Quarterly 2014 VOLUME 6 ISSUE 24 The Global quality and service system of metal working industry

TOWARDS A SMART FUTURE TOGETHER

Newsroom SINUMERIK 828D Training Case for BUFFALO MACHINERY Distributor ALLMETECH Represents MICROCUT/CHALLENGER in Romania Product HM-6300 Horizontal Machining Center R&D Zone Discussion on the Impact of the Variation of Spindle Thermal Expansion When Different Temperature Settings for the Water Chiller Key Component The Key to Productivity – Powered Turret

The Vol. 6 Iss. 24

2 - Though the Global Remains Uneven, Recovery Continues

3 - SINUMERIK 828D Training Case for BUFFALO MACHINERY

6 - Romania

10 - ALLMETECH Represents MICROCUT in Romania

12 - HM-6300 Horizontal Machining Center

14 - The Procedure of Removing the Table Interface of HBM-5T

16 - Discussion on the Impact of the Variation of Spindle Thermal Expansion When Different Temperature Settings for the Water Chiller

20 - Oil and Gas Industry Overview

24 - The Key to Productivity – Powered Turret

26 - The Richness of Taiwan Ethnic Food

28 - Intensive Training Course to Better Customer Support

Article contribution is welcome! The Challenger welcome submission from all fields of machine tool industry related. The Challenger is committed to prompt evaluation and publication of submitted articles. Company profiles, production experience, feedback of using MICROCUT’s products are the most valuable article to share with “The Challenger” readers. Please send the article and pictures (if any, images resolution in 300 dpi or above) to the local Challenger Factory Outlet or email to [email protected] Though the Global Remains Uneven, Recovery Continues

Moreover, BUFFALO MACHINERY spent a lot of expendi- tures to educate a better technical knowledge team and upper the technic of corporation management in the last 3-4 years, especially in 2014, an out source training class has been invited. It gives a lot of the update management technology and skill of projection to the leadership. BUFFALO MACHINERY is forming a strong team of qualified members. It fits the needs of better service and quality for tomorrow. As the Smart Machining Technology, the techniques of Ram Straightness Control and application of Vision Supervision, a stronger team with wide range of Without exception, few politics arguments happened so far products service is ready to offer the service to the global in 2014, they hurt the investing confidence. The new orders industries, the team will be able to service the untraditional rise, either without any plan or the potential expectation of market and business model, as BUFFALO MACHINERY an immediately delivery, which gives more headaches or always believes, be ready then we have a better chance for difficulties for the distributors in preparing their stock items long term run. or at the manufacturing side which is even harder to do its Dr. Paul Chang projection of production. The higher visiting cycle of the Sept. 2014 sales team from distributor turns to be extremely important, then a better chance can be happened and BUFFALO MACHINERY can then gain a better projection of its produc- tion and inventory.

Furthermore, BUFFALO MACHINERY has been consider- ing opening a service support center and machine inventory center for European market. It supports a quick delivery of machine and certain degree of service cases, as well as technical support. The location is about to be decided soon in the future, BUFFALO MACHINERY service will be much closer to the market. BUFFALO MACHINERY strongly believes that the market is always there, how we can upper the reliability and supporting quality service, we have always better chance to help the distributors get higher market share. Based on the economical projection from IMF as mentioned above, BUFFALO MACHINERY would prefer

to be ready for the stage of economic recovery. Messe Stuttgart, Germany

2 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 SINUMERIK 828D Training Case for BUFFALO MACHINERY

As to the machine tools, an intelligent controller is as important as the brain to human beings. In partnership with SIEMENS for many years, BUFFALO MACHINERY carried out many successful cases. With the technical support and service from SIEMENS, no matter which aspect, SIEMENS always offers clear guidance and best service to facilitate our technicians to make the high-maneuverability machine. This time, BUFFALLO MACHINERY very appreciates the thoughtfulness of SIEMENS since its regional representative is not only offering the training courses but also gives the controller SINUMERIK 828D to BUFFALLO MACHINERY for a well-rounded learning this excellent model.

In Taiwan, BUFFALO MACHINERY is one of the largest machine tools exporters/manufacturers to Europe and owns the market share worldwide. To achieve to the high-end market is always the target of BUFFALLO MACHINERY; having SIEMENS fully support in techniques and services, the territory of BUFFALO MACHINERY keeps expanding and further mutual coopera- tion is expected in the coming years. About SINUMERIK 828D SINUMERIK 828D SINUMERIK 828D is a panel-based CNC, for standardized milling and turning machines typical for the jobshop. It combines CNC, PLC, operating and axis control functions into one compact unit, which is designed to fit any operator panel housing in both its horizontal and vertical version. With its powerful CNC functions, the SINUMERIK 828D sets a standard in the compact class CNCs. Owing to an extensive CNC programming package, the SINUMERIK 828D is optimally prepared for all global CNC end-user markets.

SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T represents the perfect getting-started solution in the 828D class; in combination with SINAMICS drives and motors, it perfectly fits to the requirements of modern turning machines. SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T also perfectly masters all drilling and milling operations in addition to a multitude of turning operations – both for face and peripheral workpiece surfaces. The unrivaled performance of SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T guarantees maximum workpiece accuracy with minimum machining times.

SINUMERIK 828D BASIC M SINUMERIK 828D BASIC M – the specialist for milling machines – can perform all possible drilling and milling operations and can also be performed on cylindrical workpieces – which ensures superior machine utilization. Even for moldmaking applica- tions, the operator doesn’t need a specific CNC controller. The superior performance of the SINUMERIK 828D BASIC M ensures mirror smooth surfaces together with reduced machining times. With the energy package comprising SINAMICS S120 Combi, feed and spindle motors, the user can operate milling machine with high performance. Superior axis and spindle dynamic performance as well as excellent spindle performance within a broad speed bandwidth ensure a high output of perfect workpieces.

3 Training Case Overview SINUMERIK 828D Training Case Technical specifications The SINUMERIK 828D training case is used for the realistic SINUMERIK 828D practice of operating, programming, installation and service Product name training case tasks. 6AG1067-1AA13-0AA0

Design Supply voltage 230V AC SINUMERIK 828D training case Degree of protection to SINUMERIK 828D PPU 281.1 including system software DIN VDE 0470 Part 1/ IP00 and software options EN 60529/IEC 60529 SINUMERIK MCP 483 PN machine control panel SINUMERIK PP 72/48D PN I/O module Ambient temperature SINAUT MD720-3 GSM/GPRS modem including antenna Storage -20 … +60°C SITOP 24 V 10 A power supply Transport -20 … +60°C Industrial Ethernet Switch SCALANCE XB005 unmanaged Operation The SINUMERIK 828D training case is designed for table 5 … 40°C set-up and can be operated independently without a SINAMICS Dimensions (W x H x D) 650 x 500 x 250 mm S120 Combi training rack. Weight, approx. 30 kg

