flag under at half mast ...... 104 „ Two balls with blue flag under at mast head .. 11 „ Two ball s with blue flag under at half mast ... Ili „ NIGHT SIGNALS. Green light 8 feet. Red light ...... 84 „ White-light . ... 9 White ith red under ...... 94 Red with white under ...... 10 White with green under ... 104' Green with white under ...... Green with red under ... 114 „

MA.RYBOROUGH,WIDE BAY. A VESSEL having made Double Island Point- a bold bluff headland, safe to approach- to the third of a mile, look out for a rock awash (which always chews,) lying due north, about a mile from the Point . The rock is safe to approach on all sides to two cables' lengths , and there is a good pas-, sage between it and the Point . Having passed outside the rock, at a convenient distance, steer N .W. by N.; after running on this course 4 or 5 miles the entrance will be seen opening out to the southward of the termination of the high land of Fraser's Island . Do not approach the land nearer than 5 miles, as the shoal water forming the Bar extends out nearly that distance ; it is steep too , and shows itself by the discoloration of the water in fine weather, and by the break if there is any swell on. Stand to the northward until the north point of the entrance bears W. by S. 4S., or W.S.W., by which time Baupal Mountain,- a very con- spicuous mark- will be seen half-way over the land, between the North Head and the sudden termination of the high land of Laser 's Island (as in the sketch ) ; you may then PORTS AND HARBOURS .- SAILING DIRECTIONS. 75

haul up west , keeping this mark on, and will shoal suddenly to 2J fathoms, or 3 fathoms, upon the Bar (according to the state of tide) ; after one or two cables ' lengths the water will deepen to 4 or 5 fathoms, when steer direct for the en- trance. The Spit running out in an E .N.E. direction from the South Head nearly always breaks, and will easily be seen ; borrow a little on the south side as you approach the entrance, to avoid a Spit running out the third of a mile from the North Head . This is the best entrance for a stranger, as there is less chance of mistaking the marks, as the Baupal Mountain is the only high land visible in that direction. It shows itself immediately after passing the high land of Double Island Point, and is about twenty miles from the coast. In westerly winds or smooth water there is a Channel further to the westward , with 21 to 3k fathoms in it (accord- ing to tide).- To enter by this Channel, after passing Double Island Point , half a mile distant , and inside of the detached rock, steer N .W. by N.; when the entrance is beginningto shew, a sandpatch wi ll be seen at the south end of a range of low sand hills or cliffs, which terminate at their northerly extreme in a low sandy pc*nt ; bring this patch on with an abrupt elbow or fall in the high back land of Fraser's Island (as in the sketch ) ; keep these marks on; the ship's head will be about N.W.J}N., and Double Island Point NEARLYright astern ; you will shoal suddenly upon the Bar to 2k or 3k fathoms (according to tide) ; when on the shoalest part Baupal Mountain will be just opening out to the northward of the South Head ; keep the marks on ; you will carry 3 to 3J}fathoms , three quarters of a mile after which the water will deepen to 5 fathoms, when you may haul round the Spit and steer for the entrance. In strong S.E. or easterly winds the sea breaks heavily upon the Bar, rendering it unsafe to cross , and this is par- ticularly the case in the summer months, when the sun is to the southward of the Equator , more especially in the months of February , March, and April, when the wind is almost always blowing from the S.E. and eastward. A vessel would have notice of the state of the Bar by the swell on the coast before reaching Moreton Island , where she might shelter , or might, if she thought it desirable, run round the north entrance by Breaksea Spit; but, supposing the SWELL 76 PORTS AND HARBOURS.-SAILING DIRECTIONS is not great, the Bar is quite safe to enter though breaking across ; the break is always much less towards high water. In leaving Wide Bay do not attempt to PROCEEDTO SEA if there is any break across the Bar, as it is attended with great risk and danger, from the short abrupt sea which comes in, in the shape of rollers, with great velocity. After entering the Heads the Channel is clear from side to side ; steer along the Fraser's Island shore at the distance of one or two cables' length until abreast of the first high land; then steer N.W.JW.; the Fairway Buoy will soon be' seen,-steer for it, and pass close on either side of it; when abreast of the buoy haul up north, or steer for the highest part of the ridge of high land on Fraser's Island ; the lower beacon (red) will be seen a little on the starboard bow ; when abreast of this beacon,-which leave a cable's length on the starboard hand-(as all buoys and beacons painted red),-the Channel is shewn by three beacons placed on the edge of the bank on the port side the Channel, which is steep too, as is the bank on the other side of the Channel , after passing the three black beacons in succession (which are to be left on the port hand, as all buoys and beacons painted black), you will be the third of a mile from the beacon (red) on the sand spit running out from the south part of Stewart's Island ; haul round this within a ship's length, and follow the sand spit and Stewart's Island shore, a short cable's length distant; the two beacons (red) on Stewart's Island Flat pass within a short ship's length. This Flat is the shoalest part of the Bay, and may be crossed by a vessel drawing 9 feet when the banks are beginning to cover; the Channel then crosses to the other shore, and two beacons (red) indicate the bank which bounds the N.E. side of the Channel ; after passing the next beacon (black) a point will be seen on the starboard bow with a patch (F sandy beach; there is a Flat between this beach and the Round Bush with about 5 feet at low water ; the Channel runs directly in a line with the Round Bush and sandy beach, and is marked with a buoy (black), and beacon (black), which are left a small cable's length on the port hand. Nearly opposite the black beacon, and right in mid channel, is a small patch of rocky ground, about 4 feet at low water ; there is a buoy on this patch (green), which leave a ship's length on the port hand. From the Round Bush PORTS AND HARBOURS .- SAILING DIRECTIONS. 77

the Channel leads in an easterly direction, and passes directly under the white cliffs and high land of Fraser's Island ; the banks on the starboard hand are steep too, and show-unless at high tide- plainly; with the assistance of the beacon and buoys the Channel will be easily followed. From the white cliffs the Channel follows the Fraser's Island shore, which soon becomes low and fronted with mangroves to a low point, from which the coast trends in a north-easterly direction to the white cliffs fronting the river mouth ; from this point the Fairway Buoy will be seen ; as you approach the buoy-which leave on the port hand-the heads of the River Mary open out to the W.S.W. The Channel runs directly in a line with the heads of the river and the white cliffs opposite, and you will carry from 3 to 5 and 6 fathoms as you near the river heads; pass at the distance of half a cable's length from the North Head, and bteer for a small sandy Island about the third of a mile within the North Head , taking care not to close the river heads; round the buoy opposite the sandy Island , and steer for the first clump of high trees on the opposite shore. Off the small Island which lies to the port side of the Channel there is a patch of rocky ground ; it bears about W. by S. from the Island , and is distant about two cables' length; there is a buoy on this patch , which is left on the starboard hand. The Channel is then shown by a white mark on the opposite shore , which leads round the Horse Sboe Flat; thereare also other beacons and buoyswhich pointout the banks ; from this mark you again cross to the other white mark placed on the S.E. bank of the river ; steer along this bank a ship's length distant until you approach the Beaver Rock, upon which there is a beacon ; then edge down to within two ships' lengths of Crab Island until a little-say a good cable's length-past the Beaver Rock Beacon, when again close the port shore, and follow to the white mark half a,mile from Rocky Point, when you diverge a little towards the middle of the river. Pass Rocky Point .within a short ship 's length, and keep that distance from the starboard shore all round the Brothers , There is not more than 6 feet at low water (over a flat) round the Brothers, and it requires half-tide to enable R vessel drawing 9 feet to get over; when at the farther end of the Brothers close the port bank of the river, and 78 PORTS AND HARBOURS.--SAILING DIRECTIONS.

follow it into the Long Reach, where there is a flat with about 6 feet at low water ; the Channel over this Flat leads about one third from the port shore. From the Brothers to Maryborough the river is nearly free from obstructions, and as the rise and fall of tide is considerable-from 7 to 10 feet-it is easily navigated. It is high water on the Bar at full, and change at 8b. 30m., and about 9h. 30m. at the river heads. The flood tide through Hervey's Bay meets the flood through the southern entrance about the Round Bush. The springs run from 3 to 4 knots, and are very irregular. A stranger after entering the Heads should procure the assistance of one of the Natives from Fraser's Island, some of whom are very intelligent and have a good knowledge of the river; they will readily come on board and will be found very useful. If care is taken to proceed when the banks are uncovered, or not later than three quart ers flood, the Harbour is easily navigated, as the Channels are all buoyed and marked off, as in the accompanying sketch ; and it is in contemplation by the Committee to add ad- ditional marks, which will further expedite the navigation. It is to be observed that all buoys and marks painted red are to be left on the starboard hand in entering and going up Wide Bay and Mary River, and all buoys and beacons painted black are to be left on the port hand. Nearly all the banks are steep, too, and have deep water within half a ship's length of them. F. C. KNIGHT. 25th May, 1&99. Turns.-It is high water, full and change, on Wide Bay Bar at 9h. ; rise at springs from 6 to 8 feet. 0

PORT CURTIS. DIRECTIONs.-In making Port Curtis, either from the northward or southward, Mount Larcom may, as a general rule, be first steered for until the adjacent hills are clearly made out. A vessel from the southward, entering by the South PORTS AND HARBOURS.-SAMING DIRECTIONS. 79

Channel, should, after passing the rocky islets lying off Bustard Head, bring Mount Larcom in line with Gat- combe Head, and steer for them so until Peaked Hill (a remarkable mountain, 2,000 feet in height, 15 miles to the south-westward of Rodd Bay) is in line with the highest of the Seal Rocks, S.S.W. s W. ; then steer S.W. j S. for 24 miles (making due allowance for the strength of the stream), or until Mount Larcom is about a quarter of a point open to the northward of Round Hill, the latter bearing W. by N., which would place a vessel about half a mile to the N.N.W. of the highest of the Seal Rocks ; a W. by N. A N. course (allowing for the stream, and keeping South Trees Point well open to the southward of Gatcombe Head) will then lead directly into the harbour, passing at about three-quarters of a mile to the southward of Gatcombe Head. A secure anchorage may be chosen, if necessary, off Observation Point ; the nearer the shore, with safety, the better, as the tide stream runs from 11 to 2 knots at a third of a mile off. Vessels generally select this as a fairway anchorage when waiting for a wind to proceed to sea ; and those of the largest size may safely go up, and anchor in 6 fathoms in the stream between Barney and Auckland Points. In entering the South Channel from the northward, a vessel should make for Hummock Hill, keeping it on a south bearing, and taking care not to bring it to the eastward of S. Q E., in order that the eastern edge of East Banks may be cleared. When the Seal Rocks are distinctly made out, approach them on their northern side (which is steep-to) until Mount Larcom is about a quarter of a point open to the northward of Round Hill, W. by N. ; then proceed up the harbour as above directed. Vessels from the northward, entering Port Curtis by the North Channel, should, when the land is clearly recognized, bring the extreme of Gatcombe Head to bear S.W. by W., • when it will be in line with Settle- 80 PORTS AND HARBOURS .- SAILING DIRECTIONS. ment Point, and should be kept so until the eastern coast of Facing Island is shut in by the east point of the island ; a vessel will then be clear of the north-west end of the East Banks and of the shoal water off East Point, and may round the south-east end of Facing Island. Keep about a quarter of a mile outside Settle- ment Point and the detached rock off Gatcombe Head, taking care to steer clear of the 32 fathom knoll off the head. A berthmay then be taken up as beforedirected.

TIDES.--It is high water in Port Curtis, full and change, a`t 9h. 30 m.; the rise being from 10 to 12 feet. The tides here seem to be as much affected by the prevailing winds as they are, by all accounts, at Moreton Bay, and the streams set very strong in the channels.

KEPPEL BAY.

Brief Instructions for Entering Keppel Bay , by Captain Chatfield, S. S. Eagle. FROM Cape Capricorn steer for the Second Lump, a little on starboard bow (about W. by N. Compass, 10 miles ), until Cape Keppel bears about S. E. Magnetic. Then steer for the centre or southern slope4 of Broad Mountain , according to the tide, about W.S.W. 5 miles, until South Hi ll is well open of Sea Hill . South Hi ll wi ll then bear about South by Compass. Steer then for Keppel Bay , or South Hi ll on port bow . Safe anchorage wi ll be found in about 6 fathoms water by bringing Sea Hill to bear about N.E. ; also good safe anchorage in fr om 3 to 5 fathoms by Curtis Island , taking care to avoid a bank that lies off Salt Creek , north extreme of the island. This bank is in a line drawn from Sea Hi ll Point 1 11 mile to South Hi ll, and shows well at low water . I have found by steering the above course from PORTS AND HARBOURS.-SAILING DIRECTIONS. 81

Cape Capricorn, that we have always insured deep water ; viz., from 6 to 10 fathoms. Great care should be taken, and not to steer too close to the bank between Cape Keppel and Sea Hill. The water shoals very suddenly. Several patches of dangerous rocks exist, and only partly skew at very low tide. The " Timandra " was lost upon this bank. The current off Breaksea Spit is influenced greatly by the wind. I have genera lly found a strong set to the S.E. when outside or to the eastward of the spit ; and when to the northward of the extreme of the shoal water ind about Lady Elliot Island, a strong set into Hervey s Bay.

BROAD SOUND. DIRECTIONS. The entrance of Broad Sound is between the North Point Islands and West Hill, a remarkable mount, bearing W. by N.JN. twenty miles from the western North Point Island. The numerous creeks with which Broad Sound is inter- sected are mostly dry at low water, affording entrance only to boats, which of necessity must ground at every tide. The best anchorage for Coasting Vessels on the west side of the Sound is that in the mouth of the Styx, in three fathoms at low water.-See Chart. In approaching Broad Sound a good look-out should be kept for the numerous rocks and shoals in its vicinity; enter between the North Point Islands and the Flat Islands, where there is a channel of fourteen fathoms, which decreases quickly on approaching the upper part of the Sound; after' passing about midway between those Islands, steer S.jE. about sixteen miles, until Pine Mount bears E. by S., which will be about six miles from the shore, in six and a half fathoms; and from thence steer S.E. or for the upper Head, where a vessel may lie in safety at about one mile to the eastward of the Head, in four fathoms. All vessels trading to Broad Sound should be well supplied with good ground tackling. M. S. RUNDLE, Harbour Master, Rockhampton. *F 82 PORTS AND HARBOURS .- SAILING DIRECTIONS.

TORRES STRAITS. GEOGRAPHIC positions of the BOUNDARY REEFS which,on the eastern and western hand, form the OUTER ROUTE toj rORRES' STRAITS from the Ports of AUSTRALIA, TASMANIA , and NEW ZEALAND, as recently determined bv'H.Al. Ship " Herald," Captain Denham, R.N., F.H.S.

REEF . ( LATITUDE I LONGITUDE V RI N

o

Bellows 1592610E . 930 E.

Do. (Intermediate breaker ) .... 21 26 36 158 47 21„ x .'20 57 0 „ 158 32 33 „ 9 19

Bampton . . . 19 52 22 158 20 3 9 19 W 155 53 25 „ 8 30

(Cato ...... 23 15 32 S. 155 38 OE. 9 23 L.

Wreck ... 22 10 30 „ 155 29 21 „ 9 43 „

.,y I Kenn ... .. 21 15 24 „ 155 51 15 ,, 9 0 „ c x Lihou .. 17 10 30 „ 152 13 0 8 3 „

m i Willis 16 7 0 „ 150 3 39 „ 7 11

Osprey ...... 13 51 0 „ 146 36 0, 6 23

Rains Island Beacon,

(Entrance of `tract)

N.B.-A ship from the southward has only to be placed in 24 ° south , 157° east , and a clear passage of 150 miles wide, free of current, with a flowing south -east " trade " wind, wi ll lie before her for the 1,160 miles to Raine Island entrance to Torres ' Straits, upon the following courses, viz. 1st. N . by W.W . 240 miles, to lat. 20 11 0' S. 2nd. N.W .JW. 700 miles , to lat. 110 36' S. (parallel of Raine Island). 3rd W.S. 220 miles, to Raine Island , (upon its para llel.) NOTE.-The courses are by " compass," corrected for the Successive changes in " Variation " in the Coral Sea. 23rd May. 1860. 11. M. DENHAM. POSTAL INFORMATION.

LIST OF POST OFFICES IN QUEENSLAND.

GENERAL POST OFFICE-Queen -street, Brisbane.

POST TOWN. POSTMASTER.

Banana ...... R. Fitzgerald Bungewargorai (Mt. Abund S. Spencer ance ... f Cleveland...... T. Winship Condamine H. Foster Dalby ...... F. W. Roche Drayton ...... G. H. Loveday Gayndah ...... John Connolly Gladstone...... R. Hethe ri ngton Goondawindi ...... William Elliott Ipswich...... it. Gill Marlborough E. H. Pinchard Maryborough ...... J. H, Robertson Moggill ...... James Shield Nanango ...... William Smith Nulalbin ...... Living Port Denison James Gordon Rockhampton ...... John E. Rutherford Surat ...... Louis Smith Taroom...... M. Zerbe Toowoomba ...... J. W. Bennett Warwick ...... J. Harris Westwood ...... P. Hardy b1 POSTAL INFORMATION.

LOCAL REGULATIONS.

ALL letters received in this Colony from any part beyond the seas that have not been regularly posted at the place of despatch, will be charged with the Colonial Ship Rates of Postage.

All letters posted in Queensland must be pre-paid by affixing thereon postage stamps of sufficient value. Any letter posted for delivery in the Colony will , if the postage stamps thereon be not grossly deficient in value, be forwarded and charged with double the postage de ficient ; but, if grossly deficient , the letter will be opened and returned to the writer.

Amy letter posted for transmission to the United Kingdom will, if bearing at least a single rate of postage , be forwarded, ud charged with the postage deficient, and a single rate of postage as a fine; but if not bearing a single rate of postage, it will be opened and returned to the writer.

Letters .posted for transmission to the neighbouring Colonies, and to Foreign Countries and British Colonies generally, whether sent direct or th rough the United Kingdom , will inva- riably be opened and returned to the writers, unless they bear the full amount of postage payable thereon.

Any person can have a letter registered by affixing on it, by means of the pro per Stamps , the amount of the Registration Fee, in addition to the proper postage , and presenting it at a Post Office duri ng office hours , when a receipt for the same will be given, and every precaution will be adopted to ensure its safe delivery by ente ring it on the Letter Bills, and obtaining a receipt for the same on delivery . As the Post Office , however, is not responsible for the loss of any letter, whether registered or otherwise, parties sending Bank Notes or Drafts are advised to take the numbers and particulars , and to cut such Notes or Drafts in halves, and to send them by different Posts. Letters, on being re-directed , are chargeable N%itha new and distinct rate of postage.

Inland Letters must be posted half an-hour previous to the time fixed for the despatch of Mai ls . but late letters will be receivedto within a quarter of an bout, upon a tee of a Sixpenny Stamp beingaffixed to each letter. POSTAL INFORMATION 85

TOWN DELIVERY.

Daily at 9 A.M.and 2 P.M. in North Brisbane ; 2 P.M. in For- titude Valley; 9 A.M. in South Bri sbane : and 9 A.M. and 2 P.M. at Kangaroo Point. Letters may be posted until within a quarter of an hour of the time of each delivery . Iron Letter Receivers , intended for the receipt of letters only , have been fixed at South Brisbane, Fortitude Valley, and Kangaroo Point . The hours at which they are cleared are stated on the Receivers . The Delivery Office is open from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., except when steamers leave at a later hour, when the office is kept open till 6 p.m.

The following persons have been appointed licensed vendors of Stamps , viz.: .Messrs. J. W. Buxton , C. G. Campen, and James Mi ller, in No rt h Brisbane ; Mr. J. J . Scott, South Bri sbane ; and Mr. F. J. Hingston , Fortitude Valley.

The Mails for England are made up in Brisbane on or about the 18th of each month , or in time to secure their arriving in Sydney before the 22nd , the date on which the Mail leaves for England.

The Mails for New Zealand are despatched so as to arrive in Sydney about the 15th of each month . The Mails for Victo ria, South Australia , and Tasmania are despatched , via Sydney, weekly.

The Dead Letter Office is open from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M.

The Country Offices are open from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M., except where Mails arrive at a later hour ; in which case they are open for half an hour after such arrival , but not later than 8 P.M. TABLE OF ARRIVAL AND DESPATCH OF MAILS FROM AND TO TFIE GENERAL POST OFFICE, BRISBANE, AND OTHER OFFICES IN THE COLONY OF QUEENSLAND.

POST TOWN. MAIL CLOSES AT OENRRAL POST OPTICS , BRISBANE. MAIL ARRIVES AT POST TOWN.

Banana ...... Monday and Tuesday , at 1 p .m...... , , ednesday, at 7 p.m. Bungewargorai Monday , at 1 p.m ...... Wednesda,i, at noon Cleveland...... Monday , at 1 p.m...... Monday, at 6 p.m. Condamine ..., Monday , at 1 p.m. Saturday, at 4 p.m. Dalby ...... Monday and Friday, at 1 p.m...... Thursday and Sunday, at 4 p.m. Drayton ...... Monday and Friday , at 1 p.m, . . Wednesday, noon, and Saturday, at 6 p.m. Gayndah I Monday , at 1 p.m ., Tuesday , at 1.30 p. in. Saturday, at 8 p.m. Gladstone ...... Fortnightly , per Steamer ...... • • .... Fortnightly, per Steamer Goondawindi .. Monday , at 1 p.m ...... Saturday, at 2 p.m. Ipswich ...... Daily (Sundays excepted ) at 1.30 p.m.. . Daily, at 7 p.m. Leyburn ... Monday , at 1 p.m., Thursday , 1.30 p.m, Thursday, 10 a.m,, and Monday, 8 p.m. Marlborough .. Fortnightly by Steamer via Rockhampton 'Fortnightly Maryborough , . Fortnightly per Steamer ...... Fortnightly Moggill As opportunity offers As opportunity offers Nanango ...... Monday, at 1 p.m., Tuesday , at 1.30 p.m. Friday, at noon Nulalbin .... , Fortnightly, via Rockhampton Fortnightly, per Steamer Port Denison .. Via Rockhampton , per Steamer ...... Monthly, from Rockhampton Rockhampton .. Fortnightly, per Steamer ...... Fortnightly, per Steamer Surat...... Monday , at 1 p.m, Monday , at 8 p.m. Taroom . .. , .. Monday, at 1 p.m. , . , , ... , Monday, at 6 p.m. Toowoomba .... Monday and Friday , at 1 p.m„ .. , .... . Wednesday, at 11 a.m., Saturday, at 5 P.M. Warwick ., .... Sunday and Thursday, at 1.30 p. m. ,... Tuesday, at 4 p.m., Saturday, at 11 a.m. Westwood .... Fortnigbtly, via Rockhampton ...... • Fortnightly, per Steamer PORT TOWNS. MAIL LLAVES POR BRISBANE, RAIL ARRIVES AT BaISBANR.

Banana ... . Thursday, at 6 a.m ...... Friday, at 10 a.m. Bungewargorai Thursday, at noon ...... Friday , at 10 a.m. Cleveland ...... Tuesday, at 2 p. m ...... Tuesday, at 6 p.m. Condamine .... Monday, at noon ...... Friday, at 10 a.m. Dalhy ...... Saturday and Wednesday, at 4 a.m..... Monday and Friday, at 10 a.m. Drayton ...... Thursday and Sunday, at 4 a.m...... Monday and Friday, at 10 a.m. Gayndah ,..,,. Monday, at 6 a.nl ...... Friday, at 10 a.m. Gladstone ...... Per Steamer ...... Fortnightly, per Steamer Goondawindi Monday, at 6 a.m ...... Friday, at 10 a.m. Ipeaich ...... Daily (Sundays excepted) at 6 a.m. .... Daily , at 10 a.m. Leyburn ... Wednesday , at 6 a.m...... Friday, at 10 a.m. Marlborough Fortnightly ...... Fortnightly Maryborough Fortnightly...... Fortnightly Moggill ...... As opportunity offers As opportunity offers Nanango ...... Tuesday, 3 p.m , and Saturday at 6 a.m. Friday, at 10 a.m.. Monday, at 10 a.m. Nulalbin .... Fortnightly, per Steamer ...... Fortnightly, per Steamer Port Denison Monthly, via Rockhampton ...... Monthly, via Rockhampton Rockhampton Fortnightly, per Steamer ...... Fortnightly, by Steamer Surat , ... , .... , F ri day, at 6 a.m ...... Friday, at 10 a in. Taroom ...... Friday , at 6 a.nl...... Friday, at 10 a.m. Toowoomba .... Thursday and Sunday, at 5 a .m...... Monday and F riday , at 10 a in. Warwick ...... Wednesday and Saturday, at 2 p.m..... Monday and Fiidav , at 10 a.m. Westwood...... Fortnightly, per Steamer ...... Fortnightly, per Steamer.

[The arrangements set forth in this Table were in force at the time of the Issue of this Publication , but it is probable that some Qp alight alterations will be made early in 1862, when the Postal Inspector has completed his official tour through the Colony.] 88 POSTAL INFORMATION.

LETTERS.

Town Letters:-Not exceeding 4 oz., Id.; exceeding 4 oz., but not exceeding 1 oz., 2d. ; exceeding 1 oz., but not exceeding 2 oza., 4d.; and so on , increasing 2d. for every additional ounce or fractionof an ounce.

Inland Letters :-Not exceeding 4 oz., 2d.; exceeding 4 oz., but not exceeding 1 oz. 4d.; exceeding 1 oz., but not exceeding 2 ozs., 8d .; and so on, increasing 4d. for every additional ounce or fraction of an ounce.

Letters to British Colonies and Foreign Countries (except in Special cases as given ) :- Not exceeding # oz., 6d ; exceeding I oz., but not exceeding 1 oz., Is. ; and so on, increasing 6d. for every additional 4 ounce or fraction of # ounce. No charge whatever is made on the above -mentioned Letters on receipt in this Colony , provided they have be en duly posted. Arrange- ments have been made with the Colonies of New South Wales, Victo ri a, South Australia , Western Australia , and Tasmania. for the delivery of such Letters at their final destination without further charge. Letters sent overland to any of the neighbour- ing Colonies are charged the same Rates of Postage as when rent by sea.

Letters to and from the United Kingdom :-Not exceeding 4 oz.b 6d.; exceeding 4 oz , but not exceeding 1 oz., Is.; exceeding 1 oz„ but not exceeding 2 ozs ., 2s.; and so on, increasing Is. for everyadditional ounce or fractionof an ounce. Letters for- warded via Marseilles are liable , in addition, to a rate of 3d. for every J ounce weight , to cover the cost of transit through France. The above rates will be the entire amount charged upon letters sent to or from any part of the United K ingdom, or of the Colony.

Letters addressed to Officers serving on Board any of Her Mmjesty's Ships on a Foreign Station when sent through the United Kingdom:-Not exceeding 4 oz., Is.; exceeding 4 oz., but not exceeding 1 oz., 2s. ; exceeding 1 oz., but not exceeding 2 ozs ., 4s.; and so on, increasing 2s. for every additional ounce, or fraction of an ounce.

Seamen's and Soldiers' Letters:-Letters sent to or by Seamen and Soldiers in Her Majesty's bei vice will be trrnsmitted within POSTAL INFORMATION. 89

the Colony, and between the Colony and any Post Office in the British Dominions, at a charge of one penny, provided that the following Regulations are observed :-1 st-Each letter must not exceed j oz. in weight. 2nd-It must be superscribed with the name of the writer , his description or class in the vessel or regi- ment, and signed by the officer at the time in command. 3rd- The Postage must be pre-paid. Any letter of this description posted or received in this Colony, not in accordance with the foregoing Regulations, will be treated as an ordinary letter.

Letters forwarded via the United Kingdom to the undermen- tioned Colonies and Foreign Countries :-All letters of this class paid in fall are sent to the United Kingdom via Southampton, unless specially marked for transmission via Marseilles, in which case they must bear in addition to the rates of Postage specifiedhereunder, pcstage at the rateof 3d. forevery 4 oz.of their weight. But it must be understood, that Letters addressed to France and the Continent of Europe, and marked for trans- mission via Marseilles , (Registered Letters excepted, which must always be sent through the United Kingdom) are, unless specially marked for transmission via the United Kingdom, sent in the Closed Mail for Marsei lles , and need only in that case hear the Colonial Ship Rates of Postage of 6d. the 4 oz. These rates of pootage, which must be paid in advance by Postage Stamps, will carry the lettersto theirrespective destinations without further charge.

^L _c I C E C p

l a m •COUNTRIEe, &c. c L e

o °o 0o °o Z

a. d. s. d. s. d s. d. s. d. Aft ica, West Coast.. 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Aleppo .. 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Austria (except Venetian Lombardy) ...... 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Azores ...... 2 1 2 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 Baden ...... 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Bavaria ...... 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Belgium ...... 0 9 0 9 1 6 1 6 1 6 Bermuda .. 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10

Several of the less prominent places or countries are necessarily omitted.* 90 POSTAL INFORMATION.

p m tl G C 7 'tJ

COUNTRIES, Sic. c .w c o yo,Y mm m y I meN d m.., .2 14 d b O p o O {r. Z .1 eQ 6 S.s. d. s. d. a. d. a. d. s. d, Bolivia ... 2 5 2 5 4 10 410 410 Brazil.. . 1 5 1 5 2 10 2 10 2 10 Bremen ...... 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Brunswick 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Buenos Ayres .. .. , . 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Cadiz ...... 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 California ,...... 1 9 1 9 3 5 3 5 3 5 Canada .. .. 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Cape of Good Hope.. 0 11 011 110 110 110 Cape de Verde...... 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 Chili...... 2 5 2 5 4 10 4 10 4 10 Constantinople.. .. . 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Cuba...... 2 0 2 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 Denmark . .. .. 1 5 1 5 2 9 2 9 2 9 Falkland IslandM . , ... 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 France . .. .. 0 10 1 2 2 0 2 4 2 4 Frankfort...... 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Galatz 1 7 1 7 3 2 3 2 3 2 Gibraltar...... , 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 Gold Coast 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Greece 1 5 2 4 3 9 4 8 4 8 Grey Town (St. Juan de Nicaragua) .. 011 1 011 110 110 110 Hamburg ...... 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Hanover ...... 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Hayti 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 Heligoland 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0, *Holland ...... 0 6 0 6 1 0 1 0 1 0 Honduras ...... 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 IonianIslands...... 1 6 1 6 3 0 3 0 3 0 Liberia 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Luxemburg (Duchy) ... 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Madeira ...... 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 Majorca ...... 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Malta ...... 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0

• Upon Letters for Holland the Rate only for conveyance to the United Kingdom is required ; the Rate from the United Kingdom to Holland wdl be colleted in Holland. POSTAL INFORMATION. 91

pp 2b km C m G b P qq a p COUNTRIES, &c. 188 T dm ;: -- .4 r . W

8. d. a. d. a. d. x d. a. d. Mecklenburg Strelitz .. 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Mecklenburg Schwerin.. 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Mexico ...... 2 7 2 7 5 2 5 2 5 2 Minorca ...... 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Modena ...... 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Naples 5 2 4 3 9 4 8 4 8 Nassau (Grand Duchy)- 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Natal...... 0 11 0 11 1 10 t 10 1 10 New Brunswick. .. .. 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Newfoundland...... 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Norway ...... 110 110 3 8 3 8 3 8 Nova Scotia ...... 011 011 110 110 110 Oldenburg .. .. 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Oregon 1 9 1 9 3 5 3 5 3 5 Papal States (exceptR o- magna)., .. .. 1 5 2 4 3 9 4 8 4 8 Parma Placentia 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3• 0 2 5 2 5 41 0 4 10 410 Poland 1 6 1 6 2 11 211 2 11 Portugal . ... 2 1 2 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 Prince Edward Island 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Prussia ...... 1 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Rhodes ...... 0 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Romagna ...... 0 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Russia 1 6 1 6 211 211 211 St. Helena 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 St. Thomas .. .. 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Sandwich Islands 9 1 9 3 5 3 5 3 5 Sardinia ...... 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Saxony . .. .. 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Sicilies (Two)...... 5 2 4 3 9 4 8 4 8 Sierra Leone ...... 0 it 0 11 1 10 1 10 1 10 Smyrna .. . ? 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 Spain (Cadiz and ' Vigo excepted) ...... 1 2 1 5 2 7 2 10 2 10 Surinam ...... 0 11 0 11 1 10 1 1 10 1 10 Sweden ...... 1 8 1 8 3 .4 3 4 3 4 Switzerland 1 0 1 6 1 2 6' 3 0 3 0 92 I'O bT_1L INFO1tli ITION

d M COUNTRIES, &c. s.«

O Ww

x d. .s it. x d s. d. I s. it. Syri a.. .. 1 0 1 6 2 6' 3 0 3 0 Tripoli (in Sy ri a) 1 0 1 6 2 61 3 0 3 0 Tunis.. 1 0 1 6 2 6 1 3 0 3 0 Turkey (a few places ex- cepted).. 1 2 i 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Tuscany . .. 1 0 1 6 2 6 1 3 0 3 0 united States ...... 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 Varna.. .. t 7 1 713 2 3 2 3 2 Venetian Lombardy. 1 :3 2 0 1 3 3 4 0 4 0 Venezuela.. 1 5 1 5 2 10 2 10 2 10 Vigo (via Southampton).. 1 0 1 6 2 6 3 0 3 0 West Indies (British) 0 11 0 11 1 10 110 *West Indies (Foreign) 1 9 1 9 31 6 3 6 3 6 Wurtemberg ...... 1 0 1 6 2 10 6 3 0 3 0

* Except Cuba, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin 's, St. Euetatins , Curacoa, Guadeloupe, and Martinique.

REGISTRATION OF LETTERS. Registered letters for the British Possessions in China, the Mediterranean, the West Indies, North America, Africa, and f'or St . Helena, Belgium , the Netherlands, and Spain , are charged Is. for registration fee. For Prussia , the German States. Hanover , Saxony, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Brunswick. Oldenburg (Berkenfeld excepted), Anhalt, Austrian Dominions, Servia, the Ionian Islands, Denmark, Moldavia Wallachia, Turkey in Europe (via Austria), Sweden and Norway, when these count ri es are not addressed via Franco ; and for any of the following countries, if specially addressed via Prussia, viz.:-Luxembourg, Baden, Bavaria, Wurtemhurg, Sardinia, Switzerland , Papal St ates , and Greece,- the registration fee is Is. 3d. For the United States the fee is Is. 5d. under the 4 oz., and 2s. 10d. for each oz. or fraction of an oz., besides the postage of Is. 2d. the } oz. For France aqd Algeria, or the following Countries, the correspondence of which is forwarded through France, viz.:- POSTAL INFORMATION. 93

the places in Turkey, Svria , or Egypt , at which France main rains Post Offices (including , among others, Alexandria , Beyrout, Tripoli, Smyrna, Constantinople , Varna, Galatz, and Trebizond), Luxembourg , Baden , Bavaria , Wurtemburg. Sardinia , Switzer- land, Tunis , Tangiers , Tuscany , Parma , Modena . Papal States, Two Sicilies , and Greece ; and for the following countries, if specia lly addressed via France , viz. :-The Netherlanas , Prussia, German States . Hanover , Saxony, Mecklenburg -Schwerin, Mecklenburg - Strelitz , Brunswick , Oldenburg , (Birkenfeld ex- cepted ), Anhalt, Austrian Dominions, Servia, Denmark . Molda- via. Wallachia , Turkey in Europe, (via Austria ), Sweden, Norway, Poland, and Russia ,- the fee is &i., and an additional amount exactly equal to the amount of postage British and Fore ign , i.e., the full amount of postage , less the British and Colonial rate of 6d. the j oz. For Russia and Poland , when letters do not exceed } or. the fee is is. 64d•* The above -mentioned registration fees may be paid by means of ordinary stamps when the fee exceeds is., but not otherwise.

Letters for the Continent of Europe via Trieste .- These Letters w ill be forwarded by the Mail Contract Packets via Suez , and the following rates will pre-pay them to Alexandria, whence they will be forwarded to their destination by the Aus- trian Government , and the Foreign Postage due thereon collected on delivery:-For a letter not exceeding 4 oz.. Is.; exceeding k or., but not exceeding 1 or., 2s.; exceeding 1 or., but not ex- ceeding 2 ozs., 4b.; and so on, increasing 2s. for every ounce or fraction of an ounce.

Letters via Callao and Panama.-Letters addressed to or through Great Britain ' by this route must bear, in addition to the ordinary Postage Rate a 6d. Stamp for every j oz., in order to cover the New Granadian transit charge.

Letters for Syria and Turkey.-Letters addressed to Syria and Turkey will be sent via Alexandria and Jaffa, ( unless marked for transmission via the United K ingdom), and must bear, in addition to the Colonial Ship rate of Postage of 6d. the half. ounce, Postage according to the following rates : viz.: Not exceeding 4 or., 6d.; exceeding 4 oz., but not exceeding 1 oz.,

* Registered Letters for these Countries (unless sent through France). are liable to four Registration fees , viz.:-0o1 onial, ed.; British, Gd.; Prussian. 3d. ; Russian , 31•d. The three first fees do not increase , whatever may be the weight of the Letter , but the latter fee of 3* d increases as follows:-31d. for half - an-ounce; 7d. for 7 ounce ; and 7d . Additional foi every additional ounce or fraction of an ounce. 94 POSTAL INFORMATION.

10d.; exceeding 1 oz., but not exceeding 2 one., Is 8d .; and so on, increasing at the rate of 10d . for every additional ounce or fraction of an ounce.

Letters for Spain, Portugal, Madeira , 4u.-Letters for Spain, Portugal , Madeira, the Azores , the Cape de Verd Islands, and other Portuguese possessions on the Coast of Africa , will (unless marked for transmission via the United K ingdom ) be forwarded in the Mail made up for Gibraltar , and wi ll in such case only be liable to the Colonial Ship rate of Postage of 6d . the 4 ounce.

PACKETS AND BOOKS.

Packets of Gold Transmitted within the Colony.-Not exceed- ing 4 oz, 4d.; exceeding # oz., but not exceeding 1 on., 8d; exceeding 1 oz., but not exceeding 2 one., Is. 4d. ; and so on, increasing 8d. for every additional ounce or fraction of an ounce.

Packets conta in ing Bank Pass Books , Sfe.-Not exceeding 4 ozs., 2d.; and Id. extra for every additional 2 ounces or fraction of an ounce. Bankers' Parcels, containing Pass Books . sent by or to any Bank or Banker ; Cases or Covers enclosing Maps or Plans trans. mitted by or addressed to the Surveyor -General or Deputy Surveyor -General; Returns made from or to any Department of the Public Service, pursuant to any Law or duly authorised Regulations ,- will be forwarded , closed against in .pection, pro- vided they bear on the outside a statement of the contents, sub- scribed with the name and address of the sender ; that there sha I not be in or upon any of the Packets any Letter or epistolary communication or intelligence , and that they do not exceed 16 one, in weight. (Except Maps and Plans, the weight of which may extend to 3lbs. ) If such packets, however , are posted in covers, open at both ends , they need not bear the statement in question , and the weight of any such packet may be increased to 31bs., as they come under the head of Book Parcels. Packets containing Returns of Births , Baptisms , Marriages, and Deaths , may be transmitted unstamped , the Postage being paid on delivery, if marked as containing such Returns only, and signed by the Clergyman or the District Registrar trans- mitting them. Packets open at each end, containing Printed Reports of the Proceedings of any Benevolent , Religious, or Charitable Inatitu- POSTAL INFORMATION. 95

tione ,rwben posted at any Post Office for delivery at such office, or at any place within the limits of the City or Town in which such Post Office is situated :- Not exceeding 4 ozs ., ld. ; and for every additional 2 ozs. or portion of 2 ozs., Id. The same Regulations apply to these Packets as to those con- taining Bank Pass Books, &c. The Postage on all the above Packets, with the exceptionof Returns of Births , & c.: must be pre-paid by stamps.

Book Packets for Malta, Gibraltar . Spain, Portugal Madeira, The Azores , Cape de Verd Islands, and other Por/u- gese Possessions on the Coast of Africa, and the United King- dom :-Not exceeding 4 ozs , 4d. ; not exceeding j 1b., 8d. ; ex- ceeding j lb., but not exceeding 1 lb., 1s 4d.; and so on, in- creasing 8d. for every additional j lb, or portion of a } lb. Packets of Books and P ri nted Papers of every kind , posted in conformity with the Regulations of the British Colonial Book Post , and addressed to the United K ingdom , may be forwarded in the closed Mails despatched by way of Marseilles. The Postage on such Bdok Packets , sent by the route to Marseilles, including the French Transit Rate, wi ll be-Not exceeding 4 ozs., 6d.; above 4 ozs., and not exceeding 8 ozs , Is. ; above 8 ozs., and not exceeding 1 lb., 2s.; above 1 lb ., and not exceeding 1j lb , 3s.; above 1j lb., and not exceeding 2 lbs., 4s.; and so on, adding 1s . for each additional j lb or fraction of a j lb. The postage must be pre-paid by means of postage stamps , and the value of the stamps affixed to a packet will be taken as an indi- cation of the choice of ro ute on behalf of the sender, i.e., whether by Southampton or Marseilles.

Inter - Colonial Book Packets:--Not exceeding I lb., 6d.; exceeding j lb., but not exceeding l lb., Is.; and so on, increas- ing 6d . for every additional J lb. or portion of a J lb.

Inland Book Packets :- Not exceeding 4 ozs., 2d. , and ld. extra for every additional 2 ozs. or fraction of 2 oza.

The undermentioned articles may be transmitted as Book Parcels either within or beyond the Colony , viz :- -Books, Pub- lieations , and Works of Literature or Art.-The following are included under the above heads , viz :-All Books , whether printed, w ritten , or plain, or any mixture of the three ; photo- graphs upon paper and printed circulars of every description ; publications or compilations , whether in pri nt or in manuscript; almanacs, prints , mapb, whether on paper, or canvas , or cloth, 7 6 POsT vL iNFOtt1I vTION and who then printed or wiitten, or any mixture of the two.; and any de,,cribtion of paper, parchment, or vellum, whether printed, written upon, or plain, or any mixture of the three, with any binding, mounting , or covering of, or upon , or belonging to any book, or publication, or work, or any portion thereof, or of or be'onging to any paper, parchment, or vellum, and any cases or rollers of prints , or maps , book-markers , pencils , pens, orothet articles usually appertaining to any such book publication, or work , paper parchment , or vellum, or necessary for its safe transmission. The following are the Rules which must be attended to in the transmission of Book Parcels:-1. No packet shall exceed two feet in length breadth cr width.-2. No packet shall exceed three pounds in weight -3. With the above limitations, a packet may -contain any number of separate books, almanacs , maps, or prints, and any quantity of paper, vellum . or parchment.-4. Every packet shall be sent open at the ends or sides and either without a cover or in a cover or envelope open at the ends or side,, and there shall be no letter either closed or open, nor any enclosure , sealed or otherwise . closed against inspection , sent in or with any such packet, nor shall there be any letter or any communication in the nature of a letter written or printed on the cover or envelope of any such packet.- 5. The name and address of the sender may appear on the cover, as well as those of the party addressed, but this is not indispensible.-6. Should a packet be posted unpaid, or with a pre-pac ment of less than a single rate , or be enclosed in a cover not open at the ends or sides, or should it exceed the dimensions or weight speci fied, such packet will be sent to the Dead Letter O il ce, and returned to the writer.-7. Should any letter, whether sealed or open, or otherwise closed against inspection, be found in a Book Packet, such letter or other enclosure will be forwarded, chaiged not only with the postage due upon it as an unpaid letter, but also with an additional single Book Post Rate. The pack- t itself, in such vase, will be forwarded provided the postage shall have be, it duly paid, without any extra charge.-8. Where a Book Packet shall have been posted. and insufficiency pre-paid. and it shall appear that at lea,t a singly rate has been paid thereon, such packet will be forwarded, chaiged with an additional postage equal to the deficiency and a further rate as a fine. In cases where, from the arrival of Packet Ships from Eng- land or from any other cause the number of such Book Parcels is unusually large, the Postmaster in older to prevent interiup- tion to the punctual despatch of the ordinary Mails is author.z d to delay the transmission of any such Packet, for three succes- sn e Post. Pw,1AL INFURMATIVN. 97

NEWSPAPERS.

Newspapers are ti ansinitted within the Colony flee of charge if posted within seven days from the date of publication ; if posted after that pet iod, they are subject to a charge of one penny. Newspapers for the United Kingdom are chargeable with one penny each, if intended for transmission via Southampton, but with threepence, if posted for transmission via Marseilles. Newspapers for transmission to the Continent of Europe via Trieste are chargeable with twopence each. Newspapers for the neighboring Colonies and for all places beyond the seas not already specified, are transmitted free of charge, and all newspapers from such places received in the Colony are delivered without charge. Newspapers for Syria and Turkey, when transmitted via Alexandria, are liable to a charge of one penny for every two ounces weight. The Postage on all Newspapers chargeable therewith must be paid by affixing on the Newspapers stamps of sufficient value, and no newspapers will be forwarded unless it bears the full amount of postage.

PLAIN DIRECTIONS FOR PERSONS HAVING BUSINESS AT A POST OFFICE.