Left to right: Mr. Ben Tan - SIEMENS Taiwan; Dr. Paul Chang, Ms. Sarah Chen, and Dr. Jerry Tang - BUFFALO MACHINERY The CNC Controller SINUMERIK 828D

4 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T/BASIC M Training Cases Technical specifications The training cases for SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T and SINU- SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T/ BASIC M training cases MERIK 828D BASIC M are used to provide practical training Product name 6AG1067-1AA24-0AA0/ in operation, programming, commissioning and servicing. 6AG1067-1AA20-0AA0 Design Supply voltage 230V AC SINUMERIK 828D BASIC training cases contain: Degree of protection to SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T PPU 241.2 or SINUMERIK DIN VDE 0470 Part 1/ IP00 828D BASIC M PPU 241.2 including system software EN 60529/IEC 60529 and software options SINUMERIK MCP 483 PN machine control panel Ambient temperature SINUMERIK PP 72/48D 2/2A PN I/O module Storage -20 … +60°C SINAUT MD720-3 GSM/GPRS modem including antenna Transport -20 … +60°C Industrial Ethernet Switch SCALANCE XB005 unmanaged The SINUMERIK 828D BASIC T/BASIC M training cases Operation 5 … 40°C are designed for table set-up and can be operated indepen- Dimensions (W x H x D) 650 x 500 x 250 mm dently without a SINAMICS S120 Combi training rack. Weight, approx. 30 kg

The Challenger would like to acknowledge SIEMENS for the contribution of photos and information.

Q3, Q4 2014 Period Title of Exhibition / Country Distribution company 8-10 Open House / France DMO 14-17 Stankostroenie / Russia BPK October 20-23 Technoforum / Russia BPK 28-31 Mashex / Russia BPK November 12-13 Open House / Germany VOLZ Q1 2014 Period Title of Exhibition / Country Distribution company March 3-8 TIMTOS / Taiwan BUFFALO MACHINERY

5 Romania

Located in the South-Eastern Europe, Romania shares borders with Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and Hungary. It also has a very short southeastern coastline on the Black Sea. The natural landscape of Romania is evenly distrib- uted between mountains (31%), hills, (33%), and plains (36%). The Carpathian Mountains define the country’s overall topographical pattern. Romania is home to the largest surface of virgin forests in Europe (Russia excluded), totally 250,000 hectors (65%), most of them in the Carpathian Mountains.

Romania is situated half way between the Equator and the North Pole. On the southeastern part of European continent, Roma- nia enjoys a temperate-continental climate. Although climatic conditions are somewhat varied in different regions, the most places’ climates are even and have hot summers and fairly mild winters. Religion Religion in Romania Religion Percentage (2011 census) Religions are important to Romanians and play an integral Orthodox 86.5% part in their lives. 2011 census shows that 86.5% of popula- Roman Catholic 4.6% tion belonged to the Orthodox Church. Roman Catholic, Reformed 3.2% Reformed Church, Pentecostal, Greek Catholic, Baptist, Pentecostal 1.9% and Seventh-Day Adventist are minorities. Greek Catholic 0.8% Baptist 0.6% Seventh-Day Adventist 0.4% Other 1.8% Non-Religious 0.2%

6 Sibiu - Romania’s Orthodox Cathedral Photo by Camil Ghircoias http://www.flickr.com Mamaliga Mititei Photo by Cristina Photo by Su-Lin http://www.flickr.com http://www.flickr.com

Foods & Drinks The Romanian cuisine is great for its variety since it is influenced by different cultures. In the past, Romanians traded with the ancient Greeks; Romania, this country name is given by the Romans; the Saxons settled in southern Transylvania, Clatite Siciliene Gelateria Zanoni Photo by crystal martel Romania; the Turks dominated Romania for centuries; and Slavic and Magyar are its http://www.flickr.com neighbors, which elements gradually combined into the varied and delicious Roma- nian culinary tradition. @by Moyan Brenn.Flickr.com

Coirba, Mititei, Tochitura, Mamaliga are Romania’s national Tourism dishes. A traditional Romanian meal may include the follow- Tourism has always been an important part of Romania’s ing main ingredients: pork, beef, lamb, fish, vegetables, economy and still has a lot potential to promote because dairy products and fruits. Of course, the local drink adds a this country possesses natural, historical and cultural savor to the culinary delights of Romania. The famous drink treasures. Beautiful mountain regions, a warm sea coast, in Romania is the plum brandy which usually enjoyed before and ancient castles lure tourists. The Danube Delta is a a meal along with some appetizers; usually the flavors of the UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site in Romania. The brandy are varied in different regions. Besides that, the wine waters of Danube flow into the Black Sea, which cultivate and beer produced in Romania are also excellent. the most beautiful landscapes and fruitful natural resources for the country. The Black Sea is also the most popular attraction in Romania. It contains calm waters, and the gentle sandy slopes make it ideal for swimming. The Black Sea has long been known for cures of arthritic, rheumatic, internal and nervous disorders. About the historical part, Romania owns numerous castles which are heritages built in the medieval age and the best-known castles are Bran

7 Efoire Sud Beach, Romania Photo by Gabriel http://www.flickr.com ARCA Natural Resources & Renewable The Association of Romanian Cosmonautics and Aeronau- Energy tics (ARCA) is a non-profit organization. The main objective of ARCA is the exploration and colonization of space. ARCA Natural Resources builds and launches the cost-effective vehicles to space by Romania’s main resources are agricultural, and also has using technologies and innovative techniques. On the 1st of significant mineral deposits, particularly oil, natural gas, salt, October 2010, the successful launch of the first Romanian hard coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, bauxite, chromium, spatial rocket Helen 2, was carried out by the Association of manganese, lead, and zinc. Timber is also an important Romanian Cosmonautics and Aeronautics in partnership natural resource of Romania because a large portion of the with the control center belonging to ROMATSA (the Admin- country is covered by the forest. istration of the Romanian air Traffic Services) from Bucha- rest and Constanta, within the Google Lunar X Prize compe- Solar Power tition. Due to the decayed European markets, solar power devel- opers and manufacturers now are exploring the opportuni- Automotive Industry & Machine ties in Romania since the solar irradiance of Romania is similar to German’s and this fact shows the prosperity in the Tool Market future. Solar power in Romania has an installed capacity of Since 2000, Romania economy had started growing. Before 740.4 MW in 2013. The Black Sea coast, Dobrogea and being part of the EU, the country had about 6% growth. In Oltenia are the most important solar regions of Romania, 2007, Romania joined the EU and then like its European with an average of 1,600 kWh/m²/year. neighbors, experienced strong pre-crisis growth, by the following years, in 2009 and 2010, strongly influenced by the global economic recession. Until recent years, the country’s economy is gradually recovered and makes the automotive market scale expanded. Due to the advantages of huge market potential and lowering the labor cost, one after another foreign capital investment flows in and set the factory here. The most important foreign investment is the French multinational vehicle manufacturer Renault invest- ing £1.4 billion dollars in Romania for building the plant and assembly line. Renault specially produced the model Logan in Romania, and made this model not only the best-selling in Romania but also very popular in the Western Europe and other countries. Plus, in 2007, Ford Motor took over the Korean car maker Daewoo Motor’s plant in Craiova and invested approximately £6 billion. Therefore, all the devel- Solar Powered Photo by Jim Clark opments in the Romanian automotive industry make http://www.flickr.com automotive related industries prosperous, especially the automotive parts manufacturing, among which some indus- tries need high precision machine tools, which keeps the volume of machine tools import steadily growing.