WHFN applying for letters , always mention the Christian as well as the surname of the party for whom you apply. Should you ever obtain a letter addressed to you, but which, upon examination , appears not to be for you, but for some one else of the same name, close it again,-write on the back a memorandum that it has been opened by you, but is not intended for you,-sign your name to it, and hand it back to the Postmaster at the office window. Do not re -post it in the ordinary letter box, as is commonly done-frequently without the letter being resealed, or the least explanation written on it. When addressing letters, always commence with the name of the person for whom the letter is intended , and finish with the name of the Post Town , or, in the went of its *G 98 POSTAL INFORM ATION. being intended for some place out of the Colony, with tae name of the colony or country in addition to that of ttIV Post Town. The want of attention in this respect frequently causes mistakes, as, for instance, letters for Ipswich in England, are, for want of the latter word, frequently sent to Ipswich, in Queensland ; and vice versa; while in cases where the letter bears the name of neither Post Town or country, it is sometimes impossible to know where to send it. You may be very familiar with the name and locality of a particular sheep station on the Murray, but it does not follow therefore that every Postmaster in the Australian Colonies should know it ; and yet letters are frequently posted intended for places 1,000 miles away, and bearing only the, name of thv person, and that of the station at which he resides, or is employed. Before posting always be careful to observe that your letter has on it the proper stamp, the want of which fre- quently causes much delay and inconvenience to writers, and is also the cause of much additional trouble to the Post Office. Also be careful to see that the stamp adheres closelyto the letter. Never delay the posting of your letters. The time of closing the various mails is invariably fixed at the latest moment consistent with their punctual despatch, but this is done in the expectation that no unnecessary delay will take place in posting. When, therefore, the bulk of the letters are posted immediately before the time of closing the mail (as is at present not unfrequently the case), great delay is caused, and the liability to mistakes increased from the hurried manner in which the work has to be performed. When, in consequence of a change of residence, you wish your letters re directed to some other office, give or send directions to the Postmaster in writing. Verbal directions are never attended to. When you apply at the office window for Postage Stamps, have your money ready to pay for them ; do not keep the Postmaster waiting while you are looking for it in your purge, or picking it out from among various nick-nicks you may have in your pocket. A Postmaster has other duties to perform besides attending to calls at the window, and a feio minutes are at times (especially when closing mail,,) in- valaable to him. And, when possible, provide youreelf POSTAL INFORMATION. 99 vpitlt the exact money you require to pay ; giving change is a tedious process, productive of much delay, while no Post Office can provide sufficient change to accommodate all who apply. Of course no one would, for the purpose of ob- taining change , tender a pound note in payment for a two- penny stamp. At a Post Office confine yourself strictly to such business as properly belongs to it. Do not ask needless or frivolous questions, which, however obligingly or patiently answered by the Postmaster, are still felt by him a serious tax upon his time. This is a blank page

PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL.

RETURN OF STOCK

IN THE COLONY OF QUEENSLAND ON THE 7TH DAY OF APRIL, 1861.

POLICE D ISTRICTS (INCLUDING HORSES. CATTLE. SHEEP. PIGS. Towvs).

Brisbane ..... 2,609 55,804 42,895 2,049 Ipswich ...... 2,975 54,988 273,882 2,217 Gayndah ...... 1,780 35,196 506,066 264 Warwick ...... 2,903 27,12 468,943 1,046 Drayton and 1,309 11,554 229,061 428 Toowoomba Dalby ...... 1,599 18,698 337,545 115 Callandoon .. 1,698 24,095 142,948 59 Condamine .... 2,173 82,943 493,281 29 Taroom ...... 859 4,337 282,548 13 Rockhampton.. 1,365 13,132 303,849 89 Gladstone...... 652 15,983 98,507 18 Maryborough.. 1,818 65,053 112,953 778 Nanango ...... 1,620 23,774 156,870 35 Kennedy ...... 134 121 2 7

23,504 432,890 3,449,350 7,147 m m DESCRIPTION OF CROP. a0 w U m z r 00 I DISTRICT . TOTAL. F w . z ON z 0 14 C bY°N' a W 6 R a m a tr+a po c o 3 x zy O CJ W U F _w ami.°

V A. R. A. R. A. R . A. R. A. R. A. R. A. R. A. R. U E Brisbane ...... 3 3 562 3 62 2 145 0 2 2 .... 503 3 1280 1 F ti Ipswi.:h...... 19 2 362 3 33 0 110 2 ...... 110 2 636 1 Z Drayton & Toowoomba 15 3 164 2 2 0 .... . • .... 87 2 269 3;=06 A FA Warwick...... 153 0 403 1 168 3 4 0 ...... 139 0 868 0 E1•a ooo° Zp M, Dalby ...... ?2 .... 130 ...... 50 252 0 Callandoon...... 8 2 8 2 h a 0 q Condamine ...... 4 0 0 3 ...... 8 2 13 1 t; o a+ x Glayndah...... 24 1 2 0 31 2 67 3 o.a 12 0 .0 1 103 2 z Nana go ugh...... 24 2 9 2 2 0 1530 20 2 z 0 PqW Gladstone ...... 3 0 3 + w Rockhampton...... 0 1 8 3 2 0 .... 3 0 26 2 40 2 a g Qr Taroom ...... 1 0 1 0 a A Kennedy W w ...... Q a W O `-_ •mw ca 1 14 2 3 1 988 1 3353 1 Total...... 196 0 1593 2 276 1 282 Z H PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL. 103

AGRICULTURAL RESERVES. THE following is a list of the Agricultural Reserves proclaimed up to the 15th of November, 1861, showing the quantity of purchased and leased land taken up on each :-

EXTENT. I PURCHASED . LEASED.

Acres. A. R. A. R. Brisbane ...... 7,876 40 0 355 0 Ipswich . 11,000 123 0 'I oowoomba ...... 22,600 1,130 0 Drayton ...... 11,000 1,148 0 Warwick...... 11,000 307 1 407 2 Maryborough ...... 20,000 ...... Gladstone ...... 10,000 Rockhampton ...... 10,000 606 2 941 1 Redcliffe ...... 23,000 Logan River ...... 20,000 .... Fitz Roy,River ...... 20,000 Facing Island ...... 8,000

TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PLANTS AN ACRE OF LAND WILL CONTAIN.

Feet No. of Feet No. of Feet No. of asunder. Plants. asunder. Plants. asunder. Plants.

2 10,890 9 537 20 108 3 4.840 10 435 21 98 4 2,722 12 302 25 69 5 1,742 15 J93 30 48 8 680 18 134 35 35

RULE. --Multiply t he distances into each other, and with the product divide 43,560 (the number of square feet in an acre), and the quotient is the number of plants. 104 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL.

THE ORANGE.

IT isto be regrettedthat so littlesuccess has hitherto attended the cultivationof this valuable fruit in Queensland , possessing as it does a climate at least as favorable for its growth as New South Wales. The inducements to renewed efforts are very great , as--in addition to the large home consumption , which at present necessitates its importation to the extent of about £2 ,000 per annum - it is a fruit capable of being exported , and we are likely to have a large market in the northern ports for many years. In the majority of instances, this want of success appears attributable to the nature of the plant not being understood , and thus it has teen put in places where it could not possibly grow. To insure the successful cultivation of the Orange, two facts must be kept prominently in view : first- that a small quantity of water in the soil will rot the bark off its roots , and cause the tree to sicken and die back ; and second - that the most important of the roots are " surface roots. " The extreme tenderness of the- bark of the root indicates that no soil is fit for its growth which will retain water, but should be free and open at all seasons , allowing the rain to percolate freely through and away from the roots almost as fast as it falls. The Orange in the vicinity of Brisbane has proved most successful in two very different sorts of soil, but both possessing that necessary quality of allowing a free passage for water . The one is a sandy loam, in which sand greatly preponderates, as in Cannan 's garden at Kangaroo Point (now belonging to Captain Sinclair), and Mr . Winship 's garden at South Brisbane ; the other is a red crumbling (not adhesive) clay, having a con- siderable admixture of stones , sometimes schist. The earth should in every ease (except that of pure PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL. 105

sand) be trenched two feet six inches deep before plant- ing, and the trees , twenty feet apart each way, should be planted near the surface of the ground , or not deeper than they were in the nursery , the roots being spread out all round the stem . The surface should not be dug after planting , as all the fibrous roots , upon which the lateral or fruit -bearing branches chiefly depend, run along the surface of the ground . A dressing of some well -rotted leaves and sheep dung , with some light short litter , should be laid for two feet round the stems twice a year. In cases where the proprietor has not time to trench the whole of the land he wishes to plant, it might be trenched to the full depth in strips of four or six feet wide, these strips running parallel , and being twenty feet apart from centre to centre , and the trees twenty feet apart along the middle of the bed . It is generally a waste of both time and money to plant trees in holes dug in untrenched land. A. J. HOCKINGS.

THE GRAPE VINE.

FOR every one to dwell under his Vine and under his Fig Tree has for ages be en considered as descriptive of a state of plenty, peace , and contentment much to be desired, but be yond the reach of the general mass of mankind . These adjuncts to happiness , however, are comparatively easy of attainment in this favoured land, where they would be considered the mere ordinary reward of industry ; and yet how few secure them ! The Vine, whose praises have been immortalized in song and story, is almost ignored by our small cottagers, who should be the greatest gainers by its culture. How many a naked gable could be made to yield rich stores 103 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL. of pleasure to sight and taste by the presence of a neatly trained Vine ? What more luxuriant than its growth? What more fragrant than its blossom ? What more beautiful than the clustering bunches of its ripe fruit ? What more abundant reward for the husband- man ? What more delicious or grateful to the palate ? The Vine delights in a light free soil with a porous, sub-soil. Eighteen inches of good soil is sufficient for the Vine, and the subsoil should also be broken up a foot deep without bringing it to the surface. A little manure will add to the luxuriance of the plants, and a light dressing of lime and salt annually will prove a great advantage to most soils. The plants may be put six or four feet apart, ac- cording to their habit of growth ; and the shoots either tied together and allowed to hang over to shelter the fruit, and thus be self-supporting, or trained to rails. They should never be tied up to stakes, as that crushes the foliage, and prevents its full exposure to the sun and air. In tying the branches to the rails great care should be taken not to injure the leaves, and that the foliage be secured in such a position as to shelter the fruit from the direct rays of the sun. Many superfluous shoots and suckers will have to be removed in the spring ; for instructions in doing which, and other minute particulars of management, the reader is referred to `QHoare on the Grape Vine," The Prize Essays," published in Melbourne, and "Kelly on the Vine in Australia." There are about thirty varieties in cultivation in the vicinity of Brisbane, but many of them appear subject to blight. The sorts which most generally thrive are the Isabella or American, the Black Hambro, White Muscadine, and Parsley leaved Muscadine. Many other sorts are being tried, but their adaptability to the climate is not proved; and the old favourites, PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL. 107 such as the Sweet Water, Frontignans , White and Black Muscatel, &c., are so liable to blight that they are not worth cultivation ; and the care and expense necessarily bestowed upon them to procure only a doubtful return, would be much, better employed in introducing from the South of Italy or the Ionian Islands some new sorts better adapted to the climate. If this be done the disappointments will be less frequent. Vine planting may extend beyond any present antici- pations; our beautiful hill sides and fertile valleys may be clothed with verdure and made to yield bounteously this luscious fruit; and the people enabled to supply themselves with pure unadulterated wine of their own making. The process of wine making, although simple, would occupy more space in describing than the limits of this paper will permit ; and, as each country and district has some peculiarity in its management, the reader requiring a detailed account is referred to [( The Prize Essays " and (/ Kelly on the Vine " in the library of the South Brisbane Mechanics' Institute. The grapes should be quite ripe; all immature or damaged fruit cut out. When sufficient are gathered they should be crushed ;for a fine wine very slightly, but for a strong rough wine the bruising of the skins and stones is thought by some to add to its strength and keeping qualities. A board should be fixed in the vat to keep the skins, &c., under the juice, and the whole is left 18 to 24 hours (probably less would suffice in this climate). Draw off with syphon into a cask, which fill about two-thirds, pressing a bung covered with canvas tightly into the hole, but so as to allow the escape of the carbonic acid gas while excluding the atmospheric air. When the pungent smell of the gas is scarcely perceptible, and the hissing has ceased, draw off the wine into a cask which has been previously sulphured, and place it in a cool cellar. 108 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL.

Wine can be made from the green shoots and ten- drils of the vine with the addition of sugar. Take a certain quantity of the " must " of the ripe fruit, and the shoots, and weigh them; the difference in weight indicates the quantity of sugar required. A. J. HOCKINGS.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PACKING LIVING PLANTS IN QUEENSLAND, AND DIREC- TIONS FOR THEIR TREATMENT DURING THE VOYAGE TO DISTANT COUNTRIES.

THE exportation of Plants from Queensland has now become an object of such great importance that direc- tions for preparing collections for their voyage hence have now become absolutely indispensable; for it is an undoubted fact that a very considerable part of the lossescontinually sustained by collectorsare in a great measure to be attributed to the inefficient manner in which the packages were originally made up. During the last four years the Plants contained in cases trans- mitted from our Establishment to Europe, and other distant countries, arrived in excellent condition, and it is probable that instructions how they were packed, with a description of the cases, published through the medium of the " Queensland Almanac," will not be otherwisethan acceptable. The insecure modes of packing Plants do not, of course, arise from any indisposition on the part of those who prepare them to give them all necessary care, nor from any indifference as to their fate, but entirely from -a want of considering sufficiently the various accidents to which Plants on shipboard are exposed, and the im- probability that they will experience, even under the most favourable circumstances , that care and attention which they require. In vain are lives and property risked in attempting to transfer the vegetable beauties PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL. 109 of Queensland to Europe, or other countries, if the same pains which were devoted to procuring them be not continued in their subsequent management. The idea which seems to exist-that to tear a Plant from its native soil, to plant it in fresh earth , to fasten it in a wooden case , and to put it on board a vessel under the care of some officer, are sufficient ; is, of all others , the most erroneous , and has led to the most ruinous consequences Perhaps , beyond anything else, it is necessary to take care that before Plants are finally prepared for the voyage , their roots be well estab li shed in the pots in which it is intended they should be transported . With many herbaceous plants this requires only a short space of time ; but for such as are shrubby, or of a hard woody texture , a period in many instances of not less than four or six months is absolutely neces- sary . The attention of collectors cannot be directed too strongly to this fact , which, if alone neglected, must either destroy entirely , or very materially weaken, the effect of any attention which may be otherwise bestowed . When the period for embarking them arrives , they should be placed in wooden cases, the tops of which must be capable of being opened , and should slope both ways , like the roof of a double green -house. These cases must be furnished with a tarpaulin fixed along their tops, and sufficiently large , when unrolled, to cover them completely , so as to protect the Plants from being damaged by the salt water dashing over them in rough weather. It cannot be expected that heavy casesshould meet with very gentle treatment on shipboard , and it is cer- tain they will be handled in the roughest manner by watermen , carters , and custom -house officers after they have arrived in port . The materials , therefore, of which they are made ought to be of a very strong de- scription , and the joints of the lower part either secured by iron bands , or well dove-tailed together; but .110 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL.

as the former method is attended with less trouble, and is equally secure, it is often more generally adopted. The person in charge of the cases on board should have directions never to open the lids of the cases , or to ex- clude them from light in fine weather , unless to protect them from the cold as the vessel makes the land, or during high winds, or especially when the seamen are washing the decks; but in foul weather to enrol the tarpaulin over the lids, so as to exclude the sea spray effectually. It is highly necessary that means should be taken to guard against any of the glass being broken. Collections are not unfrequently injured by the pots being shaken so violently as to be deprived of a large portion of their mould. Nothing can or will be more destructive of segetable life than this, which should be prevented by the pots being made square, so as to fit accurately into the bottom of the outer case. There then could be no difficulty in ' keeping them steady by fastening them down by cross pieces of wood. When it happens that pots are not to be procured, the want of them must be supplied by the collection being planted in earth in the cases themselves, their bottoms being previously strewed to the depth of one inch with bits of wood. In such casesit is particularlynecessary to cover the surface of the mould with coarse moss or similar substances (not grass ), and should be securely fastened down Parasitical Orchidea, or, as they are commonly called, Air Plants, may be transported safely to any distance by packing them in boxes made of trellis work, and providedwith crosspieces of wood in theirinside, to which the plants, with the bark on which they grew, might be securely tied. Bulbs travel most securely if they are packed in paper or canvas bans, they having been previously dried till all the moisture in their outer coats is evaporated. Dry sand is a good medium for placing them in, if PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL. 11I opportunities should not have occurred of giving them the necessary exposure to the sun. The Plants in all cases , if possible , should have numbers punched upon small pieces of thin sheet lead, and fastened round the subject to which they belong with fine iron or copper wire. When such lead is not to be procured , little wooden tallies should be used in- stead ; always, however, tied round the stem or a branch of the plant , and never stuck into the mould in which it is planted . Paper or parchment tickets ought on no account to be used. Corresponding with these numbers, lists should be prepared in which the names, localities , principal features of the Plants , and particularly the elevation above the sea at which they were collected , should be fully stated. Their vernacular names ought, moreover, to be ascertained , when they have any. The cases transmitted from the Botanical Gardens to distant countries formed a kind of portable green- house. They were made of stout inch cedar boards, well fastened together . Their height was two feet six inches, length three feet, breadth one foot six inches. Ten inches from the bottom they sloped off like apent- house , till the top was not more than three inches wide. The sloping part on each side was closed by a shutter, formed of wooden bars half an inch wide , and three inches asunder , connected by a cross -rail at their ends To the inside of these, panes of stout coarse glass were well puttied in. A piece of tarpaulin was nailed to the top of the boxes, and in rough weather was un- rolled over the sides , so as to protect them from the sea spray . In fine weather it was rolled up again, and tied togetherwith two pieces of cord. The treeswere planted from one to six in a pot , and plunged in about five inches deep of light vegetable mould in the cases, and fastened down by cross pieces of wood. W. HILL. 112 MEASUREMENT OF LOG TIMBER.

TABLE FOR MEASURING LOG TIMBER. RULE.-Find the number under the Girth of the Log, and multiply it by the Length.

Ft. In. Ft. In Ft. In. Ft. In. Ft. In. Ft. In. Girth ,,.. 4 0 42 4 4 4 6 4 8 4 10

Length 12 0 13 0 14 1 15 2 16 4 17 6

Girth .. 5 0 5 2 5 4 5 6 5 8 I 5 10

Length .. 18 9 20 0 21 4 22 8 24 1 25 6

Girth.... 6 0 6 2 6 4 6 6 6 8 6 10

Length 27 0 28 6 30 1 31 8 33 4 35 0

Girth.. 7 0 7 2 7 4 7 6 7 8 7 10

Length 36 9 38 6 40 4 42 2 44 1 46 0

Girth .. .. 8 0 8 2 8 4 8 6 8 8 8 10 Length 48 0 50 0 52 1 54 2 56 4 58 6

Girth , .. 9 0 9 2 9 4 9 6 9 8 9 10

Length .. 60 9 63 0 65 4 67 8 70 1 72 6

1 Girth .... 10 0 10 2 10 4 10 6 10 8 10 10 Length 75 0 77 6 80 1 82 8 85 4 88 0

1 Girth , . . 11 0 11 2 11 4 11 6 1 11 8 ( 12 0

Length 90 9 93 6 96 4 99 2 ,102 1 108 0 COUNTRYDIRECTORY. This is a blank page

COUNTRY POSTAL DIRECTORY FOR QUEENSLAND.

T

[Tiv issuing this Directory in its present form, the Publisher feels bound to state that his original purpose has not been fully atta in ed, owing to the fact that the necessary returns were not re ce ived from the Post Offices at Surat, Port Denison , Westwood, Banana , and Bungewargorai (Mount Abundan ce ). The two latter office s have only been established very recently , and application was not made to the Postmasters ; at Po rt Denison stations are only in course of formation ; and Surat and Westwood are therefore the only omissions of importan ce ,- but much information relative to stations in the vicinity of these localities will be gathered from the lists forwarded fr om the neighboring Post Offices . Even in its present form , however, the Directory will be found useful as affording information not previously obtainable by the public , relative to the whereabouts of the various squatting stations in the different districts. Under the' names of some of the post towns the lists are much more complete than in other cases , and a variety of deficiencies will be discovered, which it was impossible to avoid , owing to the difficulty of communicating with the more distant pla ce s in anything like reasonable time, and misapprehension on the part of some of the Postmasters as to the character of the information sought for. The Publisher ventures to promise , however, that the next edition, which will appear in the Almanac for 1863, shall be as complete as it is possible to render such a publication ; and it is also contemplated to add a Town Directory as well.]

BANANA. POSTMASTER-R. Fitzgerald. This Post Office occupies a central position in the Leich•• bardt district , and is distant 95 miles from Rockhampton. Mails are made up for this office immediately on the arrival of the Brisbane steamer at Rockhampton . [No particulars received.] 116 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

BRISBANE.

GENERAL POST OFFICE, QUEEN STREET. For local postal regulations , and intelligence as to the arrival and departure of mails, see Chapter headed "Postal Information." The stations for which letters are forwarded direct from this office are as follow :-

DIST. FROM STATION. OWNER. BRISBANE.

Jimboomba, Logan R. R. Collins .. ... 33 miles. Tabragalba, James Henderson... 48 Mundoolan, John Collins ...... 40 Tambourine, „ Charles Graham ... 41 Beau Desert, „ W. D. White .. 48 Bromelton ...... C. L. Macdonald ... 52 Tamrookam .. W. Barker ...... 65 Telemon , Albert River A. Collins .. 70 Nindooinbah „ A. W. Compign4 ... 50 Maroon ...... J. C. Collins ...... 90 Samford , Pine River... C. H. Ball .. ... 18 Samson Vale, „ John B. S. Griffin... 27 Whiteside, Mrs. Griffin ... 26 Sandgate (village) ... Nat. Police Barracks 14

In addition to the above, there are several minor squat- tage and cattle stations both on the Logan and Pine Rivers, and on the Cabulture Creek, which is north of the Pine, and on which is situated the plantation of the Cabulture Cotton Company. There are also, in the neighborhood of Brisbane, the following villages and centres of agricultural population :-Sandgate, on the shores of the bay, north of the mouth of the river Brisbane, and fourteen miles distant by land from the city ; Lytton, a custom-house station and embryo village, near the mouth of the river ; the German Station, a settlement on Kedron Brook, seven miles distant; Eagle Farm, on the north bank of the Brisbane, seven miles distant by land ; Bulimba, on the south bank of the Bris- bane, half-way between its month and the city ; Cooper's COUNTRY DIRECTORY. 117

Plains, on the Ipswich road, about eight miles distant ; and the Bald Hills, near San gate. The five last-mentioned localities are fast becoming the centres of an agricultural population.

BUNGEWARGORAI (Mount Abundance). POSTMASTER-S. Spencer. This office has been but recently established. Mount Abundance (which is now the site of a squattage) was, not long since, far outside the limits of the settled districts, whereas the country all round it is now being rapidly occupied. The place is 110 miles distant from the Con- damine Post Office. [No particulars received.]

CLEVELAND (Moreton Bay). POSTMASTER-T. Winship.

Cleveland is situated on the southern waters of the bay, and is much resorted to by invalids for the salubrity of its atmosphere. A large town has been marked out there, but as yet the population is very small. It is distant from Brisbane about twenty miles by land, and sixty by water. There are no squatting stations in its vicinity, but there are- a salt manufactory, the property of the Hon. Louis Hope; a fellmongering establishment, the property of Mr. T. B. Stephens ; a steam saw mill, owned by Mr. T. Winship ; and several private residences.

CONDAMINE. POSTMASTER-H. Foster. This Post Office is situated in the centre of a large squatting district on the river Condamine, and is about 230 miles distant from Brisbane. Mails are made up here for 118 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

Surat, Bungewargorai, and Taroom, and the stations on the different routes are as follow :-

STATIONS. OWNERS. MANAGBILS. WO

Q c°J n°.

Route to Surat. Miles. Bin Bin ...... F. A. Forbes ... D. Campbell. 8 Alderton...... H. Coxen and Co. .. 22 Warkon ...... Barlow and Darby ...... 50 Combarngo J. Evans Brown .... Richd. Cooke 66 Nooroondoo Thomas Ha ll ...... F . G. Mackay 65 Yuelba ... H. and C. Tom ...... 60 Moongool , , . Elizabeth Page J. Tatton 65 Undulah .... Blyth and Scholfeld 30 Murilla ...... J. and A. Bell...... R. Freudenthal 55 Dinabaraba H. Coxen and Co. .. J. Nason .... 65 Canmaroo Beck and Brown.... 70 Cooroora .... Beadmore and Co... 90

Route to Rungewargorai.

Dulacca ...... William Miles ...... 40 Bendemere... . H. Coxen and Co... William Sim. 60 Euleutha . N. P. Barracks .... Lieut. Carr.. 72 Wallumbillah W. P. Gordon...... 80 Blythedale.... Christian and Cardell ...... Euthulla William Bassett ...... Mt. Abundance S. Spencer ...... 110 Bendango .... W. F. Kennedy .... A. Jas. Rae.. Cashmere .... Peel River Co...... A. Ross ....

Route to Taroom.

Tieryboo .... W. F. Kennedy .... R. Macarthur 4 Wallan ...... J. Ferret, t...... C Lethbridge 30 Juandah...... C. J. & E. M. Royds G. S. Golden 70 Clifford ...... T. K. Boulton...... Bundi ...... J. Turnbull ...... Rochdale , .. . J. Hooke ...... 90 Tarootn ...... W. H. Yaldwyn ... 110 COUNTRY DIRECTORY. 119

DALEY. POSTMASTER-F. W. Roche. This township is referred to in the Sketch of the Colony included in this Almanac. The distances of the stations from the post town were not forwarded.

STATIONS. OWNERS.

Dalby and Auburn Line. Jimbour T. Bell and Sons JingiJingi ... Edwin A. Hickey Burrandowan G. Sandeman Durah ... David Ord Boondooma ... A. and R. Lawson Mandingo ... Hugh Nelson Catharga ... Chessborough C. Macdonald Auburn ... P. J. Pigott

Dalby and Condamine Line. Daandine ... J. P. Wilkie Weranga ... Mort, Laidley, and Co. Warra Warra ... George Thorn Chinchilla ... J. Gibson Burncluith ... R. Brownlie Wambo ... Rev. D. M. Sinclair

Dalby and Callandoon Line. St. Ruth's ... Aberdeen Company Cecil Plains ... Russell and Taylor Dunmore ... Ditto War War ... H. B. Watson Halliford ... Watson andRoebuck Tartha ... Rev. Dr. Nelson Junction ... T. B. Stephens Cooroora ... G. O. Beadmore Retreat ... Prestonand French Western Creek ... Captain Vignoles 120 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

DRAYTON AND TOOWOOMBA. POSTMASTER AT DNAYTON-G. H Loveday. „ ToowooMBA -J. W. Bennett. These Post Offices are conjointly mentioned, because of their close proximity, and because letters are sent from each to the undermentioned stations . [Distances not for- warded.-See Sketch for information as to these towns ]

STATIONS. OWNERS. MANAGERS.

Clifton ...... W. Butler Tooth Cooyar ...... Kent and Wienholt Ellangowan ... Peel River Company Emu Creek D. Cameron Eton Vale Hodgson and Watts Felton ... A. Sandeman J. S. Whitchurch Goomburra ... Robert Tooth W. Cowper Gowrie ... H. and F. Isaac E. de St. Jean Jondaryan ... Robert Tooth J. C. White Pilton ... Henry Bates Fitz Rosalie Plains... Kent and Wienholt Talgai ... Hood and Douglas Termmeville ... Gore Brothers Westbrook . M'Lean and Beit Western Creek Captain Vignoles Yandilla ...... Gore Brothers A. S. Owen

GAYNDAH. Po8TMAsTER--J. Connolly. For information about this township see Sketch. [Dis- tances not forwarded.]

STATION. OWNERS OR OCCUPIERS.

Maayborougb Line. Wetberon ...... ! Moreton and Brock Oakey Creek ... Degilbo ... W. H. Walsh Musket Flat ... R. and B. Binney Robinson's ... COUNTRY DIRECTORY, 121

GAYMDAH-Continued.

STATIONS. I OWNERSOR OCCUPIERS.

Brisbane Line ( to Nanango). Ban Ban ...... Messrs. Edwards Buonera ...... M. and D. Jones Boombigan ...... C. and W. Lawless Baramba ...... Ferriter and Jones Taroom Line. Mount Debateable .. - Green Boomerang ...... Cameron and Macarthur Mundubbera ...... W. Peyton Coonambula ...... A. Cameron Eidsvold ...... J. Ivory Hawkwood ...... Ramsay and Jopp Dykehead ...... - Croker Yerilla ... Wood and Carruthers Dyngo and Redbank ... Ross and Keble Auburn ...... P. J. Pigott Bungaban .. ... - Long CockatooCreek ...... Serocoldand Mackenzie Banana and R ockhampton Line. Kangaroo Camp ... John Bright Eastern Creek ...... Dwight and Macdonald Dangangal ...... Grant and Co. Yarroll ...... Messrs. Ridler Canindah ...... Mackay and Caswell Rawbelle ...... M'Lean and Co. Gladstone Line. Ideraway ...... Reid and Smith Yenda ...... Gilbert Elliott Tanningering .,. .. Livingstone and Lamott Wa lls ...... Messrs. Barker Kolonga ...... Wilkin and Bolt Gin Gin ...... A. and H. Brown Wombah ...... Sale and Co. Warra ...... Messrs. Blackman Melangool ...... D. Bergan Colan ...... C. Tooth 122 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

GLADSTONE.

POSTMASTER-R.Hetherington.

For information relative to this township see Sketch. [Distances not forwarded.]

STATIONS. OWNERS.

Riverstone ... M. C. O'Connell Iveragh ... Ditto Gin Gin ... A. H. Brown Milton ... W. H. Walsh Stowe ... R. Bell Warro ... F. Blackman Mandilia W. S. Tolson Mount Larcomb W. Young Langmorn ... J. Forsyth Yargianie ... R. E. Palmer Wunbah ... J. A. Sale Westholme ... J. Huxham Krnmbit ... J. Landsborough The Prairie ... F. Morton Rodd's Bay ... A. Norton Denbie ... R. Hetherington Diamantina ... D. M'Millan Miriam Vale ... Cox and Bloomfield Tirome RobertsonBrothers Mundoom ... Griffith, Fanning, and Co. Melangool ... Robey and Co. Barmandoo ... J. Peters and Co. Calliope Clarke and Graham Raglan Landsboroughand Patterson Monte Christo ... Barker and Ramsay Kolonga .. Wilkin and Holt Rosedale ... John Little Thornhill ... J. C. Buchanan COUNTRY DIRECTORY. 123

GOONDIWINDI.

POSTMASTER-W. Elliott.

This is a small township situated near the southern frontier of the Colony, and in the M'Intyre River district. It is the centre of a wealthy squatting community, is about 300 miles from Brisbane. and the Post Office was formerly known by the name of "Callandoon." [No distances were for- warded.]

STATIONS. WHERE SITUATED. OWNERS.

On the Leybwrn Lin e.

Goondiwindi M'Intyre River... R. and S. Marshall

Bengalla ... 77 W. Lawler Beebo... (Late) R. Young

Tucka Tucks 77 J. M'Dougall Moogoona ... M. Daisey Whetstone... M'Intyre Brook P. Devine Buddicarrabi Head of Wyaga Creek ...... - Schofield

On the Line to Dalby. Umbercolly.. Umbercolly Creek R. & S. Marshall Goode...... Weir River ... Easton & Robertson Billa Billa ...... Ditto Wyaga ...... Wyaga Creek ... D. Gunn Tarawinaba ... Weir River .. F. C. Easton Western Creek ... WesternCreek... Capt.Vignoles Murroona (late Retreat) ...... Jones' River ... Preston & French Merinda ...... J. Hall Scott Cecil Plains ... Russell & Taylor Dunmore ...... Jones' River ... Ditto Junction ...... Weir River T. B. Stephens (late H. B. Hayes) Tartha ...... Mooni River Jermott & Brown 124 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

GOONDIWINDI-Continued.

STATIONS . WHERE SITUATED . OWNERS.

On t1 a Line to Warialda.* Merrawah ... M'Intyre River... J. and T. Howe B )gabilla ... „ J. Browne Talloona ... .. R. Driver Yetman ... M'Intyre River... S. and G. Dight Texas ...... Sovereign River W. M'Dougall Bukhulla ... .. F. Wyndham Tregamon ... M'Intyre River... J. Simpson Bovell ...... S. and G. Dight Wallangra ... Capt. Russell

On the Line to Cairdmawrra. Corcoran Stores... M'Intyre River... Marshall & Hay Callandoon...... „ R. & F. Tooth & Co., Boobera ...... Ditto Winton .. ... T.DeL.Moffatt & Co. Welltown ...... Weir River ... J. & W. uow Boronga ...... M'Intyre River... T.DeL.Moffatt& Co. Banaroa ...... Gill Gill Creek... - Cribb Whalan ...... Whalan Creek... A. Doyle Kenopia ...... Booni Creek ... A. Wightman Baloranga ...... - Bartlett Boomanger ... Barwan River ... J. Teys Mogan ...... - Picton Wallinehie...... M. Murphy Woollerveray ... Mrs. Burdekin Warrina ...... 17 J . F . Doyle Geradna ...... Weir River ... - Bartlett Fullwood ... .. Weir Creek ... P. Clynes Ballagna Mooni Creek ... R. & G. Hazard (Name unknown) Balonne River ... - Baldwin (Name unknown) Barwan River ... J. Arnold

* A great many Letters pass along this line. COUNTRY DIRECTORY. 125

IPSWXOH. POSTMASTER-R. Gill. Every information with regard to this town will be found in the Sketch, and all that is necessary to be known in reference to the mails will be found under the head of " Postal."

DIET. FROM STATIONS, &C. OWNERS. Irswicn.

On or near the Line to Warwick. Mount Flinders... W. Wilson 15 miles. Fassifern ...... Hardie & Wienholt 31 Balbi's Inn . A. Balbi ... .. 32 Maryvale Hotel... - Chri chton... .. 50 Maryvale .. ... A. Wienholt... 57 Glengallan ...... Marshall & Deuchar 69 On or near the Line to Drayton. Red Lion Inn .. ... - Moore ...... 7 miles. Rising Sun Inn (Rose- wood) ...... - Cook ...... 14 Village of Alfred ...... 18 Bigge's Camp ...... 22 Laidley ...... Mort & Laidley ... 28 „ Village of Gatton ... .. 40 Grantham ...... W. M. Dorsey ... 44 Helidon ...... W. Turner ...... 50 Rosewood ...... Buaraba ...... J. Lublin ...... On or near the Line to Nanango. Fernie Lawn ...... J. North .. ... 12 miles. Wivenhoe Inn ...... J. Smith ...... 22 Wivenhoe (Station) ... ; Major North...... 30 Mount Brisbane ... I F. & F. Bigge 45 Cressbrook...... i D. & J. M'Connell 60 Collnton ...... Balfour & Forbes... 72 Toromeo ...... J. Scott...... 88 Nanango (Burnett Inn) . 104 Kilcoy ...... I Hope & Ramsay ... Durundtir ...... I ..... Traverstone ... .. I 126 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

MARLBOROUGH. POSTMASTER-E. H. Pinchard. A Po&t Office was created upon this station in 1861 on account of the rapid increase of the squatting population in the surrounding district, and other offices have since been created for similar reasons . Marlborough is 75 miles from Rockhampton, and is 270 from Port Denison. Wherever an asterisk appears , the name of the station was unknown to our informant.

STATIONS Distant AND OWNERS OR OCCUPIERS. from DESCRIPTION. Marlboro'.

Marlborough-sheep... Henning & Tucker ...... Clifton-do...... H. & R. Brooks ... 20 miles

Claverden-do...... Sheridan&Fitzsimmons 30 „

Colombria- cattle P. F. Macdonald ... 50 „ Peak Downs-sheep & cattle ... Stewart & Rutherford 140 Theresa Creek-oheep Hood & Manning ... 155 Peak Vale-do.... Davis & Sandeman ... 170 Logan Plains-sheep & cattle . ... Ker & McDonald ... 170 „ Lotus Creek-do. Sheridan&Fitzsimmons 100 Yatton-- sheep . Aust. Pastoral Co.... 80 „ Stoodleigh--cattle V. Carpendale ...... 25 „ Tooloombah-do. J. Douglas ...... 30 Wilangi-do. ... W. W. Anslow ... 45 „ Waverly-do...... Macartney & Mayne 55 „ Collaroy-sheep & cat. Fitz & Connor...... 100 Newstead-sheep ... Wilmott & Woolley . 120 * do. Moss & Monroe ... 150 Oxford Downs-do.... Lawson & Stewart ... 160 Fort Cooper-cattle ... Wemyss & Cornish ... 165 Exmoor-do. ... Henning & Tucker ... 195 * ...... cattle & sheep Hylfiing & Peterson 240 * cattle Sellheim & Robinson 190 Glen Prairie- cattle & sheep ...... W. Landsborough ... 22 „ Tilpal-cattle ...... Moore & Elliott .. 25 „ Tarilla-do...... Campbell & Newbold 50 COUNTRY DIRECTORY. 127

M9RYBOROUGH. POSTMASTER - James Halcro ' Robertson. For a descriptionof thistownship the readeris referred to the Sketch. The distances were not forwarded]

STATIONS. OwNEES OR OCCUPIERS.

Gigoomgan ...... Anderson, Leslie, and Mant Walla ...... John Barker Boombigan ...... C. and P. Lawless Stanton Harcourt...... Henry C. Corfield Bundara ...... George Edward Clark Glenbar ...... David Kelly Monduran ...... William Henry Walsh South Doongal ...... R. S. B. Forbes Kenilworth ...... Colin Mackenzie Frazer Kilkivan ...... John D. M'Taggart Canondale ...... Donald Tuach Mackenzie Teebar ...... John Eaton Wambah ...... GeorgeRanken Colan River ...... CharlesF. L. Tooth Amarmoor, or Running Crk. James Sheridan Bungowan ...... Michael Shean Malowe ...... ArchibaldStrathdee Eureka ...... Henry Palmer Widgee Widgee ...... R. and F. Tooth Degilbo ...... Griffiths, Fanning, & Co. Congallan, or Prawl ...... William White Yabber ...... James & Alex. Swanson Jimbil ...... C. and P. Lawless Warrah ...... Alex. Gibson Hamilton Kolonga ...... William Henry Holt Tahiti ...... Walter Hay Marianna ...... Hugh Graham Musket Flat ...... R. and B. Binney Westhoim ...... George Edward Clark Gin Gin ...... Alfred and Arthur Brown Lower Doongal ...... William Powell Moolboolaman ...... A. P. Barton Agnes Vale ...... Mrs. Thomas Broom 128 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

MARYBOROUGH-Continued.

STATIONS. OWNERS OR OCCUPIERS.

Tenningering ...... Livingstone and Lamott Wacoga ...... b1elangool ...... Dr. Bingmann Malanga ...... Warro ...... F. Blackman Rosedale ...... John Little Miriam Vale ...... Cox and Bloomfield Baffle Creek, or Tyrone ... L. W. Tolson L'bobo ...... MOGGILL. POSTMASTER-James Shield. Moggill is a farming and coal mining district on the north bank of the Brisbane River, and about 16 miles from the city by the road. The only station in its vicinity is that of John M'Grath [a cattle station]. NANANGIO. POSTMASTER-William Smith. Nanango is a centrally situated locality in the Burnett District, where a Court of Petty Sessions is held, and where a village is gradually being formed. It is about 125 miles from Brisbane, and 105 from Gayndah. [The distances were not forwarded.]

STATIONS. OWNERS OR O CCUPIERS.

Proston ...... Robert Alexander Mondure ...... M'Ewen and Green Raramba ...... Ferriter and Jones Boonara ...... D. and G. H. Jones Boombigan ...... C. and P. Lawless Ban Ban ...... H. Edwards Yabber ...... A. and T. Swanson Manumbar ...... J. and A. Mortimer Taabinga ...... C. R. Haly Tarong ...... George Clapperton Nanango ...... Bryce T. Barker COUNTRY DIRECTORY. 129

NUL A LBIIf.

POSTMASTER - G. N. Living. This office, like those of Westwood and Marlborough, has been created at a centrally situated squatting station in the Leichhardt District , having been rendered necessary by the rapidtaking up of the countryfor pastoral purposes. Nulalbin is about 120 miles from Rockhampton. At the time the information herein contained was forwarded to us, Mr. Perkins , of Repulse Creek , and Mr. Hobbler , of Spot- tiswoode , had not quite formed their stations , but would soon have completed their arrangements . Other squatters were pushing out with stock , and new stations are constantly being occupied in the district.

G OWNERS OR STATIONS. WHERE SITUATED. mea OCCUPIERS. z

Miles. Nulalbin .. .. Perch Creek Glen & M ' Master.. 4 Cogoolbinda .. Ditto Living & Khull BanbiniaDowns Prospect Creek.. Messrs . Dutton 32 Fairfield .. .. Expedition Creek James Steele.. 41 Zamia . Zamia Creek Robert M'Master .. 55 Repulse Creek Repulse Creek - Pergins 20 Spottiswoode - Hobbler Planet Downs .. Planet Creek Daniel Cameron 60 PnrbrookDowns Comet Ranges Miller & Hutton 85 W ealwandangie Cona Crk.,.Nogoa Peter M 'Intosh 120 Rainsworth .. Ditto Jesse Gregson 120 Culnaringall .. Separation Creek, Nogoa T. S. Wills .. .. 145 Springsure .. Spring Creek, Comet W. H. Richards . 130 Orion Downs .. Orion Crk.,Comet R. Thomson & Co. 100 Aldeboran .. AldeboranCreek Messrs . Kellman 100 Consuelo .. .. Comet Peters & Co... 100 Albinia Downs Ditto Rolleston , Hope, & Denison .. .. 80 Dunrobin .. .. Ditto . - Collins .. .. 70 Raby . Mimosa Creek .. Gibson & Golan .. 25 Mimosa Creek Ditto .. John Little .. .. 8 Police Barracks Albinia Downs , . I Lieutenant Cave.. 85 *I 130 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

PORT DENISON. POSTMASTER- James Gordon. This is the new settlement recently established by the Queensland Government as the shipping port of the Ken- nedy District . A township has been formed at the port, and named Bowen, after His Excellency the Governor, and severalsettlers have alreadytaken up theirabode there. There are, we believe , several stations already formed, and many more in course of formation, but we have not been able to obtain reliable particulars respecting them. Port Denison is about 620 miles distant from Brisbane by sea, and is the nort hernmost settlement on the east coast of Australia . The proclaimed boundaries of the Kennedy Dist rict bring its extreme north-western limit within about 300 miles of the Gulf of Carpentaria. ROCKRAMPTON. POSTMASTER - John E . Rutherford. For a description of this thriving and important town, the reader is referred to the Sketch. Mails are made up, on the arrival of each Brisbane steamer at Rockhampton, for the post offices at Marlborough , Westwood, Nulalbin, Banana , and Taroom . [The distances were not forwarded.]

STATIONS . OWNRRS OR OCCUPIRRS.

Gracemere ...... Archer and Co. Rosewood ...... James Atherton Calliungal ...... Hugh Robison Rannes ...... Howard St. George Banana ...... H. Borton Kianga ...... Mrs. M'Nab Walloon ...... A. Ferguson Camboon ...... James Reid Koomgal ...... John Frazer Mount Hedlo ...... R. Atherton Glenmore ...... Ker and Clarke Canoona ...... T. Vicary Princhester ...... H. Van Wessen Moornish ...... M'Coy and M'Kenzie Tilpal ...... Elliott and Moore Taril la' ...... Campbell and Newbold COUNTRY DIRECTORY. 131

SORAT. POSTMASTER- Louis Smith. Surat is the head quarters of the Commissioner of Crown Lands for the West Maranoa District , and is about 290 miles distant from Brisbane. A Post Office has been for some time establighed here, and there are many squatting stations in its neighbourhood , but no information respecting them has reached us. Under the head of Condamine, however, there will be found the names of the stations on the line of road between that place and Surat.

TAROOM. POSTMASTER - Martin Zerbe. Taroom is a township centrally placed in the Leichhardt district, and is 250 miles distant from Brisbane. [The dis- tances were not specified in our informant 's letter.]

STATIONS. OWNERS OR OCCUPIERS.

Kinnoull ...... Robert Miller Euroombah ...... Pollet Cardew Goongurry (late Hornet Bank) ...... Ross and Gordon Baroondah ...... Henry and Perry Mount Hutton ...... J. S. Thelwall Myall Downs ...... John Ranken Waterton ...... John Collins Glenhaughton ...... Thomas Kingsford Robinson's Barracks...... Native Mounted Police Palmtree Creek ...... John Scott Gwambegyne Creek ...... - Adams Ghinghinda ...... William Kelmann Bungaban ...... William Long Cockatoo ...... Serocold & Mackenzie Camboon ...... James Reid Kianga ...... Mrs. M'Nab Walloon ...... W. Ferguson **I 132 COUNTRY DIRECTORY.

WARWICK. POSTMASTER-- Jonathan Harris. This township is noticed in the Sketch , and the reader is referred thereto for information respecting it.

M ilea distant ST.TIONS. OWNERS OR OCCUPIERS. fr om Warwick.