8 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 Wind Power In 2012, Romania reached an installed capacity of 1,905 Greenhouse emissions and global warming are not just MW of wind power. Romania has the highest wind potential news we hear every day. To create innovation for green in South-Eastern Europe of 14,000MW because the Dobro- energy and give our offspring a sustainable future, this demanding project now is processing vigorously since the second best place in Europe to build wind farms due to the whole world is eagerly searching for the energy that can not large wind potential. And the wind farms could contribute only save the Earth but also save the money. However, with 13 GW to the national power generation capacity by Romania has a large inherent capacity for sustainable 2020, according to the study of Romanian Energy Institute energy because of its natural resources and topology@by Moyan Brenn.Flickr.com (REI). optimization. It is hard to overestimate the potential of Romania. Today Romania is booming and the particularly Hydropower favorable natural conditions can make Romania a Hydropower in Romania is a crucial energy since 97.8% of low-carbon economy. the Romanian surface is included in the Danube River References: basin, and various natural creatures such as birds and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Romania fishes are attracted by the Danube River to form a marvel- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania ous ecological system. http://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2013/12/what-britain-forgets http://twbusiness.nat.gov.tw/countryPage.do?id=10&country=RO http://www.arcaspace.com/en/program_helen.htm

9 ALLMETECH Represents MICROCUT in Romania

ALLMETECH Tools & Machine is one of the leading companies in the metalworking industry in Romania. With over 10 years’ experience of offering technical support, a very large and attractive offer of software and machine tools from reputable suppli- ers and training courses for operating CNC machines, ALLMETECH is well known to be a great supplier of intelligent and complete solutions in the industrial field.

Over the past 10 years, ALLMETECH Tools & Machine has achieved: Experience in implementing and developing investment projects in the industrial field Over 400 pleased clients has continuous collaboration with ALLMETECH. Over 300 pieces of equipment successfully installed Over 600 trained employees in the "CNC operator and programmer" training centre

Offered by BUFFALO MACHINERY, the complete line of products, the various options of controllers, and the flexible combina- tions, were the basis of the collaboration with ALLMETECH.

10 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 ALLMETECH offers all the ingredients for a successful business in a 3-basic step plan!

ALLMETECH offers to the clients the means of saving time and money and increasing the productivity and performance. No matter how complex or unapproachable the new industrial technologies are, ALLMETECH can adapt them according to the clients’ needs and makes them look simple and accessible. CHALLENGER Now Is in Romania!

MICROCUT / THE CHALLENGER represents for ALLME- In this good economic climate, the collaboration between TECH a leading provider of CNC lathes, vertical machining ALLMETECH and MICROCUT / THE CHALLENGER is a centers and boring and horizontal milling machines which good step ahead for the metalworking industry in Romania. satisfy the actual requirements of customers in Romania. When performance and creativity meets experience and The clients have shown a lot of excitement for the ease of quality things can only get better. The ALLMETECH- use and the rigidity of the machine’s mechanical structures, CHALLENGER collaboration means a complete solutions the high rate of metal removal and the beautifully polished portfolio for each type of client. surface of the parts resulted. Also, the cutting speed of MICROCUT / THE CHALLENGER’s products puts them on top of the customer preferences as high efficiency and precision machines.

MICROCUT / THE CHALLENGER, is the brand of a well-known machine manufacturers in Taiwan – BUFFALO MACHINERY. It is the brand that presents trustworthy quality, service and outstanding performance. Besides, BUFFALO MACHINERY is the first manufacturing company in Taiwan to announce the technology of the Smart Machining Technology (SMT) in boring machines, 5-axis and high speed VMCs.

During the first part of 2014, the industry market in Roma- nia appears to be more focused on the quality of the products and services, than on the quantity. 2014 is the year of intelligent and long term investments in the metal- working industry. The market is now active and ready for a constant growth. The clients as well are more interested in the quality of the services they acquire and they are now looking for a complete solution for their business.

The CHALLENGER would like to acknowledge ALLMETECH Tools & Machine for the contribution of the article and information.

11 HM-6300 Horizontal M

Flexibility

Precision

Productivity

Highlights

Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 Horizontal Machining Center

Automatic Tool Changer Automatic Pallet Changer D: 1,100 mm H: 1,000 mm W: 1,200 kg x 2

Lubrication System

Oil Cooler The Procedure of Removing the Table Interfac

Question: Answer: We plan to exchange the ballscrew of HBM-5T and the To remove the table interface of HBM-5T, please follow first thing to do is to remove the table interface. What are the steps below. the procedures for that?

Table interface

HBM-5T (Table dimension 2.5m x 2.5m)

Step 1: Step 2: Disassemble 8 sliding blocks and M16 screws, total 48pcs. Disassemble the oil pipe connectors, including 8pcs on the sliding blocks and 1pc on the ballscrew. And then disassemble 5 pcs of lock screws on the nuts.

14 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 e of HBM-5T Step 3: Disassemble the linear scale and the limit switch. Shut down the software before separating the reader and the bracket.

Disassemble pipes and lubrication pipes

Disassemble pipes

Step 4: Hang the interface away from the machine.

M42 hanging holes x 4 pcs

Note: Please remove the locking nuts along the ballscrews before hanging up the table interface.

15 Discussion on the Impact of the Variation of Spindle Thermal Expansion When Different Temperature Settings for the Water Chiller Sheng-Jing Wu . Sheng-yao Zhuang . Chun-Ting Yan Abstract Reference Distance Short Distance Long Distance This paper is to discuss the impact on the spindle thermal Semicondutor Semicondutor Semicondutor expansion when arbitrarily changing the temperature laser Receiver partlaser Receiver partlaser Receiver setting for the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) part Sender lens Sender lens during machining. Sender lens Ernostar Ernostar Ernostar lens lens lens Motivation & Discussion Receiver part Receiver part Receiver part

Generally before machining, the spindle water chiller’s Fig. 1 Laser measurement principle temperature setting is well set and not allowed to change. During machining, however, sometimes the unexpected The purpose of the mounting of laser measurement system outer factors (e.g. operator factor, malfunction of the water is to measure the level of thermal expansion during the chiller, power failure, etc.) occurred to change the tempera- spindle operation when the temperature setting of the water ture setting for the water chiller (thermostatic type); there- chiller (thermostatic type) is different; hence, mount the fore, what kind of impact would be occurred on the spindle laser measurement system on the spindle nose to measure thermal expansion when the water chiller’s temperature the level of thermal expansion during spindle operation setting is subject to change, which will be discussed in this (Fig. 2 shows the mounting of the laser measurement paper. system for MCG-5X, and V-26 also adopts the same mount- ing). Experiment

In this experiment, the built-in spindle of the machine MICROCUT V-26 (with HEIDENHAIN controller) is adopted for the test, and the cooling system for the built-in spindle is the thermostatic type water chiller. The measuring platform contains the laser measurement system, temperature measurement system, as well as the machine setting. 1. Laser Measurement System The laser measurement system LK-H020, belonging to Fig. 2 The mounting of laser measurement system KEYENCE LK-G5000 series, is adopted in this experiment 2. Temperature Measurement System for the measurement. The measurable range of LK-H020 is The temperature measurement system PT100 is adopted in this experiment. The advantage of using PT100 is that the correspondence of temperature value to electric resistance The Measurement Principle of the Laser value seems to show the curve in almost linear shape. Displacement Sensor Nevertheless, the shift of the temperature and the electric LK-G5000 series measurement principle voltage signal shows the linear transform, so it doesn’t need (Triangulation method) to create a form or do the curve fitting to process the signal transform. When PT100 measures the temperature value, As shown in Fig. 1, semiconductor laser is sending the light through the temperature transforming module, the value is beam to the target. Then Ernostar lens focuses the processing the linear transform to analog voltage signal and reflected light beam to form an image on the receiver part. recorded. The position of the beam spot on the receiver part will shift The mounting of temperature measurement system is to according to different distances of the target. Then the measure the temperature variation of the inlet water and system performs the calculation based on varied beam spot outlet water from the water chiller (thermostatic type). positions and then turns out the measurement result of the Therefore, mount the temperature measurement system target position. (PT100) on the chilled water inlet and outlet of the water chiller (thermostatic) to measure the temperature variation (as shown in Fig.3).

16 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 Discussion on the Impact of the Variation of Spindle Thermal Expansion When Different Temperature Settings for the Water Chiller

The current water temperature

Operation signal Chilled Water (Non-operation status) Inlet Setting temperature for starting operation Chilled Water Outlet Fig. 4 Set the temperature of the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) to 28°C.

The current water temperature

Fig. 3 The mounting of temperature measurement system (PT100) Operation signal 3. Machine Setting (Operation status) Due to the characteristics of the motor, set spindle speed at 6,000 rpm (according to the motor data sheet, the power Setting temperature for starting operation and torque output are optimally maximized when spindle speed is at 6,000 rpm), and under no-loading operation, the spindle operating duration sets one hour (according to the Fig. 5 Set the temperature of the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) to 24°C. previous measured data, the spindle under the same setting speed operating for 30 minutes, the spindle thermal expansion almost in stable condition). According to the suggestion from the water chiller manufacturer, the optimized maximum temperature range is between 24°C and 28°C; hence, the initial temperature 28°C is set (as START shown in Fig. 4); then at the last 30 minutes, the tempera- ture is set to 24°C (as shown in Fig. 5). Fig. 6 illustrates the flow chart of the complete procedure and three different Spindle speed NO Spindle water chiller kinds of measurement results are listed below: setting at 6,000rpm setting 24°C & operating half an hour (1) When the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) temperature setting is 28°C, what level of variation is

occurred on spindle thermal expansion (to explore the Spindle water chiller If achieving variation of the spindle thermal expansion when setting setting 28°C & operating half-an-hour half an hour operation different temperatures for the spindle water chiller). (2) Change the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) temperature setting from 28°C to 24°C, and check the YES variation of the spindle thermal expansion (to simulate NO If achieving END the outer factors in this experiment). half-an-hour operation (3) The temperature of spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) is set to 24°C, and then check the variation of YES spindle thermal expansion (to explore the variation of the spindle thermal expansion when setting different Fig. 6 The flow chart of spindle speed with spindle water chiller temperatures of the spindle water chiller). (thermostatic type) setup

17 Water Chiller Setting Chiller Water Intlet Chiller Water Outlet Laser

Experimental Result Fig. 7 shows measured data, and they are

separated into three parts for the individual (µm) Error

discussion: Temperature(°C)

1.The measured result of the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) temperature setting 28°C: As shown in Fig. 7(a), when the spindle is Time (min)

operating during the initial 10 minutes, the Fig. 7 The temperature and measured result of laser measurement system error is happened on the spindle thermal expansion; from the result we can infer that, the error is occurred on the spindle Water Chiller Setting Chiller Water Intlet Chiller Water Outlet Laser thermal expansion due to the temperature temperature. Start operating. of the machine casting affected by the temperature. Stop operating. ambient temperature. From the time interval between 10 and 30 minutes, we can see that the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) starts and stops operat-

ing, causing the variation of spindle thermal (µm) Error

expansion. During this time interval, the Temperature(°C) thermal The machine casting temperature affected by variation. the ambience

2.The measured result of the spindle water Time (min) chiller (thermostatic type) temperature Fig. 7(a) The measured result of the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) setting changed from 28°C to 24°C: temperature setting 28°C

As shown in Fig. 7(b), when the water Water Chiller Setting Chiller Water Intlet Chiller Water Outlet Laser chiller (thermostatic type) starts operating, it takes approximately 7 minutes to lower the temperature to below 24°C and stops operating. The variation of the thermal

After temperature changing from 28°C Error (µm) to 24°C, the chiller starts operating. After operating for approx. 7 minutes, Temperature(°C) the temperature lowers to below 24°C and stops operating.

Time (min)

Fig. 7(b) The measured result of the water chiller (thermostatic type) temperature setting changed from 28°C to 24°C

18 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 Water Chiller Setting Chiller Water Intlet Chiller Water Outlet Laser

temperature. Start operating. temperature. Stop operating. Error (µm)Error Temperature (°C)

Time (min)

Fig. 7(c) The measured result of the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) temperature setting 24°C

3.The measured result of the spindle water chiller 1.Depending on the ambient temperature, the water chiller (thermostatic type) temperature setting 24°C: temperature can be set between 24°C and 28°C, but As shown in Fig. 7 (c), during the time duration of 40~60 moisture condensation is avoided. During every machining minutes, the spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) starts cycle, arbitrarily changing the temperature setting is and stops operating, and the spindle thermal expansion is avoided, or error will be occurred when the tem- changed; during this time duration, the variation of the perature setting is between 24°C and 28°C. 2.During machining, arbitrarily changing the temperature setting of the spindle water chiller ( thermostatic type ) will Conclusion affect the variation of spindle thermal expansion; in light This experiment is to examine during the spindle operating of this, the operator’s intellectuality to the machine is very when arbitrarily changing the temperature setting of the important. spindle water chiller (thermostatic type) if different levels of 3.From this study, we can see the correlation of water temp- the variation would be occurred on the spindle thermal erature, spindle, and spindle thermal expansion, as well as expansion. Via the simulated situation of the unexpected the water chiller as a key role in the machining. outer factors (e.g. operator factor, malfunction of the water chiller, power failure, etc.) occurred during machining, the situation leads to a temperature setting change of the water chiller (thermostatic type), and then examine the level of the impact on the spindle thermal expansion. From the experi- mental results, the following summarizes the conclusion:

References: [1] HABOR HW Series Water Cooling Unit, Instruction Manual, p. 6. [2] KEYENCE Displacement Sensor/Measurement Instrument, Catalog, p. 6 and p.14.