Canning Downs ...... G. & W. Davidson ... 2 miles Rosenthal ...... 1 J. W. Buckland ...... 2 South Toolburra ..... I Same ...... 14 No rt h Toolburra ...... Massie & Walker ...... 7 Glengallan ...... Marshall & Deuchar . 7 Goomburra ...... R. E. & F . Tooth ... 14 Gladfield ...... ; Ditto ...... 12 Maryvale ...... Arnold Weinholt ...... 18 Killarney ...... G. & W. Davidson ... 17 Talgai ...... I Hood & Douglas ..... 27 Badumba ...... St. George R. Gore ... 40 Canal Creek ...... Thomas Gillespie...... 40 „ Ellangowan ...... Peel River Company 38 Glenelg ...... John Macarthur ...... 38 Pikedale ...... R. E. & F. Tooth ... 50 Bloomfield ...... R. H. Bloomfield ...... 57 Ballandean ...... H. H. Nicholl ...... 46 Warroo ...... Fred . Bracker ...... 58 „ Glenlyon ...... Mongols ...... 65 „ Bonshaw ...... undubbermere...... J. M. Thompson ...... 45 „ Undercliff ...... M. Spearing ...... 50 ,, Maidenhead ...... 90 Texas ...... N. M'Douga ll ...... 86 Stations in New South Wales supplied from this Office. Maryland ...... I M. H. Marsh 27 Acacia Creek ...... Reid & Marsh ...... 22 Koreelah .. 30 TABLE OF DISTANCES. 133

WESTWOOD. POSTMASTER-P. Hardy. Westwood is a squatting station 28 miles from Rockhamp- ton, and the office has been established there for the con • venience of neighboring settlers, of whom there are many, [No particulars received .- See Rockhampton , Marlborough. and Nulalbin.]

TABLE OF DISTANCES

BETWEEN THE

PRINCIPAL TOWNS AND SETTLEMENTS OF QUEENSLAND.

BRISBANE TO SURAT. Miles. Brisbane to Ipswich .. 22 Ipswich to Gatton ...... 35 Batton to Drayton .. 25 Drayton to Dalby .. , . . .. , , 50 Dalby to Daandine ...... 17 Daandine to Wombo ...... 40 Wombo to Condamine ...... 25 Condamine to Alderton 20 Alde rt on to Warkon ...... 25 Warkon to Surat ...... 30

Total ...... 289

BRISBANE TO GAYNDAH Via DURUNDUR. Miles. Brisbane to Durundur ...... 60 Durundur to Burnett Inn ...... 65 Burnett Inn to Gayndah ...... 105

Total ...... 230 134 TABLE OF DISTANCES.

IPSWICH TO (IAYNDAH via WIVENHOE. Miles. Ipswich to Wivenhoe ...... 20 Wivenhoe to Cressbrook ...... 32 Cresabrookto BurnettInn ...... 41 Burnett Inn to Baramba ...... 28 Baramba to Ilooubi }an ...... 30 Boombijan to Ban-Ban ...... 35 Ban-Ban to Gayndah ...... 12 Total ...... 198

GAYNDAH TO ROCKHAMPTON. Miles. Gayndah to Bouverie 's Old Station .. 25 Bouverie 's to Eidevold ...... 25 Eidsvold to Rawbe ll e ...... 35 Rawbelle to Castle Creek ...... 30 Castle Creek to Fergusson 's ...... 25 Fergusson 's to Cooranga ...... 20 Coorangato Banana ...... 15 Banana to Rannes .. 27 Rannes to Colliengol ...... 22 Colliengol to Westwood ...... 18 Westwood to Gracemere...... 22 Gracemere to Rockhampton ...... 6 Total ...... 270

GAYNDAH TO GLADSTONE. Miles. Gayndah to Yendah...... 13 Yendah to Tenningering ...... 30 Tenningering to Walla 17 Walla to Gingin 11 Gingin to Munduran ...... 7 Munduran to Wocoga ... . , ... .. 16 Wocoga to Warra ...... 11 Warra to Marian Vale ...... 26 Marian Vale to Gladstone ...... 45

Total 176 TABLE OF DISTANCES. 135

GLADSTONE TO ROCKHAMPTON. Miles Gladstone to the Calliope ...... 13 Calliope to Young 's ...... 12 Young 's to Raglan Creek . 12 Raglan Creek to Archer 's Cattle Station 30 Archer 's to Rockhampton ...... 15 Total ...... 82

MARYBOROUGH TO GAYNDAH. Miles. Maryborough to Robinson 's ...... 25 Robinson 's to Degilbo ...... 35 Degilbo to Wetheron ...... 18 Wetheron to Gayndah ...... 12

Total ...... 90

BRISBANE TO CASINO. Miles. B risbane to Beaudesert ...... 45 Beaudesert to IInumgar ...... 50 Unumgar to Casino ...... 45 Total ...... 140

WARWICK TO TENTERFIELD. Miles. Warwick to Maryland ...... 28 Maryland to Tenterfield ...... 50 Total ...... 78

DALBY TO TAROOM. Miles. Dalby to Chinchilla .. 38 Chinchilla to Juandah ...... 70 Juandah to Taroom .. 15

Total ...... 123 136 TABLE OF DISTANCES.

ROCKHAMPTON TOWARDS BROAD SOUND. Miles. Rockhampton to Yaamba ...... 20 Yaamba to Princhester ...... 29

Total ...... 48

ROCKHAMPTON TO PEAK DOWNS. Miles. Rockhampton to Westwood ...... 32 Westwood to Rio 35 Rio to Junction of Nogoa and M'Kenzie Rivets,about ...... 120 Junction to Peak Downs ...... 75

Total ...... 262

ROCKHAMPTON TO TAROOM. Miles. Rockhampton to Westwood ...... 32 Westwood to Rannes ...... 35 Rannes to Banana .. .. 29 Banana to Plainby and Woolthorpe .. 28 Plainby and Woolthorpe to Taroom .. 80

Total .. .. 204

BANANA TO TAROOM. Miles. Banana to Taroom , by Camboon and Cockatoo .. 125

TO THE BURDEKIN AND KENNEDY , via ROCKHAMPTON FROM DALBY , MYALL CREEK:- Miles . To lingi .. 40 Thence to Dura ...... 24 Cadargkeek ...... 12 Ross ', Rocky Bar ...... 80 Reid 's, C.L...... 30 „ Banana ...... 45 „ Rannes ...... 27

Carried over ...... 258 TABLE OF DISTANCES. 137

Brought forward ...... 258 Thence to Rockhampton ...... 70 Canoona ...... 32 Marlborough ...... 32 Waverley...... 45 Collaroy ...... 42 Funnel] Creek ...... 25 Fort Cooper . . 25 Amaliensee or Head of Isaac.. 25 Total ...... 554

TO THE KENNEDY AND BURDER :IN FROM DALBY, via BONNER'S HOLE AND THE COMET RIVER:- Miles. Dalhy to Woolahed ...... 16 Thence to Warra ...... 12 Chinchilla...... 18 Ivandah ...... 70 Boner's Nob ...... 33 Gingindah ...... 32 ErythrinaCreek ...... 60 Planet, Cameron 's .. . .. 25 Albinia Downs .. . .. 20 Nogoa , at Stoney Creek .. 80 Across the Nogoa, by Emerald Downs, to Sandy Creek ...... 30 Thence to Peak Range ...... 30 „ Hugh's Creek ...... 25 „ Head of Isaac...... 50

501

BETWEEN OTHER POINTS. Miles. F rom Brisbane to Maryborough, via Durundur and the new coast line .. 160 F rom Brisbane to Cleveland ...... 18 F rom Brisbane to Sandgate ...... 14 From Ipswich to Warwick .. . .. 80 From Drayton to Warwick .. . 47 From Tenterfield to the Clarence, by the Old Road .. 136 This is a blank page

REAL PROPERTY

AND LAND ACTS, &c. This is a blank page

LIST

OF THi ACTS AND ORDINANCES

or THB QUEENSLAND PARLIAMENT.

Passed during the Session of 1860. 23° VICTORIA. 1.-An Act to Provide a Suitable Quorum for the Legislative Assembly of Queensland . (Assented to 11th June, 1860.) 24° VICToRIM. 1.-An Act to Indemnify the Collector and Officers of Customs in respect to the omitting to Collect the Duty payable upon Gold in the Colony of Queensland, and to Repeal an Act of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of New South Wales, intituled "An Act for Granting a Duty upon Gold." (Assented to 10th July, 1860.) 2.-An Act to Limit the number of persons holding Office under the Crown, who under the Constitution Act, 17 Vic ., No. 41, may be declared capable of being elected Members of the Legislative Assembly. (As- sented to 17th July, 1860.) 3.-An Act to Discontinue Grants from the Revenue in Aid of Religion . (Assented to 7th August, 1860.) 4.-An Act to Appoint Commissioners for the Ad- justment of Accounts with the Colony of New South Wales . (Assented to 25th August, 1860.) 5.-An Act for taking an Account of the Population in 1861 . (Assented to 25th August, 1860.) 142 LIST OF ACTS, &C.

6.-An Act to Provide for Primary Education in Queensland. (Assented to 7th September, 1860.) 7.-An Act to Provide for the Establishment of Grammar Schools in Queensland. (Assented to 7th September, 1860.) 8.-An Act to Authorize the Appropriation out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of Queensland of Certain Sums to make good the Supplies granted for the Service of the year 1860. (Assented to 11th Sep- tember, 1860.) 9.-An Act to Abolish the Collection of Electoral Lists. (Assented to 11th September, 1860.) 10.-An Act to give a Lien on Wool and to make Mortgages of Sheep, Cattle, and Horses. (Assented to 11th September, 1860.) 11.-An Act for Regulating the Occupation of Un- occupied Crown Lands in the Unsettled Districts. Assented to 17th September, 1860.) 12.-An Act to Regulate the Occupation of Land applied for by Tender. (Assented to 17th September, 1860.) 13.-An Act for the Prevention of Scab and other Diseases in Sheep. (Assented to 17th September, 1860.) 14.-An Act to Regulate the Exportation of Gun- powder and Warlike Stores from the Colony of Queensland. (Assented to 17th September, 1860.) 15.-An Act to Provide for the Alienation of Crown Lands. (Assented to 17th September, 1860.) 16.-An Act to Provide for the Leasing of Crown Lands Previously Occupied. (Assented to 17th Sep- tember , 1860.) 17.-An Act to Authorize the Appropriation out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of Queensland of Certain Sums to make good the Supplies granted for the Service of the year 1860-1. (Assented to 18th September, 1860.) LIST OF ACTS , &c. 143

18.-An Act to Provide for the Augmentation of the Governor' s Salary. (Assented to 24th January, 1861.) - 4 Passed during the Session of 1861. 25° VICTORIA:. 1.-An Act to Amend the Law of False Pretences. (Assented to 10th July, 1861.) 2.-An Act to Enable Coroners in the Colony of Queensland to Admit to Bail Persons Charged with Manslaughter. (Assented to 10th July, 1861.) 3.-An Act to Authorize the Raising of Loans on the Security of the Consolidated Revenues of the Colony for the Execution of Certain Public Works. (Assented to 31st July, 1861.) 4.-An Act to Amend the Law Relating to Cheques or Drafts on Bankers. (Assented to lst August, 1861.) 5.-An Act to Regulate the Qualifications of Prac- titioners in Medicine and Surgery, and of Chemists and Druggists. (Assented to 1st August, 1861.) 6.-An Act for the Management of Benevolent Asylum Wards in Hospitals. (Assented to 1st August, 7.-An Act to Confer Certain Powers and Privileges on the Houses of the Parliament of Queensland. (Assented to 1st August, 1861.) 8.-An Act to Provide for the Establishment of Savings Banks. (Assented to 1st August, 1861.) 2.-An Act to Grant Further Facilities for the Naturalization of Aliens. (Assented to 6th August, 1861.) 10.-An Act to Provide for the Closing of Un- necessary Roads and Streets in Towns. (Assented to 6th August, 1861.) 11.-An Act to Regulate the Law between Masters and Servants. (Assented to 6th August, 1861.) 12 -An Act to Regulate the Fencing of Land in Queensland. (Assented to 6th August, 1861.) 144 LIST OF ACTS, &C.

13.-An Act to Amend the Constitution of the Supreme Court of Queensland , and to Provide for the Better Administration of Justice. (Assented to 7th August, 1861.) 14.-An Act to Simplify the Laws Relating tq the Transfer and Encumbrance of Freehold and other Interests in Land . ( Assented to 7th August, 1861.) 15.-An Act to Provide for the Collection and Payment of the Public Moneys and the Protection and Recovery of the Public Property , for the Audit of the Public Accounts , and the Presentation to Parliament of Annual Statements of the Receipt and Expenditure of the Public Revenues . (Assented to 7th August, 1861.) 16.---An Act to Amend an Act for Establishing Municipal Institutions . (Assented to 8th August , 1861.) 17.-An Act to Enable the Municipal Council of Brisbane to Erect a Bridge across the River Brisbane, and for other purposes therein mentioned. (A ssented to 9th August , 1861.) 18.-.An Act for Amending the Law Relating to Carriers . Assented to 13th August , 1861.) 19.-An Act to Facilitate the Incorporation of -Religious , Educational , and Charitable Institutions. (Assented to 13th August, 1861.) 20.-An Act to Authorize the Appropriation, out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund, of Certain Sums to make good the Supplies granted for the Service of the Years 1862 , 1861 , 1860 , and 1859 . ( Assented to 13th August, 1861.)

An Act to Incorporate the Proprietors of a certain Company, called " The Queensland Steam Navigation Company," and for other purposes therein mentioned. (Assented to 13th August, 1861.) An Act to Authorize the Making of the Moreton Bay Tramway , and to Incorporate the Moreton Bay Tramway Company . (Assented to 13th August , 1861.) REAL PROPERTYACT OF 1862. 25° VicTORrt, No. 14. -0

AN ACT TO SIMPLIFY THE LAWS RELATING TO THE TRANSFER AND ENCUMBRANCES OF FREEHOLD AND OTHER INTERESTS IN LAND. -+- [The subjoined synopsis of this important measure has received the approval of the Honorable the Attorney -General, and also of the Parliamentary Draftsman.] - 4-

IT would be impossible, in a work of the present nature, to attempt more than to present to our readers a concise and general outline of the above Act. It may be as well to observe here that for some years the question of Law Reform, in the Transfer of Landed Estates, has been agitated in the Mother Country, and that a parlia- mentary commission, to investigate and report upon the subject, has been instituted, before which much evidence was taken. The colony of South Australia, however, appears to have been foremost in the van in reforming the law of Real Property, and an Act for this purpose was first introduced in that colony by Mr. Torrens, the present Registrar-General. Mr. Torrens encountered, we believe, great opposition in certain quarters, and in consequence various amendments were required to be made to meet the objections raised against his measure. The result, however, appears to have been, that he at last succeeded in procuring the passing of an Act, which has formed the basis of the law. enacted by the Legisla- *K 146 REAL PROPERTY ACT , tare of Queensland during the session of 1861. Soon after the first meeting of the Queensland Parliament, in its first session, it became evident that this community in general were desirous that some easy and inexpensive mode for the Transfer of Real Property should be adopted. Accordingly the present Act was passed during the session of 1861. This Act is almost a transcript of Mr. Torrens's Act, with, however, various amendments, suggested by practical experience. We will now endeavor to explain the Act itself, as it deals with real property in all its interests. Registration of Title is the basis of the Act, the effect of such Registration being to create indefeasibility of title. Land alienated from the Crown prior to passing of the Act may, at the option of the owner of the freehold, be brought within its provisions ; but land alienated by the Crown after the 1st of this year will, by the terms of the Act, be in all cases subject to its provisions. Any person who wishes to bring his land under this Act must make an application to the Registrar-General, in the form A contained in the Schedule, and must make a declaration of the truth of such statement, and he must, in his application, state the nature of the title, and must deposit the instruments of title, and an abstract, if required. These applications are referred by the Registrar- General to the Master of Titles (an officer appointed by the Act to investigate and deal with such applica- tions in conjunction with the Registrar-General); and if it appears to him that the applicant is the original grantee, and no transaction has taken place, upon his report, a Certificate of Title may be at once issued by the Registrar-General. In cases where it shall appear to the Master of Titles that the Land in respect of which any such application is made is held by the applicant for the REAL PROPERTY ACT. 147 estate or interest described therein, free from mort- gage, encumbrance, or other beneficial interest affect- ing the title thereto, or if any such mortgage, en- cumbrance, or other beneficial interest remains un- satisfied, that the parties interested therein are also parties to such application, the Registrar-General, after notice to be given as provided by section 19, within the time therein provided, shall bring such land within the provisions of the Act unless he receives a caveat forbidding him so to do. In other cases in which the evidence of the title set forth by the applicant is imperfect or incomplete, the Master of Titles may reject the application alto- gether, or he may direct the Registrar-General to cause notice of such application to be published in the Queensland and other Gazettes (as mentioned in section 20), and the Registrar-General shall specify the number of times, and at what intervals, such ad- vertisement shall be published in each or any of such Gazettes, and sha ll also limit and appoint a time, not less than two months nor more than three years from the date of the first of such advertise- ments in the Queensland Gazette , upon or after the expiration of which the Registrar-General may bring the land under the provisions of the Act, unless he shall, in the interval, have received a caveat forbidding him so to do. Due provision is made for the lodging of these caveats, the particulars of which will be found in as. 23, 24, 25, and 26. Any applicant who may be dissatisfied with the decision given upon his application may require the Registrar-General to set forth in writing the grounds upon which such decision was given, and such ap- plicant may, if he thinks fit, at his own cost, sum- mon the Registrar- General to appear before the Supreme Court to substantiate and uphold the grounds of such decision. **x 1 4 8 REAL PROPERTY ACT.

In every case where land is brought within the Act a certificate of Title wi ll be granted by the Registrar - General , and this cer ti ficate executed by the Registrar -General is the instrument evidencing the seizin of the fee simple or other estate of freehold in any land. The Registrar - General must keep a book, to be call ed the Register Book , and must enter therein the particulars of all instruments affecting the land included under any Crown Grant issued after 1st January ; and every grant or certificate wi ll be in dup li cate , and the Registrar - General wi ll note therein certain facts according to the provisions of sec ti on 33-(vide sec ti on ). One of such grants or certificates of title wi ll be bound up in the Register Book, and the other wi ll be de li vered to the person entitled to the land described in it ; and every cer tifi cate of title is unimpeachable when once issued, unless obtained by fraud. The next important matter which it is necessary to no ti ce is the provision which has been made for an assurance fund , to which persons bringing land under the Act are required to contribute in the rate of one halfpenny in the pound upon the value of land - such value to be authenticated by a declaration. This fund is intended to compensate any person who may have been injured by the success of a fr audulent applica ti on , or by a mistake on the part of the Re- gistrar - General ; but will only be resorted to if recovery cannot be had from the person benefitted by the fr aud or mistake . The injury must, in the first place , be substan ti ated before a jury. The mode by which the transfer of land may be effected will be found in ss . 48 to 50. The original certi ficate is cance ll ed , and a fr esh one given to the purchaser , upon production to the Registrar - General of a memorandum of transfer , the form of which wi ll be found in the Schedule, letter D. REAL PROPERTY ACT. 149

The provisions affecting leases, mortgages, and transfers of mortgages are contained in ss. 52 to 68. In reference to mortgages , we would observe that the old mode of conveying the legal estate to the mortgagee , to secure the repayment of the sum ad- vanced , has been abo li shed , and much unnecessary expense has been saved. A simple bill of mortgage, in the form F contained in the Schedule to the Act, setting out the particulars , is registered , and then becomes, according to the priority of registration, a charge on the land . Whenever the mortgage money is paid off, a simple receipt written across the bill of mortgage releases the land. In every bill of mortgage and in every lease cer- tain covenants are implied by virtue of the Act, for the particulars of which see as. 69 , 70, and 71. By s. 73, abbreviated forms of words may also be used for expressing certain covenants , and such abbreviated forms are made as effectual as if such covenants had been set out at full length. Sections 74 to 84, inclusive , relate to the vesting of land in trustees, and to the declarations of trusts which wi ll not appear in the Register Books-the trustees being regarded as if they were the beneficial owners. The Act does not affect the devolution of land on the death of the owner , which descends as at present. Provision is made for the transmission of land upon the marriage or insolvency of the owner ; a declaration chewing the circumstances being required in all cases when land changes hands, except by direct transfer. Proprietors of land are enabled, by means of Registra- tion Abstracts , to deal with their land when resident out of the Colony . A memorandum of the issue of such Registration Abstract entered in the Register Book, and a like memorandum is endorsed on the certificate of title , and no dealing affecting the land in respect of which such registration abstract has been issued can be 1.)0 REAL PROPERTY ACT.

entered in the Register Book until such abstract shall have been surrendered to the Registrar -General to be cancelled , or the loss or destruction of such abstract has been proved to his satisfaction . The mode by which transfers , mortgages , leases , or other dealings in the land are intended to be effected under such Registration Abstract , is fully set forth in section 106. General Rules are also provided by section 107, to be observed as to Powers of Attorney and Registration Abstracts . Care has also been taken to provide for infants , lunatics , or other persons suffering under any disability , who may be interested in any land under the provisions of this Act. The interests of married women are also provided for. [For further information respecting the latter cases see sections 111, 112, 113.] Provisional certificates of title may be granted in case of lostor mislaidgrants or certificatesof title, upon proper proof of such loss being made to the satis- faction of the Registrar -General , as prescribed by section 117 ; and such provisional certi ficates of title are made available for all purposes and uses for which the lost or mislaid grant or certificate of title would have been available , and as valid as such lost grant or certificate. No action of ejectment will lie against a registeredproprietor for the recoveryof land forwhich a certi ficate of title has been issued, except in certain cases, specified in section 123, to which we refer our readers ; but except in those cases , and in the case of fraud , the grant or certificate of title is an absolute bar to any such action. The Act contains many important clauses con- nected with details, to which it is unnecessary for us to refer , as we have only attempted (as we stated in the outset ) to give its general outline, and briefly to explain the system by which dealings in the freehold lands of the Colony will henceforth be regulated. REAL PROPERTY ACT. 151

TABLE showing the Comparative Expense between the working of the Real Property Act in South Australia and Queensland. t

ADELAIDE ESTIMATES FOR CURRENT YEAR OF THE SALA- RIES OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS WHICH IN THIS COLONY ARE PLACED UNDER ONE HEAD. Land Titles Registration Department,i.e., Torrens ' Act:- £ s d. £ a. d. Registrar - General ...... 1000 0 0 Solicitor , £800; ditto, £600...... 1400 0 0 Deputy Registrar-General ...... 400 0 0 Secretary , i.e, Chief Clerk , to be raised to £300 ...... 280 0 0 Senior Draftsman , X280; two Clerks at £240 each ...... 760 0 0 One Draftsman and Clerk , X240; one Clerk, £120 ...... 360 0 0 Messenger , at £2 per week , £104; Draft. ing Certificates of Title, £100 ...... 204 0 0 Total ...... 4404 0 0 Deed Registration Department:- Deputy Registrar General, £400 ; Deputy Registrar , £280 ...... 680 0 0 One Clerk, £200, one ditto X1160 ...... 360 0 0 Total ..... -- 1040 0 0

Registration of Births, Marriages, and Deaths Registrar •General of Births, Marriages, and Deaths ...... 350 0 0 Deputy Registrarand Receiverof Fees.. 200 0 0 Travelling allowances ...... 3500 Total...... -- 585 00

Statistical Dment; Chief Clerk, £280; occasionalassist. ance, £50 ...... 330 0 0 Collectors of Agricultural Statistics .... 1000 0 0 Total ...... -- 1330 0 0 Grand Total..... 7359 0 0 152 REAL PROPERTY ACT.

PROPOSED SALARIES --FOR REGISTRAR -GENERAL 'S DEPART-. XSNT FOR QUEENSLAND. Registrar-General (Torrens' Act) of Deeds, of Births , Marriages , and Deaths , £ s. d. £ s. d . and of Statistics ...... 800 0 0 Deputy Registrar -General of all the above. 400 0 0 Corresponding Clerk (2nd Class ) for all the above ...... 200 0 0 Junior ditto , i.e., a boy at £5 per month, £60; Messenger and Office. keeper , £ 150.. 210 0 0 TORRENS' ACT. Master of Titles, who will also act as Soli- citor (office created by Act of Par- liament ) ...... 300 00 Clerk (1st Class ), to commence at...... 250 0 0 Engrossing Clerk (3rd Class)...... 200 0 0 Clerk and Draftsman (2nd Class ), to com- mence at...... 150 0 0 Registration Act-Clerk (as at present ) ... 250 0 0 Total ...... -- 2760 0 0 [24TH VICT., No. 11.] a Art FOR REGULATING THE OCCUPATION OF UNOCCUPIED CROWN LANDS IN THE UNSETTLED DISTRICTS. [Assented to 17th September, 1860.

Pr eamble HEREAS it is expedient to make better provi- W sion for the occupation of the unoccupied Waste Lands of the Crown in the unsettled Districts Be it therefore enacted by the Queen 's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of Queensland in Parliament assembled and by the authority of the same as follows

Interpretation 1 The following terms within inverted commas shall for the purposes of this Act unless the context other- wise indicatebear the meanings set against them respectively- 154 QUEENSLAND

Terms Meaning "Orders in Council "-The Orders in Council and Regulations or any one or more of them from time to time issued under the Imperial Act 9th and 10th Victoria chapter 104 Unsettled Districts"-The Districts declared to be of the unsettled class under the said Orders in Council on the commencement of this Act and such other Districtsas shall be pro- claimed to be open for License or Lease within the provisions of this Act " Crown Lands"-All Lands vested in Her Majesty which have not been dedicated to any public purpose or which have not been granted or lawfully contracted to be granted to any person in fee simple or for any less estate And all lands which at the time of the passing of this Act shall not be subject to any contract promise or engagement made by or on behalf of Her Majesty " Run"-Any portion of Crown Lands which shall be comprised in any license or lease granted under this Act for Pastoral purposes Gazette "-Queensland Government Gazette Appraisement "-Settlement of Rent by Appraisers to be appointed as specified in section thirteen of this Act

Repeal of 22 Vict. No. 17 and portion of orders in Council

2 On and from the commencement of this Act the Act of Parliament of New South Wales made and passed in the twenty -second year of the Reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty and numbered seventeen LAID ACTS. 155 intituled °` An Act to impose an assessment on Runs in the unsettled and intermediate Districts and to increase the rent of lands for leased Pastoral purposes within the settled districts of New South Wales " so far as the same affects the provisions of this Act and such parts of the Orders in Council and Regulations now in force in Queensland respecting Wastelands of the Crown as are repugnant to any provision of this Act shall be and the same are hereby repealed Pro- vided that nothing herein contained shall prejudice anything already lawfully done under the said Orders and Regulations or commenced or contracted to be done thereunder respectively

Commissioners to be appointed

3 The Governor with the advice of the Executive Council shall from time to time appoint fit and proper persons to be Commissioners of Crown Lands who shall execute the provisions of this Act in such Districts as may be assigned to them respectively Provided that the Governor with the advice aforesaid shall define and declare the duties of such Commissioners in regulations to be made for that purpose pursuant to the provisions of section Thirty-three hereinafter contained

Mode of obtaining a Run

4 If any person shall be desirous of obtaining a Run he shall be at liberty to apply to the Com- missioner of the District in which such Run shall be situated for a license to occupy the same for one year from the granting of such license and every Commis- sioner shall grant a license of such Run to the first applicant for the same which application shall be entered in a book to be kept by the Commissioner of the district for that purpose Such entry shall contain a description of the Run applied for and shall be then 156 QUEENSLAND

signed by the applicant or his authorized agent and such book shall be open for inspection by all parties on demand by payment of a fee of two shillings and six pence Provided that if two or more persons shall apply for any license the claim of that applicant shall be deemed preferable who has first occupied the Run so applied for during any period not exceeding sixty days previous to the making such application Pro- vided also that such occupation during a period not exceeding two months if followed by an application for a license shall not be deemed a trespass under class 29 Provided also that a return of all such licenses from time to time be published in the Gazette Provided also that no license granted under this clause shall be transferable unless the land comprised in such license shall have been stocked within the provisions of this Act and except by operation of law

Description of Runs to be given on application for License 5 All applications for such licenses shall be in the form required by any regulation made in pursuance of this Act and must contain clear descriptions of the Runs applied for the boundaries thereof and the marks or natural features by which such boundaries are in- dicated so as nearly as may be to describe the Run according to the provisions of section six of this Act Provided that it shall be lawful for the Commissioner or other officer duly authorized to amend any such description and to insert such amended description either in the license or in the lease to be applied for and granted as hereinafter provided for as well as in the Commissioner's book to be kept in accordance with clause 4 of this Act

Have power to amend description Area of Runs 6 Each-Run shall consist of not less than twenty- five square miles nor more than one hundred square LAND ACTS. 157 miles and shall be of rectangular form in which the external lines shall run east and west and north and south and the length shall be as nearly as may be equal to the width subject however to such deviations as the general features of the country and the adoption of natural boundaries may require and subject also to the exclusionof water necessaryto the beneficialoccupa- tion of adjoining lands Provided that in computing the area of any run it shall be competent for the local Commissioner to exclude any portion which may be unavailable for pastoral purposes

Occupat io n Fee

7 Every person who shall obtain a license as afore- said shall on or within ninety days after obtaining such license pay into the Treasury in Brisbane as an occupation fee for the same the sum of ten shill ings per square mile and unless such fee shall be so paid the license shall be forfeited

Leases may be granted on application

8 Any holder of a license shall be at liberty within any time not less than three months prior to the expi- ration of the year for which his license has be en granted to apply to The Chief Commissioner of Crown Lands through the District Commissioner for a lease of the Run comprised in such license and a lease of the same at the rent hereinafter specified shall be granted to such holder for a period of fourteen years if such Run shall at the time of the application for and the granting of such lease have been and shall be stocked to an extent equal to one-fourth of the number of sheep or equivalent number of cattle which each Run shall by this Act be deemed to be capable of carry- ing Provided that where a lessee shall have two or more Runs adjoining each other not exceeding in the 158 QUEENSL IND

aggregate 100 square miles it shall be lawful for the said lessee to locate his stock on any or either of them

Defined capability of Run 9 Every Run shall be deemed to be capable of carrying at least one hundred sheep or twenty head of cattle per square mile

Date of Lease 10 Every lease granted under the provisions of this Act shall bear date the first day of January or July precedipg the application for such lease

Description of Leased Lands

11 In any license or lease granted under the pro- visions of this Act it shall be sufficient if the land thereby granted or demised be defined according to the best description of such land and of the boundaries thereof which may have been procurable notwithstand- ing that such descriptionmay not have been prepared after actual survey and no license or lease shall be liableto be setaside by reasononly of the imperfection of any such description so long as the land shall thereby be defined with reasonable certainty

Rent to be paid Amount of Rent during first four years Amount of Rent du ri ng residue of term

12 The lessee of every Run shall during the con- tinuance of his lease pay a yearly rent for the same as hereinbeforementioned and such yearlyrent shall be payable in advance at such time and place as shall be fixedby the Governor with the advice aforesaid1st The rent to be paid for each Run during the first four years of any lease of the same shall be a sum of ten shillings per square mile according to an estimate of LAND ACTS. 159

the area of such run to be made by the Commissioner and by the party applying and in the event of their not agreeing by an umpire to be appointed as herein- after provided 2nd The rent payable in respect of such lease for the succeeding periods of five years and five years being the residue of the term comprised in,, such lease shall be the appraisement made at the commence- ment of such periods of five years and five years respectively in proportion to the value of the Run its capabilities advantages and disadvantages being con- sidered Provided that in no case during the first period of five years shall the rent be after a less rate than £25 nor a greater than £50 and during the second period of five years in no case shall it be less than after the rate of £30 nor more than £70 per Block of twenty-five square miles

Mode of estimating the Rental of Runs If lessee shall refuse or fail to appoint a valuer Commissioner shall have the power to appoint him

13 In order to estimate the rent as provided by section 12 of this Act the lessee shall within a period of not less than three months previous to the expira- tion of the fourth year of his lease nominate in writing to a Commissioner of the District in which his Run is situated a valuer on behalf of himself and such Com- missioner shall act as a valuer on behalf of the Crown or name one to act for him and these two valuers shall have power to choose if necessary an umpire but if they cannot agree in the choice of an umpire he shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice aforesaid Provided that if the lessee shall neglect or refuse within the space of eight weeks after notice in writing to be given to him for that purpose by such Commis- sioner to appoint a valuer it shall be lawful for such Commissioner to appoint a valuer on such lessee's be- half and such valuer shall be a valuer appointed by and 160 QUEENSLAND acting on behalf of such lessee and every valuation made under such appointment as well as all other valuations under this Act shall be published in the Government Gazette within one month after the same has been determined upon and shall be deemed to be valid

Penalty for non-payment of Rent

14 If default shall be made in the payment of the rent the lease shall be forfeited but the lessee shall be permitted to defeat the forfeiture and prevent its be- coming absolute by payment within ninety days from the date of the original rent day of the full annual rent with the addition of a sum equal to one-fourth part thereof by way of penalty but unless the whole of the saidyearly rent togetherwith such penalty as aforesaid shall be paid within the term of ninety days counting from the original rent day inclusive the lease shall be absolutely forfeited

Lease not applied for runs to be dealt with as Crown Lands

15 If any licensee of a Run shall omit or neglect to apply for a lease of the same within the time specified in this Act and according to the provisions thereof or shall fail to obtain a lease of the same or shall fail to keep up the amount of stock required to be on the Run at the time of obtaining the lease unless prevented by unavoidableaccident such run shallbe dealtwith as a forfeitedor vacatedrun

Grants for public purposes

16 Nothing in this Act contained shall prevent the Governor with the advice aforesaid from making grants or sales of any lands comprised in any license or lease for public purposes or disposing of in such other manner as for the public interest may seem best such LAND ACTS. 161

lands as may be required for the sites of schools or for the construction of highroads or railways and railway stations or for other internal communications whether by land or water or for the use or be nefit of the aboriginal inhabitants of the country or for public buildings or as places for the interment of the d d or places for the recreation and amusement of the inha- bitants of any town or village or as the sites of public .quays or landing places on the sea-coast or shores of navigable streams or for the purpose of sinking shafts and digging for gold coals iron copper lead or other minerals and effectually working gold coal iron copper lead or other minerals or for any other purpose of public defence safety utility convenience or enjoyment or for otherwise facilitating the improvement and settle- ment of the Colony

Resumption of Run

17 The whole or any portion of any run may be reserved for public purposes or resumed for sale or otherwise after giving twelve months notice In case of resumption the proportionate rent paid or to be paid in respect of the quantity of land so resumed will .be returned or allowed to the lessee

Value of improvements may be claimed in resumption

18 Whenever it shall be deemed expedient to resume for any purpose any land included in a lease and when- ever the term of any lease shall expire the lessee may claim the value of improvements effected on land so sold or resumed or of which the lease shall so expire if such claim is made within two months after notice of such intended resumption or after the expiry of such term such value to be ascertained by valuation to be made in the manner prescribed by section thirteen of this Act and such valuation shall be conclusive and *L 162 QUEENSLAND

payment shall be made to the lessee according to such valuation Provided always that such claim shall not be allowed to any such lessee who shall take the land included in such lease under any renewal or new lease thereof

Sale at Auction of leases of forfeited and vacated Runs

19 Runs which have been forfeited or vacated after the same have been leased shall be submitted to sale by public auction for the residue of the term specified in the original lease of the same at the minimum upset price of ten shillings per annum for every square mile and the rental shall be paid in advance And any such Run if unsold may be once again put up for sale in like manner and if not then sold the Governor with the advice aforesaid may reduce the minimum upset rent to such sum as may be deemed just and reasonable and the same shall be again submitted for sale as afore- said at such reduced upset price

Passage of Stock

20 Any person driving horses cattle or sheep along any road used or required for the purpose of travelling may departure the same on any Crown Lands unless the same are enclosed within the distance of one half mile of such road notwithstanding any lease of any such lands for pastoral purposes Provided that unless prevented by rain or flood such horses or cattle shall be moved at least seven miles and such sheep at least four miles in one and the same direction within every succes- sive period of twenty-four hours And any person or persons driving horses cattle or sheep or depasturing the same contrary to the provisions of this clause shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding £20 to be recovered before any two Justices of the Peace at any Court of Petty Sessions and for every subsequent offence shall LAND ACTS. 163

forfeit a like sum Provided that no information for any subsequent offence shall be laid until the expira- tion of one week succeeding the filing of any preceding information Licenses to CutTimber Sic may be granted Provided that any reasonable objection may be entertained by GoveiVent 21 The Governor with the advice aforesaid may (subject to any regulations to be made as hereinafter enacted) authorize the Commissioners or Bench of Magistrates to issue licenses for any term not exceed- ing one year to enter any Crown Lands whether under lease or license or not and to cut and take therefrom any timber and to dig for and remove any gravel stone brick earth shells or other material but not within two miles of any head station unless by consent of the lessee Provided that the fee fixed for such license shall be paid in advance Provided also that any lessee may make any reasonable objection to the granting of such license and the granting or withholding of such license after any objection shall have been made to the Com- missioner or Bench of Magistrates shall be determined by the Governor with the advice aforesaid Provided that any lessee may by notice in writing to that effect given to any such licensee restrict him or her from exercising his or her rights as such licensee in any given spot to be mentioned in such notice for a period not exceeding one month and such licensee shall within such period appeal to the Commissioner or nearest Bench of Magistrates who shall have power respectively to decide the matter in issue between the parties and such licensee shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding twenty pounds if after such notice given as aforesaid or in the event of the matter in issue being decided against him he or she shall exercise the right of a licensee which penalty may be recovered before any two of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace in Petty Sessions in the manner prescribed by law 164 QUEENSLAND

Use of Timber or Material by Lessees

22 Lessees of Runs shall be permitted to out and use such timber and material for building and other purposes as may be required by them as tenants of them several lands

Removal of Timber and Material by other than Lessees

22 Except as provided in clause 21 of this Act Lessees of Runs shall not have power to restrict other persons duly authorized by the Government either from cutting or removing timber or material for building or other purposes or from searching for any metal or mineral within the Run leased

Commonage Proclamation and Regulations

24 The Governor with the advice aforesaid may proclaim and set apart temporarily any Crown Lands for commonage purposes for the use and benefit of the inhabitants of any city town or village or other speci- fied locality and may make and proclaim regulations for the management of such commonage or depute or permit and suffer the Mayor and Corporation of any Municipality to manage such commonage and to make rules and regulations for the management of the same

Right to enter on lands

25 Nothing in this Act or in any license or lease granted thereunder shall be held to prejudice or inter- rupt the right of the Governor or of any officer duly authorized in that behalf by the Governor with advice aforesaid to go upon any landsincluded in any license or lease or to make any survey inspection or examina- tion of the same LAND ACTS. 165

In case of dispute Governor may refer 26 Whenever any dispute shall arise as to the boundaries of any Runs it shall be lawful for the Governor or the officer duly authorized to act in that behalf to require the same to be settled by arbitration and which arbitration shall be in all respects condwted in the manner pointed out by section ThiMeen of this Act with respect to the determination of the rent of such runs provided that nothing herein con- tained shall be held to bind the Governor to refer any such dispute to arbitration or to issue any lease pur- suant to the award of such arbitration unless the. same shall be approved by him

Declaration to be made 27 Before any Commissioner of Crown Lands arbi- trator appraiser or umpire shall enter into the con- sideration of any matter referred to him he shall in the presence of a Justice of the Peace make and subscribe the following declaration that is to say

I do solemnly and sincerely declare that I have no pecuniary or other interest either directly or indirectly in the matter in question that I will faithfully and honestly and to the best of my skill and ability hear and determine the matters referred to me under the provisions of an Act entitled "An Act for regulating the Occupation of Unoccupied Crown Lands in the unsettled Districts" Made and subscribed in the presence of And such declaration shall be annexed to the award when made Provided that any Commissioner of Crown Lands arbitrator appraiser or umpire who shall make a false declaration shall be punishable for purjury

Removal of Trespassers 28 On information in writing preferred by any Commissioner of Crown Lands or other person duly 166 QUEENSLAND authorized in that behalf to any Justice of the Peace setting forth that any person is in the unlawful occu- pation of any Crown Lands or land reserved or dedi- cated for any public purpose such Justice shall issue his summons for the appearance before any two Justices of the Peace at a place and time therein specified of the persdh so informed against and at such time and place such two Justices on the appearance of such person or on due proof of the service of such summons on him or at his usual or last place of abode or business shall hear and enquire into the subject matter of such information and on being satisfied of the truth thereof either by-the admission of the person informed against or on other evidence such Justices shall issue their warrant addressed to the Sheriff or Deputy-Sheriff or Commissioner of Crown Lands or to any Chief or District Constable requiring him forthwith to dispos- sess and remove such person from such land and to take possession of the same on behalf of Her Majesty and the person to whom such warrant is addressed shall forthwith carry the same into execution Penal ties for Trespassing 29 Any person unless lawfully claiming under any subsisting lease or license or otherwise under this Act who shall be found occupying any Crown Land or land granted reserved or dedicated for public purposes either by residing or by erecting any hut or building thereon or by clearing digging up enclosing or cultivating any part thereof or cutting timber otherwise than fire- wood not for sale thereon shall be liable on conviction to a penalty not exceeding five pounds for the first offence and not exceeding ten pounds for the second offence and not exceeding twenty pounds for the third or any subsequent offence Provided that no informa- tion shall be laid for any second or subsequent offence until thirty clear days shall have elapsed from the date of the previous conviction LAND ACTS. 167

Limitation of action 30 All actions or other proceedings against any Commissioner of Crown Lands or other officer acting under the provisions of this Act for anything wrong- fully done under or against the provisions of this Act shall be commenced within six months after the matter complained of was committed and not otherwise And notice in writing of any such action and of the cause thereof shall be given to the defendant one month at least before the commencement of the proceeding And in every such proceedingthe defendantmay pleadthe general issue and give this Act and the special matter in evidence at any trial to be had thereupon and no plaintiff shall recover in any such proceeding if tender of sufficient amends shall have been made before the same was commenced or if a sufficient sum of money shall have been paid into Court after such commence- ment by or on behalf of the defendant together with costs incurred up to that time And if a verdict shall pass for the defendant or the plaintiff shall become nonsuit or discontinue such proceeding or if upon demurrer or otherwise judgment shall be given against the plaintiff the defendant shall recover his full costs as between attorney and client and have the like remedy for the same as any defendant has by law in othercases No quashing for error nor certiorari 31 No order judgment or proceeding made touching or concerning the matters aforesaidor touching or concerning the convictionof any offenderagainst this Act shall be quashed or vacated for want of form only or be removed or removable by certiorari or by any writ or process whatsoever into the Supreme Court Instrumentsunder Act to be evidence 32 Any lease or other instrument issued under this Act may be proved in all legal proceedings by the pro- 168 QUEENSLAND duction of a certified copy thereof signed by the officer to be authorized for that purpose under any regulation made as hereinafter enacted

Governor may make rega:atlons 33 It shall be lawful for the Governor with the advi ce aforesaid from time to time to make vary and alter regulations respecting the forms of leases and licenses granted under this Act and respecting all matters and things necessary to give effect to the same and every such regulation shall be published in the Gazette and when published shall have the force of law Regnlationeto be laidbefore Parliament 34 A copy of all regulations made under the authority of this Act shall be laid before the Parlia- ment within fourteen days from the publication thereof if the Parliament shall be then sitting and if the Par- liament shall not be then sitting then within fourteen days from its next sitting for the despatch of business Commencementand shortTitle 35 This Act shall commence on the first day of October next and shall be styled and may be cited as the "Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1860."

[24TH VICT., No. 12.] Ant TO REGULATE THE OCCUPATION OF LAND APPLIED FOR BY TENDER. [Assented to 17th September, 1860.

Preamble by an Order of the Queen's Most WYr Excellent Majesty in Council bearing date the LAND ACTS. 169 ninth day of March 1847 it was by the 12th and 13th sections thereof provided that any person desirous of acquiring a lease of any Run of Crown Lands should tender for the same in such manner as therein is men- tioned And whereas tenders for leases of Runs within the Colony of Queensland have been transmitted to and received by the Governments of New South Wales and Queensland respectively And whereas it is expedient that leases should be issued in pursuance of the aforesaid sections to all persons who have tendered and whose tenders have been accepted or received and opened and who shall not have stocked the land com- prised in the same And whereas it is also expedient to make regulations concerning the occupation of the lands to be comprised in any such lease to be granted as aforesaid Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of Queensland in Parliament assembled and by the authority of the same as follows Repeal of 22 Vict. No 17 1 The Order in Council of the 9th March 1847 and all regulations made in pursuance thereof so far as they in anywise affect or are inconsistent with this Act and the Act of Parliament of New South Wales made and passed in the twenty-second year of the Reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty and numbered seventeen intituled " An Act to Impose an Assessment on Runs " in the Unsettled and Intermediate Districts and to " Increase the Rent of Lands for Leased Pastoral Pur- poses within the Settled Districts of New " South Wales" so far as the same affect the provisions of this Act shall be and the,same are hereby repealed Provided that nothing herein contained shall prejudice anything already lawfully done under the said orders and regulations or commenced or contracted to be done thereunder respectively 170 QUEENSLAND

Tenders for Runs already liable to Rent 2 All persons whose tenders for Runs have been already received and opened by the Government of New South Wales or the Government of Queensland under the 12th and 13th sections of the herein be fore recited Order in Council dated 9th March 1847 relating to Runs in the Colony of Queensland and of which such persons shall be entitled to a lease under the sal 12th section of such Order in Council shall be liable until such lease shall have been granted to pay and shall pay rent on such tenders as if such lease had be en granted such rent to be the same and to be payable at the same time - and manner speci fied in this Act for leases and shall be subject to forfeiture for non -payment of rent in manner mentioned in the Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1860 notwithstanding that such tenders may not have been finally reported on but no such party shall be calledupon to pay more than one year's rent for each run till the said tenders shall have be en accepted and reported on Provided always that in the event of its appearing that any such tender com- prises land leased or under promise of lease or applied for under any previous tender and that such tender has ultimately be en declined then and in every such case the rent paid on such land as afore said shall be returned to the parties or party whose tenders or tender shall have been so declined

Leases of Lands Tendered for to be Granted 3 The Governor with the advice of the Executive Council shall grant a lease of the lands comprised in any accepted tender for the'term of fourteen years and the term of every such lease shall commence from the first day of January or July nearest to the acceptance of any such tender Provided that all lessees who have occupied their Runs for the first time since the 1st January 1860 may come under the provisions of this Act LAND ACTS. 171

Rent 4 Every lessee shall during the continuance of his lease pay a yearly rent for the same to be fixed and payable at the same rates and times and ascertainable in the same manner as provided for in the Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1860 Provision for Occupation 5 Every lessee whose tender has at the time of the passing of this Act been accepted or whose tender shall hereafter be accepted shall. within twelve months from the date of his lease occupy and stock the lands com- prised in such lease to an extent equal to one-fourth of the number of sheep or equivalent number of cattle which such lands shall be deemed to be capable of carry- ing according to section nine of the said last-mentioned Act and should such Runs not be stocked as hereinbefore provided every lessee of same shall be liable to pay in advance twice the amount of rent imposed by his lease and if within six months after the payment of such additional rent such runs shall not have been stocked as hereinbefore provided the same shall be absolutely forfeited Incorporation of Provisions of Act of 1860 6 All the provisions of the said Act of 1860 so far as the same are not repugnant to or inconsistent with the provisions of this Act shall be incorporated in this Act t Proport ion of Rent Remitted 7 In all cases where Rent or Assessment Tax shall have been paid in advance prior to the passing of this Act for a period any portion of which shall be included in any leaseto be granted as aforesaida proportionate part of such Rent or Assessment Tax shall be remitted Commencementand short Title 8 This Act shall commence on the first day of October next and shall be styled and may be cited as the 11Tenders for Crown Lands Act." 172 QUEENSLANI)

[24TH VICT., No. 15.] an Aid TO PROVIDE FOR THE ALIENATION OF CROWN LANDS. [Assented to 17th September, 1860.

Preamble

WHEREASsion for the it sale is and expedient other alienation to make better of the Waste provi- Lands of the Crown within the Colony of Queensland Be it-therefore enacted by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of Queens- land in Parliament assembled and by the authority of the same as foll ows Repeal of Orders in Council and Regula tions 1 From and after the commencement of this Act the Acts of Council of New South Wales 11 Victoria number 61 and 16 Victoria number 29 as well as so much of Her Majesty's Orders in Council and so much of the Regulations made thereunder and now in force as may be repugnant to or inconsistent with the pro- visions of this Act shall be and the same are hereby repealed Provided that nothing herein contained shall affect anything lawfully done or commenced or contractedto be done thereunderrespectively

GovernorAuthorized to ConveyLands 2 Under and subject to the provisions of this Act and of such Regulations as may hereafter be established in accordance with this Act the Governor with the advice of the Executive Council is hereby authorized in the name and on behalf of Her Majesty to convey and alienate in fee simple or for a less estate or interest any Waste Lands of the Crown within the said Colony LAND ACTS. 173

which conveyances or alienations shall be made in such form as shall from time to time be deemed expedient with the advice aforesaid and being so made shall be valid and effectual in the law to transfer and vest in possessionsuch landsas aforesaidfor such estateor interest as shall be granted by any such conveyance as aforesaid

Proclamation of Town and other Reserves 3 It shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice of the Executive Council by Proclamation in the Gazette to declare what portions of Crown Lands shall be set apart as the sites of new Cities Towns or Villages and also to declare what lands shall be reserved from sale for any public purpose Provided that the Governor with the advice aforesaid may by Proclamation in the Gazette rescind either in whole or in part any such Proclamation as aforesaid in all cases in which Sales of Town Lots shall not have taken placepursuant thereto

Grants for Public Purposes 4 It shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice aforesaid to grant or otherwise dispose of for such public purposes as are specified in clause 16 of the Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1860 or for such other purposes as may from time to time be previously sanctioned by the Legislature any Waste Lands of the Crown in the said Colony

No Land shall be Sold for less than 21 per acre after Survey 5 The price of land to be sold under this Act shall in no case be less than £1 per acre and the conveyance and alienation of such lands shall not be completed until the same shall have been surveyed and delineated in the public Maps in the office of the Surveyor- General 174 QUEENSLAND

Land to be Sold by Auction 6 Except as herein otherwise provided all Waste Lands of the Crown in the said Colony before being so alienated or conveyed as aforesaid shall be offered for sale by Public Auction at the office of the Land Agent in or nearest to the district in which such lands are offered for sale and all particulars of such auction shall be fully notified by Proclamation under the hand of the Governor in the Queensland Government Gazette not less than one month nor more than three months before the day of holding such auction

-.ands Offered for Sale to be Distinguished into Classes and Lots 7 All lands offered for sale by auction shall be distinguished into Town Suburban and Country Lots and the Town Lots shall comprise all lands situate within the actual boundaries of Towns and the Suburban Lots shall comprise all.lands situate within two miles from the nearest boundary of any town unless the Governor with the advice aforesaid shall see fit to exclude any such last mentioned lands from the class of Suburban Lots on the ground that they will not in his judgment derive any increased value from their vicinity to any such Town and the Country Lots shall comprise all other lands and the Governor with the advice aforesaid may from time to time fix the upset price of any lot or lots at any sum being not less than the lowest upset of Waste Lands within the said Colony

Unsold Country Lots may be sold by Private Contract

8 Any LOU which shall have been offered for sale by auction in manner aforesaid and shall remain unsold either at the time of the passing of this Act or subse- quently thereto or on which the deposits hereinafter specified shall have been forfeited may be sold at the office of the Land Agent aforesaid by private contract at, the upsetprice or in caseof such forfeitureas afore- LAND ACTS. 175 said at the price for which they were sold at auction less the amount of the deposit paid and forfeited on them Providing that nothing herein contained shall prevent any such Lots aforesaid, from being withdrawn from sale by private contract and again offered for sale by public auction in the same manner as other Lots not previously offered for sale

Purchase Money when to be Paid 9 No Waste Lands of the Crown within the said Colony shall be sold by such private contract as afore- said exept for ready money and no lands shall be sold at any such public auction as aforesaid unless on con- dition of the payment at the time of sale in ready money or Land Order of a deposit the amount of which shall be fixed by any Proclamation as aforesaid and being not less than one-tenth of the whole price and of the payment of the residue of such price within one calendar month from the time of such sale by auction and if the purchaser shall fail to pay such residue of the price within one calendar month the deposit shall be forfeited and the sale of the said lands shall be null and void

Agricultural Reserves Fixed Price of Al 10 Within a period of six months after the passing of this Act it shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice of the Executive Council by Proclamation to define and set apart for Agricultural Occupation not less than 100,000 acres on the shores or navigable waters of d4oreton Bay Wide Bay Port Curtis and Keppel Bay and also within five miles of all towns whose inhabitants shall exceed 500 in number reserves of at least 10,000 acres of land and also such other reserves as the Ggvernor with the advice aforesaid and with the approval of the Legislature shall from time to time think fit and the laud so defined and set apart 176 QUEENSLAND

shall' be surveyed and shall be called Agricultural Reserves and shall not be submitted to public auction but shall be sold at the fixed price of twenty shillings per acre subject to the provisions hereinafter contained in that behalf Provided that it shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice aforesaid by Proclamation to withdraw and deal with as country lands or otherwise the whole or any portions of such reserves but that at no time after the survey shall there be less than half of the above quantity open to selection within the said AgriculturalReserves

Method of obtaining Farm in Agricultural Reserve 11 Any person who may be desirous of occupying land within an Agricultural Reserve shall apply at the office of the Land Agent in or nearest to the district in which such Reserve has been marked out and shall point out on the map thereof such lot or lots which he may wish to select and shall pay in advance twenty shillings for every acre and if within six months he shall have occupied and commenced to improve or cultivate the same then a deed of grant of the land shall be issued Provided that if at the termination of such six months as aforesaid either the farm applied for or such other lands contiguous thereto as may be leased according to the provisions of clause twelve of this Act shall not have been occupied and improvements shall not have been made thereon then the purchase money less ten per cent shall be returned to the applicant and the land so purchased or leased as aforesaid shall be again open to selection

Lease of Lands contiguous to Farms 12 It shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice aforesaid to lease to the occupant of a farm within an Agricultural Reserve any portion of the lands contiguousto such farm not being alreadysold or LAID ACTS. 177 leasedas hereinprovided and not exceeding in extentr three times the amount of purchased land comprised in such farm nor exceeding in the whole including the purchased land .320 acres for the term of five years at a yearly rent of sixpence per acre such rent to be paid annually in advance and such lessee shall be entitled during the currency of his lease to purchase any part or the whole of the land so leased to him if the same shall have been fenced in notwithstanding that another person may be an applicant for the purchase of the same Provided that if any such lessee shall fail to pay the rent of the land so leased to him within thirty days from the date of such rent becoming due or shall fail to fence in the land so leased to him with a sub- stantial fence within eighteen months from the com- mencement of such lease the said lease shall thereupon become void Provided also that it shall not be com- petent for any person to hold any such lease as agent for another or to borrow by way of mortgage or other- wise on the security of such lease

Farms not to be less than 40 or more than 320 acres

13 No farm to be sold within an Agricultural Reserve as hereinbefore mentioned shall be less than forty acres in extent and no person shall become the purchaser of more than 320 acres in all within the same reserve Provided that such lands so selected by one person shall be in one lot or in conterminous lots

commonage 14 Alle unenclosed lands within any Agricultural or other Reserve shall be subject to such rights of Commonage as may be secured to the purchasers of land within such reserve and to the residents in any adjacent township and determined by regulations to be hereinafter made in that behalf *K 0 178 QUEENSLAND

Sale in Consideration of Improvements 15 Upon application made within twelve months after the passing of this Act by any person who may prior thereto have made improvements upon lands com- prised within the boundaries of any city town or village or upon application within twelve months after the Proclamation in the Government Gazette of any new city town or village reserve within which improvements may be situated it shall be lawful for the Governor with th - advice aforesaid to sell the allotment or allotments containing such improvements to the owner of such im- provements without competition at its fair value in an unimproved state not being less than the minimum upset price of such lands

Clos in g and Alienation of Unnecessary Roads 16 Whenever the owner or owners of any lands adjoining a road which has been reserved for access to such lands only and is not otherwise required for public use shall make application for the closing of such road it shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice aforesaid to notify in the Government Gazette that such road will be closed and after the expiration of two months from such notice a grant or grants of the roads so closed may be issued to the owner or owners of the adjoining lands in fair proportion or in accordance with agreement among such owners provided that the fair value of such road as estimated by the Surveyor-General be paid for the same

Sales without Competition in Special Cases 17 In casesin which there may be no convenient way of access to any portion of Crown Land br in which any portion may be insufficient in area for public sale or in which a portion of Crown Land may lie between land already granted and a street or road which forms or should form the way of approach to such granted laud or in which buildings erected on lands already LAND ACTS. 179

granted may have extended over Crown Lands or in any other cases of a like kind the Govern,)r may with the advice aforesaid sell and grant such lands to the holder or holders of adjacent lands without competition and at a price to be determined by the Surveyor-General or other officer duly authorized in that behalf

Rem:ssnon of Purchase Money to Officers 18 Nothing in this Act contained shall be held to alter or discontinue such Regulations made under the authority of Her Majesty and now in force in the Aus- tralian Colonies as provide under certain conditions for the remission of purchase money to Officers of the British Army and Navy who may become purchasers of land in the Colony of Queensland

Land Orders may be given to certain Officers Soldiers and Sailors 19 It shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice aforesaid to extend to any such Officer of the British Army and Navy having served seven years and upwards as may not be entitled to a remission of pur- chase money under the Imperial Regulations last here- inbefore mentioned and to any British Soldier or Sailor who has been discharged with a certificate of good con- duct the benefit of a remission of purchase money in accordance with such regulations to the amount of £50 Provided that such Soldiers and Sailors shall be certi- fied to be in sound bodily health and not more than 45 years of age and shall be bound under conditions to be agreedupon between the Governor and the Secretary of State for War to serve when called upon for the defence of the Colony

Land Orders may be given to Immigrants 20. It shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice of the Executive Council to issue to any adult Immigrant who shall have come direct from Europe to the Colony of Queensland but not at the expense of fl-i 180 QUEENSLAND said Colony or to the person who shall have paid for the passage of such Immigrant a Land Order for the amount of £18 and after such Immigrant shall have resided not less than two years continuously within the said Colony and if not previously a British Subject shall have been naturalized then to issue to such Immi- grant a further Land Order for the amount of £12 Provided that two children over the age of 4 and under the age of 14 respectively shall be reckoned as one statute adult under this Act Provided also that every such Immigrant shall have complied with and shall be of the class comprised within the Immigration Regula- tions for the time being in force in the said Colony Premiumfor Growing Cotton 21 In order to encourage the growth of Cotton within the said Colony it shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice aforesaid to issue Land Orders during the next three years to the extent of £10 and during the two years next following the said period of three years to the extent of £5 by way of premium for every baleof good cleanedSea IslandCotton without any ad- mixture of damaged or discolored and weighing 300 lbs. the growth and produce of the Colony which may be exported to Great Britain and during the said periods one half the above premiums shall be given for the common descriptions of cotton Grants for Mining Purposes 22 In cases where persons or companies shall be desirous of purchasing lands for mining purposes other than for coal or gold it shall be lawful for the Governor with the adviceaforesaid to sellthe same to such per- sons or Company at the upset price of twenty shillings per acre provided that the quantity sold to one person or Company shall in no case exceed 640 acres Governor may make Regulations 23 It shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice aforesaid from time to time to make or alter in LAND ACTS. 181 accordance with the provisions of this Act such Regu- lations as may be necessary to give effect to the same and all such Regulations shall be published in the Government Gazette and when so published shall have the force of law and a copy of the same shall be laid before the Parliament within fourteen days after the publication thereof or if the Parliament be not then sitting then within fourteen days after its next meeting for the despatch of business Short Title 24 This Act shall be styled and may be cited as « The Alienation of Crown Lands Act of 1860."

[24TH VICT., No. 16.] An art TO PROVIDE FOR THE LEASING OF CROWN LANDS PREVIOUSLY OCCUPIED [Assented to 17th September, 1860.

Preamble it is expedient that all Lands now Wv leased or otherwise occupied for pastoral purposes under Her Majesty's Order in Council and such regu- lations as are now in force in the Colony of Queensland should upon the expirationof the currentterm for which they are occupied be brought under an amended and uniform tenure Be it therefore enacted,,by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of Queensland in Parliament Assembled and by the authority of the same as follows Partial Repeal of 22 Vic. No. 17 and orders in Council and Regulations 1 So much of an Act of the Legislature of New South Wales passed in the 22nd year of Her Majesty's 182 QUEENSLAND

reign and numbered 17 intituled " An Act to Impose " an Assessment on Runs in the Unsettled and " Intermediate Districts and to Increase the Rent of "Lands Leased for Pastoral Purposes within the Settled " Districts of New South Wales" as may affect the provisions of this Act and so much of the Orders in Council and Regulations now in force as are repugnant to or inconsistent with the provisions of this Act shall be and the same are hereby repealed Provided that nothing herein contained shall prejudice or affect anythingalready done or commenced or contractedto be done thereunder respectively

All Leases to be Renewed for Five Years. 2 Upon the expiration of the current terms for which any Crown Lands ar,: now held under existing regulations or may be held under the provisions of the Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1860 or of the Tenders for Crown Lands Act of 1860 such Crown Lands shall in every case be let upon a lease for five years subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth

Rent to be Determined by Valuation. 3 Upon application from the Occupant six months before the expiration of any lease of Crown Lands for Pastoral purposes the fair annual value of lands com- prised in such lease shall be determined for the five years next ensuing the expiration of such lease according to the provisions of clause 13 of the Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1860 and such valuationshall be based upon the grazingcapa- bilities and other advantages or disadvantages of such lands but shall not have referenceto any valuable improvements that may have been made thereon and shall be the annual rent during the currency of such lease and such rent shall be paid in advance LAND ACTS. 183

If Lease be not Renewed to former Occupant Run to be Let by Auction 4 In the event of such occupant not applyingas aforesaidfor a valuationof the lands comprisedin his lease in orderto obtain a renewal thereofaccording to the terms of such valuation as aforesaid or if such lands shall have been forfeited or vacated within the provisions of clause 14 of the Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1860 then such lands shall be let to the person bidding the highest rent for the same at Public Auction but if such lands shall have been so forfeited or vacated then for the residue of the current term only and the upset rent at such auction shall in either case be the rent determined by such valuationas aforesaidand if thereshould be no bidders at such upset rent then it shall be lawful for the Governor with the advice aforesaid to reduce such upset rent according as he may think fit and again to submit the lease of such lands to Public Auction Compensation for Improvements 5 Any personnot being the previousoccupant of such Lands who may obtain the renewed leasethereof shall in addition to his rent pay into the Treasury before entering upon such lands the amount that may be fixed by arbitration in manner provided in clause 13 of the Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1860 as being the value of the permanent improve- ments on such Lands as may be comprised in any new lease to be granted thereof and such amount shall be forthwith paid to the outgoing lessee Clauses 14 to 34 of Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act Incorporated 6 All the clauses of the Unoccupied Crown Lands Occupation Act of 1850 from clause 14 to clause 34 both inclusive except clauses 15 and 19 shall be and the same ar(rhereby incorporated into this Act Short Title 7 This Act shall be styled and may be cited as the 11Occupied Crown Lands Leasing Act of 1860" This is a blank page

A BRIEF SKETCH

OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION, POPULATION, CLIMATE,RESOURCES, CAPABILITIES, ,Form of (Sobeenment, L anb Lain,5, TRADE, REVENUE,

&c., &,C , &C,

OF THE toIaup of OueensIanD> WITH A MAP.

BY THEOPHILUS P. PUGH,

JOURNALIST.

SECOND EDITION, Inc7udang all the most Recent Information.

COMPILE D EXPRESSLY FOR THIS ALMANAC. A This is a blank page

PREFIX TO THE FIRST EDITION.

Colonial Secretary's O,ce, Brisbane , Queensland, 1st January, 1861.

SIR, I I have much pleasure in informing you that the Government of Queensland regards with approval your descriptive Pamphlet on this Colony . It is well calculatedto affordto the peopleof Great Britainand

Ireland correct information respecting this new province of the Empi re .

I have, &c.,

R. G. W. HERBERT, ColonialSecretary.

T. P. Puan, Esq. This is a blank page

QITEENSLAND, &c.

INTRODUCTION.

ON the 17th May, 1770, the celebrated circumnavi- gator Captain Cook dropped anchor from the bows of the good ship Endeavour in the waters of a large inlet on the eastern coast of Australia, to which he gave the name of " Moreton Bay," in honor of his patron, the Earl of Moreton, the then President of the Royal Society-through whose instrumentality, principally, the expedition was fitted out. Thirty years after Cook's visit, Captain Flinders entered the Bay while engaged in an exploring expedition on the north-eastern coast of Australia, but, although he appears to have made what he conceived to be a minute examination of the surrounding shores, he yet failed to discover the existence of the Brisbane and other rivers, just as he had previously passed, without knowing it, the noble stream now called the Clarence. The investigations of Flinders extended along the coast to the northward, and were doubtless useful in a maritime point of view, but it was not until the year 1823 that an attempt was made to turn to good account the vast tracts of country northward of Port Macquarie, which was then the furthermost limit of settlement in New South 6 QUEENSLAND.

Wales. In that year (Oct. 23) an expedition was despatched from Sydney, under the leadership of Mr. Oxley, the then Surveyor-General, for the purpose of deciding upon an eligible site for the formation of a new penal settlement-those in existence proving in- sufficient for the safe-keeping of the felon hosts with whom England was then crowding our shores. On the 2nd of December, Mr. Oxley entered the Brisbane River in a boat, and explored it for fifty miles from its mouth, and upon this ground the credit of having discovered the noble stream has been awarded to him. It appears however, that the existence of the river was known some time before to certain runaway convicts, one of whom accompanied the explorer when he at length succeeded in finding the embouchure. The river was named after the then Governor of New South Wales, Sir Thomas Brisbane, and the capital city of this Colony, situated 22 miles from its mouth, bears the same appellation. Mr. Oxley also explored and named the Bremer (a tributary of the Brisbane), at the head of which the important town of Ipswich is situated. The Surveyor-General had previously carried his researches northward, discovered the Boyne, visited Wide Bay and Port Curtis-the latter of which inlets had been named by Flinders, and after having explored the Brisbane as above stated, the expeditionary party returned to Sydney. The report made to the Govern- ment favoured the establishment of a penal station on the shores of Moreton Bay, and in the September of 1824, Mr. Oxley-to whom the enterprise was entrusted -succeeded in forming a station at Redcliffe Point, now called by the natives " Umpie Bong" or "dead houses," from the ruins of the buildings first erected. Not long afterwards, the situation of the new, settlement proved to be so ineligible that the removal of the party to some more desirable spot was found to be necessary, and a position was taken up on the banks of INTRODUCTION. 7

the Brisbane , on the site of the present city . To this place the doubly and trebly convicted felons of the Colony were sent, and the settlement was rigorously ruled over by military Commandants up to the time when it was thrown open to free immigration in 1842. This , then, was the commencement of colonization in Queensland. The hostility of the aboriginesdid not prevent exploration , and the enterprising . investigations of successive Commandants extended the knowledge then possessed of the character of the surrounding country, and its adaptation for settlement . In 1827, too, the celebrated traveller Allan Cunningham , made an over- land journ ey fr om Sydney to the latitude of Brisbane, and discovered the broad and extensive Downs, which were named after Governor Darling. Three years afterwards , the flocks of the squatter followed the tracks of the explorer , and the rich pasture land was speedily occupied by the wool -producing portion of the, com- munity . Mr. Cunningham , in 1829, connected his discoveries with the settlement on the Brisbane by an overland trip, and, notwithstanding the difficulties pre- sented by the lofty Dividing Range , and other moun- tainous impediments , the route was found to be practic- able , and the first suppli es to the " new country " went via Brisbane , and through Cunningham's Gap, in 1840. The subsequent settlement of the Colony was attribut- able to the enterprise of the squatter - the pioneer of civilization in Austra lia. To meet his increasing require- ments , tract after tract of before unknown country was " taken up," and his footsteps have now traversed the wilde rn ess far beyond the line of the tropics. The extension of squatting pursuits along the coast line necessitated the discovery of fresh points for the shipment of produce , and in this way have the ports of Mary- borough , Port Curtis, Rockhampton , and Port Denison, been successively established ; and so, in the course of 8 QUEENSLAND. time, will the wool-bales of the sheep-farmer occasion the opening up of fresh outlets, which shall become maritime towns of great commercial importance. The rise and growth of inland centres of population are traceable to the same civilizing agency-the pastoral interest. The drivers of the bullock- teams which con- veyed the squatters' wool bales to the port of _shipment made a particular spot in a particular locality their " camping ground," and there, in process of time, that apparentlyuniversal attendant upon the advance of British colonization and settlement-the wayside inn, was erected and opened. Man being a companionable animal , the publican soon had his near neighbour, and his house became the nucleus of a township, where gradually appeared a general store, a post -office, a court-house, lock-up, and, possibly, a school-house or place of worship. Thus have most of the towns sprung up which are noticed in another part of this publication. In a sketch of this kind, however brief, we should not omit to mention the explorers who have, at various times and in different directions, rendered such trans- cendant service to the Colony. Principal among these were - Sir Thomas Mitchell, Kennedy, Leichhardt- whose fate is still unknown, and whose bones are probablybleaching upon the desertsands of the interior, -Burnett , andAugustus C. Gregory, who has since become the Surveyor-General of this Colony, and who, in 1858, succeeded in making his way overland from the Leich- hardt district of Queensland to Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. During the year 1859 , too, Mr. G. E. Dalrymple followed up the discoveries of Leich- hardt on the Burdekin, in latitude 18° 30' S., by tracing the course of that river nearly to the sea, thus adding considerablyto the knowledge previouslypossessed of the pastoral capabilities of the country to the north. An expedition was sent out in the August. of 1860 for the purpose of surveying the embouchure of the river, INTRODUCTION. 9

Mr. J. W. Smith , R.N., late master of H.M .S. Herald, and Mr. Dalrymple, Commissioner of Crown Lands, being the principal personages connected with the under- taking. They found that the river was not available for purposes of navigation , on account of the sha llowness of the water at its mouth and for some distance fr om the coast , but they reported very favorably of a lately discovered harbour named Port Denison , which, fr om the facili ties it offers for vessels , has been made the shipping port of the Kennedy, the newly -opened district through which the Burdekin runs. In the earlier part of last year (1861 ), the Government fitted out an expedition for the formation of a settlement at Port Denison, the chief direction of which was entrusted to the newly -appointed Commissioner , Mr. Dalrymple . The land party, con- sisting of a sma ll body of Native Po li ce, a few enter- prising squatters land intending settlers, and divers officials, set out fr om Rockhampton on the 25th February, under the personal guidance of that gentleman ; while a vessel specially chartered for the occasion by the Government, conveyed a number of other officials and settlers by sea, Brisbane being the port of embarkation . The two parties met each other at Port Denison on the 11th of April , and the surveyors immediately went to work in marking out the new township , which is described in official documents as the " town of Bowen, parish of Pring, county of Herbert ." After the survey was com- pleted, the Jeannie Dove (the chartered vessel ) returned to Brisbane , and the first sales of land in the new town- ship took place in the capital on the 7th day of October, and at Bowen on the 16th of the same month-the object of the latter sale being to afford settlers on the spot an opportunity of purchasing the allotments they required , without having to compete in price with the land jobbers of the capital. From the time when the Moreton Bay district was thrown open to free settlement in 1842, and the con- 10 QUEENSLAND. victs of the former penal settlement were removed, the progress made was rapid in the extreme . Steam com- munication with Sydney was opened up, and many who had long inhabited the southern port ions of New South Wales migrated hither, attractedby the certaintiesof successwhich the new fieldof enterpriseopened out before them . In the following year , Moreton Bay was admitted to a share of the representation in the Legis- lative Council , by being included in an electorate which extended over more than 500 miles of seaboard, and a proport ionate distance inland-the head polling-place being at Raymond Terrace, on the Hunter . 1846 was a year memorable for advan cement . The bay ( Moreton) was surveyed by Captain Wickham, R.N., the then representative of Government authority in the district ; the first newspaper - the Moreton Bay Courier-was established ; and an abortive attempt to found a colony at Po rt Curtis was made at the instance of the Home Government . A whole shipload of officials was des- patched thither from Sydney , and the absurd resolve was made to land upon the unknown shore in official costume, but the previous stranding of the unlucky Lord Auckland made the disembarkation anything but an imposing ceremony , since the treacherous reef proved tougher than the vessel's bottom , and five feet of water in the hold " spread consternation among the passengers -who lly. denuding them of the " dignity " they had put on for the great occasion . Instead of being a stiff and ceremonious affair, the landing was almost a sauve qui peut , and as the career of the colonists began, so it ended-miserably enough . Three or four months of a disagreeable and perilous existence under canvas-disa- greeable because of the scantinessof provisions,and perilous by reason of the determined hostility of the blacks-terminated this wretched attempt at coloniza- tion . It was at the instance of Mr. W. E. Gladstone, the Secretaryof Statefor the Coloniesunder SirRobert INTRODUCTION. 11

Peel's administration, that the settlement was formed, and, on the advent of Earl Grey to power, the Colonial Secretary of the rival ministry ordered its removal. The systematic neglect of the outlying provinces by the Government of New South Wales had had the effect of causing the inhabitants of Port Phil lip (now Victoria) to seek a Government of their own- the full enjoyment of which they obtained in 1851 ; and the arrival of three shiploads of superior immigrants in 1849, sent out under the auspices of Dr. Lang , had a very material influenceupon the coursepursued by Moreton Bay, which had to complain , no less bitterly than Port Phillip, of the neglect of the governing powers, and the centralizing policy of the Sydney authorities. Some time before the arrival of these immigrants (in 1847), a movement had commenced among the squatting fraternity for procuring separation from New South Wales, and the erection of the More ton Bay district into a penal colony, the class with whom the agitation originated being short of labour for the management of their stations ; and the project was vigorously canvassed in 1849 -51, just after Dr . Lang 's 'immigrants had settled here . The idea of returning to the abandoned system of transportation , and receiving whole cargoes of criminals , deported from the mother-country, was so repugnant to the feelings of the settlers-who were weaker in pocket , but stronger in numbers, than their opponents - that a counter agitation was commenced. The squatters were striving to obtain " separation with convicts ," and even estab li shed a newspaper to further their views ; the " free party" strove to obtain the boon of self-governmentwithout any such degrading condition as the acceptance of England's felonry involved . Meetings were held by both parties, and at the commen cement of 1851 the presence of Dr. Lang in the district lent fr esh force to the cause of those who advocated separation without exiles. Meetings were 12 QUFENSLANP. held, petitions to the Queen were drawn up and signed, and it soon became evident that the last-mentioned party was by far the stronger of the two . Each suc- ceeding appeal to the throne laid the case more strongly before the Home Government ; the cause gained ground throughout the whole district ; and ultimately , the pro- jectors of the movement for separation with exiles gave up the contest as hopeless, and joined with the best grace possible in the struggles of the other party. The opposition offered by New South Wales to the proposed partition of territory was virulent and un- scrupulous from the first, the chief bones of contention being the settlement of the boundary between the two colonies, and the adjustment of accounts . Neither of these points is yet determined . The Queen still has the .power, under the Constitution Act of 1855 , to separate fr om New South Wales the whole territory lying to the northward of the 30th parallel of south latitude, on petition of the inhabitants , and the people who have settled on the " debateable land " lying between that parall el and our southern boundary , have been for some time past engaged in agitating for annexation to Queens- land-with a view to which end petitions to the Queen have been numerously signed and forwarded to England. As to the adjustment of accounts , the question hinges on the liability of our Colony to become responsible for a portion of the large debt contracted by New South Wales. That debt was extravagantly and heedlessly incurred for the construction of costly railways , and the still more costly drainage and waterworks of the metropolis of that colony. The principle has been fairly and justly laid down by the late Governor- General, Sir William Denison , that Queensland should have credit for the revenue raised within her borders, and be debited with all the sums therein expended - whether for Government machinery , public works, or any other purpose ; and further, that she INTRODUCTION. 1 3 should not be held accountable for any portion of the debt contractedfor the objectsabove-named, not a shilling of which was expended for our benefit. This is just the view the colonists take of it. Our opponents say that we, as an integral part of their colony at the time the debt was contracted, are bound to pay our share ; that the money was borrowed on the security of the public lands, and tint that security is now vastly deteriorated by our separation , unless we consent to bear a part of the burden. We say that the distant portions of a province have no right to be heavily taxed for the benefit of one particular and favored locality ; and that such a system of centralization in a free country is opposed to sound political principles. We say, too, that the debt was not contracted on the security of the public lands, but upon the consolidatedrevenue, and that, even supposing the lands were so pledged, New South Wales had neither the right nor the power to pawn our territory, since the debt was chiefly contracted after separation was known to be inevitable . How this matter will be finally settled it is difficult to say. Our Legislature passed an Act during its first Session, authorizing the appointment of Commissioners when New South Wales should have agreed to a similar arrangement. The legislature of the last-named colony, however , made no corresponding effort to meet the case, and the question remained in abeyance until the last session of the Queensland parliament , when a firm and decisive step was taken. On the 13th June, the Colonial Treasurer moved, in the Legislative Assembly, a series of resolutions affirming-( 1), that the government and legislature of New South Wales had virtually refused to entertain the subject of the outstanding accounts, and that it had therefore become necessary for the imperial parliament to interpose in order to bring about a settle- ment ; (2), that the colony of Queensland should hold itself free from all liability on account of monies 14 QUEENSLAND. borrowed by New South Wales, and was at liberty to enter into engagements on its own account, unfettered by any prior obligations ; (3), that the resolutions em- bodying these affirmations should be forwarded to the Secretary of State, with a request that the attention of the imperial parlia ent might be directed to the subject without delay. There can be little doubt as to the relative position of the two colonies, if affairs are settled on a just and equitable basis. Instead of having something to pay, we shall have something to receive -since the revenue derived from the districts now forming our Colony was far in excess of the amount expended ; but whether we shall ever get anything is quite another question. When Victoria was separated, New South Wales was found to be her debtor, but the money has never yet been handed over to the creditor, nor is it likely that it will be paid until the approach of the Greek Kalends. Commencing, as we have previously shown, in 1847, and resuscitated in 1849-51, the agitation for separation was carried on with unabated vigor in succeeding years. In 1856, Mr. Labouchere (then Secretary of State for the Colonies,) declared that the time had arrived when the partition of the territory was desirable ; but frequent changes in the British Cabinet caused repeated alterations in our prospects.Hope and fearsuccessively prevailed in the minds of the many, but there were those who never wavered in their belief that, sooner or later, we shouldgain our independence.At length,an arduous and long-sustained struggle was rewarded by success. The new colony of Queensland-so named by our gracious Queen herself, was proclaimed in London on the 3rd June, 1859, and Sir George Ferguson Bowen,- Colonial Secretary of the Ionian Islands,-was appointed first Governor. This glorious news reached us at a time when we were almost despondent of hearing favour- able intelligence during that year, and the whole tide of INTRODUCTION. 15

public feeling met with a sudden, though agreeable. revulsion from doubt to triumph-realising that Hope is brightest when it dawns from fears. The November of the same year witnessed the arrival of Sir George Bowen in Sydney, and the separation of Moreton Bay was formally proclaimed in the Colony of New South WWles on the 1st of December, although the proclamation was not made here until the 10th, when His Excellency Sir G. F. Bowen landed at Brisbane, from H. M. S. Cordelia. The enthusiastic reception accorded to the Governor was an evidence of the heartfelt joy and satisfaction with which the colonists regarded the advent of self-government ; nor were the jubilant manifestations any less gratifying as demonstrations of loyalty to, and esteem for,our belovedSovereign, in the personof her representative. Immediately upon the arrival of His Excellency, the Government was inaugurated. The Hon. R. G. Wynd- ham Herbert (lateprivate secretary to Mr. Gladstone, when Chancellor of the Exchequer in Lord Aberdeen's administration,) who had accompanied Sir George Ferguson Bowen from England, became Colonial Secre- tary ; the Hon. Ratcliffe Pring, who had for some time previously held the office of Crown Prosecutor, was made Attorney-General ; and the Hon. Robert Ramsay Mac- kenzie, a colonist of eight-and-twenty years' standing, was appointed Colonial Treasurer. The departments were broughtinto a stateof organization,and the affairs of the Colony were conducted by the Governor up to the time of the assemblage of our first Parliament, which event took place on the 22nd of May (1860,) just ninety years and a few days after the date upon which Captain Cook anchored in Moreton Bay. The three Members of the Executive Council-who were all returned to the Assembly for different constituencies-then became resp'n

I.-GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND EXTENT.

THE new Colony of Queensland forms the north- -eastern corner of the great Australian continent, Its present southern boundary ,commences at Point Danger, in latitude 28° 8' S., and traverses the mountain range which divides the waters of the Tweed; Richmond, and Clarence Rivers from those of the Logan and Brisbane in a westerly direction until the line meets tl Great Dividing Range, when it takes a southerly course until the 29th parallel of latitude is reached. Thence it follows a lesser range until it meets with the Dumaresq, or Severn River ; by that river downwards to its con- fluence with the M'Intyre River; after Mich it traverses the devious course of that stream until it again cuts the 29th parallel, and thence it follows that parallel westerly to the 141st meridian of longitude- the eastern boundary of South Australia. This line is AND EXTENT. 17 preserved as far north as the 26th parallel of latitude, which is the boundary of South Australia in that direction, but our western frontier cannot yet be said to be positively defined. It was at first supposed that our north-western limits would extend to the 129th meridian of longitude, thus comprising an area of 1,209,800 square miles, but the Law Officers of the Crown at home having given an opinion adverse to this view, the Legislative Asembly, at the close of the first session, presented an address to the Governor asking that the Home Government should be requested definitely to determine our north-western boundary. The 138th meridian would be the best boundary that could be adopted, there being at that point-according to Mr. Gregory, who has explored the region-a natural frontier. On the north, the Colony is bounded by Torres' Straits, and on the east by the isle-studded water] of the Pacific. These, then, are the boundaries of the vast territory to which Her Most Gracious Majesty has accorded the privilege of self-government, and upon which she has bestowed her own royal-title. As we have previously shown, it is more than pro- bable that the southernboundary may be extendedto the 30th parallel ; and we are prepared to believe that, ere a decade has passed, the creation of a colony or colonies on the northern coast will bring about the curtailment of our borders in that direction. The tide of colonization must inevitably set in, sooner or later, to the shores of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and the proximity of that region to the Eastern possessions of the British and Dutch, cannot fail to render any such settlement of considerable importance. Setting future contingencies aside, we find that the area of the territory included within the boundaries above defined, is estimated to be three times the size of France ! An immense proportion of this area is yet beyond the range of settlement, although the territory B 18 POPULATION OF

at present occupied by our limited population extends over an area equivalent to that of Great Britain and Ireland. A vast expanse of it has not even, been traversed by the footsteps of the explorer, and it is often truly remarked that Queensland has come into the possession of a patrimony of which she scarcely knows either the extent or value.

-

II.-POPULATION OF QUEENSLAND ; HOW DISTRIBUTED.

AN Act was passed during the first parliamentary session, empowering the Government to-collect a Census of the population simultaneously with the performance of the same operation in all parts-of the British empire, and this object was accordingly effected on the night of the 7th of April, last year. Previously, however, to stating the result of this census, it may not be uninteresting, to the general reader if a few facts are stated showing the rapid increase of population. In the year 1846, the entire population of the Moreton Bay district,-which then comprised all who resided within the limits of the present colony,- amounted to no more than 2257 souls. Of these 829 were resident in Brisbane, and 103 in Ipswich,-those being the only townships then in existence, "thus leaving 1325 souls for distribution throughout the remainder of the settled districts. In 1851, four other townships had sprung into existence, and the urban population had increased to 4333 in all, while the entire district numbered 8575 In 1856, when a fresh census was taken by the Government of New South Wales, the population amounted in the aggregate to 17,082, according to the actual returns, but many QUEENSL* ND, &.C. 19 believe it t `' have been under -rated , rather than otherwise. This number ( 17,082 ) were scattered over an arga of 174,600 square miles , and the proportion of population to the square mile in the most thickly peopled districts amounted to no more than 1.70. At this time the urban population had been considerably augmented by the establishment of new centres of attraction , and the returns stood thus

Brisbane .. 4,395 Ips1yich 2,459 Drayton 263 Warwick 472 Dalby 109 Maryborough 353 Gayndah.. 15'2 Gladstone 224 P, Total 8,427

To this total should have been added the population of a settlement named Toowoomba, situated four miles from Drayton, and then unproclaimed as a township, the inhabitants of which amounted to fully 600 souls. This would bring the urban population up to 9000 on the 1st of March, 1856. Thus, in ten years, the inhabitants of the districts now included in the colony of Queensland had increased in number from 2000 to 17,000,- a circumstance which fully justified the remarks made by the Registrar- General of New South Wales in his Report, when he said The very high average of the Moreton Bay districtsis attributableto no gold discovery,but solely to the inherent richness of their resources, and to the high spiritof enterprisefor which the explorersand occupants of those districts have been so remarkable." It should also be remembered that this increase accumulated in spite of the opposing influences arising from the unwise administration of affairs by the New R* 20 POPULATION OP

South Wales government, and all the concomitant evils thence arising which presented barriers to the advancement of the unbefriended district. When this sketch was first sent forth to the public, the author was compelled, from the absence of reliable information as to the population of the colony,-to arrive at an approximate estimate by a series of, calculations, founded on the ratio of increase intformer years. Between the years 1851 and 1856, the ratio of increase was 92.03 per cent., and by accepting this as the basis of his calculations, the writer estimated the population at 30,000 on the 31st December, 1860, and it has afforded him some satisfaction to find that the grand total of the census returns--collected three months after that date-presents nearly the same figures, viz. :-30,059. An analysis of the census is given in the shape of an Appendix,* but it will render this chapter more complete if a few of the leading particulars are recounted here. In collecting the returns, the endeavour was made to gather the fullest information with regard to the number, sex, age, condition, occupation, native country, religion, and education of the whole population, -a task which, owing to the manner in which mere handefull of inhabitants are often scattered over vast tracts of territory in a young country, was somewhat difficult of performance. The Returns show the difference between the urban and country population to be as follows:- Total Town ...... 15.349 TotalCountry.. .. 14.711 It will thus be apparent3that the towns and villages absorb even more than 50 per cent. of the whole, as we have given above a statement of the number 6r- inhabitants in each urban centre in 1856, a similar statement for 1861 is here introduced:-

See Appendix I. QUEENSLAND , &C. 21

TOWN PORTION OF POLICE DISTRICTS, Towns . Males, Females . Total. Allora 32 23 55 *Brisbane ...... 3179 2872 6051 Condamine ...... 82 42 124 *Dalby ...... 240 207 447 *Drayton ...... 176 144 320 *Gayndah ...... 263 146 409 *Gladstone...... 122 93 215 Goondawindi ...... 51 19 70 *Ipswich ...... 1667 1620 3287 Ditto (Suburbs ) ...... 156 158 314 Laidley ...... 70- 56 126 Leyburn ...... 51 83 84 *Maryborough ...... 362 279 641 *Rockhampton ...... 439 259 698 Taroom ...... 44 19 68 •'1'oowoomba ...... 654 529 1183 *Warwick ...... 642 538 1180 Yaawba ...... 62 19 81

8292 7056 15,348 (The names marked with an asterisk (*) are those of chief towns.] The next Table gives the population of the Rural Portion of Police Districts:- RURAL PORTION OF POLICE DISTRICTS. Police Districts. Males. Females . Total. B ri sbane ...... 1498 1256 2754 Callandoon...... 353 143 496 Condamine ...... 341 122 463 Dalby...... 626 299 925 Drayton ...... 648 276 924: Gavndah...... 892 342 1234 Gladstone ...... 190 42 232 Ipswich...... 1661 1227 2888 Kennedy- ...... 70 16 86 Leichhardt...... 436 60 496 Maranoa ...... 500 154 654 Maryborough ...... 400 162 562 Nauango...... 340 142 482 Rockhampton ...... 434 83 517 Taroom ...... 441 97 538 Warwick ...... 999 461 1460 9829 4882 14,711 22 POPULATION OF

GRAND TOTAL.

Males Females . Total. Town Population...... 8292 7056 15,348 Country Population .. 9829 4882 14,111 18,121 11.938 30,059 A glance at the following figures will demonstrate bow evenly, and at the same time how rapidly- considering the absence of those extraordinary attrac- tions which such colonies as Victoria have presented- the population of this territory has increased.