19 Oil and Gas Industry Overview

Onshore Rig via Nestor Galina/ Flickr

The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring Petro-Canada, ONGC, Russian’s Gazprom, Surgutneft- unprocessed crude oil and the collectively described two egaz, Lukos and Rosneft, all of which, though, control only major productions – Oil and Natural Gas, whereas the about 6% of global oil and gas reserves. petroleum industry includes the global processes of explo- ration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers Solely owned and operated by the government, or called and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products covering National Oil Companies (NOC) were typically built from a large range of activities from a variety of commercial and existing petroleum ministries. Nowadays, approximately industrial categories. 88% of global oil and gas reserves were controlled by state owned, primarily located in the Middle East. Energy indus- The Petroleum represents geologic processes ranging try news from late 2009 was replete with examples of the from the formation of crude oil and natural gas within the ways in which IOCs, NOCs and other players are interact- earth and exploitation such as location exploration of major ing. Another referred to Government-Sponsored Enterprise resources around the world. The American Petroleum (GSE), the so-called hybrid entities are now gradually Institute divides the petroleum industry into five sectors: merged and vertical-integrated for domestic exploration Upstream (exploration, development and production of and production. China CNPC shows the best example crude oil or natural gas), Downstream (oil tankers, refiners, among all on this trend. retailers and consumers), Pipeline, Marine and service and supply. Generalized, the whole operation of petroleum OPEC is a permanent intergovernmental organization of industry contains technologies including drilling and oil-exporting developing nations. They hold the prominent completion wells (Onshore and Offshore), managing oil mission of “Coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of and gas production, transporting oil, transporting natural its member countries”, to secure an efficient, economic and gas by pipeline or liquefied form and converting oil and gas regular supply of petroleum to consumers. OPEC aimed to into extensive of various useful products that we are increased and decreased overall production by its mem- familiar with in daily life. In view of the significant changes bers, though it encounters overproduction and price that occurred over the past five or six decades, these problem by member country due to lack of an effective technologies, developments, and structures played a vital enforcement mechanism. role on the world history, economy, and even available Technologies Behind foreseeable political association and activity. From the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, the global oil and gas trade Drilling a single well on land can cost hundreds of was dominated by a handful of publicly owned companies thousands of dollars not mention daunting investment which based on the United State, the United Kingdom, and required to develop a medium-sized offshore field, which Netherlands. Interestingly, several of today’s International shows on the order of more than $1 billion depending on Oil Companies (below IOC) began life as government- water depth, well depth and geologic parameters. In sponsored firms but were subsequently privatized such as decades past, companies would look for evidence of seep-

20 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 age at the surface, indicating the presence of hydrocarbons (5) Operational issues during drilling and production below the surface, as noted by API, having luck for this (6) Decommissioning of equipment and sites at the end of game. However today, exploration and production (below projects E&P) firms would use a variety of advanced tools and techniques to gain a detailed picture of the surface such as Following paragraphs introduce an expensive campaign of geologic mapping and sampling, geochemical features development drilling and tools. The objective is to drill down (chemical and bacterial properties of the soil), and to those formations that show promise and to put into place geophysical analysis. the equipment and systems required to produce oil and gas safely and importantly cost-effectively. The most implemented survey turns to Seismic Virtually all oil and gas along with other physical wells – onshore and exploitation. Routinely offshore – are drilled assessment accumulates using a system called structures at depths up a rotary drilling rig, to 20,000 feet, with an which can drill several accuracy of 10-20 feet. hundred to several Typical instruments were thousand feet per day. called Geophones or Many innovations Seismometers, used for have been developed detecting the shock wave. since rotary drilling The reflected sound first came into wide- Rotary drilling rig via Störfix / Wikipedia Offshore oil rigs california via waves are sensed and spread use in the early Michael Wilson/ Flicker translated in a precise 1990s. Many rotary rigs use from one to four diesel engines pattern on the surface of ground. For offshore exploration, which generates as much as 3,000 horsepower for use. a specially designed vessel that tows 2 kinds of equipment This prime mover can power the following equipment and as it moves slowly across the water. One is a sound source tools such as rotating equipment, hoisting equipment, mounted close to the stern and the other is called streamer circulating equipment, water-pumping and compression that can stretch for up to five miles behind the vessel and equipment, and the associated lighting as well as accesso- that holds 200 ~ 300 carefully spaced vibration detectors. ries.

After an E&P company has identified a formation that shows promise, a formation evaluation begins with a series of exploratory drilling. Selecting the number and location of exploratory wells is critical because drilling is a very expen- sive process, ranging from $15 million for an onshore site to greater than $100 million of deep-water drilling activities and available resources. Although it is beyond the scope of this article to describe all detailed tools and technologies, following technical and anniversary in 2011, OPEC played a major force in the global trade and operational factors are worth noted. (1) Expected rate of decline in well production (2) Expected oil and gas quality with required cleanup/treatment actions (3) Environmental regulations (4) Proximity of storage facilities and pipelines/transportation methods

Soil rotary auger at Nevada Test Site of U.S. Department of Energy in US/ Wikipedia 21 Unconventional Supply of Shale Oil & Gas Field Machinery It is worth mentioning that the most-updated energy The oil and gas field machinery industry includes field tools, technology - Shale Oil, also known as kerogen shale, which oil derricks, drilling rigs and tools, well logging and survey- is predicted to revolutionize the world’s energy market over ing equipment, and general gas well and oil field machinery the next twenty years. and equipment; the oil and gas producers and drilling The origin of the oil shale reserves were restored in hard companies are the main customers. Take the US as a dense of shale deposits of shale from ancient sea basins typical example, many machinery manufacturers produce millions of years ago. Though unconventional oil production specialty drilling equipment and the related machinery is commonly seen as more costly than conventional oil while other machine tool makers produce smaller parts production, and is likely to cause more environmental either for assembly at the more specialized companies or damage, the increasing global demand for petroleum and to meet replacement needs while the rig is in service. As to its shrinking supply have turned the companies to opt the drilling rigs, approximately 97% are owned by indepen- unconventional oil. Estonia — an East European country dent drilling contractors, not the oil and gas producers, and close to Russian border with 1.3 million people, gets almost the manufacturer usually maintains a parallel field service 90% of electricity need from oil shale and aims to develop department to provide on-site services once a well begins its own exporting shale technology to produce cleaner operating. electricity and high-grade fuel products from oil shale. As a It was not regarded until the 1930s when oil drilling actually successful example, Estonia now is the world‘s most became a science. Although the American Petroleum shale-dependent country. The oil shale related production Institute organized its first equipment standardization has also been accelerating in US and other countries for committee in 1925, the industry did not really become these years through the main techniques including hydrau- specialized in the following ten years. Before 1930s, the lic fracturing, horizontal directional drilling and so on. The parts of an oil drilling rig were made for other machines. shale revolution exactly brings impacts of the falling price of These makeshift rigs were practical and effective enough to natural gas and the rising production of oil. achieve the purpose intended, however, there existed enormous improvements like to efficiently producing oil with less waste, which were necessary to resolve. Ever since then, mechanical and petroleum engineers made effort on designing oil field machinery and tools and some practical product were invented, such as better tooth and ball bearing designs of rock bits, roller bearing enclosed engines, automatic controls for steam generating plants, and gas engine electric generator sets with motors. Besides, drilling rig personnel were becoming more trained on techniques and safety practices since then.