Populationin 1846 (by census) .... 2,257 „ 1851 „ 8 575 1856 „ .... 17,082 „ 1861 „ .... 30,059 The Registrar-General's Report on the "Vital Statistics and Population" of the colony for the half year ending June 30th, 1861, states the number of inhabitants at that date-three months after the collection of the census-at 31,285. But so rapid are the spread of colonization over our vast territory, and the influx of population from Great Britain and the neighbouring colonies, that the reader will have to add an increase in the ratio of not less than 20 per cent. per annum to the above figures, if he should desire to arrive at an approximately correct estimate of the population at the time this brochure may fall into his hands. This part of our spbject may fitly be closed with a reference to the aboriginal population, who, here as elsewhere, are fast disappearing before the advance of civilization. Their present number has been set down at 15,000 in Queensland alone, but by,far the larger proportionof theseare scatteredover a territorywhere they still remain lords of their native soil, and where the vices and diseases which are consuming their fellows QUEENSLAND , &C. 23

in the (1 civilized" districts have not penetrated. The peculiar traits and habits of the Australian aborigine have been so often made the subject of remark by ethnological writers, and authors who have taken this continent for their subject, that we need not say much about them here. As a race they are quick-witted and intelligent, but cruel, treacherous, untameable, and essentially nomadic in their habits. Their native tongue is very expressive, and contains such a number of linguals as to entitle it to rank among the soft and beautiful of languages. That the race will ever conform to the industrious and frugal habits of Europeans is perfectly hopeless, and however melan- choly it may be to the christian or the philanthropist, it is nevertheless apparent that they are doomed to the fate experienced by so many other aboriginal nations- gradual extinction,

4---

m.-SITUATION , &c., OF CHIEF TOWN & l;RIsBANE, the capital of the colony, is beautifully situated, as before remarked, 22 miles from the mouth of the noble river of that name, and has a population of upwards of 6000, taking the area included within the municipality, or city proper. Here are centred the head offices of the various departments, and here, also, the principal commerce of the country is carried on. The municipal revenue, previous to the passing of a late Act (see Chapter V.), averaged £5000, derived from rates, ferry tolls, and government endowments in money, but it will now probably amount to nearly double that sum, for a few years at least. Brisbane comprises three electorates :-the city, returning three members ; South Brisbane, one ; and Fortitude Valley, one. 24 SITUATION, &C.,

Ipswich , the next in importance to Brisbane, is situated on the Bremer , a tributary of the Brisbane river, and is genera ll y described as being at 10the head of the navigation " because it is the extreme point of water communication in that direction. The distance between the two places, by the winding course of the rivers , is 44 miles , but they are also connected by an excellent road 25 miles in length. The population of Ipswich is 3600 , inclusive of the suburbs. The town , which was incorporated some six months after Brisbane, is a very thriving place, and will always occupy a position of great import- ance. The municipal revenue averages £3000, independent of the new endowment fr om land sale proceeds , and is derived fr om like sources with those of Brisbane . Ipswich returns three members to the Assembly. Toowoomba, which is also a municipa li ty, is situated in the centre of a large squatting district, at the summit of the Great Dividing Range, and on the eastern limit of the vast pastoral district of the Dar li ng Downs, all the produce of which passes through this town on its way to the shipping port. The population , by the last year 's census, was 1183. Toowoomba is 63 miles direct, or 85 miles distant by road fr om Brisbane , bearing in a W. JaS. direc ti on. Drayton , of which Toowoomba is an off- shoot- and which has been thrown into the shade by the rapid progress of the latter,-is only three miles distant fr om it. Together , these towns form the entrep &t of a large squatting district , and will, in process of time, probably become one large and flourishing centre of popula ti on and trade. They now form a joint electorate , returning one member. The inhabitants of Drayton number 320 souls. Warwick is the nearest town to the present boundary between our colony and New South Wales, OF CHIEF TOWNS. 25

has lately become a municipality, and also sends one member to the Assembly. It is situated on the river Condamine, in the southern part of the Darling Downs, and in the centre of a district which will one day be famous for its agricultural produc- tions. The population is 1180, and the town is distant from Brisbane 77 miles direct, or 100 miles vid Cunningham's Gap, (a pass in the great mountain range ,) or by the Spicer's Peak road, a similar pass three miles to the south of the Gap ; and 140 vid Drayton-the latter being the route adopted for the central line of telegraph. Warwick bears S.W. from Brisbane , and is 1800 feet above the sea level. Dalby is a small but well-situated and flourishing township in the electorate of the Northern Downs, distant about 106 miles direct, or 140 miles by road from Brisbane, from which it bears in a west by north direction. Population 450. Gayndah, a township in the Burnett district, is well placed for purposes of trade, and is 220 miles distant from Brisbane, and 85 from Maryborough, which is one of the outlets of the country in which it is situated. Population, upwards of 400. Maryborough is a municipal seaport town, situated 60 miles from the mouth of the river Mary, which disembogues into Wide Bay-the port proper of the district. The land in the vicinity of this town, and along the banks of the Mary river, has proved • of excellent quality for agricultural purposes, and it is believed that the Wide Bay or Maryborough district will, in time, be to Queensland what the Hunter River district is to New South Wales. The port is 150 miles north of Brisbane, and there is communi- cation between the two places both by land and sea, the latter route being preferable on account of the great advantage it affords in point of time. It is also the great outlet for the produce of the Burnett 26 SITUATION, &(',

squattages. Population, 650. Maryborough returns one member to the Assembly. Gladstone - which was the -scene of the abortive attempt made in 1846 to found a northern colony, as all uded to in our introdtietion-is another maritime town , situated at Port Curtis , about 110 miles north- west of Maryborough , and only one degree south of the Tropic of Capricorn. The rapid growth and superior attractions of its more northerly neighbour, Rockhampton - coupled with other causes, have some- what tended to lessen the estimation in which this place was held, and retard its progress ; but the copper mines recently discovered , and now being worked, in its neighbourhood , must eventually cause it to rank as a place of great importance , while the fine harbour it possesses will also aid its growth as the commerce of the country increases . Up to the time of separation , Gladstone remained a kind of pet township with the Sydney authorities, who appointed and maintained there-at great public expense, but to very little public purpose,-a ",government residency " Population, upwards of 200. Rockhampton - all uded to in the foregoing para- graph-a ffords a noteworthy example of the rapid settlement and growth of townships in a new country. The Fitzroy river - 45 miles fr om the mouth of which the town is situated - was first navigated by vessels seeking fr eight from the surrounding stations in 1855 , but in the July of 1858, gold was reported to be discovered in large quantities at Canoona, a spot 40 miles further up the river than the site of the present Rockhampton . Fabulous tales were told of the extreme richnesA of the ground , the surprising character of the yield , and the large size of the nuggets obtained, and one of those mad " rushes" occurred for which the gold regions of Australia and OF CHIEF TOWNS. -27

other countries are so famous. In two short months after the first announcement of the ' find," it was computed that 15,000 per5ts visited the so-called " field ." They came from all the other colonies in hordes- -sacrificing property , leaving home, family, and friends ; forsaking the desk, the counter, the workshop , and every kind of employment ;-a ll joining madly and heedlessly in the general stam- pede. The gold proved to have been distributed over a very limited surface , the " patch " was soon worked out , and then the return rush began. Ship and steam -packet owners - who had reaped a rich harvest by the traffic thither-laid on their vessels for the long train of disappointed diggers who -abandoned the field , and there were hundreds of unfortunate men who had lost their all by the foolish venture , and to whom the New South Wales and Victorian governments were obliged to extend a helping hand . Notwithstanding the disastrous con- sequences which followed the rush , a few diggers still remained upon the field at Canoona, and a moderately large population settled down on the site of Rockhampton . Town all otments were sold at a very high rate ; the tents and shanties of the first inhabitants gradually disappeared before the more pretentious erections of permanent residents ; and, contrary to the predictions of many pseudo -prophets, the decline of the township by no means foll owedas a natural sequence upon the wane of the gold field. From then till now, prosperity has been bountifu ll y accorded to Rockhampton , and the inhabitants are said to number not less than 800, though the Census returns only give 698 . The town was recently formed into a municipality , and will have, it is supposed , a tolerable revenue for local expenditure. The land on the banks of the river has been found to be admirably fitted for agriculture; more especially 28 FORM OF for the growth of semitropical productions, and there cannot be a question as. to the future success of such pursuits in that locality. In conjunction with Glad- stone, Rockhampton sends one representative to Parliament, who is styled the "hon. member for Port Curtis." We have now enumerated all the townships worthy of mention, within the limits of the new colony. There are several towns and villages in which residents are beginning to settle, and which are either eligibly situated in the centre of agricultural districts, on the shores of our bays, or on the banks of our rivers. To these, however, it is hardly worth while to allude in the limits of a sketch like this, where it is necessary, as far as possible, to avoid going into detail ; for our progress is so rapid that the statistics of the present year will be well nigh antiquated in the next.

IV.-FORM OF GOVERNMENT.

GREAT BInTAIN has so far profited by experience as to arrive at the conclusion that she cannot more surely secure to herself the loyalty and permanent adhesion of her colonies than by bestowing upon them free insti- tutions on the model of her own. Such a proceeding is worthy of the enlightenment of the age, and affords another evidence of the reality and soundness of that well-ordered liberty which is the boast of every Briton. Queensland is a possession of the British crown, but is a free and independent province of the empire. The Order of the Queen in Council in virtue of which Moreton Bay was separated from New South Wales, provided that the new colony should acppt a form of government as nearly resembling that existing GOVERNMENT. 29 in the older colony as circumstances would allow In accordance with the model tints prescribed we have a Governor who is appointed by the Crown, and who is its representative in the colony. The Executive Council is composed of gentlemen nominated by the Governor, but who, like the ministry at home, are responsible to the legislature, and, through that body, to the country There are two legislative chambers, called respectively the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. The Council is at present nominated by the Governor on behalf of the Crown ; but it may ere long be rendered elective , as a series of resolutions, affirming the desirability of such a change, were passed by its members during the last session of parliament. The Assembly is purely elective, and is composed at present of twenty- six members , representing sixteen electorates, containing , at the present time, upwards of 5000 electors . By the Statistical Register of Queensland for 1860, published about the middle of last year, we find that on the 31st December, 1860, there were 4790 electors on the rolls of the sixteen electorates , and that the representation was thus distributed

6 Urban, containing 2339 Electors, returning 10 members. 7 County „ 1502 11 3 Mixed „ 949 5

The country electorates thus enjoy a far larger share in the representation than the urban constituencies, and the proportion of members to the number of electors in each class is thus stated:-

Urban...... 1 Member to 233 Electors. Country ...... 1 1361 Mixed (town & country ) 1 „ 190

All the members of the Executive Council hold seats in the Assembly, and the first and second sessions of parliament passed over without our having 30 FORM OF experienced the sensation arising from that oft-recurring casualty ip the chapter of colonial accidents-a ministerial crisis. The only qualification required of candidates for parliamentary honors is, that they shall have their names recorded on some electoral roll within the colony, so that the door of the Assembly is open to anyone who may possess the confidence of a con- stituency. Under the New South Wales Electoral Act of 1858, the inhabitants of this colony enjoyed and exercised,previous to separation,the advantages of " manhood suffrage," but by the bungling of the Sydney Judges, who misconstrued the Queen's Order in Council, this privilege was abrogated, and the electoral franchise laid down in the Constitution Act of 184 *as foisted upon the colony. Under this franchise them' Legislative Assembly was constituted, and, as iti 'erwards proved, illegally so. The attention of His Excellency the Governor was called to this ille- gality by the Judge of the Supreme Court of the colony (Mr. Justice Lutwyche) immediately after the publication-on the 31st December, 1859-of Sir W. Denison's proclamation defining the electorates, and the opinion of the Sydney Judges with regard to the system of franchise that should be adopted. The only way to remedy the defect was found to be by the passing of an imperial statute, declaring the Acts of the Queensland Parliament legal and valid,--since the Governor was bound to assemble his parliament within six months after his arrival in the colony; and there would not, have been sufficient time to communicate with the Home Government on the subject, and have the error arising from the loosely-worded Order in Council rectified, before it would be necessary to call parliament together. The Imperial Act went through its last stages in the Home Parliament in the month of July (1861), and arrived in this colony in October. By its provisions (.OVERVMENT. 31

the Acts passed by the Queensland parliament during its two first sessions are declared legal and valid; and in addition to its retrospective effect, it declares the parliament to be legally constituted for all purposes of local legislation. The result of this declaration on the part of the Imperial Parliament will be, to deprive thosecolonists who had enjoyedand exercisedthe right of voting under manhood suffrage prior to separation of that privilege for an indefinite period, or until a measure of electoral reform be passed by our legis- lature. For the present, however, the electoral qualifica- tions are those laid down in the Constitution Act (N.S.W.) of 1855, and the following epitome,- showing in what those qualifications consist,-will demonstrate that the franchise is even now obtainable by almost every industrious man, within a few months after his arrival in the colony

Every man twenty -one years of age, who is either a natural-born or naturalized subject of Her Majesty ; dud who is either Owner of a fr eehold worth £ 100 above all charges and encumbrances, and which has been held in possession six months previous to the last registra- tion . [This latter proviso obtains also in connection with the quali fications arising from households , salary, and board and lodging.] Occupier of a house or tenement of the annual value of £l0; Leaseholder to the annual value of £10 , whose lease has not less then three years to run at the time of registration; Leaseholder to the amount aforesaid , three years of whose lease had expired previous to registration ; Holder of a pastoral license from the Crown ; Receivinga salaryof £ 100 a-year;or Paying £40 a -year for board and lodging . or £10 a-year for lodging only.

In each of these cases, the qualification must arise in the electoratefor which the vote is to be given. The only persons debarred from exercising the privilege of the franchise are criminals, and defaulters in respect of taxes, rates, rents, tolls, &c., which may have been clue more than three months previous to registration. Removal from one electorate to another of course involves renewed registration. This requirement tnay sometimes disfranchise a person because of the removal 32 LAWS AND having taken placedirectly after recording his name on the roll of the district from which he migrates ; but such a contingencymay be provided for, without difficulty, in any proposed reform bill. An Act passed during the first session abolished the system formerly prevailing of collecting the electoral lists. Independent of the expense to the treasury which this method involved, the inconve- niences and annoyances arising from the accidental or wilful omission of names, the mis-statement of qualifi- cations, and the occasional disguise of both name and residence under a mis-spelt and absurd substitute,- frequently deprived numbers of voters of their right, and led to innumerable heartburnings and disputes. Hence the abolition of the system, and the adoption of the more simple and effective method of registration, by which, in the February of each year, any person properly entitled may hand in his claim to the clerk of petty sessions in his district and have his name enrolled, unless objected to on valid and tangible grounds.

V.-LAWS AND MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS.

WHEN Queensland was separated from New South Wales, we became the inheritors of the laws at that time in force in that colony, she, in her turn, having derived most of them from the mother-country ; and until altered, amended, or repealed by our local Par- liament; these laws will remain in force. Chief among the Acts passed during the first session were those relating to the sale and occupation'of the waste lands of the colony, but to these we -shall have presently to refer while treating upon the manage- ment of the public estate, and we will now proceed to descant upon our Municipal, Institutions. MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS. 33

The municipal sytem of Queensland-with the exception of the few changes effected by an Act passed during the session of 1861-is identical with that of New South Wales, the law by which it was established having become law in the latter colony in October. 1858-long after the governments of Victoria and South Australia had extensively adopted such a system. Under this Act, the Governor may proclaim any city, town, hamlet, or rural district on the petition of fifty resident householders, provided that no counter-document, more numerously signed, be presented to the Executive within three months after the receipt of the first. The proposed boun- daries of each municipality are defined in the petition for incorporation, and the petitioners also have it in their power to decide upon its division into wards- all localities where the population exceeds 1000 being divided, if so desired, into three wards, returning three members each at the first election ; and where below that number, into two, also returning three members each. Three members-where the Council consists of nice-retiro annually, but are eligible for re-election, the date of the annual meeting for such purpose being the second Tuesday in February. The Mayor, or Chairman, is chosen by his brother Alder- men, or Councillors, as in England. At the first election, the parliamentary list of voters is made use of, those being entitled to have a voice in the selec- tion of councillors who are possessed of a freehold, leasehold, or household qualification ; but at each succeeding election, ratepayers only may exercise the privilege. A ll elections are by ballot, as in the case of parliamentary contests, candidates and their scru- tineers being entitled to be present. One peculiar feature about the system originally was, that every person elected by his brother burgesses was compelled to serve his term, or pay a penalty of X25; and if 34 LAWS AND

the Mayor or Chairman elect refused to serve, he was liable to a fine of X50; but the Queensland Act of 1861 abolished these penalties. The powers conferred on municipal councils are extensive, and admirably suited to the requirements of the country. They are empowered to make bye- laws for the good government of the municipality- to levy taxes and tolls-to take the management of public institutions, if required-to do, in fact, all that is necessary for the accomplishment of the first- named object. The properties liable to be rated are "all lands, houses, warehouses, counting-houses, shops, and other buildings within the limit of the municipality," whether occupied or not-thus pro- viding for the just taxation of speculators who may have purchased land and allowed it to lie waste until the advancement of the locality had rendered the property sufficiently valuable to satisfy their cupidity. All property is rated at its " fair, average, annual value," and the Act provides that the rates shall in no case exceed one shilling in the pound Such rates upon unoccupied property as it may be found im- possible to collect, on account of the absence of the owner, or other causes , remain as a charge upon the land or premises, and may be recovered at any time by the Council by process of law. Corporations also have power to borrow money, or to enter upon private land for purposes of drainage, &c. No provision was made by the Act of 1858 for land endowments, but the Government were empowered to bestow pecuniary aid from the public treasury for the first fifteen years in the following proportions In each of the first five years a sum equal to the amount raised by the rates, tolls, or taxes levied by the Corporation ; in each of the succeeding five years a sum equal to one moiety of the amount raised ; and in each of the last five of the fifteen, a sum equal to MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS. 35 one-fourth. Thus a corporation raising £3000 during the first five years has a like sum from the Govern- ment, making the annual income £6000. and so on, as above stated. The provisions of the Queensland Act of 1861, intituled, Q°An Act to Amend an Act for Establishing Municipal Institutions," confer additional powers, and bestow additional advantages, on incorporated towns. A short synopsis of the leading features of the Act will best explain its scope and purport. Clause 1 abolishes, as we previously stated, the fines inflicted by the Act of 1858 upon all persons who refused to serve when elected to any office, or who resigned such office after being elected. Clause 2 fixes the rate of assess- ment upon unoccupied lands at the ratio of 8 per cent. upon the actual value thereof, and provides that the assessment shall in no case be less than 10s. per annum. Clause 3 gives any municipal council the power of leasing unoccupied lands for a terms not exceeding 14 years, if the rates due upon such lands have not been paid for a period of four years. Due notice of the intention of the Council to lease such lands is to be published beforehand, and every effort must have been made to procure payment of the rates. The rents and profits arising from such lease are to be devoted by the corporation to the liquidaton of the assessments due at the time of leasing, and which may become due from year to year ; and whatever surplus there may be, after the corporation have deducted the rates from the rent, is to be banded over to the public treasury in trust for the individuals who may afterwards be found to be entitled to it. Should no claimant to the property become known at the termination of the 14 years, the lease may be renewed from year to year. This clause was framed in order to give to municipal councils the power of recovering rates or assessments levied upon unoccupied allotments, the owners of which have C* 36 LAWS AND

not been heard of for some time, and of whom no clue can be obtained. Severalsuch propertiesare to be found in Brisbane and other places, and their presence in the principalthoroughfares would greatlytend to retard the progress of improvement, if some such arrangement as that contemplated by the act were not carried into effect. Clause 4 empowers municipal bodies to borrow sums not exceeding the gross amount of three years' revenue, on the security of the entire revenue of the corporation, and at a rate of interest not exceeding 10 per cent. per annum. Clause 5 pro- vides an endowment for municipalities in addition to that above alluded to as being provided by the old act. Every year the government is empowered to pay out of the treasury a sum not exceeding one-third of the amount received during the preceding year on account of lands sold within the boundary of each such muni- cipality ; and where more than one-half of the lands within such boundary have already been alienated, the sum so payable may be increased to one-half . The only other provision of the act which it is necessary to notice here is one by which each burgess is compelled to vot , for the full number of candidates to be elected, in order to counteract in some degree the evil effects of the " plumping " system. The powers of self -government thus placed within the reach of the colonistshave of late been more readily availed of than formerly. Opposition to incorporation was commonly the work of those whose vacant pieees of ground were scattered in all direc- tions over our townships, rendering their appearance unsightly, and in many instances proving an actual bar to their advancement. At the time the first edition of this pamphlet was published, Brisbane and Ipswich were the only localities where municipal institutions had been established, but Toowoomba, Rockhampton, Maryborough, and Warwick, have MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS. 37

sincebeen incorporatedin the order in which their names are mentioned. The time will come, too, when our rural districts will be led to appreciate the privileges bestowed by incorporation, and when Parliament will not be asked to vote every paltry pound required for purposes of local improvement. It is probable, moreover, that as the Legislature has now wisely determined upon conferring increased endowments on all municipalities, a fresh amount of vigor will be infused, resulting in a more wide-spread adoption of this excellent system.

VI.-EDUCATION AND RELIGION.

OUR first parliamentary session was happily signalized by the passing of two excellent measures relating to education, and by the grant of a noble sum of money for educational purposes. £10,000 may seem a small vote when compared with the amounts granted by the Legislatures of older colonies; but, in our case, it was no less than one-eighteenth part of our first year's revenue, and we are a young country,just enteringupon our political existence . Of this grant, £3000 was to be devoted to the foundation of Grammar Schools, and £7000 to the establishment of Primary Schools, in accordance with the provisions of the Grammar Schools and Primary Education Acts-the measures above alluded to. The first-mentioned of these Acts empowers the Government to grant a sum of £2000 towards the building of a Grammar School in any locality in which a sum of £1000 shall have been contributed by donation or subscription-the Government subsidy being paid into the hands of seven trustees, four of whom shall be 38 EDUCATION AND RELIGION. nominated by the Executive , and three elected by the donor or subscribers . These trustees , upon their ap- pointment , become a body politic, in whom the manage- ment and control of the school are vested , and may hold office for three years, with eligibility for re-election or re-appointment . Wherever the school fees amount to £250 annua ll y, the Government are authorized to grant a yearly sum of £500, which amount is devoted to defraying working expenses . Ten per cent. of the annual endowment may be reserved for scholarships or exhibitions to universities, if the Executive think fit; and the Government are also empowered to bestow a land endowment to the value of £2000 upon each school . Thus it will be seen that the Legislature was disposed to deal most liberally with this important question , as far as regards the establishment of Grammar Schools ; but a difficulty has already arisen as to the application of the Act . No movement was made for the establishment of a Grammar School in any part of the Colony until the arrival of the Right Rev. Dr. Quinn ( Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church), when applications were made on be half of that denomination for the grants specified in the Act for the foundation of Grammar Schools in Brisbane , Ipswich, and other towns, the necessary amounts having been raised by voluntary contributions . An outcry was immediately commenced against this movement ; the opponents averring that it was an attempt to introdu ce a wide-spread system of sectarian education , and hence , in direct violation of the spirit of the system embodied in the legislative enactments - the purely National . Bishop Quinn and his supporters claim the grants for which they have applied, as be ing fairly entitled to them by the letter of the law as it stands ; while their opponents object to the grants be ing paid unless other denominations , who are willing to co-operate , are allowed to participate in the benefits to be derived from the establishment of EDUCATION AND RELIGION. 39

Grammar Schools - contending that the pecuniary aid thus afforded would only take the form of State aid to religion, and be opposed to the spirit of the educational system existing in the Colony. The Right Rev. gen- tleman , however, rested his claim on the precise terms of the endowment clause of the Act, by which he was undoubtedly justified in preferring it. Formal appli- cation was made in due course to the Government. After some deliberation, the Executive decided on non- compliance , and the matter at present rests in abeyance. Meanwhile , steps are being taken by the community of Ipswich to establish a Grammar School on an unseetarian basis, and, when the result of their efforts becomes apparent , other towns will doubtless bestir themselves in like manner. The Primary Education Act provides for the estab- lishment of a National System of Education throughout the Colony, and the gradual abolition of the Denomi- national or sectarian Schools . All matters relating to Primary Schools are managed , and all school property is vested , in a "Board of General Education," consist- ing of five persons, appointed by the Executive, with a chairman in addition , who must be a Minister of the Crown representing the Government either in the Legis- lative Council or Assembly. The Board is empowered to make rules and bye -laws, but it is provided that they shall be in accordance with the spirit of the National System, and that they shall have the approval of the Governor , and be laid before the Legislature. Any Primary School that may submit to the supervision and inspection of the Board, and conform to the regulations made , is entitled to assistance ; but no money can be granted for building purposes unless the fee simple of the property be vested in the Board . All schools receiving aid under the Act are to be periodically visited by paid inspectors , and pecuniary assistance is to be withdrawn from any school which is not conducted in 4 0 EDUCATION AND RELIG10N. accordance with the regulations . Certain hours are set apart in each school , during which the children may receive special religious instruction from the minister of the denomination to which their parents belong, and the Board cannot interfere with the time thus set apart. The Board has the option of devoting 5 per cent. of the funds at their disposal to the granting of exhibitions to one or other of the Grammar Schools of the Colony, and a certain proportion also to the establishment of training and industrial schools. A strenuous effort has been , and is being , made by Bishop Tufnell , of the Church of England , and a small following , to deprive the system of its national cha- racter by obtaining aid from the Board for Denomina- tional Schools without complying with the regulations. Happily, however, the Board have maintained their position , and, although Bishop Tufnell succeeded in bringing about the appointment of a parliamentary committee last year, it is not likely that he will gain much ultimately-either in the furtherance of his pur- poses or the esteem of the public - by his factious opposition . The committee - who, by the way, were actua ll y appointed to inquire into the working of a system which had barely existed for twelve months- brought up a " Progress Report " at the end of the session , which the House wisely refused to adopt. Such, then , are the facilities afforded by our young Legislature for the education of the rising generation in this Colony , and we believe that good is already resulting from the efforts thus made . Such a system as the National is especially adapted to a country like this, where the population is sparsely distributed over a vast extent of territory, and where it would be im- possible either for the different sects to support a school of their own in each district , or for the majority of parents to provide instruction for their children. Although no Grammar School has yet been estab- EDUCATION AND RELIGION. 41 lished in connection with the Act before referred to, the Board of Education have had ample employment furnished to them , in considering the applications made to them from all parts of the country for aid to Primary Schools. While there were only three National Schools in existence at the close of 1860, viz., at Brisbane, Drayton, and Warwick, the system has so- extended itself , and become so generally appreciated, that schools have either been , or are about to be, established at Ipswich , Toowoomba , Gayndah , Dalby, Maryborough, Gladstone , Rockhampton , Little Ipswich , Leyburn, Fortitude Valley, South Brisbane ,. Eagle Farm and German Station (for these two localities conjointly), and Warrill Creek. Thus the Colony will be pretty well provided with schools, and the intending emigrant from Europe need have no forebodings as to the lack of educational means for the training of his children. The fees paid by the scholars are very small in pro- portion to the amount of advantages afforded by the system of teaching adopted - ranging from 6d. to Is. 6d per week for each ; and there are very , very few persons in this Colony who cannot afford to pay such a small sum ; and few , we are happy to say, who are unwilling to pay it. A large per centageof the populationcon- sists of persons who have felt the need of education themselves , and who are therefore desirous that their offspring should be better cared for in this respect; and we could point to instances in which men of very meagre acquirements themselves have bestowed a first-class education on their sons and daughters. The Statistical Register for the year ending 31st De ember , 1860 , supplies us with the following figures : -There were existing at that date three National or Primary Schools , attended by 306 scholars ; eleven Denominational Schools (seven Church of England, and four Roman Catholic ), attended by 757 scholars; twenty -seven private schools, numbering 827 pupils ; 4 2 EDUCATION AND RELIGION. and twenty-one Sabbath Schools,supplying religious training to 1279 children . These figures cannot be relied upon as indicative of the present state of our educational institutions , schools having rapidly increased in number. In none of the Australian Colonies is there a dominant church . Every sect in Queensland is left to its own resources , the State merely continuing the stipend to the ministers who were in receipt of it at the time of the passing of the State Aid Discontinuance Act. The Civil List appended to the Orders in Council provides for the annual appropriation of £1000 to the purposes of public worship , and of this sum £750 will be dis- tributed among six ministers - three Church of England, two Roman Catholics , and one Presbyterian-so long as they shall continue to reside and officiate within the Colony . At their death or removal the aid ceases, and the whole system will gradually become extinct. There will then be no cause for the unhappy dissensions that have ever prevailed in colonial communities where State interference in religious matters is permitted, and voluntaryism will have full scope for the development of its powers. It will be readily conceived from this that the utmost toleration is permitted , and that all persuasions are held in respect by the laws. Such is the fact, and in no country under heaven is greater freedom of opinion enjoyed, nor is there one in which the Sabbath is better observed, wherever the people have the privilege of availing themselves of the ordinances of religion. Each persuasion is well represented in the Colony,- the Church of England having thirteen clergymen, inclusive of Bishop Tufnell ; the Roman Catholics , eight, including Bishop Quinn ; the various Presbyterian Churches , seven ; the Wesleyans , four ; the Indepen- dents , three ; the Baptists , four ; the Lutherans, one ; the Primitive Methodists , one;-forty -one ministers EDUCATION AND RELIGION. 43

in all. The number of churches , chapels, and places where services are held, is about forty , affording accom- modation for nearly 7000 persons . Various other religious edifices have either been commenced, or are projected , in the capital and elsewhere. When the census of last year was taken , the objec- tionable plan of endeavoring to ascertain the numbers connected with each sect was pursued ; but, as in all other cases of the kind , no positive reliance can be placed on the returns. A very large per centage of persons put themselves down as being connected with this or that church , when they are either perfectly godless, and have not attended a place of worship for years, or call themselves by the name of a particular sect because their fathers before them were members of it. The hypothetical and debateable nature of such returns' has been long acknowledged by able statists, and it would have been just as well if the Queensland Parliament had omitted the " Religion " column from the form of census paper embodied in the Act. How- ever , the reader must be permitted to enjoy his own opinion as to whether the figures are reliable or not ; they are accordingly given below

IN TOWN PORTION OF POLICE DISTRICTS.

MALES. FEMALES . TOTAL. Church of England 3691 2883 .. 6574 Presbyterians ...... 955 806 .. 1761 Independentsand Congregation- 264 244 .. 508 alists ...... I Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists 436 375 .. 811 Other Protestants (including Bap- 664 491 ,. 1155 tiststista)) ...... Roman Catholics ...... 2076 2218 •• 4294 Hebrews ...... 24 18 .. 42 Mahommedans and Pagans ...... 107 1 .. 108 Other Persuasions ...... 19 8 .. 27 Unspecified ...... 56 12 .. 68 44 EDUCATION AND RELIGION.

RURAL PORTION OF POLICE DISTRICTS.

MALFS. FEMALES TOTAL. Church of England ...... 4627 2218 6845 Presbyterians ...... 1252 687 1939 Independents and Congregation-) 114 78 192 alists Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists 339 285 624 Other Protestants (including Bap- 837 327 1164 tilts) Roman Catholics ...... 2121 1261 3382 Hebrews ...... 7 0 7 Mahommedans and Pagans ...... 297 0 297 Other Persuasions ...... 13 3 16 Unspecified ...... 222 23 245

TOTAL OF EACH SECT IN THE COLONY.

MALES. FEMALrs. T OTAL. Churchof England...... 83.8 5101 .. 13419 Presbyterians ...... 2207 1493 .. 3700 Independents and Congregation. ) 322 .. 700 alists f 378 Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists 775 660 .. 1435 Other Protestants (including Bap, l 1501 818 2319 tilts ) ...... Roman Catholics ...... 4197 3479 7671, Hebrews ...... 31 18 49 Mahommedans and Pagans ...... 404 1 405 Other Persuasions ...... 32 11 43 Unspecified ...... 278 35 313

The great want of the Colony in a religious point of view, is a thoroughly organized system of itinerant ministration, similar to that which has been found so effective in the back-woods of Canada. The ministers stationed in the towns occasionally travel on a pastoral tour through the bush, going from station to station ; but these visitations have, unfortunately, been so fre- quently identified in the minds of the squatters with applications for money, that the cause of religion has EDUCATION AND RELIGION. 45

been rather injured than furthered. The Catholics and Wesleyans have been generally successful in their itinerating efforts ; and, since the arrival of their respective Bishops in the Colony, the English and Roman Catholic Churches have established a system of pastoral visitation in the bush. Missions are also being formed by the Baptists and Independents, and, as the population of Queensland increases , we are encouraged to hope that there is sufficient religious vitality among the different sects to meet the requirements of the times.

VII.-CAPABILITIES OF THE SOIL.- NATURAL ADVANTAGES AND RESOURCES.

THE productive qualities of the soil of Queensland are superior to those of other Australian Colonies, eitherfor pastoralor agriculturalpurposes. In the latter particular, the scrubs and forest lands in the vicinity of the rivers and their tributaries, are capable of being made to yield almost every variety of grain, fruit, and spices peculiar to the tropical and temperate zones -the eastern side of the Dividing Range being admirably adapted for the growth of the former, and the table lands on the west side of the same range excelling in the productions of the latter. The great extent of the Queensland territory, both in latitude and longitude, enables its inhabitants to cultivate , success- fully, those productions suited to the varied degrees of temperature experienced therein. We therefore find the English potatoe, the cabbage, the turnip, the carrot, the varieties of beans and peas, growing in close proximity to the pine-apple, banana, orange, sugar cane, arrowroot, &c. 46 CAPABILITIES OF

In the productions of the field, recent experiments have fully borne out the preconceived opinions of agri- culturists , that wheat can be profitably grown upon both sides of the mountains . The wheat on the coast side comes to maturity about the end of October, or the beginning of November ; but upon the Western or Downs side, it is found to ripen nearly a month later. Oats and barley , as well as wheat , produce abundant crops upon the table lands. Indian corn, or maize , also yields abundant crops, particularly upon the rich soils recently cleared of scrub tim be r. Such localities require no manure for years . After the maiden crop has been gathered , the English and sweet potatoes are grown profitably on the -same ground,-the former producing two crops per annum : the summer crop being fit to dig for market in November , and the autumn crop about the month of June; the planting season for the summer crop being in August , and for the autumn in March, Along the coast line from the Clarence to the northern boundary of occupation, com- prising some eight degrees of latitude, most , if not all, the productions of the Indies, South America , and not a few of those of Africa, may be successfully, and therefore profitably , cultivated . The hill slopes, from their base to the summit , are found to be admirably adapted for the cultivation of the vine, olive, indigo, cinchona , cinnamon , cocoa , allspice, tamarind , nutmeg, clove, tea, coffee , orange , cotton , &c. ; and upon the rich extensive lands in the glens or valleys of the rivers near the coast, the sugar cane , arrowroot, ginger, tobacco , banana, &c., can be produced in the. highest perfection. There are, perhaps , few plants introduced into the Colony so interesting to the agriculturist - particularly if residing near the coast-as the Cotton -plant, the Sugar -cane, Arrowroot , and Ginger ; and a few remarks on the mode of their culture will perhaps be acceptable. THE SOIL, &C. 47

The growth of COTTON by free labour in a British colony is a subject of imperial, as well as colonial, importance; and there is little doubt but that cotton will become, before long, one of our chief exports. The attention of the great manufacturers in England is already directed to the peculiar facilities for its culti- vation afforded by the soil and climate of Queensland ; flourishing companies have been formed in the colony for the purpose of growing it on a large scale ; and we have millions of acres admirably fitted for the production of the most valuable kinds of this plant. In a speech recently delivered at Manchester, Mr Bazley, M.P., said- " About five years ago a few bags of Moreton Bay Cotton were shipped to Liverpool, and I saw at once that with such vastlysuperior cotton, yarn could be produced finer than any that could be manufactured in India or Great Britain. I bought that cotton, carried it to Manchester, and spun it into exquisitely fine yarn. I found that the weavers of Lancashire could not pro- duce a fabric from it, it was so exceedingly delicate; the weavers of Scotland could not weave it; nor could even the manufacturers of France weave this yarn into fine muslin. It occurred to we to send it to Calcutta, and in due time I had the happiness of receiving from India some of the finest muslin ever manufactured, the produce of the skill of the Hindoos with this delicate Australian cotton. At the Paris Exhibition, some of this muslin was placed in the same glass case with a large golden nugget from Australia, and the two attracted much attention. The soil and climate of Queensland are capable of producing, with proper care, 600 lbs. yearly per acre of this exquisitely fine cotton. Two crops could be grown each year ; I value this cotton at Is. 3d. per pound, which would be equal to £40 per acre. This is no over estimate, for I have recently given Is. 3d. per pound for Aus- 48 CAPABILITIES OF

tralian cotton. Now £40 per acre is an enormous yield for any agricultural product; and I do not think such a profitablereturn could be obtained in any other country. Judging by what is done in the United States, a man with his family in Queensland could cultivate ten acres of land, which would yield £400 per annum -a very high rate of profit." Mr. Walter Hill, the Superintendent of the Botani- cal Gardens, Brisbane, lately contributed to the leading local journal, the Courier, the following particulars relative to the mode of cultivating the plant :- 11In compliance with your request respecting the cultivation of the Gossypium herbaceum (or Sea Island Cotton) I have much pleasure in making you acquainted with the results of two experiments made in our garden. In the months of September, 1857 and 1858, a half an acre of ground on an open situation, of a sandy loamy soil, was selected and dug one spade deep for the cultivation of the Sea Island Cotton Plant. Previously to planting, the seeds were steeped in water during some hours ; they were afterwards rolled in sand in order entirely to separate them from each other. This process very much acceleratestheir germination . In the month of October, the seeds were planted in rows, four feet distance from each other; two or three seeds were dropped in each hole, because some of them are liable to rot in the ground ; the seedswere covered with earth one inch thick. The plants made their appearancein about eight days. At about the end of four weeks the ground was care- fully weeded, and those plants which were the weakest were drawn, and only one plant left in the hole. The ground was frequently hoed and kept free from weeds. When the plants were about five months old, they showed signs of flowering. The stems and branches were thinned, and about an inch was broken off from the end of each shoot to determine the sap of the THE SOIL, &C. 49 capsules. The time of the seeds coming to maturity was little more than six months after they had been planted. This period, is, however, well indicated by the spontaneous bursting of the capsule, or seed pod. In gatheringthe fibrecare was taken to withdraw it from the capsule, leaving the empty husks upon the plant. This work was always performed as soon as possible after the fibre displayed itself, for long expo- sure to the sun injures its color. The fibre and seeds of one hundred plants were kept separate in gathering each season. Each plant produced 11 ounces of seed and 4 ounces of fibre, yielding at the rate of 1871 lbs. 6 ounces of seed and 680 lbs. 8 ounces of fibre per acre. Samples of the fibre were forwarded to England with the view of testing its quality and value. The report received stated the fibre appeared to the eye to be of excellent quality, and its value would be from 2s. to 2s. 6d. per lb. in London. I may state that the Sea Island Cotton Plant is a perennial here, and improves in quantity and quality for two or three years, after which period it will be liable to degenerate. I may also mention that this plant is of easy cultivation, and quite within the scope of any ordinary man's ability who can use a spade or hoe. The most important operation is the picking of the fibre, as the pods ripen and open out, and that can be easily performed by the younger branches of a man's family." During the year 1860 two local companies were formed for the cultivation of cotton on an extensive scale, and their operations have been actively and energetically commenced. The plantation of the company which was originated in Brisbane is situated on the Cabulture River, a small stream which empties itself into Moreton Bay twenty miles to the north- ward of the embouchure of the river Brisbane, and consists of scrub land of premier quality, which had not been disturbed by the clearing axe or plough n 50 CAPABILITIES OF previous to its acquisition by the company. The company formed at Ipswich long ago commenced their operations on a portion of the property known as the Booval Estate , which they succeeded in obtaining in a cleared state, ready for immediate ploughing. Independent of the beneficial results which may be hopefully anticipated from the labors of these com- panies, private individuals have also taken up land on the banks of the Mary and Calliope with the same. object in view ; and recent intelligence from England informs us that an influential cotton company is be ing formed , at home with a capital of £50, 000, intending to carry on operations in this colony . Altogether, the prospects of our speedily ranking cotton on our list of exports were never more probable of fulfilment, and we look forward with pleasurable anticipation to the successful solution of the problem - whether cotton cannot be profitably cultivated in Queensland by European labor only. The SUGAR-CANE (or Saccharum ofcinarum.)-Tbe nature of the soil and mode of culture have a con- siderable effect on the size of the plants. In a favor- able soil and in new and moist lands it reaches to the height of 16 feet, while in dry and light soils it does not exceed six feet . When a plantation is to be formed, the land should be prepared by digging or ploughing to the depth of eight to ten inches deep, and cleared of all weeds. The ground is then divided by parallel trenches about four feet asunder and 18 inchesdeep , the earthturned out and laidon between the trenches . The trenches be ing finished, the planter should proceed , in the months of October or November , to plant horizontally in their bottoms, at four feet distance from each other , the shoots or tops of the canes of the former season . These are of such length as to have two or three buds in each- generally about nine inches. A portion of the earth is then THE SOIL , &C. 51

thrown on the shoots, and as the buds rise above the ground, more soil is gradually added until the whole of the earth taken out of the trenches has been accu- mulated round the young plants. The ground should be frequently hoed and weeded during the growth of the plants. The canes come to maturity in 12 months. The planting does not require to be renewed annually, as the roots and stoles of the cane of the former year being left, from these fresh canes spring up, and are nearly as large as in the first year. This plan may be continued for severalyears, provided the roots are furnished every season with a liberal supply of manure, and the ground about them is well loosened, and all weeds carefully removed. The Maranta Arundinacea and Canna edulis.-These are both indigenous to South America, and each species yields excellent ARROWROOT. Their mode of culture is easy and simple. The soil most suitable for their growth is a rich light loam ; the ground where it is intended to form a plantation should be pre- pared by digging or ploughing six to eight inches deep, October being the best month for planting. The root should be divided, and planted singly in rows four feet asunder, and two feet apart in the rows ; the ground frequently hoed, and kept clear of weeds during the season of growth. In about nine months the roots are ready for digging up, and the process for making the arrowroot is as follows. The roots are carefully washed in clean water, and then either grated or beaten into a pulp in a large wooden mortar. The pulp is next thrown into a quantity of clear water, and after thorough agitation all the fibrous matter is collected with the band, squeezed, and thrown out, and the remaining milky fluid contains the farina, mixed with water and a portion of the remaining fibrous matter. This latter is separated by straining through a sieve, after which the liquid is allowed to rest, the starch D* 52 CAPABILITIES OF subsides to the bottom , and the water is drained of. The white pasty residuum is again washed in clear water and allowed to subside as be fore. If a very fine article is required , the process of washing should be repeated . The powder is finally spread on clean white cloths , and dried in the sun , and in this state is fit for use It will keep for any length of time , providing it isprotected from moisture. Zingiber o icinale , or GISG EB. This is a perennial root , which creeps and increases under ground in tubrous joints , from each of which arises a green reed- like stalk of about two feet in height. The stem is annual . It is propagated by division of the roots, and flourishes best in a rich peaty soil . The land prepared should be dug or ploughed to the depth of twelve inches, and the roots planted in Octo be r, in rows two feet distance from each other. The land should be frequently hoed and kept free of weeds during the period of growth . The ginger of commerce is dis- tinguished into black and white , but the difference of color depends wholly on the mode of preparation, for in both of the kinds the tubers are allowed to be ripe- that is, the roots are taken up after the annual stalks are withered. For the black, they are scalded in boil- ing water, and then dried in the sun ; and for the white they are scraped clean and dried carefully with- out be ing scalded , the be st and soundest roots are selected for the latter process . When a preserve is to be made of the roots, they are dug up in the sap, the stalk not be ing more than eight inches high. The young roots are scalded ; then washed in cold water, and afterwards peeled . This process lasts fcr three or four days , during which time the water is fr equently changed . When the cleaning is complete the tu be rs are put into jars , and covered with weak syrup of sugar, and after a day or two the weak syrup is removed and replaced by a stronger. THE SOIL , &C. 51

Having thus briefly touched upon the varied capa- bilities of the soil , we sha ll now refer to the

NATURAL ADVANTAGES AND RESOURCES OF QUEENS- LAND.

Here an endless field of inquiry is opened up, and, to the mind of the enterprising man of business, these are topics which present features of considerable interest - particularly as to the pastoral, agricultural, and mineral productiveness of the Colony . If we con- template the rapid pro gress of the squatting , or, more correctly speaking , the grazing , interest during the past ten or fifteen years , we may presume that, as the new tracts of fine country to the northward and westward are opened out and occupied , the increase of stock during the next five or seven years will be un- precedented in the annals of colonization . In 1845, the exports of pastoral produce amounted to X40,000: in 1860 they reached to nearly half a million in money value. The country lately explored by the enterprising pioneer squatters , far to the northward of Rockhamp- ton, is descri be d as abounding in natural grasses, capable of sustaining immense quantities of stock. Leichhardt , in reporting upon the country about lati- tude 23 ° S., in his overland journey of 1844, says, " I left the Mackenzie and travelled in a north-west direction . In an extent of 25 miles we passed long stretches of thick scrub and of fine open narrow -leaved ironbark forests , of box flats, and of plains, the latter of rich black soil - strewed over with pieces of fossil wood-- changed into ironstone and silex ; some of the finest country with rich grass and herbs , plenty of water, open forest and plain, with honey sweet as that of Hymettus ; with plenty of game; the air fragrant with wild thyme and marjoram ." The same authority affirms that in the valley of the Mackenzie, layers of 54 CAPABILITIES OF

fine coal were found identical with the formation of the Newcastle coal . These facts , coupled with a know- ledge of the limited quantity of land already occupied by sheep and cattle, prove the splendid opening which the new Colony of Queensland presents to the man of moderate means for the safe and profitable investment of his money in breeding stock; independent of the probability of his being able to sell the lease of his run or station - after a few years profitable occupation-at from £1000 to £5000 . Stations on the Darling Downs have changed hands at almost fabulous prices,-ranging from £20,000 to even £70 ,000-although conveying only to the purchaser the right of depasturing stock upon the land leased from the Government. A country embracing so large an extent of territory, and situated as it is in a corresponding latitude south of the equator to Egypt on the north - though with a more healthy and invigorating climate-must, in the very nature of things , be looked upon as eminently productive. The east, or lower province - from lati- tude 28° to 23 °- has be en already proved to be capable of bearing all or most of the tropical productions of the earth ; whilst the upper , or western province -- which has an elevation of some 1800 to 2000 feet above the eastern portions of the colony - is capable of growing the finest wheat, oats , and barley that can be produced in Australia ; and English fruits also arrive there at great perfection. Millions of acres of the best possible land are open for the occupation of the industrious man. Unlike the forests of America , the land, generally speaking (except in the scrubs bordering the numerous rivers and water courses ), is but lightly timbered, Are- a mting the appearance of some nobleman's park in the old country . Agricultural operations have hitherto been confined , from want of experience and labor, to very narrow limits, but the time is rapidly arriving when this branch of industry will receive accessions THE SOIL, &C. 55 both of skill and capital, and when the settler will discover by the results of experience that the two pursuits of agriculture and wool-growing may be profit- ably combined. Coal of a superior quality has been for some time procured from pits sunk on the banks of the Brisbane and Bremer Rivers, not far from the junction of the two streams , and the steamers trading in Queensland have been accustomed to use it. for years past. The principal and most extensive colliery is that of Messrs. J. Campbell, Son, and Another , at Redbank, on the Brisbane , where fresh seams of coal, each superior to the one previously worked, are being constantly opened, thanks to the enterprise and energy of the proprietors. The operations of the firm are rapidly extending, and although their works may be said to be still in an infant state , some hundreds of tons of coal are raised per week from their pits, and brought down to the capital in punts and steamers. The indications of carboni- ferous wealth observable throughout the tract of country lying be tween the rivers named and the Great Dividing Range, and in other parts of the Colony also , afford gratifying evidence of the inex- haustible supply of this valuable article at our disposal. Since the publication of the first edition of this sketch , several v al uable and extensive deposits of copper ore have been found in the country near Port Curtis and Rockhampton , among the Calliope and other ranges ; and, from the intelligence that is constantly arriving of fresh " finds," the inferen ce may fairly be dedu ced that an immense amount of miner al wealth exists in that part of the Colony . The results of assays that have been made show a per centage of copper varying from 35 to 70 in the ore of different localities, and Mr. Manton, sen.,-who was, we believe, the original discoverer ,- has been heard to say that in the whole course of his mining experiences, extending over a 56 CAPABILITIES OF period of several years, and acquired in various countries , he never met with a richer ore. Mr. Manton, the Hon . Captain O' Connell, and other fortunate proprietors , are now working their mines as well as the appliances and hands available will permit, and some hundreds of tons of ore will, it is anticipated, be shipped direct for England during the current year. Indications of gold, tin , and iron are to be found in our mountain ranges, and specimens of each of these minerals have, from time to time, been procured and tested, but the want of capital has hitherto pre- vented the development of the resources of the Colony in these particulars . A gold prospecting party, fitted out at the public expense , has been recently engaged in searching the country , with the hope of discovering a payable gold -field, but the expedition proved unsuccess- ful. Stone of excellent quality for building purposes can be obtained from the neighbourhood of most of our towns ; and marbles of a very excellent description hive been discovered at Warwick and Port Curtis. The wealth of Queensland in forest productions is scarcely to be estimated , most of her timbers being of a_kind exceedingly valuable for building and manu- facturing purposes To enumerate a few of the varieties is all that we can attempt in these pages , and this we shall do as follows :-The Moreton Bay Pine (,Pious Cunninghamii), a splendid and handsome tree , the wood of which is said to be superior to that grown in the forests of Canada . The Bunya Bunya (Pinus Bidwel- liana ), another species of pine, grows plentifully in that portion of the northern country lying between the 25th and 26th parallels of latitude . This tree is remarkable for its great height - sometimes measuring 200 feet, for the singularity of its growth and foliage , and for the peculiar properties of its cone or fruit, which is held to be a great dainty by the blacks, and resembles the chest- nut in flavor . The Red Cedar of our river districts is THE SOIL , &C. 57 one of the best and most beautiful woods for manufactur- ing purposes in the Colony , and the Iron Bark is not only valuable in building , but is remarkably adapted, both in strength and durability , for ship building, and for constructing bridges, wharves , and also for railway sleepers. In addition to these may be named the Blue Gum, Box, Violet Wood, Silk Oak, Tulip Wood, and Forest Oak, all of which are plentiful, and the timber exceedingly useful . Independent of these there are a num be r of others , such as the cypress pine , the satin and yellow-wood trees, and a host of eucalypti. Of native flowers there are a few, but a large variety of exotics may be grown with safety in the open air. Our dense scrubs abound with vegetation of the richest and most beautiful kind ; and a quantity of plants-useful both in commerce and in physic-have already been discovered. Lastly, Queensland is not without her share of ocean wealth. Shoals of fish of every variety and species frequent our coasts , but although the islands scattered over the broad expanse of Moreton Bay afford most eligible sites for the formation of fisheries, the trade is at present almost confined to the few who follow the occupation of dugong-catchingfor the sake of the oil-the medicinal properties of which are said to be even superior to those of cod-liver oil. The bays to the northward also abound in every variety of the finny The pearl oyster is found in such large quantities as to justify the hope that a pearl -fishery may one day be established on our coast, and it may be mentioned that at the Paris Exhibition of 1854, a prize medal was awarded to one of our colonists (Mr. C. Coxen , M.L.A.), for his be autiful specimens of " Moreton Bay pearls." Thus both earth and sea unite in be stowing upon the inhabitants of this Colony abundant advantages for the acquisition of wealth. The bowels of the earth will 58 CLIMATE OF yield up to the enterprise of man their mineral treasures ; while our forests are rich in the choicest woods, and our soil in products of which we can as yet form but a faint conception.