Until today, the principle and operation of this industry are still applied equally as the past and just with a few changes Pumping jack (Photo by Paul Chang)

the offshore drilling methods used along the coastlines getting demise. In the oil and gas industry, the drilling technology still greatly relies on a broad range of advanced machinery, such as pipe handling, instrumentation and pressure control equipment. The oil and gas companies are required to have their production well equipped to face the gradual intricate energy industry and to meet the necessi- ties of the marketplace.

Pumping jack of oil well via_Richard Masoner Cyclelicious/ Flickr 22 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 Solution for Your Production Goal Buffalo Machinery, as a worldwide manufacturer of high-quality machinery, has expertise in designing and developing machine tools to meet diverse industries’ demands for years and develop a The Near Future series of products to satisfy the machining demand of energy For all the time, the world economic uncertainty always industrial. directly applies impacts on oil and gas field machinery development. The higher oil price on market usually CNC Lathe Machine provokes more exploration and drilling, and that in turn For deep-hole drilling and turning heavy castings or promotes the oil and gas industry and the related machin- forgings, MICROCUT 117HT (slant bed) is characterized ery industry. The forecast of International Energy Authority by big bore and has larger bar capacity (117mm) with (IEA) pointed out global oil demand growth slowing, OPEC powerful spindle motor (max. spindle speed 1500rpm), capacity growth facing headwinds, and growing regional ideal for threading and cutting the long pipes or tubes. imbalances in gasoline and diesel markets in its five-year The model features large swing over bed (900mm) that oil market outlook released in July, 2014, which gives a allows versatility machining the big and heavy steel detailed analysis and five-year projections of oil demand, rollers, the large diameter flanges and the long shaft, etc, supply, crude trade, refining capacity and product supply. perfect for oil and gas field. Besides, it also addressed the unconventional oil revolution that reshuffles the global oil market may tend to keep expanding effect beyond North America to global communi- ties around the world before the end of 2020.

References

1. Joseph F. Hilyard (2012). The Oil & Gas Industry: A Nontechnical 76HT 117HT BNC-3000 Guide. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Penn Well Corporation 2. Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed. SIC3533 Oil Field Machinery CNC Horizontal Boring Machine http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/industries/Machinery-Computer- The HBM RAM Type Horizontal Borer, HBM-140RT Equipment/Oil-Field-Machinery.html provides great size and large loading capacities (up to 40 3. The Shale 'Revolution' Is About Gas Prices & Oil Production, James tonnes table loading), RAM movement on spindle (up to Coleman 800mm), high tensile strength column structure as well http://theenergycollective.com/energylawprof/432466/shale- as rigid linear guideways with encoder on X & Z axes. revolution-about-gas-prices-oil-production The integration of patented technology “Straightness 4. International Energy Agent. (2014). IEA releases Oil Market Report for Compensation Technology” ensures the linearity of the September [Press release]. Unconventional oil revolution to spread by RAM movement and the accuracy of the machine. The 2019 model provides versatile solution to greatly meet the http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/pressreleases/2014/june/name- requirements of high precision and capacity in oil and 104999-en.html gas field. 5. Photo: (1) Onshore Rig via Nestor Galina/ Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/ nestorgalina/2640462570/in/photostream/ (2) Offshore oil rigs in California via Michael Wilson/ Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/michaelpwilson/5661872951 (3) Rotary drilling rig via Störfix / Wikipedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drehbohrgeraet-BG22.jpg

(4) Soil rotary auger at Nevada Test Site of U.S. Department of Energy HBM Table Type HBM T-Type (Column Moving) in US/ Wikipedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NTS_-_ Horizontal Borer Horizontal Borer Big_Hole_Drilling_004.jpg (5) Pumping jack of oil well via_Richard Masoner Cyclelicious/ Flickr . https://www.flickr.com/photos/bike/3153652073

HBM RAM Type HBM Floor Type Horizontal Borer Horizontal Borer 23 Sauter Disc-type Turret Red Series with The Key to Productivity — single motor system (Source: Sauter) Powered Turret Mechanical Structure for Powered Turret Tool Disc — Powered Turret (also called Live Turret or Driven Tool Turret) has generally become one of the key components for multi-tasking machine tools. Compared to the conven- tional machine tool, a multi-tasking machine tool in advance allows versatile machining of complex workpiece which usually needs to be processed in different operation. This kind of machine tool features cost reduction and it also greatly shortens the in-process duration for manufacturing industry. Powered Turrets Structure A Brief Overview A-Turret, B-Coolant group, C-Tool disc, D-Driven tools device (Source: Duplomatic Automation) The powered turret plays an important role on state-of-the- The Tool Disc is one of the main parts of the turret system art machining and holds more advantages by offering the and it directly affects the machining quality. In driven tool multi-tasking machine tools a wide variety of machining turrets, it connects tool holder, receives the cutting force, types and by combining with better accuracy and shorter and works an ideal alignment between the rotating overall production time. In terms of production process of tool-holder coupling and the turret power intake, all of which machining, it largely reduces in-process inventory by ensure the best performance during machining process. eliminating inter-machine "float”, promotes higher machine The overall tool design is basically classified into three utilization through limiting multiple setups, and eliminates types: capital costs of machining centers. From a clear and overall observation, the powered turret improves competi- (1) Star type – This is a common form mainly for a traditional tiveness and profitability, with which it is widely utilized in non-powered turret, VDI radial turret, and BMT system. lathe and multi-tasking machine tools. (2) Round type – This is mainly for a VDI-axial turret type, which is also a common form Powered Turret is mainly used in multi-tasking machine (3) Cinquefoil type tools and the number of turret adopted usually depends on the machining requirements. Through multi-tasking The positioning accuracy of tool machine tools, the processing of complex parts can be disc is mainly determined by gear realized on the same machine platform, or called "Do-in- clutch which is divided into one" concept, that includes the turning, drilling , tapping two-piece and three-piece types. (thread cutting), slot cutting, side grooving (keyway cutting) There are two forms of tooth of the , side milling (face cutting), angle drilling (c-axis angle Star type tool disc gear— straight tooth and curved drilling), curve milling (cam cutting) and so on. During tooth. The advantages of the machining operations, the workpiece is stably fixed or curve design tooth are automatic rotated while the rotary live tools mounted in turret are alignment and wide contacting working on it. The followings summarize the advantage: area. (1) Shorten the processing time of parts machining due to Tool disc is divided into radial tool the reduction of loading and unloading process and due Round type tool disc disc and axial tool disc according to one tool-installation settings to the direction of surface joining (2) Improve the machining accuracy since the workpiece the tool holders. The turret size can be stably fixed in the same plane without changing also determines the maximum its location and clamping methods while processed number of installable power tool (3) Improve the effectiveness of mass production holder.