VIII.-CLIMATE OF QUEENSLAND.

The climate of this Colony has been strangely mis- represented in England and elsewhere, and those who have been accustomed to regard this part of Australia as a region fit only for the residence of salamanders, will be astonished to find that the nearest approxima- tion to our genial clime is found in the sunny island of Madeira, whither invalid Englishmen 'are wont to resort for the renovation of their health. The best information we can give on this subject is contained in a lecture delivered by Dr. Barton, House-surgeon of the Brisbane Hospital, and Meteorological Observer to the Government, whose thorough acquaintance with the s,Ibject justifies an implicit be lief in his statements. The extract is somewhat lengthy, but the importance of the topic treated is a sufficient apology for inserting it entire :-

" I have now to consider the climate of this country, more particularly this Colony, and principally this place. Humboldt divided the hemispheres each into six spaces or belts, from the knowledge that their temperature was nearly similar; the lines in the direction of, but not generally parallel to, the equator, he called isothermal belts or zones. Thus, in the northern hemisphere, London, New York, and Pekin are on the same--the fourth-isothermal line, their QUEENSLAND. 59 mean temperature approximating, though their climate and vegetable productions are very different. In the southern hemisphere, Queensland is in the second isothermal belt, which has a mean temperature of 68 to 77 degrees. The Cape of Good Hope and Chili are in the same space. In the corresponding belt in the northern hemisphere are Funchal, in the island of Madeira, and Algiers, on the Mediterranean coast of Africa. The following results of temperature have been noted at theseplaces:-

Funchal. Algiers. Mean temperature of warmest month ...... 75,5 ... 82*8 coldest month ...... 64.0 ... 60.1 year ...... 68'5 ... 70.0 winter ...... 644 ... 61.5 spring 65 .8 ... 65 1 summer ...... 72.5 ... 80,2 autumn ...... 72.3 ... 72.5

r' The contrast will here be seen between Algiers, a variable climate, and Funchal, an insular or constant one. It is very important to obtain the mean tempera- ture, as well as the extreme temperature of a place, as by these are climates classed as constant, variable, or extreme. Thus Funchal is constant, London and Paris variable, Pekin extreme; though the second and last, as I have just said, are on the same isothermal line. I am uncertain whether the climate of this neighbourhood should be classed amongst the constant or the variable; for although our temperature is generallyvery steady,yet the diurnal range is con- siderable, and at times very great ; but on the whole I consider it entitled to be called a constant climate. We are indebted to the sea-breeze-tempering the heat of summer-for this equalization ; it would not be felt further inland, and there greater variations of temperature might be expected. The climate of this Colony, as well as of New South Wales, is salubrious, 60 CLIMATE OF and very favourable to the European constitution ; persons particularly who have arrived at, or passed, the middle age in the more inhospitable climate of Britain, often have their health and vigour surprisingly renewed in this genial climate . Instances of persons arriving at great age are common , persons nearly or quite one hundred years old be ing not un fr equently met with , and these generally retaining an amount of strength and activity to the last . From returns extending over many years, of the diseases of troops in foreign stations, I find that while the rate of mortality in the Windward and Leeward Tslands has been '931 per 1000 per annum , and in Jamaica 143 per 1000; in Australia and the Cape of Good Hope the mean annual mortality has been at the minimum, or only 15 per 1000. On this point Sir George Ballingall says of New South Wales, ° the climate generally is salu- brious , although the heats in summer are excessive ; the hottest and most unhealthy months are November, December, January, and February ; the mean tempera- ture during these months is 80 degrees; March and April may be looked upon as the rainy season.' The diseases occurring in Queensland from atmospheric causes, and most commonly noticed , are ague, con- tinued fever , chronic rheumatism , and influenza ; the first two be ing caused by the exhalation of vegetable miasm , the next by undue exposure to wet and night air, the last by some unknown state of the atmosphere, producing at first ordinary colds, which soon be come infectious and epidemic . I will now make a few remarks on the results noted at this station (Brisbane), for a complete year, noticing each season separately ; premising , however, that as the observations have only been taken for two or three years , the results may have to be modified somewhat , after the observations have extended over a number of years QUEENSLAND 61

SpRiNo.-Comprised between September 23rd and December 22nd. Mean maximum heat of spring ...... 83-8 Mean temperature ...... 71.9 Mean greatest diurnal range ...... 33 9 Mean diurnal range ...... 26'3 SUMxsa .- Comprised between December 22nd and March 20th. Mean maximum heat of summer ...... 87.2 Mean temperature ...... 77.4 Mean greatest diurnal range ...... 30.1 Mean diurnal range .. ... 20.4 AuxuuN .- Comprised between March 20th and June 24th. Mean maximum heat of autumn ...... 7616 Mean temperature ...... 64.4 Mean greatest diurnal range ...... 35.6 Mean diurnal range ...... 23'6 Wttrrsa .- Comprised between June 24th and September 28rd. Mean maximum heat of winter ...... 76.0 Mean temperature ...... 61 1 Mean greatest diurnal range .. 39.2 Mean diurnal range ...... 27 *2 --- Mean maximum heat of year ...... 8016 Mean temperature of year .. . 6817 Mean greatest diurnal range .. ... 341 Mean diurnal range ...... 2411

10The temperature of the year, then, as thus care- fully ascertained, we see is 68.7; almost exactly the same as that of Funchal, in the Island of Madeira, which we have seen to be 68.5 ; and which place, as already stated, is in the corresponding isothermal belt of the northern hemisphere ; being classed amongst the insular or constant climates, and of world-wide repute for the salufrity of its climate. But while I unex- pectedly find this almost exact coincidence of mean temperature between Brisbane and Funchal, still I must notice that the range of temperature, both in summer and winter, is several degrees greater here than in Madeira ; the summer here being a little hotter, and the winter colder."

Dr. Barton appends to his lecture a tabulated state- ment, showing the mean temperature in different parts of Australia, and also in other countries; and it is hardly possible to avoid drawing a comparison favorable to Queensland from the particulars therein given. The table is as follows :- 62 MANAGEMENT OF

MEAN TEMPERATURE OF YEAR AND RAIN FALL AT THE VARIOUS AUSTRALIAN STATIONS AND AT OTHER COUNTRIES.

Mean ann. Temperature Mean ann. No. of Days Rain. of Year. Rain Fall.

Inches. Brisbane (Queensland ) .. .,. 681 43 108 Port Macquarie IN. S. W.) ... 63.5 71 York (Western Australia ) ... 65.3 25 ... Pert h ditto ...... 65'2 ...... Parramatta (N.S.W.) ...... 61.1 ... 61.1 146 Sydney " ditto ... 49 Adelaide ...... 64.9 20 Melbourne ...... 57.6 29 Launceston (V.D. Land ) ... 53.2 32 Hobart Town ditto 53.3 20 ... London ...... 50.4 23 ... Paris ...... 51' 24 ... New York ...... 53.8 Pekin ...... 54.9 ...... Funchal (Madeira) ...... 68.5 Algiers ...... 70• 36

I%.-MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC LANDS. • THE statesmen and legislators of New South Wales and Victoria have been for years engaged in [[settling the land question." In New South Wales, a new code of liberal land laws was passed towards the close of last year, and they will come into operation at the commencement of this ; but this achievement was not accomplished until seven changes of ministry, and three dissolutions of parliament, had taken place. In Victoria, repeated efforts to carry a land policy through both houses of the legislaturehave been isle by various ministries , and dissolutions have also taken place, until at last the Heales ministry PUBLIC LANDS. 63 gave up the attempt, and fell back upon the Order in Council of 1848, under the provisions of which they have issued " Occupation Licenses" to persons wishing to engage in agricultural pursuits. The young Parliament of Queensland, on the other hand, grappled with this question, the most important of all in Australia, during its first session, and succeeded in passing four measures, forming together a code for the management of the public estate. The provisions of these Acts may be briefly explained as follows:- I.-The first relates to the " Occupation of [hitherto] Unoccupied Crown Lands in Unsettled [or newly-opened] Districts," and principally affects the PASTORALINTEREST. The "runs," "sheep walks," or stations obtained under its provisions are to be held on a fourteen years' lease, at a gradually increasing rent. The runs are not to contain less than twenty-five square miles, nor more than one hundred, and the rent to be paid is proportioned as follows:- During the first four years the sum of ten shillings per square mile ; and during the succeeding periods of five years and five years (making up the fourteen of the lease), the rent paid is to be determined by an appraisement of the run, made at the commencement of each such term, and in proportion to its capabilities, advantages, or disadvantages, -providing always that in no case during the first period of five years the rent shall be less than £25, nor more than X50; and during the second period, less than £30, nor more than £70, per block of twenty-five square miles. This provision was made as a matter of simple justice to the "outside" or pioneer squatter, who, in taking up new country, had to contend with dangers, difficulties, and expenses far in excess of those experienced by the holders of runs near the settled localities, but who yet had to pay the same amount of rent and assessment-amounting to £40 per block 64 MANAGEMENT OF of twenty-five square miles. The rents named above are the sole charges now made by the Government, the assessment being abolished; and the provisions of the Act are so framed as to encourage enterprise, and tend in every way to promote the reclamation of the wilderness. II -The second measure regulates " the Occupation of Land applied for by Tender ," and was passed in order to put an end to a system of " run jobbing," which was rapidly increasing , and the tendency of which was to retard the progress of settlement. Extensive tracts of territory were tendered for by parties ' who never intended to occupy them, and when persons who reall y wished to settle went out to 11look for country," they had either to pay an exorbitant price to the run jobber, or to go one or two hundred miles beyond the li mits of civi li zation, and submit to all the risks and expenses incident to dwe ll ers in remote localities in the Austra li an bush As there were few who would pursue the latter course, and quite as few who could afford to adopt the former , many were deterred altogether fr om entering upon pastoral pursuits. The "Tenders for Crown Lands Act," as it is call ed, remedies all this inconvenienceby requiringthat runs shall be occupied and stocked to one-fourth their capabilities within twelve months fr om the date of lease ; and, if they be not so stocked and occupied , double the amount of rent is to be paid in advance ; and, if the requirements of the Act be not comp li ed with in six months after the payment of such additional rent, the alternative is an absolute forfeiture of the runs. Some stringent measure of this sort was necessary in order to check so pregnant an evil, fr aught as it was with the worst possible consequences to the Colony. III.-'The fourth Act passed - omitting the third for the present - also related to pastoral pursuits. PUBLIC LANDS. 65

The leases of many of the best stations will shortly expire, and, as it was necessary to legislate for their re-lease or occupation in some way, the Government introduced and passed " an Act for the Leasing of Crown Lands Previously Occupied." This measure enacts that the leases of all runs held under existing or former regulations may be renewed for a period of five years at their expiration, provided that the tenant is content to pay the rent then fixed by valua- tion. If the outgoing lessee does not wish to renew, then the lease of the run is to be let to the highest bidder at public auction ; and any person who may thus obtain the lease of a run is required to pay into the Treasury the value of the permanent improve- ments on such lands,-such amount to be forthwith handed over to the outgoing lessee. IV.-Last, but by no means least-since it is the measure which chiefly interests the most numerous class of immigrants to this country-we come to consider the " Alienation of Crown Lands Act," by which the sale of the public lands is regulated. Under this law all lands are divided into three classes, town, suburban, and country lots ;-the former comprising all land within the actual boundaries of towns ; the second all land within two n}iles from the nearest boundary of any town (the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, having a discretionary right to narrow this limit in certain cases); and the third class, all other lands whatsoever. Price of Land.-The price of land sold under this Act is in no case less than X1 an acre, and the lots must be properly surveyed and delineated in the public maps before the alienation from the Crown can be completed. The auction system is resorted to in all cases, except as regards the agricultural reserves hereinafter mentioned, in respect to which the right of free selection at the upset price is 2 66 MANAGEMENT OF permitted; the terms of purchase at the sale being- ten per cent. deposit, and the remainder within one month afterwards. Agricultural Reserves , and Method of obtaining Land upon them.-The Act prescribed that, within a period of six months after its passing, reserves to the extent of at least 100,000 acres should be proclaimed for agricultural purposes " on the shores or navigable waters of Moreton Bay, Wide Bay, Port Curtis, and Keppel Bay;"* and further, that within five miles of all towns whose inhabitants numbered more than 500, reserves of 10,000 acres should be set apart with a like object. The same clause also authorizes the reservation of land in other localities, but the power thus given to the Government is purely discretionary. Farms upon these reserves are not to be less than 40 acres , or more than 320, and persons desirous of procuring them must apply at the office of the Land Agent (who is generally the Clerk of Petty Sessions in the district), nearest to the reserve, and there point out on the map the lot or lots they may wish to select ; and the amount of the purchase money, at 20s. per acre, must then be paid down, either in current money, or in the " Land Orders" they may have received from the Government on their arrival in the Colony. The settler must then go to work upon his farm, and commence to improve and cultivate it; for, if this condition be not fulfilled within six months after the purchase, then the money is to be returned, less ten per cent., and the farm reverts to the Government. The occupant of a farm may lease lands contiguous thereto on such reserve to the extent of three times

• Reserves have been proclaimed , in accordan ce with the provisions of the Act, at Brisbane , the Logan, Ipswich , Drayton, Toowoomba, Warwick, Marl- borough, Gladstone , and Rockhampton. PUBLIC LANDS. 67 the quantity owned by him providing that the whole does not exceed 320 acres-at an annual rent of sixpence per acre. The lease may extend to a term of five years, but the lessee has the power during the time of purchasing any part or the whole of the land so held by him, notwithstanding the application of other intending buyers,-he having a pre-emptive right to the same. The land so held, however, must be fenced in within eighteen months from the commencement of the lease, under penalty of forfeiture ; and it is also forfeit if the rent be allowed to run more than thirty days in arrear. No sub-letting is permitted, nor is it competent for any person to borrow money on the security of such lease. Land Orders Given to Immigrants.-All adults coming to Queensland direct from Europe at their own expense are to receive, immediately after landing, an order to the amount of X18; and, after having resided in the country for two years continuously, a further order to the amount of £12. Two children over the age of four, and under fourteen, are reckoned as one adult, and their parents will receive orders accordingly. They may also be given to parties paying the passages of immigrants, and are no less open to Europeans who become naturalized in the Colony than to persons coming from the United Kingdom. (See CHAPrzn X. for further information on this subject). Premium for Cotton-growing.-With a view to the encouragement of cotton cultivation, the Legialatura introduced a clause which offers a considerable inducement to the tillers of the soil, and this provision will shortly be availed of to a considerable extent by persons in the Colony. During the first three years after the passing of the Act the Government is empowered to issue Land Orders to 68 MANAGEMENT OF the extent of £I0, by way of premium, for every bale of good cleaned Sea Island cotton, weighing 300 lbs. ; and during the next succeeding two years a further Land Order to the amount of £5 for each such bale. Premiums to half these amounts may also be given for the ordinary kinds of cotton ; but, where the best of all sorts-the Sea Island-may be cultivated with equal facility to any other, it is scarcely probable that growers will turn their attention to any but the best. These, then, are the provisions of the Land Sales Act which chiefly affect new comers, and, upon careful perusal, it will be found that no mean advantages are offered. Take, for instance, the case of an immigrant arriving in the Colony with a wife and four children, all over the age of four and under 14. Suppose him to have paid for the passages of himself and family, he will receive Land Orders to the extent of £72 immediately after setting foot on our shores ; and, if he and they should remain two years, he will be entitled to a further amount of £48-representing altogether the value of 120 acres of land ! If he should be an individual who is desirous of settling down on the agricultural reserves, he would be at once able to choose his farm, and pay for it with the Orders ; so that the Colony, in point of fact, offers a free grant to all who come hither at their own cost. These Orders are, however, not only negotiable in this way, but they may be tendered in payment at any Government land sale, for any class of lots the holder may think fit to purchase. The regulations as to leasing contiguous lots to owners of farms upon the reserves will enable the settler to unite, on a small scale, the two pursuits of agriculture and wool-growing, as carried out at home ; or he may cultivate his farm and keep his herd of cattle, which always proves a never-failing source of wealt4 to the Australian grazier. The reserves have PUBLIC LANDS. 69

been marked out in localities supposed to be best suited to the purposes of the agriculturist , the nature of the sound the lightly- timbered character of the country 'having been taken into consideration. Clearing averages from £3 to £12 per acre, and fencing from 5s. to 8s. per rod (16k feet), when men are hired for the purpose ; but these tasks are among the first difficulties of the settler, and are generally performed by himself and family - the trees cut down furnishing the timber necessary for fencing purposes . Some of the beat agricultural land in the Colony, and which will probably soon be available for the farmer, does not contain more than three or four trees per acre, and the usual cost of removing these does not exceed 6s, each tree.

X-Illla[IGRATION BEGHILATIONS.

Fos the subjoined compendium of the Regulations by which Immigration into this Colony is encouraged by the Government, the compiler is indebted to the Queensland Guardian, in which paper it was published under the sanction of the Immigration Agent:- " Immigration is aided by the Government in three ways, viz.: " I. The Remittance System. " II. The Land Order System. "III. The General System.

,,I. REMITTANCE SYSTEM. " The Remittance System is that which formerly prevailed, but which was suddenly discontinued when 70 IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS. the Land Order System came into operation. Since August last, however, the Remittance System has been revived , and is now , with some modificatiops , in full force. Under this system, nearly the whole of the passage money of immigrants is paid by the Government of this country, and the immigrants themselves must belong to the ordinary class of laborers or servants, and must submit themselves to the Emigration Com- missioners in England . This class of immigration is conducted in the following manner -A person residing in this Colony goes to the Immigration Agent in Brisbane , or to a sub -agent in the country, and names certain relatives or 'friends whom be wishes to bring out. These must not be over sixty years of age, and, for each adult person so nominated, he will pay the Agent the sum of £4, or £2 for children under fourteen, -infants being always brought free. (The price used to be £8 for those over forty, and £12 for those over fifty ; but it is now fixed at the uniform rate of £4 for all between fourteen and sixty, and £2 for those between one and fourteen.) In return for his money he will receive from the Agent a certificate, which he will send to the persons whom he wishes to bring out. This must be presented by those persons to the Commissioners in England within twelve months of date ; the Com- missioners will satisfy themselves of their eligibility, and will provide them passages in vessels sent out under their auspices. Should it happen, from any cause, that the persons sent for should be unable or unwilling to come, the money paid will be refunded here, on pro- duction of the returned certificate, or of advice from the home Commissioners that such persons are not coming. Remittance immigrants, on arrival in Brisbane, are received by the Immigration Agent, and are provided with board and lodging free for ten days, after which a charge is made of Is. per diem. Should they experience IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS. 71

any difficulty in finding their friends, they are at liberty to hire as soon as they please ; and they sometimes do so. It is hardly necessary to add that no Land Orders are given under this system.

I'll. LAND ORDER SYSTEM. " The Land Order System is based on the principle of the Colony giving land in return for the passage money of immigrants. This system operates in two different modes.- " 1st. Deposits. " 2nd. Guarantee. ff (1.) The mode of Deposits is conducted either by Nomination or by Blank Certificate. "(a) By Nomination, a person in the Colony pro- ceeds to the Immigration Agent in Brisbane, or to a sub-agent in the country, and names certain persons in Europe whom he wishes to introduce, and whose pas- sages he is willing to pay, receiving in return an Order for £18 worth of ]and for every £18 so paid-£18 being the price of one nassage for an adult, or of two passages for children under fourteen- infants under twelve months not being taken into consideration in any way. (It must be borne in mind, however, that no Land Order, or fraction of a Land Order, will be allowed for an odd child : the couple with five children, sup- posing them to be under fourteen, will only get two Land Orders for their children-not two and a-half, as might be supposed. There are no £9 Land Orders ; each Order is for £18 worth of land, neither more nor less. The Agent here will, however, receive the £9 for the passage of such odd child, although no claim for land will arise from such payment.) The Depositor, on paying his money, will receive from the Agent a certificate , which, on being presented to the Commis- sioners at home, will entitle the holder to passages 72 IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS.

(either in the vessels chartered by the Commissioners, or in others subject to their approval and supervision), in proportion to the amount paid : viz., for4very £18, a passage for one adult, or two children under fourteen. The Depositor will also receive an £18 Land Order for every £18 paid by him. This Land Order is a legal tender in payment for any land purchased from the Government ; it is not an order for a particular portion of land. The persons coming out under the passage certificates referred to above, will be also entitled, after two years' residence in the Colony, to receive from the Government a second Land Order, for £12. This second Qrder is always the property of the immigrant himself ; the first is the property of the person who provides his passage . In the case of children, of course the second Order , of £12, like the first, of £ 18, is given to two-no odd child in a family receiving anything. " fib) The Deposit System of immigration may also be conducted by what is called Blank Certificate; that is, a person here may pay a sum of money to the Agent for the introduction of a certain number of immigrants, without naming them , leaving it to his agent or fr iends in England to make the.selection, and to fill up the passage certificates. The amount of money paid must be a multiple of £18-each sum of £18 providing for a passage of one adult or two children ; always remem- bering that odd children in families are not reckoned; in issuing Land Orders no account is taken of them. " (An excrescence on the Deposit mode of immigra- tion has arisen thus :-Persons arriving direct from Europe, paying or otherwise providing for their own passages, either in private or Government vessels, and not having previously been in the Colony, are allowed to claim Land Orders on producing their passage receipts within fourteen days after arrival. Only one person has, as yet, arrived in this way, and he has received his Land Order. Persons arriving from Europe by way of IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS. 73

other Australian Colonies have also been allowed to claim Land Orders, provided they have left home with the intention of coming to Queensland, and have made no lengthy residence in other colonies on their way out. It is necessaryin such casesthat males be not over forty years of age, and females not over thirty-five; although, in the case of a married couple, there is no restriction as to age if they bring with them offspring to the number of five. These also must produce their passage receipts to the Agent here. The granting of Land Orders to persons arriving in this indirect manner is rather a privilege than a right, and will be discon- tinued as soon as a regular direct communication is established with England.) " (2.) The Guarantee mode is as follows :-A person may go to the Immigration Agent, and request that a certain number of immigrants, of a certain class, be brought out to his order, engaging at the same time to pay, on their arrival, £6 per head, and in twelve months a further sum of £12, giving them in the meantime employment at the current rate of wages. In this system, the first Land Order either goes to the person sending for the immigrants, or, if the immigrants have submitted to the deduction of £18 from their wages, they themselves receive the first Order. The second Land Order (for £12 worth of land) goes to the immi- grant, as it does in every case-the object being to secure the permanent residence of people in the Colony. The introducer under no circumstances receives the second Land Order. The immigrants under the Guarantee mode are selected by the Commissioners at home. "III. GENERAL SYSTEM. " The last system is what may be called, for want of a better name, the General. By this we mean the forwarding to the Colony of emigrants selected by the 74 TRADE AND

Imperial Commissioners , and sent out at the expense of the Colony, without any special application having been made for them, to be open for hire on arrival. These may be taken in a manner similar to that adopted under the Guarantee mode, or they may be engaged quite irrespective of Land Orders-as if they were, in fact, bounty immigrants under the old system many years ago. They are provided for on landing until a reason- able offer is made to them ; but, if they refuse this, they forfeit all further claim for maintenance at Government expense."

$I.-'TRADE AND BE9EIIUE. --- 0 - TaE Trade of Queensland is now almost entirely confined to the neighboring colonies and the mother- country, but it must be remembered that we are only just "commencing business on our own account," and we must therefore be content gradually to enlarge the sphere of our operations. The imports into the port of Brisbane alone in the twelve months ending 30th Septemper, 1861, amounted to X679,425; but the total value of the whole imports into the Colony during that perio#will probably amount to nearly £800,000. This sum was principally expended in bread stuffs and other articles of consumption, in- cluding spirituous and fermented liquors, and in drapery, hardware, furniture, imported stock, &c., &c. It is within the range of probability, however, that the importation of bread stuffs, &c., will be consider- ably lessened, ere long, by the local production of many of the articles we are now compelled to send money out of the country for ; and it is in this, as we ll as in other particulars, that we expect benefit to REVENUE. 75 accrue from the proclamation and settlement of the agricultural reserves referred to in a previous chapter. The great bulk of our exports consists of articles connected with pastoral pursuits, and this will con- tinue to be the case until cotton or some other valuable staple is counted among the number. The total value of the whole exports from the Colony of Queensland during the twelve months ending Sep- tember 30th, 1861, we were not able to ascertain in time for this portion of our publication ; but, according to the Customs' returns, the exports from the port of Brisbane for that period-exclusive of coals, and without reference to stock brought overland - amounted to £460,362. The aggregate amounts of both imports and exports show a balance in favor of the former, and some might be led to suppose that we are in a crippled condition, because the balance of trade" is against us ; but we have a multitude of examples in our favor in this respect. Such circum- stances are only incidental to the infancy of a state, and no harm can accrue if our exports be found to be steadily increasing. That such is the case, we can show by quoting the value of the exports from Brisbane alone during the four years ending with Dec. 31st, 1860; thus-

1857 J9355,237 14 0 1858 ...... 363 515 17 0 1859 429.984 3 0 1860 435,744 1 9

As long as this steady progress is observable, an occasional deficit need excite no cause of apprehen- sion ; for, as the exports of a country increase in value, so must there be a corresponding increase of material and national wealth. Coming now to the matter of Revenue, it is not too much to say that the hopes of the most sanguine 76 TRADE AND REVENUE. among our po li ticians have been more than verified. The probable revenue of the Colony at its founda ti on was esti mated at £160 ,000, but the actual receipts were considerably in excess of that sum ; and our income for the present year ( 1862 ) wi ll , it is thought, amount to more than £200 ,000. During the last session the Assembly authorized a loan to the extent of £115 ,000, principa ll y for pub li c undertakings of importance , and offers were invited by the Colonial Treasurer for the purchase of £80 ,000 worth of £100 debentures , bearing interest at the rate of 6 per cent., and redeemable in twenty years . So we ll did the credit of the Colony stand in the colonial money market, and so great was the confidence reposed in our resources and capabi liti es, that the debentures were eagerly sought after, and realized 104 and 105 per cent. The principal portion of the re venue is derived fr om the pub li c lands and fr om customs' du ti es (the latter of which amounted to upwards of £70 ,000 for the whole Colony in the twelve months ending 30th September , 1861 ) ; and it cannot but be admitted that these items must necessarily increase with the growth of our popula ti on . Young as the Colony is, however , and great as have been the difficul ti es with which she has had to contend, she is entitled to take the twelfth place on the li st of the forty-eight Bri ti sh colonies in point of revenue ; and we be li eve there are few para ll el cases to be found in the history of coloniza ti on , of the revenue of a colony barely twelve months old showing an average of £6 per head for every man , woman, and child in the territory ! EMPLOYMENT OF LABOR. 77

XIL-EMPLOYMENTOF LABOR. t Tam rapidity with which all newly-imported labor of a really useful kind is absorbed, justifies the assertion that this Colony presents an a4pairable field for the remuneration of industry. Here the "poor man" of the stump orator is a myth; or, if such an individual be found, his poverty is generally traceable to one of three causes, namely - drunkenness, idleness, or physical infirmities which would beset a human being in any country. Here it may truly be said that "labor is wealth," for the industrial classes are well-to-do and con- tented, enjoying full political privileges, and perfect freedom in the exercise of those privileges. There are few working men who have not their own free- holds, and, as the eight-hour system generally prevails in the principal towns, they have ample time for mental cultivation, the improvement of their pro- perties, or any other pursuit to which their tastes may incline them, after the labors of the day are over. The demand is perhaps greater, just at this stage of our history, for unskilled labor than skilled; but there is never a time when work of some kind cannot be procured, either in town or country. "The bush" has been made a perfect bugbear by some people, but many a man who has wrought his way up to a position of influence and comparative competence, has commenced his career in Australia as a shepherd or hutkeeper. The emigrant who thinks of coming to this, or any other of the Australian colonies, should be prepared to "turn his hand to anything" in order to obtain a footing. The idle, worthless, dissipated loafer is not wanted here ; neither is he welcome whose heart fails him at every step, and who would be apt to regard the primary difficulties of colonial life as so many insurmountable obstacles. For honest, industrious, and thrifty men, it is no exaggeration 78 EMPLOYMENT to say that Queensland presents as fair a field, and prospects quite as hopeful, as any possession of the British Crown. The wages paid to the different classes of labor do not often fluctuate,*nd the rates given in the sub- joined list now obtain, we believe, throughout the Colony :- Brick layers ...... 10s. to 11s. per day. Masons...... 103. „ 123. Stonecutters 10s. 12s. Plasterers.. lls.„12s. Carpenters and Joiners 8s. „ 12s.

Painters ...... 83. „ 103. „ Upholsterers ...... 8s. 12s. „ Coopers 8s.„103. „ Sawyers 17s. „ 303. per 100 ft. Tinsmiths ...... 40s. „ 55s. per week. Printers* ...... 60s. to 72s. Tailors ...... Paid by the piece. Shoemakers .. 45s. to 65s. per week. Day-laborers 58. „ 7s . per day. Needlewomen and dressmakers 2s. „ 6s. „ Saddlers 83. „ 12s. „ Blacksmiths 103. „ 14s. „ Wheelwrights ...... lOs. „ 148. Quarrymen .. . .. 7s. „ 123. Farm laborers (with board or rations) £40 „ £52 per year. Ploughmen (ditto) ...... £40 „ £45 „ lk en servants (ditto ) ...... £50 „ £60 Maid „ (ditto ) ...... £20 „ £30 „ Servant boys (ditto) £15 „ £25 „ Nurse girls (ditto) £15 „ £25 Gardeners (ditto) £40 „ £52 Stockmen (ditto) £40 „ £52 Hutkeepers(ditto) X30 „ £45 Shepherds (ditto) £40 „ £52 Marriedcouples (ditto) £50 „ £85 Bullock -drivers (ditto) £45 „ £60 Horse-d ri vers (ditto) .. £45 „ £52 Useful men (ditto) £40 „ £52 Men cooks (ditto) £50 „ £60 Female cooks (ditto) £26 „ £36

* When paid by the piece , in newspaper offices, le, 3d. per thousand. OF LABOR. 79

Although not fitly coming under this head, it will not be thought out of place if we here introduce a list of prices of articles, &c., as at present ruling (January, 1862), which would constitute the chief , expenses of a household, as the formation might be useful to the intending emigrant; viz.:--

Hou'ft RENT-From 3s. 6d. to 7s. per room per week, according to position BUTCHERS' HEAT.-Beef , 3d. to 3id. ; mutton , 3d. to 4d.; pork, 6d. ; veal, 6d., per lb.; lamb, 4s. to 5s. per quarter. BREAD-53. the 21b. loaf; flour, by the bag of 100 lbs., varies from 17s. to 23s. GRocEiuEs.-Tea, 2s. 6d. to 3s. per 1b.; coffee, Is. 8d . ; sugar, from 4id. to 8d_; soap, 4d.; candles (sperm), is. 4d. to Is. 9d.-(tallow), 9d.; tobacco, 2s. to 4s. 6d. DsIar PRODUCE.- Butter, 2s . to 2s. 6d.; cheese, 9d. to Is.; bacon and ham, 9d. to Is.; lard, Is., per lb.; eggs, Is. 9d. to 2s. per dozen. VEGETABLES-Potatoes (old), lld.-(new), 2d. ; onions, 8d., per lb.; cabbages, 2d. to 6d., lettuces, ]d. to 3d., each; pump- kins, 1d. per lb.; asparagus. 9d. to Is., turnips, 4d. to 6d., carrots, 6d., per bunch; beans, 2s., peas , 2s. 6d., per peck. FaurTs.-Oranges , Is. 6d. to 2s., lemons , Is. 6d. to 3s., bananas, 10d. to Is. 3d., peaches, 3d. to 6d., Brazilian cherries, 4d., per dozen ; pa paw apples , 6d. each ; loquats, 9d . per quart. FORAGE-8s . to 99. per cwt.; maize, 6s. to 7s., oats , 6s. 6d. to 8s. 6d., barley, 7s. to 8s., per bushel ; green stuff , 4d. to 6d. per buudle.

8111 ,- MIsCF .T.L ANIQU&

IN the foregoing pages allusion has not been made to several topics of interest and importance which might have been introduced with advantage; but our brochure already far exceeds the bulk originally intended, and we must therefore be very brief in referring to the subjects included in this chapter. I.-Communication between the various towns and 80 MISCELLANEOUS. localities in the interior, where river navigation is not available , is at present effected by ordinary highways, many of which are only in course of formation. A project has been set on foot, however, for initiating a cheap and effective Ig stem of tramways , and there is everyprospect of the affairbeing carried to a successful termination . The 11Moreton Bay Tramway Company" succeeded in passing their Act of Incorporation through Parliament last session, and , as the greater portion of the preliminary surveys have been made, and the levels taken, the works will now speedily commence. The first intention of the Company was merely to form a tramroad- from Ipswich to Toowoomba (Darling Downs), but they have already decided on extending the line to Dalby; and there can be no doubt but that the pro- posed line will ultimately become a grand trunk tram- road, with branches diverging from it to all settled parts of the country. Such a system of internal communication would be far preferable to railways in point of economy, as the latter could only be constructed at an enormous expense, and would, if laid down at the public cost, create a heavy charge upon the revenue fqr years to come. The days of railway travelling have not arrived for Queensland yet, and we are satisfied to be content with a less speedy, but quite as effective, mode of transit II . - Steamers run daily on the river between Brisbane and Ipswich, and we have fortnightly com- munication by steam with the ports of Maryborough, Gladstone , and Rockhampton, the Government paying a handsome subsidy for the conveyance of mails by this route; but the traffic with those parts is so rapidly increasing that more ftequent communication with them has become an imperative necessity, and the want will be speedily supplied. A local Company has been organized , and legally incorporated, for carrying on the steam trade with the North, the Government having MISCELLANEOUS 81 guaranteed the mail subsidy to the Directors for a stipulated period; and the first steamboat belonging to this Company has been built to order in England, and will arrive to take up the contract by the 1st April, in this year. There is also weekly" intercourse by steam- packet with Sydney, the voyage occupying from two to three days. Passages may also be had in coasters, and it often happens that the trip is not very much longer protracted in them than in the steamers. If the emigrant is unable to procure a passage direct from England to Queensland, he would avoid much additional expense and troubleby taking ship for Sydney, and not for Melbourne. A steamer has also been laid on by an enterprising firm, to run between Brisbane and Adelaide, calling at Sydney and Melbourne en route. III.-The November of last year was made memorable by the establishment of telegraphic communication between Brisbane and the capitals of the three colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia, the line traversable by the magic agency being over 2000 miles in length altogether. At present the wires are not extended to the whole of the towns in this Colony- Brisbane, Lytton, Ipswich, Toowoomba, Drayton, and Warwick being the only places which now participate in the advantages arising from this means of rapid inter- course ; but a very long time cannot elapse before the northern and north-western towns are included in the telegraphic system. While on this subject, we may remark that, as the original idea of laying down a series of submarine cables from Batavia to Moreton Bay appears to have been abandoned, it is anticipated that the less expensive and additionally useful method will be adopted, of conveying the line overland from Brisbane to the Gull of Carpentaria, whence it might be carried across to the island of Timor, and so on to Java. The risks of interruption would not be either so imminent or so numerous , if this plan were adopted ; and another F 82 MISCELLANEOUS.

great consideration is, that the settlement of that portion of country over which the wires will travel will be materially assisted. IV -The benevolent spirit of the people of Queens- land should'not be forgotten . Hospitals , which partake also of the character of asylums for the infirm and destitute , are established in most of the townships, and are supported partly by voluntarycontributions, and partly by grants from the public coffers ; but we allude more particularly to the cases of distress which are every now and then relieved by the kind contributions of the inhabitants . Never are the widow and the orphan uncared for, the open palm of charity being extended to all who are in need , without respect of creedor country. V.-The °, Fourth Estate " in Queensland is keeping pace with the progress of the Colony , the influx of population , and the general requirements of the times. The newspapers in existence are nine in number, and are distributed over the Colony as follows :-Brisbane, (two) :-THE COURIER, the oldest and the leading journal of the Colony , which became a daily" in May last; and the QUEENSLAND GUARDIAN, published twice a week . Ipswich ( two) . The NORTH AUSTRALIAN, and the QUEENSLAND TIMES (formerly the Ipswich Herald ), both issuing twice a week . Toowoomba (two) : -The DARLING DOWNS GAZETTE (formerly published at Drayton ), and the TOOWOOMBACHRONICLE, each weekly . Maryborough (one) : - The MARYBOROUGH CHRONICLE, weekly. Rockhampton , (one) :-The Rocx- HAMPTON BULLETIN, weekly. Gayndah (one) : -The BURNETT ARGUS, weekly. Arrangements are be ing made , we believe , for the establishment of a journal at Warwick , where the population is quite numerous and influential enough to support an organ of public opinion. The newspapers mentioned above, with one or two ex- ceptions , enjoy a fair share of public support , and for the most part advocate liberal principles. MISCELLANEOUS. 83

VI.-Among the Acts passed during the last session of the Queensland Parliament was an Act for Faci- litating the Transfer of Real Property . This desirable measure is founded upon the celebrated 11 Torrens' Act" of South Australia , and is exactly similar thereto in its main provisions , although the youth of this Colony, and the consequently limited extent of alienated lands , have rendered unnecessary and improbable many of the complications and difficulties which have beset the framer of the South Australian statute. The Act wi ll come into operation in this Colony with the com- mencement of this year. VII.-In the early part of last year ( 1861), the Government despatched Mr. Henry Jordan, an ex- member of the Legislative Assembly, to England, to act throughout Great Britain as the Emigration Agent for Queensland . The objects of Mr . Jordan 's mission are-to afford to intending emigrants all the information they may require, and to make the Colony known through the length and breadth of the United Kingdom by means of lectures, contributions to the metropolitan and provincial press, and all other available media. Should it not be in the power of every individual into whose hands this pamphlet may fall to consult the Agent (whose London address is 88, Old Broad -street), the information herein conveyed may be safely relied upon, as it has been carefully compiled from the most authentic sources, and received the approval of the Government of the Colony . If the facts here stated should have the effect of inducing but a few out of Great Britain ' s toiling myriads to make Queensland the country of their adoption , the publication will not have been issued in vain , and the Author will consider that he has be en amply compensated for his labor.

F* APPENDIX.

THE QUEENSLAND CENSUS OF 1861.

IN the second chapterof the foregoingSketch it was intimated that an Appendix would be attached to the publi- cation , giving an analysis of the Census of the population of Queensland , taken on the 7th of April last. Since the first sheets were printed we have been favored by the Registrar- General with a Return showing the number of the popula- tion up to the 30th September last, or six months after the collection of the Census. The statement is as follows:-

Males. Females. Total. Estimated population on 30th June.. 18,951 12,334 31,285 Excess of births over deaths during 110 154 264 quarter ending 30th September f Excess of immigration over emigra- 1, 264 1,289 tion (exclusive of Port Denison) 025

20,086 12,752 32,838 APPENDIX. 85

Returning .now to the Census itself , we find, as to the task of collection, that the Colony was divided into seventeen Enumerators ' Districts , and that the seventeen gentlemen appointed to that responsible office employed 131 collectors. 10Several circumstances ," says the Registrar -General in his Report, " combined to make the performance of their duties in many instances most arduous, and even dangerous, to the collectors . The weather was unpropitious ; torrents of rain, falling for weeks before and after the 8th April, had broken up the roads, carried away bridges, and so seriously inter- fered with the internal communication, that even on those lines designated the main roads the mails were interrupted for many days together . If this was the case on roads to some extent marked and formed, how much greater must the difficulty and danger have been when it became neces- sary to leavethem , and when the collectorhad nothing beyond his own knowledge of the country to guide him for long distances through a bush intersected by dangerous swamps or deep and treacherous creeks 1 Under these cir- cumstances , it will excite no surprise that some delay arose inforwarding the returns to thisoffice." Nor would it surprise us to know that the combination of circumstances alluded to, coupled with the fact of the popu- lation being so widely scattered, had interfered with the corre ctness of the returns by causing many omissions, unavoidable in themselves , but still prejudicial to the accu- racyof theresults. The increase during the five years ending 1861 has been at the rate of 77. 79 per cent., at which rate the population would double itself every seven years ; and this will doubtless be the case for some time to come, until the country becomes more densely inhabited. Space will not permit of our enlarging upon the various points of interest contained in the Report; and we shall thereforeat onceproceed to the tabularstatements, which are abridgments of the more elaborate tables compiled in the office of the Registrar-General: 86 APPENDIX.

TABLE I.

RETURN SHEWING THE NUMBER OF MALES AND FEMALES IN EACH ELECTORAL DISTRICT; ALSO THE NUMBER OF MALES OVER THE AGE OF TWENTY -ONE YEARS

o6em I Names of Electoral Districts, A 000 and No . of Members re- A W turned. - v p a o o

gaeo 0 o a zaaq w° F F"

Brisbane, North (3).... 2135 1832 3967 1205 680 Brisbane , South (1) ... 381 367 748 176 120 Burnett (2)...... 1495 630 2125 1075 140 Downs, Eastern (1) .. 1082 517 1599 724 107 Downs, Northern (1).. 866 506 1372 588 272 Downs, Western (2) ... 404 162 566 278 168 Drayton & Toowoom- ba (1) ...... 1478 949 2427 881 220 Fortitude Valley (1).. 663 -673 1336 297 256 Ipswich (3)...... 1667 1620 3287 806 908 Kennedy...... 70 16 86 56 Leichhardt (2) ...... 921 176 1097 751 151 Maranoa (1) .... 923 318 1241 I 653 103 Moreton , East (2) ... 1498 1256 2754 I 756 561 Moreton, West (3).. 1887 1441 3328 1071 558 Port Curtis (1) I 1247 496 1743 930 228 Warwick (1) 642 538 1180 311 155 Wide Bay (1)...... 762 441 1203 473 163

Total...... 18,12111,93830,059 .11031 4790

* Not yetrecognized as a separateElectorate. TABLE II. 0 ABSTRACT $HEWING THE NUMBER OF MALES AND FEMALES IN THE COLONY OF QUEENSLAND BY DISTRICTS AND TOWNS.

RURAL DISTRICTS. Males. Total. TOWNS. Males. Females .) Total. Grand majes . Total,

1. Brisbane ...... 1498 1266 2764 Brisbane , North ...... 1884 1585 3469 6223 Do. South ...... 381 367 748 748 Do. Fortitude Valley...... 663 673 1336 1336 Kangaroo Point ...... 251 247 498 498 2. Callandoon ...... 363 143 496 51 19 70 666 3. Condamine ...... 341 122 463 82 42 124 687 4. Dalby ...... 626 299 925 240 207 447 1372 6. Drayton ...... 648 276 924 176 144 820 1244 664 529 1183 1183 6. Gayndah ...... 892 342 1234 Gayndah ...... 203 146 409 1643 7. Gladstone ...... 190 42 232 Gladstone ...... 122 93 215 447 8. Ipswich ...... 1661 1227 2888 Ipswich ...... 1667 1620 3287 6176 156 168 314 314 Laidley ...... 70 56 126 126 9. Kennedy ...... 70 16 86 ...... 86 10. Leichhardt ...... 436 60 496 ...... 498 500 154 654 ...... 654 400 162 562 Maryborough ...... 862 279 641 1203 340 142 482 ...... 482 14. Rockhampton ...... 434 83 617 Rockhampton ...... 439 259 698 1215 Yaamba ...... 62 19 81 81 441 97 588 Taroom ...... 44 19 63 601 999 461 1460 Allora ...... 32 23 65 1515 51 33 84 84 642 538 1180 1180

Total Rural ...... 9829 4882 14,711 Total Civic ...... 8292 7058 15,848 30,059 Total Rural ...... 9829 4882 14,711

Total of Colony ...... 18,121 11,938 30,069 88 APPENDIX.

TABLE M. 4 AGES.

AGES . Males. Females . Persons.

Under 1 year .. 652 637 1289 I and under 5 years 2069 2115 4184 5 and under 10 years 1564 1640 3204 10 and under 15 years 1085 1030 2115 15 and under 20 years 1093 1015 2108 20 and under 25 years 2082 1233 3315 25 and under 30 years 2567 1390 3957 30 and under 35 years 2103 945 3048 35 and under 40 years 1467 683 2150 40 and under 45 years 1314 522 1836 45 and under 50 years 869 325 1194 50 and under 55 years 658 218 876 55 and under 60 years 273 82 355 60 and under 65 years 168 56 224 65 and under 70 years 60 10 70 70 and under 75 years 29 18 47 75 and under 80 years 1: • 2 14 80 and upwards.. 8 3 11 Unspecified...... 48 14 62

Total classified ...... 18,121 11,938 30,059 TABLE IV. -+ - SYNOPSIS OF THE STATE OF EDUCATION IN THE URBAN AND RURAL DISTRICTS.

URBAN. RURAL. TOTAL.

Males. Females . Males. Females . Males. Females.

Cannot read ...... 2430 2342 2545 t 1847 4975 4189 ld Can read, but not write .. .. 761 1170 986 797 1747 1967 C

Total uneducated .. .. 3191 3512 3531 2644 6722 6156 Total educated (i.e., can write) 5101 3544 6298 2238 11 ,399 5782

Total urban population .. .. 8292 7066 .... 18,121 11,938 Totalrural population ...... •. .... 9829 4882 }

Centesimal proportion of un- educated ...... 38.48 49.77 35.92 54.16 00 co 90 APPENDIX.

TABLE V.

NATIVE COUNTRY.

i`cm m

q m I Males. Females . Persons.

0

New South Wales ...... 1734 1537 3271 88.63 Tasmania ...... 50 28 78 56- Victoria ...... 95 102 197 107-37 South Australia ...... 17 13 30 76.47 Western Australia...... 2 2 4 100- Queensland ...... 3083 3122 6205 101-26 New Zealand ...... 22 9 31 40.91 British America...... 33 7 40 21.21 England ...... 5673 2842 8515 50.10 Wales ...... 101 54 155 53.47 Ireland ...... 2960 2577 5537 87.06 Scotland ...... 1591 902 2493 56.96 92 27 119 29.35 Other British Dominions 117 54 171 46.15 United States of America 82 11 93 13.41 China ...... 537 1 538 0.18 Germany ...... 1562 562 2124 35.98 France...... 38 18 56 47.37 Other Foreign Countries 213 16 229 7.51 Unspecified ...... 119 54 173 45.38

Total classified.... 18,121 11,938 30,059 65.32 TABLE VI. --.-- SOCIAL AND DOMESTIC CONDITION.

MALES. 1 FEMALES.

y 0 d 0 Q I 1 G F

6073 356 12,680 12 18,121 i 4818 291 6828 I 11,938 30,059

Brick and Stone houses...... 514 Houses Finished ...... 6,265 Do. Unfinished ...... 217 Weatherboard ...... 2,299 Metal ...... 4 Total...... 6,482 Blabor Inferior ...... 3,665 Houses Inhabited 6,158 - Do. Uninhabited ...... 324 Total ...... 6,482 Total...... 6,482 Also 301 Tents, 55 Drays, and 24 Ships. 92 APPENDIX

TABLE VII.

--h -

RELIGION.

Males. Females . Persons.

Church of England...... 8318 5101 13,419

Presbyterians...... 2207 1493 3700

Congregationalists and Inde. pendents ...... 378 322 700

Wesleyans and Primitive Me- thodists ...... 775 660 1435

Other Protestants...... 1501 818 2319

Roman Catholics ...... 4197 3479 7676

Hebrews ...... 31 18 49

Mahomedans and Pagans.. 404 1 405

Other Persuasions ...... 32 11 43

Unspecified...... 278 35 313

Total classified ...... 18,121 11,938 30,059 APPENDIX. 93

TABLE VIII

OCCUPATIONS.

OCCOPATIONS . Males. Females . Totals.

Teachers and Professors .. ... 43 59 102 Other Educated Professions .. 106 106 Scholars at home...... 300 375 675 Ditto School .. .. 1235 1123 2358 Producers of food and drinks ... 56 9 65 Distributors do do 139 .. 139 Providers do do, with accommodation ...... 122 22 144 Trading and commerce .. 494 149 643 Domestics ( those attending to their own business ) ...... 304 5287 5591 Domestics (hired)., ., 835 1169 2004 Persons receiving pub lic support gratuitously.. Miscellaneous occupations .. 1152 47 1199 Occupations not stated ...... 3643 3395 7038 Agriculture ...... 938 52 990 Pastoral .. 4088 249 4337 horticulture...... 171 2 173 Wine growers...... 2 ... 2 Miners in gold and silver ...... 27 .. 27 Ditto in infe ri or metals...... 22 ... 22 Ditto in coal .. , . , . .. .. 29 ... 29 Judicial and Legal Professions 24 .. 24 Medical Professions ...... 37 .. 37 Cle rical Professions ...... 32 ... 32 Ski lled workmen and artificers 1700 .. 1700 Unskilled workmen not otherwise classified ... 2069 .. 2069 Civil Officers and subordinates 142 .. 142 Police Magistrates and Constables 131 ... 131 Army and Navy ... .. 31 .. 31 Seafaring persons of the merchant service...... 249 249

Total classified ...... 111938 130,059 This is a blank page

ADVERTISEMENTS. This is a blank page

113 TO MXTO M WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, PRINTER, PUBLISHER, ANDACCOUNT BOOKMANUFACTURER, REMOVED TO THE PREMISES LATELY OCCUPIED BY Ma. W. J. COSTIN, CHEMIST AND GROCER), QUEEN STREET, NORTH BRISBANE.

BEGSto0. inform ' ' Othe MpublicUZ of V Queensland N that, having made extensive alterations in the above spacious premises, and large additions to his Stock, he is now in a position to supply Squatters, Merchants, and Country Storekeepers with Books, Stationery, &c., of every description, and in any quantity, at the lowest wholesale Prices. Agent for the Courier, Guardian , Sydney Mail, Sydney Morning Herald, Clarence and Richmond Ex- aminer, Burnett Argus, Toowoomba Chronicle, and Bell's Life in Sydney. Queensland Agent for the Home News. All the English Periodicals by Mail Steamer. By Authority, Agent for the Sale of Printed Public Documents, Land Regulations, &c.-For list, see GovernmentGazette. Agent for the sale of Chubb's Fireproof Safes. A large stock of New Music always on hand. All the newest Song and Dance Music by Mail Steamers. Importer of all kinds of Fancy Goods. BOOKBINDINGANDPAPER RULING EXECUTED ONTHE SHORTEST NOTICE. POSTAGE STAMPS New Book Catalogues issued Quarterly, Gratis. 4F1R4IIANJOINTSTOCk B ANK. Incorporated by Act of Council (N. S. Wales, 1853).

CAPITAL, X375,000; in 37,500 Shares, of 410 each.

HEAD -OFFICE, GEORGE-STREET, SYDNEY.

Board of Directors. Chairman-THOMAS HOLT, Esq. T. W. Smart, Esq. J. B. Rundle, Esq. J. B. Darvall, Esq. Jno. Brewster, Esq.

General Manager. A. H. Richardson, Esq.

Solicitors. Messrs . Holden and M'Carthy, and Messrs. Rowley, Holdsworth, and Garrick.

QUEENSLAND.

WILLIAM THORNTdN, Esq ...... Local Director. Henry P. Abbott ...... a, Manager. F. Maodermolt ...... Accountant. Little and Browne ...... Solicitors.

QUEENSLAND BRANCHES. Ipswich ...... W. J. Taylor, Pro-Manager. Rgckhampton ...... J. A. Larnach. Warwick ...... J. W. Jackson, RockhamptonBranch .. Coli* Archer, Local Director. Warwick Branch .... J. W. Bucklan4, Local Director.

NEW SOUTH WALES BRANCHES. West Maitland ...... E. S. Ebsworth, Esq., Manager. Braidwood ...... A. J. H. Baass, Esq., „ Goulburn ...... W. C. Greville, Esq., „ Wagga Wagga ...... Wm. Cottee, Esq., Bathurst ...... David K ennedy, Esq., „ Grafton ...... Henry Cuthbert , Esq., Tenterfield ...... Charles Sweetland , Esq., „ Mudgee ...... J. F. Skinner , Esq., Singleton ...... H. P. Stacey , Esq., Yass...... J. B. Carr, Esq., (Acting) „ Newcastle ...... C.N. Thorne , Esq., (Acting) „

AGENCIES. England...... Messrs. Heywood, Kennards, and Co., London. Ireland ...... The Provincial Bank of Ireland, Dublin. Scotland...... The Royal Bank of Scotland, Edin- burgh. Victoria ...... The Bank of Victoria , Melbourne, and its Branches. . Pe Colonial Bank of Australasia and its Branches. South Australia The South Australian Banking Com- pany, Adelaide , and its Branches. Tasmania ...... The Commercial Banking Company, Hobart Town and Launceston. F. MACDERMOTT, Accauntant. UNIONBANK OF AUSTRALIA, BANKER - TO THE GOVERNMENT OP QUEENSLAND. PAID UP CAPITAL, £1,000,000.

UNLIMITEB LIABILITY. This Bank grants Drafts and Letters of Credit upon LONDON, and upon its various Branches, as under, viz. NEW SOUTH WALES- Sydney, Bathurst, Orange, Goulburn. VICTORIA- Melbourne, Geelong, Ballaarat, Sandhurst, Ararat, Maryborough, Castlemaine, Portland. SOUTH AUSTRALIA- Adelaide, Port Adelaide. TASMANIA- Launceston, Hobart Town. NEW ZEALAND- Auckland, Wellington, Napier (Hawke's Bay), Nelson, Littleton and Christ Church (Canterbury), Dunedin (Otago). Drafts are also issued upon Montreal and Quebec (Canada), Halifax (Nova Scotia), and upon New York. Approved Bills negotiated, and Advances made upon Wool and other Produce by purchase of Bills drawn against same ; and Insurances effected on shipments, whether direct or via Sydney. Interest allowed by the Bank on Money deposited for fixed periods of 6 or 12 months, at the rate of 3 and 4 per cent . per annum. The Union Bank of Australia has Agents at Port Louis, Colombo, Calcutta, and Bombay; also at Ipswich, Wide Bay, and Port Curtis, in this Colony. JOHN BURROW TURNER, Manager at Brisbane. THEBAu K oFausT B LAau, (INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER , 1835.) PAID UP CAPITAL,£ 900 000. GUARANTEEFUND, £20'0,000. SUPERINTENDENT- JAMES JOHN FALCONER , ESQUIRE. ASSISTANT-SUPERINTENDENT- DAVID CHARTERIS M'ARTHUR, ESQUIRE. • BRISBANE BRANCH. MANAGER-Edward R. Drury, Esq. ACCOUNTANT--Joseph B. Dixon. Discount Days-Mondays and Thursdays.

IPSWICH BRANC H. MANAGER-George Faircloth, Esq. ACCOUNTANT-George Maughan. Discount Days-Mondays and Thursdays. BRANCHES IN NEW SOUTH WALES: AT SYDNEY, MAITLAND, and NEWCASTLE. -0 IN VICTORIA: AT MELBOURNE, GEELONG, BELFAST, PORT- LAND, WARRNAMBOOL,- BALLAARAT, CASTLEMAINE, SANDHURST, and BEECH- WORTH. -0- IN TASMANIA : AT HOBART TOWN and LAUNCESTON. .-.0 IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA : AT ADELAIDE and KOORINGA, (Agency).

HEAD OFFICE - 4, Threadneedle Street, London. SECRETARY- W. Milliken , Esquire. BAMIOF NEWSOUTH WALK ESTABLISHED 1817. 4 CAPITAL (PAID UP) ...... £750,000. RESERVE FUND ...... 218,000. t HEAD OFFICE, SYDNEY.

Board of Directors : President-J. S. Willis, Esq. Thomas Walker, Esq. Robert Tooth, Esq. George Allen, Esq. Thos. Buckland, Esq. Robert Towns, Esq. Auditors : J: Henderson, Esq. I W. R. Piddington, Esq. Inspector and Secretary-R. Woodhouse, Esq. QUEENSLAND BRANCHES: BaIsBANE---Flhepherd Smith, Esq., Manager. IPswICR-A. C. Lloyd, Esq., Manager. RoCKEAMPTON-Geo. Ranken, Esq., Manager. Toowoomba Agency-Robt. H. D. White, Agent. NEW SOUTH WALES BRANCHES : Maitland, Newcastle, Bathurst, Windsor, Mudgee, Albury, Deniliquin, Tamworth ; Parramatta Street, Sydney. VICTORIA: Melbourne, Geelong, Ballarat, Beecbworth, Sandhurst, Castlemaine, Kyneton, Ararat, Tarrengower, Wangaratta, Chiltern. NEW ZEALAND: Auckland, Christchurch, Lyttleton, Dunedin, Welling- ton, Wanganui, Invercargilla. LONDON BRANCH: Donald Larnach, Esq., Managing Director.

AGENCIES.- Adelong ; other Agenetea in London , Edinburgh , Glasgow, Liverpool, Manches ter , Bristol , Ireland, South Awtralia , Tasmania, Western Australia , Hamburg , New York. Bahia , Mauritius , India, Ceylon, Singapore , Manila , Batavia, Sourabaya , Inglewood , Creswick, Linton. Established January It 1849, and incorporated by Act of Parliament of New South Wales , 20 Victoria, 1887.

PRINCIPAL OFFICE-HIINTER -STREET, SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES. Directory. Chairman-.iames Mitchell, Esq. Deputy Chat as -- OeorgeKing, Esq. John Fairfax , Esq. A. T. Holroyd, Seq. Thomas Holt, Esq. M. E. Murals, Seq. Medical Referee- A. M. a'Beckett , Esq., M.L.C. ConsuUfnp Actuary - -Morrie Birbeck Pell, B.A., Esq., Sydney University. Solicitor - M. Coneett Stephen, Esq. 4clsnsry and Secretary - Robert Thomson, Esq. Local Agents. Brisbane - H. Buckley , Agent. 0. Trundle, Sen ., Acting Agent ; (otlice, corner of Queen and Albert streets). Ipswich - HI, V. Baseali , Agent. Medical Referees. Brisbane - K. Canaan, ESsq. Rookhampton - A. C. Robertson, Esq Ipswich-H. Cballi nor , eq. I Toowoomba- F. O . Sach•e , Esq., M.D. MaryborougA-R. T. Palmer, Seq. Warwick - S. W. Aldred, Seq.

3u'sinfoo of the %ociet. 1. Assurance of every Contingency of Haman Life. EXTRACTS FROM TABLES. LIFE ASSURANCE .- Premiums payable during Life to severe £ 100, with Bona Additions, payable on attaining certain ages, or at previous dath.

Age. Pre mium , Age. Premium . Age. Premium.

20 £1 17 a 40 1 3 4 8 50 £4 9 10 80 2 8 2 45 316 0 60 7 1 4 ENDOWMENTS ASSURANCE .- Premiums to assure £100 , with Bonus Additions, payable at death,

On attaining Age, or at previous death, Age. 50 55 I 60 85

25 £8 10 4 £2 17 6 I £2 9 2 £2 3 7 85 6 11 6 4 15 6 8 15 1 3 3 3 45 10 10 4 6 14 11 5 1 6

Joint Lives Assurances-Survivorship Assarancee - Assurances by ascending or descending scales of Premium - and Assurances of any other sort , with fu ll participation in profits in every case, are also effected by the Society - CLAIMS payable three months after proof of death .- CoaDrrioss with regard to voyaging, residence abroad, &a., &c., unusually liberal.

II. Granting Annuities , Present, Deferred, and Reversionary. M. Gra,Rting Endowments for Children and for Old Age EXTRACT FROM TABLES. ENDOWMENTS FOR CHILDREN .- Premiums to secure £ 100, with Bonus Additions , payable on attaining the age of 14 or 21 years. The premiums actually paid being returned in the event of the previous death of the child.

On attaining Age. On attaining Age. Age. Age. 14 14 I 21

1 £6 5 9 £3 9 6 I 5 £9 19 2 I £4 15 8 8 7 16 5 4 1 2 7 13 2 8 512 5 Policy Fee in every case, 5s. Premiums payable yearly , half-yearly, or quarterly . Surrenders accepted on equitable terms.

DIVISION OF PROFITS. The Investiga ti on completed in 1859 showed that Moss THAN ONE-THIRD OF THE ASSETS WAS PROFIT ACTUALLY REALISED AND INVESTFD . every penny of which is the property of the Assured themselves , while the existing Assets have be en so valued as to render it highly probable that during the progre ss of the next five yea rs they will be prod uctive of an increasing surplus. The following instances will show the results to individual Membe rs of the operations of the past five years. LIFE ASSURANCE POLICY for £ 500, effected at the Age of 40.

Amount Annual Reduction Cash Assured Prospective Date of Bonne, Total of Prem . value of with in lion of addition Policy . previous 1859. Policy , present present tillnextln- Bonus. Bones. bus , restigation. June, 1849 581 13 7 110 19 5 692 18 4 18 7 51 7 3 12 6 7 Mar.,1851 551 8 11 86 9 2 637 18 1 8 12 6 38 8 10 12 7 0 April, 1852 500 0 3 57 0 11 557 0 11 2 6 1 24 15 10 9 10 0 A DEFERRED ANNUj 'Y for the original sum of £20, to commence in 1867, is now £29 Is. 10d. An ENDOWMENT POLICY payable In 1870, on the aominee coming of age, for the original amount of £ 100, is now one or X808 Its. 9d.

IMPORTANT TO INTENDING PURCHASERS. The following privileges have been accorded by Its Act of Incorporation to the Members of this Society, and to than only. Alt its policies are protected against the operation of the Insolvent Iaws after a certain tern , on a gradually increasing scale. Policies efeetsd by married women are prot ected against the debts and contr ol of their hiwpands. The families of small Assurers are saved the expense of letters of Adminis- tration.

Prospectuses , Forms of Proposal , and every information maybe obtained from any of the Society's Agents or Medical Referees in Queensland, and in the other Colonies, or at the Principal Office, Sydney.

ROBERT THOMSON,

Hunter -street , Sydney, Actuary and Secretary. December31st, 1861. to V0VNITZIONSIA000 BOOKEiLERANDSTATIO NER

BRISBANE STREET,

IPSWICH.

Country Orders promptly executed. COLONIAL INVIAKS RIATU GREATLY 1tEDUCED• THESYDNEY INSURANCE COMPANY. )ncorporateb by Act of Council.

Directors: THOMAS HOLT, ESQ., M.L.A., CHAIRMAN M. E. MURNIN, ESQ., DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN RICHARD JONES, EsQ. JOHN FAIRFAX, FSQ. The Hon. S. D. GORDON, ESQ., M.L.C. T. C. BREILLAT, ESQ. SURVEYOR-TAMES HUME, ESQ. SECRETARY- MR. JOSEPH DYER. Office-The corner of Hunter and Pitt Streets, opposite the Herald Office.

Capital, £ 250,000.

RATES. Buildings--Metal or slated roof, stone or brick, 3s: and upwards. Buildings- Shingled or slated roof, 5s. and upwards. Wooden Buildings -- Metal or slated roof, 1Qs. and upwards. Wooden ditto, shingled, special. Country Agents , who will qupply Forms of Application, and receive proposals fr om persons wishing to insure: BRISBANE- Mr. HENRY BUCKLEY. IPSWICH- Mr. HENRY KILNER. DRAYTON and TOOWOOMBA- Mr. W. H. GRooM. or 20

R.A. &J.KINGSFORD, 0

DRAPERS,y BILK v MERCERS, HOSIERS, HABERDASHERS, 0 k N 1d]/ 3II:fU1LV l.1U240 C1J5 l D 3S d' 15 Jd 15 J"ALN.) q QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE.

MILLINERY AND MANTLE ROOMS, LADIES' AND UHILDREIV'S UNDERCLOTRING, 0 TABLE A11ID IRISH LINEN. r oX X. O O C C O C a a ""IMTES 9701119 ESTABLISHED1849. JONAThANHARRiS, GROCER,DRAPER, IRONMONGER, AND WHOLESALEWINE& SPIRIT MERCHANT, A UCTIONEER,

LAND , HOUSE , AND ESTATE AGENT,

CORNER OF ALBERTAM ALBIONSTREETS, WARWICK.

A large assortment of BOOTS and SHOES on hand. ALSO, BUILDING MATERIALS of every description, viz.: Cedar, Pine, Hardwood, Bricks, Lime, &e. Every article supplied, either Wholesale or Retail.

J. H. procures his goods from the VERY BEST HOUSES, and, from his advantageous method of pur- chasing, he is always enabled to sell at REASONABLE RATES. 00 N. B.-Colonial Produce PssrcJbcmed. JOHNE® RUTHERFORD, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 1 ini t aub Druggist Corner of Quay and Denham Str eets, ROCKHAMPTON, HAS always on hand a large and varied assortment of Drugs, Chemicals, Patent Medicines, Per- fumery, Fancy Articles for the Toilet, &c., &c.; and all the Modern Appliances of Surgery. Als ), a superior Stock of plain and fancy Stationery, Account Books, Diaries, &c. A large assortment of School Books, Slates, &c. A supply of the latestNovels receivedmonthly by steamer from Sydney. Settlers and Country Storekeepers liberally dealt with. llTffEfltNGTON & EllO%YE, P1zPCal StDIrPltEiquEms, AUCT IONEE RS, SHIPPI NG, CUSTOMS, AND COMMISSION AGENTS,

QUEENSLAND. IARKIYEIJt &GRutESS, WHOLESALE & RETAIL DRAPERS, TORS & OUTFITTERS, QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE.

A very extensiveand thoroughlyassorted Stock of GENERAL DRAPERY at the LOWEST CASH PRICES.

The'Gentry of Queensland are reminded that our Stockof West of England Goods, &c., Black and Blue Superfines, Ladies' Cloths, Doe- skins, Kerseys, Bedford Cords, &c., Heavy and Fine Drills, Fancy Drills, &c., &c., is by far the largest in Queensland ; and, being now well suppli ed with efficient workmen, we are in a position to execute orders to any extent with despatch, and in our well-known style and quality. Orders from the Interior receive our immediate attention. MARKWELL & GRIMES,

QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE. January lst, 1862. BILLIARDS. THEDOWNS "HOTEL, TARwIQIL. THEPROPRIETOR OFTHE ABOVE WELL- KNOWN COMMODIOUSFAMILY HOTEL Begs to inform his numerous friends and customers in Queensland and the neighboring Colonies, that he has made some VALA$LE IMPRI®S®I®'S to his premises, and is now in a positionto accommodate FAMILIES and GENTLEMEN in a style SUPERIOR to any other establishment in the District. 0 FIRST-CLASS STABLING, AND WELL -GRASSED PADDOCKS. 00 To the lover of the scientific game of BILLIARDS- one of Hopkins 8p Stevens's first- class Billiard Tables on the premises. An experienced marker always in attend- ance. 2INT7.4 RC FLI 217 99 PROPRIETOR. REMOVAL

DRUG AND GROCERY STORE.

M 6-tentist,r zst, (broccr,&c.,

(Legally qualified Chemist and Druggist under the Pro- visions of the Queensland Medical Act of 1861), BEGStoinform hisfriends andthepublic generally that he has REMOVED a few doors further down Queen-street, to his new and extensive premises, lately erected by himself, and situate opposite Mr. E. B. SOUTHERDEN'S, Queen-street, Brisbane, where he hopes by strict attention to business, and keeping nothing but good articles, to merit a continuation of that patronage he has so liberally received.

ALWAYSON HAND- GENUINE DRUGS, SUPERIOR TEAS, SUGARS, FINE FLOUR, OILS and COLOURS, with every other 'article in the DRUG AND GROCERY TRADE.

PRESCRIPTIONS ACCURATELY DISPENSED. HE Undersigned respectfully invite the Inhabitants T of the City of Brisbane, and the Colony of Queensland generally, to call and inspect their large and varied assortment of KEROSINE LAMPS, amongst which are a large variety of Chandeliers, Suspension and Bracket, Table, Chamber, and Pulpit Lamps. A largeStock of the "PURE AMERICAN KEROSINE OIL" always on hand. Balls , Assemb li es , and Private Pa rt ies lit up at the Shortest Notice and on Reasonable Terms. Country Orders punctually attended. AGENTSFOR WHEELER AND WILSON 'S CELEBRATED" LOCK STITCH " SEWING1IACHINES, 13oa (Co21MRLLa 99 QUEEN -STREET, BRISBANE, AND BRISBANE -STREET , IPSWICH.

JOHN DEXTER ,9 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FAMILY GROCER AND 110 t 4, ADELAIDE SEED STORE. F. Al. BAILEY, ,StE1IJ * i1[AN, We„ EDWARD STREET. Has always on band Seeds of the very best description, both for the Flower and Kitchen Garden, and Field. Bulbs, Vines, Fruit Trees, and Choice Plants introduced at their proper Seasons. 2 LLIAS S. BUTHERF©RD, zanta6ttnrz5x W rnggxst,

° ROCSIUMPTON. a

p o o a o a y a REMOVAL. SLATER AND 00.,

WATCHMAK15 & WEL ,S9 } BO 11Ki AW P t ONs New Premises -( on and after 7th January , 1862), DENEIAM STREET, (Next the Post QBece), AOCKMA WP TON. T. TAYLOR, PRL TILALW A S,C M R AND MANUFACTURINGJEWELLER,, NEXT DOORTO CAPTAINFEEZ 'S STORE, ROOR ,IAGAPTOO N. P. D.IIANF!ELDI GENERAL STOREKEEPER AND COMMISSION ACENT, (knuiStrut, ROCKHAMPTON. R.tKELLfflETT, GENERALSTORRRRRPRR9 ROCKHAMPTON'. NEW DRAPERY PREMISES, QUEEN-STREET, BRISBANE. E. H. BOOTH, Formerly of the firm of Booth and Balsi llie, Melbourne and Sandhurst, Begs respectfully to inform the Ladies and Inhabitants of Queensland that Extensive P re mises in Queen -street have been opened by him under the name of EDINBURGH HOUSE, AS A WHOLESALEAND RETAIL DRAPERY WAREHOUSE. The Premises , erected expressly for him by Mr . PETRIE, have been fittedup with every modern convenienceand im- pruvernent . Ladies will find , upon visiting this Establishment, that the spacious width and extent of the P re mises will allow of a much greater display and variety of Stock being shown than has hitherto been the case in Brisbane. E. H. B. begs to call attention to the foll owing , in all of which he can offer to the Public of Queensland the Qt.kt of a a ni bn Sltorhof (bah, most carefully selected with a view to the re quirements of this Colony. By the class of Goods kept , and Novelties as they appear in the Home Markets being regularly sent out, he will enable the Ladies and Inhabitants of Queensland to obtain all the NOVELTIES OF DRESS in their own Met ropolis. r Special attention will be paid to the CLOTHING DExAR MEN AND THE STOCK OF GENTLEMEN'S FIRST-CLASSREADY-MADE CLOTHING Will be found on Inspection to be very Superior. MOURNING AND WEDDING OUTFITS. STOREKEEPERS AND SETTLERS SUPPLIED ON REASONABLE TERMS. All Orders promptly and eerefutly executed. The Modern System of selling at a Small Profit for CASH will be strictly adhered to ; thus avoiding the making of Bad Debts, which have to be paid by every Customer in the extra Price paid hr Ooods. All Goods marked in Plain Figures , from Which no Deviation will be made. AGENTFOR THECOLONIAL FIRE,LIFE, AND FIDELITY GUARANTEE INSURANCECOMPANY, PROSPECTUSES OF WHICH CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION TO B. H. BOOTH. 8408AN NONE) QUEEN-STREET. BRADLEY&RhJNE1t Beg to call the attention of the Public to their new, cheap, and seasonableStock of D AOr" ER Y, which will be found to comprise a very large variety of LADIES' & CHILDREN'S MANTLES, DRESSES, HOSIERY, GLOVES, AND UNDER CLOTHING. Also, everything suitable for Family Use. Sheetings , Blankets , Quilts, Connterpanes, Hackabacks, Flannels , Window Hollands, Mosquito Nets , Calico, Long Cloth, &c. `6t (l tltthUCt1Y's(flotzllg ptratt>Ixeitt will be found to contain everything suitable for the presentSeason in CENTS ', YOUTHS' AND BOYS ' CLOTHING, at Prices unequalled in the Colony.

BRISBANEHOUSE, (Next the Australian Joint Stock Bank), QUEEN -STREET, SB1 .DAN.t SAW .1 7LL S, WILLIAM-STREET, BRISBANE. re following are the prices of pine and hardwood timber at this mill :- 1 Pine flooring, weather , and lining boards, scantling, and battens, at 16s. Rd. per 100 feet . Boards 12 in. x I in. at 17s 6d. Boards wider charged ex tr a. at the rate of id per foot for every four inches. Hardwood scantling , at 22s. per 100 feet , for lengths not above 14 feet; 14 to 18 feet, at 23L; 18 to 22 feet, at 24s. Hardwood hoards, at 249. per 100 feet. Flooring and lining , planed, 21s. ad. Ditto and ditto, planed, tongued , and grooved, 22s. Boards , 12 inches x 1 inch, chamfered , rab., and planed , 23o. 6d.

CEDAR BOARDS. 4-inch at 3d. per foot I 1-inch at 4d per foot 11-inch at 64d. per foot 4-inch at aid ditto l}-inch at 41d ditto 2-in ch at 7d. ditto I inch at Bid ditto 14-inch at bid ditto I BROADBOARDS charged extra. 14 inches to 16 inches at id per foot 24 inches to 28 inches at Id per foot 16 inches to 20 inches at id ditto 28 inches to 32 inches at li ditto 20 inches to 24 inches at Id ditto 82 inches to 36 inches at 14d ditto Inferi or and damaged timber at from 10s. per 100 feet and upwards, ac- cording to quality. GtrrrsaS, cut out of pine, 4 inches x 4 inches , at 21d. per lineal foot, under 20 feet in length ; above that length 2$d. HARDWOOD drains made to order from 4 incbts to 2 feet square- outside measure . This is the cheapest way of making a bridge over a small water- course. Price , from 6d. to 4s. per lineal foot. HARDWOODPalings , 6 feet long, at l Is. per 100. Vies trowelling, 14-inch by f -inch or thereby, at 22s. per 1000 lineal feet. GATESmade any practicable size and pattern to order. CUTfirewood , delivered within three quarters of a mile , at 6s. per load. COALS, at 20s. per ton ; delivered, 24s. WM. PETTIGREW. Brisbane, let December, 1861. W. J. C UUE%, BOOT & SHOE MAKER,

DALBY,=

IS preparedto execute orders for any description of work -Jockey Boots, Napoleons, Wellingtons, Elastic Side Boots, &o., &c.-in a style equal to any to be obtained in the Colony, at reasonable Prices, and of the best materials.

He that fights and runs away, Lives to fight another day;" But runners oft their labor lose, For want of we ll-made Boots and Shoes. GEORGESMITH, BAKER & CONFECTIONER, STEWART STREET, DALBY.

BRIDE,Twelfth , Pound, and Queen Cakes; Wine, Lemon, and Dessert Biscuits ; and all kinds of articles in the Trade.

LIRMNADE AND @oODAU/ATER. Country Orders executed. SSISMA .VE SAW MILLS, WILLIAM -STREET , BRISBANE.

The following are the prices of pine and hardwood timber at this m il l -- Pine flooring , weather , and lining boards , scantling , and battens, at 16s. 8d . per 100 feet . Boards 12 in. x I in at 17s 6d , Boards wider charged extra at the rate of Id per foot for every four inches. Hardwood scantling . at 22s. per 100 feet, for lengths not above 14 feet; 14 to 18 feet, at 2.3s.; 18 to 22 feet, at 24s. Hardwood hoards, at 249. per 100 feet. Flooring and lin in g, planed , 21s. 9d. Ditto and ditto, pla ited , tongued, and grooved, 22s. Boards, 12 inches x 1 inch, chamfered , rab., and planed , 23s 6d.

CEDAR BOARDS. 4-inch at 3d per foot ( 1- inch at 4d per foot I1-inch at 61d. per foot 1F-inch at 3,d ditto 1.-inch at 41d ditto 2-inch at 7d. ditto -. inch at 31d ditto Id - inch at Old ditto

BROAD BOARDS charged extra. 14 inches to 16 inches at :d per foot 24 inches to 28 inches at Id per foot lb inches to 20 inches at ld ditto 28 inches to 32 inches at 11 ditto 20 inches to 24 inches at Id ditto 32 inches to 36 inches at 1ld ditto Inferior and damaged timber at from los. per 100 feet and upwards, ac- cording to quality. GUTTERS, at out of pine, 4 inches x 4 inches , at 21d. per lineal foot, under 20 feet in length ; above that length 21d. HARDwonD drains made to order from 4 inches to 2 feet square - outside measure. This is the cheapest way of making a bridge over a small water- course . Price, from Gd. to 4s. per lineal foot. HARDwooD Palings, 6 feet long, at I Is. per 100. VINE tresselling , 11-inch by 1- inch or thereby , at 22s per 1000 lineal feet. t1AT$S made any practicable size and pattern to order. Cur hrewood, delivered within three quarters of a mile, at 6s. per load. COALS, at 20s. per ton , delivered, 24s. WM. PETTIGREW. Brisbane, Ist December, 1861. W. J. MUM BOOT & SHOE MAKER,

DALBY,

IS prepared to execute orders for any description of work-Jockey Boots, Napoleons , Wellingtons, Elastic Side Boots, &c., &c.-in a style equal to any to be obtained in the Colony , at reasonable Prices, and of the best materials.

He that lights and runs away, Lives to fight another day;" But runners oft their labor lose, For want of well-made Boots and Shoes.

GFJ®RGSMITH, BAKER & CONFECTIONER, STEWART STREET, DALBY. BRIDE,Twelfth, Pound,and Queen Cakes; Wine, Lemon, and Dessert Biscuits; and all kinds of articles in the Trade.

L 1950DRQDE Gfffij &©DQWL 1r a. Country Orders executed. M E11jr DALBY. JOSIAH 1IIILSTEAD.

(Under the Patronage of His Excellency the Governor , Sir G. F. BOWEN.)

GENTLEMEN travelling will find Accommodation not to be surpassed in Queensland, at

THE OLD-ESTABLISHED HOUSE, 7N6 P1O RL THE STABLES ALWAYS SUPPLIED WITH THE BEST HAY AND CORN.

Loose weaves 1 r Horses.

A WELL-WATEREDPADDOCK,

Every possible care taken, but no responsibility for Horsespaddocked.

J. MILSTEAD,

PROPRIETOR. HENRY KOCH, 9 M AND GENERALSTOftEkEPfl1 DRAYTON STREET, I)ALBY.

A large Assortment of the above constantly on hand. JAMES DOUGLAS, CARPENTERAND JOINER, UNDERTAKER & GENERAL CONTRACTOR, SCARLET STREET, DALBY. Doors and Sashes always on hand. JAMES LAVERCOMBE, FAMILYBUTCHER, MYALL STREET, DALBY. Well Cured Beer always on hand. DALBY, D4RLIG DOWNS, MMIII TAMgaII o BLACKSMITH,FARRIER, AND WHEELWRIGHT, ESTABLISHEDIN DALBY SINCE 1851,

EGS to inform his Customers, and the Public in B general , that be has on hand a stock of Work- manship and Materials that cannot , at the present time, be equalled in the Colony for quantity and quality. DANIEL CORKILL challenges the Colony with his Waggons and Drays ; but it is useless to tell ninety- nine persons out of a hundred that, if they want the best Dray in the Colony , they must go to Daniel Corkill, as the Squatters and Bullock -drivers all know it to be the fact ; and all the country Publicans say, when they come to Dalby, °' Why , Dan, the Bullock -drivers know your Drays as well by the rattle of the axle as they do by looking at them ; they often bet nobblers on them up our way, when they are a mile off." DANIEL CORKILL, BLACKSMITH, FARRIER, AND WHEELWRIGHT,

DALBY, DARLING DOWNS. E D U C A T 10 N.

MR. S. H. IND, (An English -trained Teacher), WHOHOLDS HIGH-CLASS CERTIFICATES FROM THE BOARDSOF EDUCATIONINNEW SOUTH WALES AND QUEENSLAND,

Begs to inform the Inhabitants of the Districts sur- rounding Dalby that he wi ll be prepared to receive

Boarders after the Christmas Vacation . The course of

Instruction being thorough, and including the higher branches of Elementary Education, viz :-Vocal Music,

Crayon and Mass Drawing, Mathematics, &c., will completely obviate the necessity, hitherto existing, for removing the Youth of the Darling Downs to Brisbane or Ipswich.

References can be given, if required, to Clergymen and Gentry in both Colonies.

TERMS MAY BE KNOWN ON APPLICATION AS ABOVE. R. & T. ROSS, Jamiip 33utcf rro,

STEWART & MARBLE STREETS,

DALBY.

N.B.-We ll Cured Beef always on hand.

BUILDER,CABINET VIKER,

IN GENINILNNNTi ®,HUUOR

SCARLET STREET, BOOT, SHOE, & GENERAL STORE, DRAYTON STREET, DALBY.

always on hand a good assortment of BOOTS and SHOES , of all descriptions. Travellers will find this a good house for a refit.

G 7.111t1J 1n 2>0(co L WHEELWRIGHT AND GENERAL BLACKSMITH, CLOSE TO MR. A. P. GAYLER'S CRITERION HOTEL, DALBY. -4 - N.B.-Horses Neatly Shod.

HE TOOWOOMBA CHRONICLE AND QUEENSLAND T ADVERTISER is published every THURSDAY :MORNING, and forwarded throughout the District by post and otherwise . Terms of Subscription :- Four Shillings per Quarter , if paid in advance ; or Six Shillings at the end of the Quarter . The charges for Advertising areas follows:-For two lines, 1'. each insertion ; four lines, 2s. each insertion; eight lines, 3s. each insertion ; every additional eight lines of space, One Shilling . Advertisements inserted six consecutive issues, 10 per cent . discount ; thirteen insertions . 15 per cent . discount ; and twenty -six insertions, 25 per cent, discount. DARIUS HUNT , Proprietor.

JOSEPH WLLES, BUISHMfiNIS AR S, DR AYTO N.

N.B.-GOOD ACCOMMODATION FOR TRAVELLERS. CRITERION1101Et1 DAL98. A.P.GATLER, vroffidgr.

SUPERIOR ACCOMMODATION

FOR

TRAVELLERS OF ALL CLASSES.

PRIVATE DRAWING ROOM FOR LADIES.

The Stable is always well supplied with Best oaten Hay and Corn.

SECURE AND FERTILE PADDOCKS. M M M M 8

DOHA HEALEY Begs to inform the Public that he has EXCELLENT ACCOIIODAT ION, WITU GOOD SITTING AND BED ROOMS,

FOB TRAVELLERS AND RESIDENTS. Q f Nisi mints sgi . A SECURE AND WELL-GRASSED PADDOCK. FIRST-RATESTABLING, WITH ABUNDANCE OF SOUND CORN AND HAY.

ATRIAL IS RESPECTFULLY INVITED.

J. H. has secured the Services of competent and obliging Servants in every Department. An experienced Groom on the Premises, who thoroughly understands his Business in fitting Gentlemen out either in Four-in-Hand, Unicorn, Tandem, or any other Style in which they may pay him a visit. UAUM ANNO DOMINI 1849. SIDNEY'SSTORES, ®T&UU G®Etk, SIBLING DOWNS CENTRALQ EE SL N Inmiz 1OREKEEPEII,IIPORTER, AND GENERALMERCHANT, COMMISSION& GENERALAGENT, M401tsaJtattb gtt a 1, The Undersigned has always on hand Flour, Tea, Sugar, Tobacco, Boots, Slops, Blankets, Horse Harness, and every Article required by Squatters, Bushmen, or Overlanders. GOODSAND WOOL STORED IN DEPARTMENTS. OVERLANUEItS CAN HAVE THE USE OF SECURE YARDS OF NOT LESS THAN ONE ACRE. Established in Business in the North since 1849. Parties travelling with Stock can obtain fr om the Undersigned correct practical Information as to the Routes, Roads , and Waterholes , whether bound for the West or North West. JOHN SIDNEY. Dalby, January 1st, 1862. WIL A 11115 TINRATE *9- TM= IRON 'Wool EDWARD ST T, BRISBANE, ANxouxc$s to the Public of Qucenslatid that he his, recently,hand ;=set at great expensef fitted tgb)ish- sent wit -imprdrrediidhinnry; consequently, that he is now ih a ;wsitimt to make and supply, on the most reaeoneble` terms, and- on the shortest notice, GALVANIZED IRON GUTPERING, half-round andO.G. TANKS , from 100 to 10041 gallons. Stecekeeppeers and Squatters 'supplied at the, cheapest rate with Tinware of every description. A ll Orders punctually and pro$nptlg attended to. P'LA tLA 'M JAMES LANG, Importer•gf and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in British Plate , Sheet , Crown , Colored , and RoUed Ro gh, Plate Window Glass, Paper -hangings, White Lead, Oil, Turpentine , Varnishes, Brushes, Gold Leaf, and Painters ' Materials generally. Glass in cases, as sent from t he Works, er,eut to any size, and carefully re-packed and sent to part of the Colony. Always on hand , a large andvsscortment of the choicest Paper -hanging , suitable Drs wP9 " , 7!ining, Parlour , and Bedrooms, Staff, , # Mces, &c. Prepared Paints ready Po Ise: House Decorator, Painter, Grainer, Sign W$aer , anti Glaaiar. Work performed in Town or Country. 111 Orders promptly attended to (3) a) ju Ali M2,114 J ronmong *, an IT.=

CHINAAND GLASSDEALER,

° 0 QL UM LM &,-V 63°LPLl3 .MZUB °CPo

BRIE TAINKI-tumlifl, Auitinueea AN6 GENERAL COMMISSION A6ENT8y

QUEEN & ALBERT STREETS, BRISBANE

REGISTRY OFFICE FOE SERVANTS

W. KEATI1, FANCY BREAD AND BRUIT

GREEK STREET, BRISBANE, (Near the Natwnat Schools)

-- 4

W K , in thanking the public for the li beral support which has been accorded to him duriug tie Ott Eight Years, begs to assure them that his bpstness is still conducted in such a manner as to give complete satisfaction to his customers (3*) 4011% &GEORGE11ARRIS. IMPORTERS OF GENERAL MERCHANDISE, SHIPPING,COIIIIISSION, ANDGENERAL AGENTS, NORTH BRISBANE, CHI-G. CAMPEN WHOLESALE & RETAIL - T.OBAOOONIST, QUEEN STREET, (Opposite the Union Bank), BRISBANE. IMPORTER OF ALL KINDS OF TOBACCO AND CIGARS . MEERSCHAUM PIPES , FANCY PIPES, WAX VESTAS , FUSSES, AND FANCY ARTICLES, Bro. A THE FRENCH GLOVE DEPOT, (barb 2trut, lartt Kris aut, AND 10, HUNTER STREET, SYDNEY. MA'A"? GI, Ulwqt, (Sole Successor to JULES FILLET), IMPORTER OF The Best Paris Kid Gloves, Riding and Driving Gloves, Gauntlets, Perfumery, Shirts , Collars, Neck-ties, Hosiery, Combs, Brushes, Work Boxes, Dressing Cases, Umbrellas, French Boots and Shoes, Carriage Bags, &c., &c. *y * Orders promptly and carefull y attended to. 4 NORTHBRISBANE. ESTABLISHED 1845. r(1HF, undersigned begs to remind Country Gentlemen and ..L Residents in Town that all Medicines , Medical Prepara- tions, add sundry articles,sold as above, are 'obtainedfrom English houses of long standing and good repute, and in every case will be warranted G enuine and Quite Free from Adulteration. The Invalid Public may depend upon obtaining from this Establishment the Genuine . DUGONGOIL, Free from the Adulteration which has lately been so disgrace- fully practised upon the Public . This assurance is given from the fact of the Fish being caught by men in the Advertiser's employ , and the Oil being prepared on the Premises. It may al so be obtained in the same Genuine State fr om the Appointed Agents , Messrs . ROW and ELLIOTT , Sydney ; and Messrs. WESTGAIITH , ROSS, and CO ., Melbourne. T. S. WARRY, I. walenub letail 1tenristanb larugg st.