Cinquefoil type tool disc

24 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 Circuit design— The circuit system used in powered turret comprises the Axial tool disc Radial tool disc following: (Source: Sauter) ydraulic Circuit: mainly controls the clamping and Milling Shaft Power Transmission — unclamping functions Coolant Circuit: supplies coolant for sections of specific The driven force of milling shaft is generated by servo part, curved tooth clutch, internal cutting bearing and motor, transmitted through a gear reducer unit, and through external cutting operation. the engagement of clutch and tool holder to transfer the Electrical Circuit: coupled to servo motor control, tool disc driven force. The speed range of milling shaft can be varied sensors of clamping and unclamping, and position sensor. depending on the cutting condition. Extend Machine’s Possibility Servo Motor — Buffalo Machinery provides advanced Lathe series which Powered Turret uses a servo motor to supply driving force representing great examples of powered turret application. for milling shaft mechanism and the tool indexing of disc. When MICROCUT large-scale lathe series – including BNC When comparing to conventional design equipped with two series, HT series, and LT series – is installed with powered servo motor, the advanced design is equipped with one turret equipped with C axis and braking system, the combi- servo motor. The new design not only yields advantages of nation can work cooperatively with the other to consistently cost saving of servo motor and decreasing traverse interfer- deliver outstanding milling, drilling, tapping and boring ence, but also raises the challenge of difficulties on interior functions, so it maximizes the lathe capability to meet structure design and power switch time increasing. various machining demands. Tool Holder System — Conclusion There are two popular tool holder systems used in powered The development of powered turret involves lots of turret: BMT or VDI, and the same application also applies to challenges right from design to manufacturing. Except for tool disc for correspondent. the requirement of a certain level of technical points, it still The VDI (i.e. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, translated as faces various technical difficulties in design aspects, such Society of German Engineers) holder has a serrated shaft as cases below: which is inserted into an opening on the face of the turret. The VDI serrated wedge can accurately bolt the VDI Tool holder into respective position and pulled safely on the surface of turret. The size of gear teeth is designed accord- ing to DIN 69880, and a packing block securely locks the investment gear teeth. The VDI system is developed according to DIN Despite available major developers which with rich experi- rules and extends several types of tool driven gear which is ence in designing and manufacture on the industry, various on the design of brands. Unlike BMT turret, VDI however, the challenge did not depress the new comer and holders can be mounted to either outside of the turret or on there are some manufacturers who still keep their footing in the surface of it, depending on the turret configuration of the field. Some manufactures even supply turn-key solution machine offered. to offer the full range of tooling system. Currently, the phenomenon of market shortage is still there, and the The BMT (i.e. “Base Mounted Turret”), is often thought to be powered-turret market is being predicted that it will be in a more rigid setup overall. The BMT holder is mounted high demand in the long run while the demand of multi- (solidly) to the surface of the turret with four socket head tasking machine tool leads the way on market. cap screws, and is located and further secured with locating keys present on the turret surface. Theoretically, BMT References: holder has better rigidity and suitable for heavy-duty cutting, 1. . (2014). Key Component with Potential— Powered Turret and the simple design make it easier for installation than Equipment. Machine Tool & Accessory Magazine (61), 98-104 2. Duplomatic Automation MDT * series 20 Moudular Driven Tool VDI tool holder system. Device for Axial System DIN 5480 / 5482 Coupling TECHNICAL INFORMATION http://www.duplomaticautomation.com/en/ 3. High precision mechanical industry development http://www.baruffaldi.it 4. Sauter Product Overview http://www.sauter-asia.com/eng_index.asp 25 The Richness of Taiwan Ethnic Food

Once exclaimed “Ilha Formosa”, Taiwan is a beautiful island with lots of delightful scenery. The wonderful varieties of geographical features and its tropical and subtropical weather make it suitable mostly for agriculture development and there- fore, make a richness of cuisine culture on this island. The unique diet features and cooking art of ethnic foods do contribute to the island’s reputation as a cuisine paradise for tourists all over the world. Until today, the cuisine art has been combined by ethnic diversity and has been generated new blends of innovation in taste.

Aboriginal Cuisine In Ami tribe, wild vegetable is an integral part of daily life diet, but for most people, these wild plants have special A Proverb "Mountaineers rely on the mountains, just like flavors like bitter, astringent, spicy and acidic taste, which is those by the waterside profit from water", adequately difficult to be accepted. Nevertheless, Amis has a set way reflects the scope of aboriginal food culture. Owing to the to handle wild plants by the use of boiled soup to get rid of need to respond to different ecological environments, the the grassy taste. In addition, by using methods such as early indigenous people of Taiwan developed a variety of stir-fried or stewed seasoning, wild vegetables can retain natural skills, such as collecting, hunting, fishing, farming their high fiber quality characteristics and delicious. and other livelihood patterns. The aboriginal tribes along the mountains and sea were separated into various ethnic groups with unique lifestyles. Vegetable Fern Salad Aboriginal mainly lives in fishing and hunting, so the diet A salad dish of vegetable fern (Diplazium esculentum) style is full of natural original flavor that comprised of natural with mayonnaise. ingredients, a variety of vegetables, millet, wild boar, and (Source: Wikipedia) river fish or shrimp, as the main sources of food. Aboriginal cooking is the perfect presentation of authentic ingredients. The aboriginal cooking techniques include steaming, Hakka boiling, and mostly baking based. Mother Nature spirit Hakka Chinese, since very early stage, was migrated to features largely in the food of tribal people, in one of which Taiwan from east shore of Mainland China. They formed a "Bamboo Rice" from Atayal tribe is a typical dish. Hakka village in the hilly place since the early years of land Bamboo Rice reclamation and home establishment. are Put glutinous rice or renowned for frugal characters by adapting to migration and millet with meat in mountain life, which make this ethnic people good at plant- bamboo and then bake until the bamboo ing crops and cultivate skills to make food production for the surface burnt, the meal rainy day. This living style creates a unique characteristic of is sweetness flavor of - based on pickled and sticky rice foodstuff. bamboo. (Source: Wikipedia) Fried Dried Bamboo Shoot Among Taiwan aborigines, the unique ethnic culture of Ami With crispy and sour flavor, tribe food shows the most diverse in wild vegetables dishes and easy to digest. Dried bamboo shoots is always that applied to their everyday life, the category is up to more an excellent ingredient for than 200 kinds. In traditional ceremonies, including Ami’s making Hakka dishes harvest festival, fishing festival, millet harvest festival, (Source: Wikipedia) sowing festival, and hunting festival, they prepared wild vegetable dishes as a sacrificial offerings to show God how Hakka dishes have characteristics of salty, oily, savory and thankful they are, therefore as a necessity for the culture. sour tastes. Generally, the certain amount of salt is added Perhaps festival types and dishes are slightly different from to preserve food for storage as well as to replenish the body the south to the north of Ami tribe, but vegetable dishes had strength after the perspiration during work in the fields. Oil already been considered an important role in tribal life. is used to help gain physical energy required for the strenu- ous labor. The known sour taste is widely applied in Hakka

26 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 dishes to increase flavor; the ingredients like plum, sauer- Beef Noodle kraut, orange sauce, pineapple or white vinegar are A meal made of stewed or red frequently being applied. Hakka dishes are made as savory braised beef, beef broth, vegetables and Chinese noodles. as possible to stimulate the appetite and ensure fullness for (Source: Wikipedia) a long time after having dishes.