M Amn 9 9 CAT11 AND RESTAURANT, QUEEN STREET , BRISBANE, ( Opposite Parliament Houses). ItteNNSIBIT i®®PO ItHfl*tL EXCELLENT BED ROOMS.

(Formerly of " Petty 's Hotel ," Sydney , and the "Northumberland Hotel, " West Maitland), PROPRIETOR, TABLE D'HOTE DAILY, FROM 1 TILL 3 P.M. PRACTICALWATCHMAKER & OPTICIAN, QUEEN STREET, (Next to Mr. P. Mayne's), NORTH BRISBANE. ALEXANDER HOOD, HOUSE & SIGN PAINTER, tr-vanytand (6I3 itr, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL WHITE LEAD, GLASS, AND PAPER-HANGING STORES, GEORGESTREET , BRISBANE. PATRICKAYNE, $nmi1gand iarrau Tutrler,

QUEEN STREET NORTHBRISBANE.

Shipping Supplied on reasonable Terms. Nyn m6 QPeurge16arrig t NORTH BRISBANE,

ARE PURCHASERS OF WOOL, TALLOW, HIDES, &c., AT MARKET RATES.

SADDLES & HARNESSMAKE}, OPPOSITE THE GENERAL POST OFFICE, QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE. A superior assortment of every article in the Trade. LIQUIDGAS, The Purest, Cheapest, Cleanest , and Safest Light for Public or Private Use. S the first and largest Importers of this most A valuable Kerosine Light, we can safely recommend it as not being in the least inflammable ; but we cannot answer for the inferior article that is elsewhere sold, and would caution the Public against purchasing it. A large and varied assortment of Lamps always on

Parties wishing to become Agents for any of the up-country districts will be treated with liberality. Goods packed with care , and sent to all parts of the Colony. J. & V. PHILLXPS, QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE, AND BRISBANE STREET, IPSWICH. ARTHURMARTINS

A 7CITITTI! m

AND -VAL UER, CITY AUCTION BART, BRISBANE.

ARTHUR MARTIN'S

ANN AND ADELAIDESTREETS, BRISBANE. SYDNEY 11O1TSE.

NF . W MMAMM7ETOMLTU QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE. W. C. LUSH, DRAPER,HOMER, AND GENERAL OUTFITTER.

REPLETE WITH EVERY NOVELTY IN Mantlesanti It i innnu'+ JULIUSHAIMBERGER, NORTH ®®UTR&LIU Um USIC2STATIONERY, AND

2S :[l5d Z; 2547 JoaJSl 2Sg BELL STREET, IPSWICH.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, STRINGS, MUSIC, INSTRUCTION BOOKS, MUSIC PAPER, AND MANUSCRIPT BOOKS.

For the principal importers of which in Sydney, J. H. is Agent, and which he`can supply at Sydney prices, Every description of Stationery, Toys, and Fancy Goods. J. H., having already established connections with London and German houses., will shortly be able to supply all the articles of the trade on the most advan- tageousterms. Purchasers will have the full benefit of J. H.'s extended experience in all matters pertaining to the MusicalTrade.

H Member of the Conservatories and Universities of Leipsic and Vienna. All communications respecting Private and Class Lessons in Music and Languages will meet with prompt attention. TERMS:-PRIVATE LESSONS- Musia, per quarter ...... £5 .0 LANGUAGES, do ...... 4 0 FINISHING LESSONS IN MUSIC.. 0 5 each. ESTABLISHED 1844.

I

I I IUII RI ,IUIIIIIIIIFMI 2ADOL.EIA MARME . MAKER

C. CORRY, SLO I1 N IND BLINKS$ ®UUER IPSWICH, QUEENSLAND. A large and varied Assortment of all kinds of Saddlery and Appointments , imported direct to order from the best Manufacturers in Walsall , at the Smallest Advance on 4glish Cost.-All kinds of Colonial made Saddlery and Harness.

EEPAIRS PROPERLY AND NEATLY E$EOUTED. COUNTRY ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. I, a M. LEVY, Vrnnnal Star-Areprrs, BRISBANE STREET, IPSWICH. JULIUSHAIIVIBERGER, N0R71H1, US T R LI!tN1 USI C 9 ST T E Y AND

BELL STREET, IPSWICH.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, STRINGS, MUSIC, INSTRUCTION BOOKS, MUSIC PAPER, AND MANUSCRIPT BOOKS.

For the principal importers of which in Sydney, J. II. is Agent, and which he can supply at Sydney prices. Every description of Stationery , Toys, and Fancy Goods. T. H., having already established connections with London and German houses, will shortly be able to supply all the articles of the trade on the most advan- tageous terms. Purchasers will have the full benefit of J. H.'s extended experience in all matters pertaining to the Musical Trade. 773!L_17, 11DIM Member of the Conservatories and Universities of Leipsic and Vienna. All communications respecting Private and Class Lessons in Music and Languages will meet with prompt attention. TERMS -PRIVATE LESSONS- Music, per quarter ...... t5 0 LANGUAGES, do ...... 4 0 FINISHING LESSONS IN MUSIC.. 0 5 each. ESTABLISHED 1844.

il Ifllll(11111MR-4V -,'1111111111191 SADDLER A MARME I MAKER

C. CTORRY, SIDULER19 0 HARNE$$MIKE IPSWICH, QUEENSLAND. A large and varied Assortment of all kinds of Saddlery and Appointments, imported direct to order from the best Manufacturers in Walsall, at the Smallest Advance on English Cost.-All kinds of Colonial made Saddlery and Harness.

REPAIRS PROPERLY AND NEATLY EXECUTED. COUNTRY ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. H. M. LEVY,

BRISBANE STREET, IPSWICH. IDi Ba444 161010 fARASE&FAMILY BUCHER,

CORNER OF EAST & SOUTH STREETS,

AND

WEST NNIUN®NZ STRUT IPSWICH.

11=116161t ADVITA

A" PERSON OR PERSONS VISITING

SHOULD TRY THE REAL'BURTON ALL T 1019HAD AT THIS COTTAGE OF CONTENT, NEXT HOUSE BUT ONE TO- THE WHARF, EAST S TliEET. G. 4'R. THOMAS GIVEN$ &T I1M

IMPORTEROF MORTON 'S PATENTCHRONOMETER.

HIS Patent has been pronounced, by the highest authorities , to be superior to Tthe Original Chronometer. AS A POCKET WATCH, it combines all that is exce ll ent in two of the most popular escapements- the Chronometer and Lever.

2 4, A A 40 FINOT92111PM1IST® OPPOSITE ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, IPSWICH. JOHN MACDONALD, O' M''319 (OPPOSITE THE COURT HOUSE), IPSWICH. G.POWIJEN CABINETMAKER, UPHOLSTERER, AND

BRISBANE STREET,

N. B. -ALL KINDS OF FURNITURE MADE PORTABLE, AND CAREFULLY PACKED.

IPSWICH: --0- H. M. REEVE, PROPRIETOR.

A MOSTextensive and carefully-selected Stock of Plain and Fancy Drapery, Silks, Mantles, Shawls, Dresses, &c., &c., &c., always on hand. As H. M. REEVE aims at keeping none but Goods of the best quality, and charges the lowestpossible advance, purchasers may always rely upon getting the. best possible value for their money. The Millinery Department is in the hands of a superior ARTISTE. Patterns forwarded to- any part of the Interior. Orders carefully and punctually executed. G. C. ROSS,

EAST STREET , J 4Y3iCJJ+ a.. MAX2840 WATCHMAKER 8 JEWELLER, EAST STREET, IPSWICH, Hes always on band a well selected Stock of English and French WATCHES, of first quality , and by the beet makers. Also, A Fine Assortment of Gold, Silver , and Electr o- Plate. ay Country Orders promptly executed. ROBERTALAND, IRONMONGER, BELL-STREET, IP1717CM •911NS UN® 9210 MNI, Queen-Street , Brisbane. ESTABLISHED 1854. I'VOX POPULI FORTISSIMA EST." •

The Proprietor of the above widely -famed and celebrated estab- lishment, desires to call the attention of his countless friends, and the public generally , to his efficacious and renowned TOOTSACHE DROPS, by which hundreds have been relieved from the agonies of this most' terrible ' of all the " ills that flesh (or bone either ) is heir to." " Instant relief and speedy cure " might truthfully be im- printed on the bottles , were there a glass manufacturer here to do it ; but-in the meantime T. C. D. is content to let the voices of many relieved sufferers hymn their praises. The JWlo8 4Fuaito Lotion, Also prepared exclusively by Drew , is wonderfully efficacious in speedily allaying the irritation caused by the bite of those winged plagues that nightly " feed fat their grudge" against the human race by the extraction of our life blood, and make especial prey of the " new chum ," the liquid of whose veins has not been thinned by the warmth of our climate. Apply this lotion, and the unsightly puncture vanishes . T. C. D. can only try it." say," Genastte Dugong Oil Always .in stock . This oil is prepared upon the fishing grounds in Moreton Bay, after the most approved methods . It is sub- jected . to no inju rious process of filtration , and is warranted pure and genuine . It is strongly recommended by the faculty for pulmonary diseases , and has proved effectual in thousands of instances where cod liver oil has altogether failed. Space will not permitan enumerationof all the excellencies of DREW'S .NTIBILIOUS PILES, DREW 'S Dugong and Castor Oil Pomatum, DREW S BEIDLITZ POWDERS, and all the various other preparations made up at his establishment ; but it is sufficient to say that they stand unrivalled. The utmost attention is paid to tfie making up of prescriptions, and no delay is allowed to try the patience of the applicant for medicine. Observe T. C. DREW, Queen-street , Brisbane. FORTITUDE VALLEY. T. C. DREW has much pleasu re in informing the Inhabit- ants of Fortitude Valley that he has taken 'premises in Ann- street , which he has opened as a Branch of the QUEENSLANDDRUG STORE, QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE. 3a' 2 02 2 23

FLOWER SEEDS .- Ten-Shilling Packets, containing 20 torts, sent by post to any part of Queensland. HERB SEEDSforwarded by post. HOCKINGS'COLLECTION OFSEEDS. ENTLEMEN in the Interior , who have not experienced G Glardeners, shouldbe particularto orderthe " Collectionof Seeds," which includes a sufficient supply of all the Garden Seeds in ordinary cultivation for a Large Garden for Twelve Months , for the sum of £3 . A small and very choice assort- ment . E1 lOs. s • AGRICULTURAL SEED$ .- Lucerne, Clover, Rye (grass, Meadow Grass, Sainfoin, Sped Oats, Seed Barley, Maize, Canary, Hemp, Rape, Rye, and other seeds of the most superiorquality. A. J. H©OKXNUS, SEEDSMAN, QUEEN STREET , 8 ItI I MNE. HOCEINGS ' NURSERY , SOUTH BRISBANE.

ueen.street, BRISBANE.

JOH 9110%4011 THE FIRST ESTABLISHED - k1 to Ootanb ,fat acttauseitr (Qtrttu[at , Celebratedfor the Ficellence of its Codoniad Manufacture.

T G., whilst thanking his Friends and the Public fo rJ • the liberal patronage received, begs to intimate that he has extended his resources in every department, and will, in future, be prepared to meet every demand, whether for European or Colonial Manufactured Goods, on terns defying competition, (4) COLONIALSUGAR REFINING COMPANY, SYDNEY.

AGENT FOR Q UEENSBAND, EDWARD B. POSHEST, QUEEN'S WHARF, NORTH BRISBANE. Ifta. 72011114115 BOOKBINDER,MACHINE RULER, AND ACCOUNTBOOK MANUFACTURER, GEORGE STREET, BRISBANE SHIPPINGAND FAMILY BUTCHER.

J1:f7 d9JLS Z&J Lsl 9 (SUCCESSOR TO J. & W. ORR), STANLEY QUAY, SOUTH BRISBANE.

%ES,LLSSUPPLIED PUNCTUALLY BYBOAT TO ANY PART OF THE RMYER, Cash purchaser of Hides. Qafuslau6uark n I rungMau. W. FAIRFAX 1 NOW PREPARED TO EXECUTE TOM IPMI15191 BOTH PLAIN AND FANCY, ON THE MOST MODERATETERMS.

N.B.-All orders for any kind of Printing sent direct to W. Fairfax, will receive prompt attention. ADDREss : Queensland Guardian " Office, Queen- street, Brisbane. NEWSOFTHE NOO.THS fyf a IIr g (lx nzrl Contains the LATEST and MOST RELIABLE INTELLIGENCE from Central and North Queens- land, and is rapidly .increasing in circulation. Advertisements may be forwarded to Mr. C. Trundle, Brisbane ; Mr. W. H. Buzacott, Rockhamp- ton ; Mr. Hetherington, Gladstone ; Mr. Auerbach, Gayndah ; Mr. Zerbe, Taroom, or to the office of publication, Maryborough. C. H. BUZACOTT, PBAPBSEToR. (4*) 0 0 0 .10 0 0 0 A 0 0 0 0 )o 3 0 1Z O CRITEMORd 0 0

JOHN W. BENNETT, 0 nlealenn detail DRAPERY,GROCERY, AND IRONMONGERY STORES, AND WINE AND SPIRIT O MERCHANT 0 0 r COUNTRY ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 03n

0 0' 10 0- 0 0

O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Irlr0 39

WARWICK,

R. DAVID BUGI

/1HI; proprietor of this Hotel , begs to inform the j public and travellers that every arrangement has been made for the convenience and comfort of those visiting here.

The WFNES and SPIRITS are of the best descrip- tion.

The BED -ROOMS are well ventilated , and neatly furnished.

The STABLES are most complete.

A well ventilated BILLIARD ROOM on the pre- mises, with one of Thurston's best Tables. Good marker always in attendance.

Parties who may favor this establishment with a visit wi ll find every comfort an Hotel can provide, at charges equal to, if not below, those of other Houses.

Private Apartments for Families , and Dinners pro- vided at the shortest possible notice. JOHN fONNOLLT, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

1S ZIT 077M ITT 1151 329 GAYNDAH.

Wines, Spirits, Groceries, Drapery, Ironmongery, Saddlery, Haberdashery, 8f c., 8fc., 8cc. JOSEPHNEIITHI S0 ®WR®R® 1RRRU MAKER, A.LBION STREET, WARWICK. "AUSTRALIAN HOTEL," CORNEROF ALBION AND FITZROYSTREETS, WARWICK. FREDERICK RDSON; PROPRIETOR.

PRIVATE APARTMENTS FOR FAMILIES. Nints, Shits, ir., of tjt Nut ptscription. Good Accommodationfor Travellers. FIRST CLASS STABLING. WM. G REINTER, PRACTICALWATCHMAKER & JEWELLER, PALMERIN STREET, WARWICK.

14Maao U aa011v BOOT-MAKER 5 PALMERIN STREET, WARWICK.

WILLIAM CARTER, 66 1, 02 PALMERIN STREET , WARWICK.

WINES and SPIRITS of the best description. The Stabling is most complete.

'Ltqa (LATE E. HUGHES), SADDLE AND HARNESS ITAKER, NEXT POWERS' HOTEL, CAPPERSTREET , CAYNDAH. Every description of work done at the lowest price, and the best workmanship guaranteed. WILLNHUGE SADDLEAND HARNESS MAKER, AL B IO N STREE T , WARWICK. 11. ADEVILLE, SADDLER $c HARNESS IvIAKEE, GAYNDAH & TAROOM.

All Descriptions of Saddlery to be had in first-rate style , and Repairs done at the shortest notice.

0 MARYBOROUGH INN, MA11361014 WIDE BAY.

MESSRS. HOWARDAND WALKER.

GOOD ACCOMMODATION FOR TRAVELLERS.

Excellent Paddocks, Hay, Corn, %c.

T STABLING FOR HORSES. DOWER&P MANUFACTURERS OF

Z bbing and Nara sf MARYBOROUGH, WIDE BAY.

A Largeand We ll AssortedStock of every description of LINT 110 8125283 Constantly on Hand.

THE TRADE LIBERALLY DEALT WITH. DOWZER & PURSER, STOREKEEPERS, AUCTIONEERS,

AND GENERAL. AGENTS, MARYBOROUGH. -00- Large and Commodious Premises for the Reception of WOOL and all kinds of PRODUCE. -0- The Highest Price given for WOOL, TALLOW, HIDES, 4-c., 8fc. MESSRS. HUTCHINSON, HUNTER,& CO., M0C W H4ZIPTON, AUCTIONEERS, Stock, Station, and GeneralCommission Agents. A1312tal 122140 WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANT; Commission A General Agent, LITTLE QUAY AND EAST STREET, ROCKHAMPTON, ALWAYS FOB . SALE AT MS STORES - SUoAR-Pampanga ; bright Mauritius ; Company's crystals ; snowdrop and loaf. TEA--Congou , best brands. TOBACCO- Eagle brand and Barrett's, in bond and duty paid. WINES and SPIRITS-Port ; sherry ; hock ; Phelison 's champagne , quarts and pints ; West India rum ; brandy, dark and pale ; Geneva; whiskey; old tom. ALE and PORTER - Beat brands , quartz and pints DRIED APPLEn -- Quarter and half barrels GROCERIES and OILMEN'S STORES- Raisins ; curr ants; coffee ; arrowroot; tapioca; mustard ; candles ; salad oil; jams , in jars and tins; sardines; oysters ; lobsters ; pickles ; sauces; curry powder, genuine ; $ c., &c., &c. SODA-C arbonate and crystals SALT - Coarse, fine, and table , in jars HARDWARE and IRONMONGERY- Iron, bar, rod, &c.; steel, blister; wheel boxes and axle arms of all sizes ; horse shoes ; carpenters' and cabinetmakers ' tools; cross-cut an d pit saws, all sizes, with colonial made tillers; bench screws CUTLERY-Assorted TIN and HOLLOWARE - All kinds LOCKS, ditto NAILS of all kinds ARMS POWDER - Blasting , in kegs of 48 lbs; fusses ; gun an d rifle powder; Hall's IF and glass CORRUGATED IRON PAINTS and OILS EARTHENWARE and CHINA- A large assortment of every description on hand DRAPERY and CLOTHING - Large assortments of prints , calic oes, tweed, French mer,noes , silks , coburgs, gloves (riding and Josepbinee), men's clothing, tweed (English and Colonial), flan nels, Bedford cords, shirts, collars, hats (felt and cabbage tree) BOOTS and SHOES LEATHER - Sole, kip , calf, and harness Shoemaker's utensils ; horsehair ; tents and tarpaulins ; saddlery of English and Colonial make Country orders promptly attended to Provisions and outfits for expedi tion parti es, ALBRECHT FEEZ, Rockhampton.

The undersigned continues to take orders for German Immigrants. The first vessel with Emigrants left Hamburg on the 25th October, 1861. ------LIBR EC®T EEEZZo Cash purchaser of WOOL, TALLO W, and HIDES, &c., Rockhampton , will make liberal advances on the same if consigned to his friends in Sydney or England; No commission for forwarding ptodu ce from Sydney to England will be charged. dF :kk:k:k:k:Fk :: *3,k$c :***:<****kk:kk.k****** Yt*** S W, CAPPER,c CO., GENERAL MERCHANTS AND COMMISSION AGENTS, R0UXHAMPTON. H. 0. PATON & CO-9

A UCTIONEERS, STOCK,STATION , AIWCOMMISSION AGENTS, ROCKHAMPTON.

HORSES, CATTLE, MERCHANDIZE,&a. H. 0. PTO CO. OFFER their services as AUCTIONEERS for the disposal of any Stock or Goods which may be sent to this market , and, having a most extensive connection in the Northern Districts , wi ll be able to make profitable and satisfactory sales.

TO SQUATTERS,&c.

00

ThE undersigned are prepared to receive and forward Station Supplies at moderate charges, and will make liberal advances against Wool and other produce consigned to their friends in Sydney or England. H. 0. PATON &'00. WILLIAM HANDCOCIP AUCTIONEERANDCOMMISSION AGENT, BRISBANESTREET, DRAYTON.

WOOL STORED, and forwarded without delay to Ipswich. GOODS STORED for Settlers in the interior, on the MOST REASONABLE TERMS. Drayton, January, 1862.

AO 118 DRAYTON.

A LARGE AND EXTENSIVE STOCK OF 33CR3s" 3'33 Consisting of- GROCERY, CROCKERY, IRONMONGERY, OILMEN'S STORES, constantly on hand , with all descriptions of GOODS suitable for the Town and Bush. Also, a supply of CHOICEWINES AND SPIRITS, selling at MOST REASONABLE PRICES. 1° Country orders carefully attended to. Drayton, January, 1862. W. H. GROOL tjaI ttL 2oowoo M sa. 0- A Large and Commodious Brick Building, and well Adapted for Families.

TERMS MODERATE. JOHN DARE, IOVEAVUNOVEL 'I'1111W110llD:1.

6 00 'zc mmobtin for trabe¢rs. A CHOICE SUPPLY OF WINES, SPIRITS, ALE, PORTER, CORDIALS, &c., &c., ALWAYS ON HAND.

Best Oaten Hay and Corn to be obtained at the Stable. -Qasasszz & sD HORSE & STOCKREPOSITORY, BRISBANE. G4' This Establishment will be found, upon Inspection, to be the Largest and Most Complete in Queensland, with ample room to Show Off HORSES sent in for Sale to thebest advantage.

The HfaUles 4 Livery Department Will be Conducted on THE ENGLISH PRINCIPLE, With the advantage of EXPERIENCED GROOMS. HORSE SALES BY AUCTION EVERYMONDAY AND , SATURDAY, At Eleven o'clock. -oo -- FIRST-CLASS HACKS AND HARNESS HORSES, in Good Condition, Always on Hand for Private Sale. Horses Carefully Broken to Double and Single Harness. or Large Well Grassed and Watered Paddocks, for Horses from the Bush. -o- ®. S LAURIE, STOCK.AND STATIONAGENT, PROPRIETOR.

or ENTRANCES : M'ADAM'S, Sovereign Hotel, Queen and ElizabethStreets. M BOOKSELLER,STATIONER,, BOOKBINDER, PAPER-RULER, AND ACCOUNT-BOOK,MANUFACTURER, QUEEN STREET HASconstantly onhand a large supply ofthe principal Publications of the leading Book- sellers in the United Kingdom, and receives per mail the Newest Publications.

The following Periodicals received per Overland Mail monthly :- All the Year Round Family Herald Army List Family Treasury Artizan Fraser' s Magazine Athenaeum Freemason' s Magazine Bentley's Miscellany Jurist Blackwood's Magazine Ladies' Gazette of Fashion Builder Ladies' Treasury Cassell's Illustrated Paper Lancet Chambers' Journal Law Journal Christian Treasury Law Times Church of England Le Follett Cornhill Magazine London Journal Dublin University Maga- Macmellan' s Magazine zine Musical Times Eclectic Review National Magazine Edinburgh Review News of the Churches Evangelical Magazine North British Review (6) Notes and Queries St. James Magazine Once a Week (Ill ustrated ) Sunday at Home Photographic Journal Tait's Magazine Punch Temple Bar Quarterly Review Weloome Guest Reynolds' Miscellany Westminster Review Recreative Science World of Fashion

---4- Home News Weekly Times Illustrated London News Lloyd's Newspaper Illustrated Times Weekly Dispatch Illustrated News of the Bell's Life in London World Evening Mail The Era Ladies' Newspaper The Field Any Periodical or Newspaper not in the above list can be procured from England to order.

J. M., being Agent for the sale of the Irish National School Books, is now in a position to supply Schools and other Educational Establishments in any quantity, at greatly reduced prices. First Book of Lessons, 2d Reading Book for Girls, Second ditto, 6d c is 2d Sequel to the Second Book, Biographical Sketches No. 1, 6d from British Poets, Is Sequel ditto, No. 2, 6d Selections from British Third Book of Lessons, Is Poets, Vols. 1 and 2, Fourth Book, Is 2d each is 3d Supplement to Fourth Introduction to the Art Book, is 2d of Reading, 9d Fifth Book, is 2d

THE BOOKBINDINC SHOP is furnished with every requisite ; and, having the most experienced workmen, J. M. is in a position to undertake BOOKBINDING of every description, in the most superior manner, and at moderate prices. PAPER-RULING is executed in the best manner . The most intricate can,, be worked out, and PRINTED HEADINGS added when required. BILLS OF LADING, both for Ships and Steamers, always on hand. for Bills of Lading, Invoices, &c., kept on hand, or manufacture to size. CCOUNTSALES PAPER, and all kinds of MERCANTILE STATIONERY. SPELL SOUS STATIONERY, such as Ink, Pens, Wax, Elastic Bands, Rulers, Bill Files, Paper-knives, Copying Presses, Letter Books, Oil and Drying Paper, Pencils, Slates, Pewter and Glass Inkstands, &c., &c.

Established 1853. A. J. HCOI6S9 NURSERY AND SEEDSMAN, SOUTH BRISBANE, AND QUEEN STREET, NORTH BRISBANE.

FLO WEE4IG PLANTn , in pots for transplanting at any season. NORFOLK ISLAND PINES , and other conifers , in great variety. ENGLISH FOREST TREES. A fine collection of CLIMBING PLANIS of bri ght colors, for ornamental garden buildings. BUNYA BUNYA , and other NATIVE PLANTS. FRUIT TREES. To be continually adding to his list the choicest Fruits of other countries, has especially been the aim of the advertiser for the last eight years , and he is now in corresponden ce with several foreign coun tr ies with the same object. ON SALE, VALUABL.E TROPICAL FRUITS, suitable for Wide Bay, Port Curt is, and Port benison The choicest EUROPEAN FRUITS, adapted to the Darling Downs and ClarenceRiver Districts. PRICES STRICTLY MODERATE : EXPERIENCED PACKERS. Seeds of all kinds, Wholesale and Retail. (5*) THE °naRLmc DOIYNS.GAETfEI THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM IN QUEENSLAND, PUBLISHED EVERYTHURSDAY MORNING,AT TOOWOOMBA , AT4 Al., SHORTLY WILL BE PUBLISHED TWICE A-WEEk. Terms of Subscription- s. d. Per Quarter in advance ...... 0 ...... 7 6 Ditto credit ...... 8 6 Terms of Advertising:- Two lines...... 1 0 Four lines...... 2 0 Six lines...... 2 6 Eight lines ...... 3 0 Every additional eight lines ...... :...... 1 0 Constant Advertisers liberally dealt with. Amno TAIMMIR0 gII0 u1YD11Yta > DRAPER, GROCER, IRONMONGER,

AND WINEAND SPIRITMERCHANT.

SQUATTERS AND OVERLAND PARTIES SUPPLIED. AOEENU ND STORK H.J . LIVERS & CONY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRAPERS, GROCERS, IRONMONGERS,

AND WINE AND- SPIRIT MERCHANTS, TOOWOOMBA AND DRAYTON. JAMES BERKMAN, RUSSELL STREET, TOOWOOMBA, (r Is WHOLESALE WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANT.

Country Orders punctually attended to.

m RokL9Sn p CUSTOM HOUSE ANDCO MMISSION

(OPPOSITE THE COURIER OFFICE), GEORGE STREET, BRISBANE. H. S. GRENFELL, tntr l commissionank 24iffinuglent, QUEEN STREET, NORTH BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND, Has always in Stock Adelaide and Sydney Flour, with every description of Colonial Produce. Sole Agent for Lindeman 's Celebrated Cawarra Wines.

HEUSSLER & FRANCKSEN, Lint, j6piit, anA Oentrl ect4ants, IMPORTERSAND AGENTS,

GERMAN IMMIGRATION OFFICE, BRISBANE.

CHRISTOPHER FORTE.R9 Arcijit-ect, C itE %urbevor, &c., QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE. (Office opposite the Sovereign Hotel.) M'INTYRE & WHITE, Sabbtees anb Vacnezz a.ee5, (Opposite the Union Bank),

QUEEN STREET , BRISBANE.

Country Orders punctually attended to. G. EDPIT"JONDSf ONE, C ARO:1SE, SIiIPP1G. & FAUltYBTIIER,

QUEEN STREET,

BRISBANE. JEREVHAH SCANLAN, 0 f 09 ueenstanb Votet," EDWARD STREET, (Opposite the A.S.N.Co.'s Wharf), NORTH BRISBANE. Excellent Accommodation for Travellers, and Good Stabling and Paddock for their Horses. - auLcn $trect, Norttj Bit,banc.

J'

ft

0 1111)11111111I11IiI 1111111111161 ' IIIi11II

G E 0 R G E K' A D A M, Proprietor. T. H. JONES & co., WHOLESALEAND RETAIL IRONMONGERS, WATCHMAKING. MESSRS. FLAVELLEBROTHERS & CO., Queen Street, Brisbane, RESPECTFULLY inform the Public that they have engaged a first-class French Watchmaker to work on their Premises, is he has, in addition to a superior knowledge of his profession, acquired on the Continent, had many years' experience as a Prac- tical Workman in several of the best London Hou-es. They can, therefore, guarantee that all WATCHES CLEANED or REPAIRED by them will give perfect sati,faction, and preserve the high character attained by their Establishment in Sydney in this department. Watches from the country can be safely sent and returned by post. Clocks of every description Cleaned and Re aired THESEcelebrated Wines,soadmirably adaptedtoour climate, and manufactured by H. T. LINDEMAN, M.D., New South Wales, are accepted both in Sydney and Melbourne as the First Colonial Brand. --6 Can be obtained in Quarts and Pints, from H. S. G R E N F E L L, Sole Agent, Queen Street , Brisbane. R. S. WARRY, Wholesale Grocer, Wine and Spirit 17erehant , t e., 4'e., QUEEN STRI'IET, BRISBANE. (Opposite the Police Office.)

S. W. hag commenced business as above at the ][to New Stores recently erected for him in Queen Street, and hopes to receive a continuance of that liberal support which has been accorded to him by the Queensland Public during the last 13 Years. M 7mo r*ep FRUITERER, SEEDSMAT,

AND

(general probure Stores, QUEEN STREET, 8 ISHNIE AND BRISBANE STREET, IPSWICH.

Fresh Shipments-,of Fruit from Sydney every Steamer.

Vegetable Seeds, Colonial and English.

General Produce , Flour, Maize, Potatoes ,Shaxps, Bran, &c., of the best quality , and at the lowest rates. In the Nursery Department will be found a select assortment of Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees, and Flowering Plants.

The Fruit Trees are of all kinds usually grown here, many of which have been proved, as to their vigorous growth and fruit- bearing properties, in the Proprietor's Nursery, and may thereforebe reliedupon by personsintending to plant Orchards in Queensland.

N.B.-Any Plants not to be obtained in Queensland, the Advertiser will be able to procure from his Cor- respondents in the other Colonies. To Persons of Weak and Imperfect Sight. -+-- FLAVELLE BROTHERS & Co., Queen- street , Brisbane , and George- street, 3ydne 7, always keep in stock a large supply of BRAZILIAN PEBBLE and CRYSTAL GLASS SPECTACLES in a great variety of mountings, of every focus, suitable for all ages ; London Smoke and other tinted glasses, a secure protection from bri ght sunlight ; Folding Spectacles , mounted in gold, tortoiseshell , steel , and horn ; Oxford Eye Glasses ; Gold Eye Glasses for ladies ; Reading and Burning Glasses ; Botanical , Coddington , Stanhope, and otherLenses , in variety. Ladies or Gentlemen in the country can be suited by giving their age. Spectacles forwarded by post, securely packed , and, if not found to answer, will be exchanged. E. WALLER,

EDWARD STREET, BRISBANE.

All kinds of Specimens of Natural History carefullypreserved.

Collections of Birds and Insects ma up to order. SA11(J11DAVIS& CA , Importers of G rural lRereijanbile, QUEEN & GEORGESTREETS, NORTH BRISBANE,

INDENTS EXECUTED FOR DRAPERY, IRON- MONQ-ERY, BOOTS, CROCKERY, AND MERCHANDIZE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, ON LIBERAL TERMS.

Invoices of all kinds of Goods always on Hand. (btteenoladlea w areunge, COILNEROFEDWARD AND ELIZABETH STREETS

BRISBANE.

NOBIIAND IIORT1IANNI WHOLESALE & FAMILYGR OCERS,

AND PROVISIONDEALERS.

sm RTROPODUTMHHOTEL, CORNER OF EDWARD & MARY STREETS,

BRISBANE,

(within half a minute'$ walk of the d.S.N.Co.'s Wharf).

Royal Queen of England Lodge (M• U.) held fortnightly at the above Hotel. LONDON 1ADEJEWELLERY OFFIRST CLASS QUALITY. INE Gold Neck Chains ; Albert Chains , 18 carat fine, bearing the London F Goldsmiths ' Hall mark, and Pendants in great variety ; Gold Bracelets and Necklets, set with Diamonds , Emeralds, Cameos , Coral, &c ., &c.; Gold Brooches , in a variety of new designs , set with Diamonds , Emeralds, & c., the new Amethyst and Onyx Cameos , Florentine Mosaics; Miniature , Mourning, and other Breeches, a splendid Assortment of Ladies' Rings ; Gentlemen's Diamond and Signet Rings ; Ear rings of the latest fashion; Gentlemen's Studs, Sleeve Links, Scarf Pins; Gold Lockets for Hair and Miniatures; Gold Seals, Charms , Thimbles, and Vinaigrettes; Mordan's Pencils , in Gold, Silver,' and Ivory. Any of the above can be safely sent by Post , and exchanged if not approved of. FLAVELLE BROS. & CO., QUEEN STREET , BRISBANE, AND GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY. rII' " 'MA 5 , So 1IIllAEL HUGHES BAGS to inform Squatters , Private Families, and Hotel Proprietors that he has always on hand a Large and well Selected Stock of GROCERIES, &C. Those who may be about to visit Brisbane, M. H. re- spectfully solicits to call and inspect his Stock, as no other House can be in a better position to execute their Orders. MICHAEL HUGHES, .ijaiesaie,Sijiiping , anb f amilg graver, QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE. THESILVER MEDAL OF THE QUEENSLAND EXHIBITION WAS AWARDED TO

MOT '17 0 19 A LN" (5 la A 7 9 Not a0 0¢ lhfr, GEORGE STREET, BRISBANE. OLIVER'S

EDWARD SYDNEYHAM'

C ROBERTSON

STEAM ROASTED & GROUND COFFEE. CUT RAY AND CRACKED CORN always on Sale.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Mine, Pirit, anb Qrazergr tffrfs, CORNER OF QUEEN AND ALBERT STREETS, NORTH BRISBANE.

N.B.-Coffee roasted and ground , Hay cut, &b. Corn cracked for the Trade and others. ENGLISH WATCHES OF FIRST CLASS DESCRIPTION, GOLD Hunting and Open Face, Stop, Keytess,and IndepeudentCentre Seconds Watches ; Gold Duplex Watches with compensation balan ces; Gold Hunt- ing and Open Face Patent Lever Watches, by M'Cabe, and other Makers ofrepute; Ladies ' Patent Lever Open Face and Hunting Watches , with richly engraved Cases, For superiority of workmanship and correct performance, the above Watches cannot be surpassed , having been all carefully selected by Mr. Ii. FLAVBLLB, our resident Partner in London. Sliver Hunting and Open Face Lever Watches , strong and faithfully finished, fit for Bneh use and Riding . Geneva Watches , Gold and Silver, by " Motta " and "Badollet ," neat and elegant, FLAVELLEBROS. & CO., QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE, AND SYDNEY. iOllNPE1TIGREY &C0 „ a taitsait mint anA$Pirit ttakants, DRAPERS AND GROCERS, 00PRPER ©G MgO©I1 An UST SI 'R ETS, IPSWICH

M ITIJ1,719 (Late MARK WALLACE), SADDLEAND HARNESS MANUFACTORY, QUEEN STREET,

EVERY DESCRIPTION OF SADDLERY MADE TO ORDER.

Country Orders pttnctnally attended to. TO i MAN& I45, General OngraVer%,16itijogra phis Artiitrt, Printers, anti 1botograpftero, GEORGE STREET , (OPPOSITE THE DAILY COUJfIRR OFFICE), BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND.

THOMASand specia HAMll y & adapted having for then removed peculiar to their business new offices,, are now recently prepared erected, to execute orders for Queensland and the adjoining colonies. ENGRAVING. BANK NOTES, DEBENTURE PLATES, Bills of Exchange , and Cheques engraved on Copper or hardened Steel Plates in a style to piet ism forgery. WeddingeCards and Envelopes , Visiting , Address, and Business Cards, engraved and printed. Arms, Crests, and Cyphers engravedinonPlate, Jewellery , Rings,, Seale, Door Plates and Window Plates Brass and White Metal. 1Fferchanta' and Ten 'sInvoice Heads , Bills of Lading , Bills of Exchange, Proymissor N otes, Labels , Show Cards, arc„ &c. DIE SINKING AND SEAL ENGRAVING , Official Seals far Corporations and Public Companies engraved on Steel or Brass, and fitted with first quality screw or lever presses. Envelope Presses for stamping name of firm on enve- lopes , letter paper, &a. Designs and specimens furnished whenever necessary. LITHOGRAPHY. LITHOGRAPHIC TOWN AND DISTRICT MAPS, Charts, Plans of Estates, Stations , and Properties for Sale. Contracts taken with Public Companies or Engineers , to Lithograph Railway and other working plans . - Longitudinal Cross sections , Plans of Bridges, Viaducts , Stations , and every ideas of En- gineeri ng and Mechanical Lithography , executed with the utmost cars, accuracy, and expedition. a Circulars, Autographic or Fac-simile Correspondence, Notices , Law Forms, Music, Plain and Elaborate Music I'ttles, Auction Plan s, Architects ' Bills of Quantitie s, &c., &c., produced with great rapidity. Landscapes , Views of Towns, Public Buildings Gentl emen's Seats , Scientific, and Book Illustra tions Lithographed , Engraved or produced in tinted and CAromo Lithography, in every branch of this recently discovered and beautiful art. PHOTOGRAPHY. PORTRAITS of every description on glass, paper, leather , or patent elotb, for transmission by post, executed the various styles adopted by the first Pho- tographers Europe and America. atereoscopieI. Portraits , Landscapes , Views-of Public and Private Bu ildings, Country Residences , &c., he. VISW8 OF BRISBANE and the beautiful scenery in its vicinity . Photogra- phicPortraits ofpablicmeu , celebrated ipdividaale , public buildings , aborigines, and other objects of Colonial interest , nea tly mounted on card-board, and in frames suitable for presents, he., &c., always an hand at reasonable pri ces. ALL COUNTRY ORDERS for Queensland and adjoini ng colonies executed with promptitude , and forwarded to any part of the Colony per post, free of all charges for carriage ; but, in every case, a remittance must be sew with the order , or town referen ce-for payment , as lowest Australian prices are charged in this Establishment for Cash Transactions,

TH01M HAM & My George-street , Brisbane. (6) ELECTRO-PLATEDWARE.

COMPLETE Sete, 1 tied in oak cases . T. and Coffee Services ; Soup Tureens ; Side and Hot-Water Dishes; Cruet, Egg, Pickle , Salad, and Liqnor Frames -, Champagne Bottle Holders , Corks, and Wine Labels; Cake Baskets' Waiters ' and Butlers ' Trays ; Dessert and Flower Stands; Flower Vases ; liable and Chamber Candlesticks , with and without Shades; Centre Pie ces ; Candelabras ; Forks and Spoons, in Fiddle, Thread, and Kings Patterns. The above having been selected in England , by Mr. H. Flave lle, are guaranteed to be of the best quality. FLAVELLE BROTHERS & Co., Queen-street, Brisbane, and George-street, Sydney. MINER MaKIK11 319 ®i1BODUR®L $TOUR, QUEEN STREET, PRODUCE MERCHANT, GROCER, &C. SHIPPING SUPPLIED. N.B.--Commission Agent for Colonial Produce, &c. VICTORIA VOTELI QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE.

T. S. COWELL, • PROPRIETOR.

XTENSIVE alterations have recently been made E in the premises, and among the additions may be mentioned a spacious RiLLIM ROOMv fitted with an excellent TABLE by Thurston.

Ordinary every day, at 1 o'clock. I ll 19 I 1i- ill! TP1!4 1"ill 1 1ka U4UU1 870AH0 QUEEN STREET, NORTH BRISBANE.

THE PROPRFETOR, E. Be SOUTHERDEN, Has always on hand a large and well assorted Stock of P* LINEN , DRAPERY , HOSIERY, HABERDASHERY, MIL- LINERY , &c., &c. Also , YOUTHS' and GENTLEMEN'S '' CLOTHING, &c., in Great Variety. folv l' Almelo FORTITUDE VALLEY, BRISBANE. GEORGEWARREN, PROPRIETOR. HENRYHocK NGS & co., AL TIOEE RS, APPRAISERS, BROKERS, &c., &c., &c., SOUTH BRISBANE. VALUATIONSTAKEN FOR COIIPENSATIONOR ADMINISTRATION. ACCOUNT SALES PROMPT.

OLD ESTABLISHED FORGE.

W. & A. M`LEAN, BLACKSMITHS, WHEELWRIGHTS, FARRIERS,&E., ALBERT STREET, 3Lia aEm)ua49::b, Z72 THE " COURIER ESTABLISHED AS A WEEKLY PAPER IN JUNE, 1846; AS A BI-WEEKLY IN JANUARY, 1858; AS A TRI-WEEKLY IN DECEMBER, 1859; AND AS A DAILY IN MAY,' 1861; IS PUBLISHED EVERY MORNUiGF IN BRISBANE.

THE COURIER , which is the only daily journal in Queensland, not only enjoys a larger circulation , and exercises a wider influence , than any other newspaper in the colony , but it is a fact that , in proportion to the popula tion, it has a larger circulation than any other journal in Australia . The success which has attended it from the commencement of its career, and especially since its advent as a daily paper, has exceeded the most sanguine anticipations, and the support it continues to receive proves that the public of Queensland fully appre ciate the efforts made fairly to represent public opinion, and to supplyall the latest intel ligence. As an ADVERTISING medium , the value of the Courier cannot be over- rated , while qt the same time the prices charged are as moderate as those of any othernewspaper. The TERMS of SUBSCRIPTION are as follows s. d.

CHARGES for ADVERTISEMENTS:- 1 0 2 0 2 6 a 0 1 0 Discount allowed on a number of insertions. SUMMARIES FOR EUROPE. Just previous to the departure of the mail for England , a Summary of the months events is published , and, for an annual subscription of bs., it is regu- larly forwarded to any address in any part of the United Kingdom , Europe, &c., &c. 0

dOB.BladM Or every kind executed with neatness , accuracy , cheapness, and despatch, at the Courier General Printing Office, George-street , Brisbane. AMERICANCLOCKS, OR Hall , Mantle -piece, Shop , Parlour , and Ship use, in a F variety.,of handsome cases, and combining good time- keeping qualities with moderation in price. ENGLISH and FRENCH CLOCKS, of various desc ri ptions. All Clocks are selected by our Mr. H. FLAVELLE, in London.

ai, LA -ELE BEDS. & CO., QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE, AND SYDNEY. BRISB.NE MUSIC HALL.

RESPECTFCLLYlarge stock of Pianofortes announces, Harmoniumsthat he has always, Flutes, on Violins,hand a Flutinas , Concertinas , and other Musical Instruments, by the beat makers , at Sydney pri ces . Also, an immense variety of MUSIC, Vocal and Instrumental , by the best composers. Country Orders promptly attended to. EDWARD STREET , BRISBANE.

Established Eighteen Years. OLD BRISBANE STORE, STANLEY-STREET, STANLEY-QUAY, SOUTH BRISBANE. N'T 0 u, &T691518216 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRAPERS, GROCERS, AND GENERALSTOREKEEPERS. EvESY Article in the Trade constantly on hand! Goods carefully packed, and sent to any part of the Town free of expense. Orders from the Country supplied on the most liberal terms. A.CAMERON, Mj EIT AND MACHINIST, (NEXT SCHOOL OF ARTS), QUEEN-STREET,

aamaeea uhme, FAIIILY&CHUM BUTCEI

(Next door to the Cafe, and opposite the

Parliamentary Chambers),

QUEEN- STREET,

tRJSB EM UEENSLAND R* A!SU2

returning her sincere thanks to the Ladies of Queensland for their very liberal patronage during the last Two Years, MRS. J. W. BUXTON begs to intimate that she has removed to the Premises recently occupied by Mr. W. J. COSTIN, Chemist, &cL., Queen-street, which, being both Spacious and Central, will give her increased facilities for carrying on her business. THE MILLINERY , MANTLE, DRESSMAKING, AND SHOW ROOMS Have been fitted with every convenience, and each department will be found replete with the Latest Novelties, and under the superintendence of Experienced Assistants. A Choice Stock of Millinery, Bonnets, Silks, Mantles, Feathers, Flowers, Parisian Wreaths and Head Dresses, Real Laces, Opera Cloaks and Ball Dresses, Hats, Bonnets, Sun Shades, and every article in Fancy Drapery. Hoyle's Prints# Muslins, Balzaxines, French Merinos, Delaines, Mohairs, Coburgs, Longoloths, Flan. eels, and Dress Trimmings of every description. 0 The Largest and Most Varied Stock of Ladies' and Children's Underclothingand Baby Linen in the Colony. Mrs. BUXTON would add, that having a thorough knowledge of her business, and the greater portion of her Stock being purchased to order by her buyer in London, will insure its comprising all the Newest Goods in the Home Markets, and enable her to sell at THE LOWEST REMUNERATIVE PRICES.