Pork and Squid with Dried Turnip and Garlic– An authentic and typical Hakka Taiwanese Dish (Source: Chen, Kent. . 2011. http://www.flickr.com/ photos/kent-chen/ Braised Pork Rice 5488994699/) Ground pork marinated and braised in soy sauce Hakka cuisine emphasizes simple principle and preserves served on top of steamed the natural flavor of food. Hakka people also make good rice.(Source: Wikipedia) use of natural resources and create a lot of seasoning sauces, such as the acid orange processing into orange Fried Water Spinach sauce, with rich fruity flavor, in addition to the existing Fried water spinach with oil balance of Hakka cuisine greasy feeling. All in all, Hakka and sliced garlic or other spice is usually a quick and foods reflect the diligent hard-work philosophy of life ubiqui- tasty side dish on the table. tously. (Source: Wikipedia) Traditional Taiwanese Cuisine Taiwanese cuisine itself is often associated with influences Ethnic foods in Taiwan can be divided into a few categories from cuisine, cuisine, Chaozhou cuisine, but without regional differentiation in essence. This Hakka cuisine and , also lately obviously reflects on the ethic fusion nowadays. The influenced by Japanese for half-a-century due to the period richness of ethnic cuisine is more characterized by the when Taiwan was under Japanese rule occupation. As a passing down and persistence of traditional cooking art, result, the fusion and absorbing made Taiwanese cuisine and especially, blending in with people’s pursuit of enjoy- turned to be one of a kind in its essence. ment in food, all makes the dishes of each group shine at Taiwanese cuisine emphasizes authenticity and quality of their points of stardom and can be found everywhere. Next food, the cuisine features characteristics of clear, light, time when you stop by Taiwan, remember to take a look and fresh and mellow. In terms of food material, the cozy try on these delicious foods to expand your cuisine experi- climate makes adequate agricultural products, from rice, ence. corn, tea, pork, poultry, beef, fish, to fruits and vegetables, and therefore creates abundant and Taiwanese dishes with variety on the table. Also influenced by the geographic References: 1.Food Culture in Taiwan http://taiwanfoodculture.net/mp.asp?mp=1502 location surrounded by the sea, the seafood is common 2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine food material in Taiwanese cuisine. As to cuisine 3.Photo: techniques, the well-trained cookers use sauté spice (1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minced_pork_rice (garlic, ginger, green onion, basil) until aromatic and stir-fry (2)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_noodle methods to cook ingredients well, so freshness and (3)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddlehead_fern (4)http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E7%AD%92%E9%A5%AD nutrition is preserved without loss. Taiwanese cuisine (5)http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%8D%E4%B9%BE always evolves with time through the absorption of the (6)http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%95%B9%E8%8F%9C# essence of exotic fusion dishes and well coexists with the mediaviewer/File:Ipomoea_aquatica_cooked.jpg traditional style that it can be easily seen everywhere in the (7)http://www.flickr.com/photos/kent-chen/5488994699/ island.

27 Intensive Training Course to Better Custo

To better support distributors and to intensify the technical services on quality and their applications, Buffalo Machinery strives to achieve customer satisfaction by providing exclusive distributors in China a variety of resources. A series of on-site technical training programs conducted for TERNA engineers were just rounded off recently. The training was taken place at Buffalo Plant No. 8 from Aug. 25 to Sep. 4, 2014, when this event specifically targeted on mechanical construction, electrical operation and precision regulation of MICROCUT Horizontal borers.

TERNA Mechanical & Electrical Technology Co., Ltd is a well-known importer and distributor of CNC machines in machine-tool Industry of China and has been Adjustment for brake clearance of working table the exclusive distributor for MICROCUT HBM series for years. With the excellent marketing experience, today TERNA has gained high market share in China, Hong Kong and Macao, and keeps providing good and on-time services for customers.

For market operations of each regional distributor, Buffalo Machinery always puts a premium power on the quality of technical service and therefore irregu- larly holds technical training programs for regional distributers. According to the market characteristics and the demand of distributors with local market feedback, this 2-week training session held recently was arranged to focus on HBM Column Moving Type Horizontal Borer series. In terms of the knowledge base of HBM series, in which machine concepts was emphasized and reviewed before practicing the fundamental but necessary techniques. This on-site training session comprised of assortment of topics ranging from disassembling

The planeness and perpendicularity and installation of machine, mechanism calibration and accuracy inspection, inspection for Y-axis along with CNC operation and machining applications.

Disassembled the Z-axis mounting bracket Disassembled the working table The adjustment for worm and worm gear

This program offers trainees an excellent opportunity to strengthen and extend their knowledge and skills on MICROCUT HBM series. Training contents are initiated from disassembling HBM-5T, including disassembly of the safety guarding, electrical box, counterweight device, column and spindle mounting assembly in order. It then processed in an opposite way to assemble the column up to the machine base until all associated parts were all installed. In addition to the machine concept, the trainees were given refresher courses on the basics of precision regulation, the implementation of CNC controller and a machining application— Doweling Machining. Doweling machining presents an efficient application on deep-hole machining, and the adjustment of fixture position is also a part of the training to promote product features in the solution for customers.

28 Challenger 2014 Volume 6 Issue 24 mer Support

The adjustment for preparation of The adjustment for working The straightness adjustment The practice of CNC operation doweling machining table shaft for ram and quill

The overall training courses were conducted in an intensive and effective way. A lot of concept orientations, hands-on on-site practices, and question & answer feedback make trainees more involved with the training contents. On the final day of this training session, a brief quiz was given to check whether all the participants had obtained the necessary knowledge base and the prerequisite skills

For the growing market, Buffalo Machinery keeps putting efforts and focusing on the comprehensive supports for distributors to which not only new product launch, sales consultation, and technical guidance, but also technical capacity enhancement for distributors are delivered out for the quality of product and service. Furthermore, Buffalo Machinery benefits distributors on business promotion in this industry and market. The training activities had provided comprehensive concepts of the MICROCUT borer machines, and had further master solid technical skills for each technician, because only robust knowledge base and problem-solving capability can actually benefit and increase the service quality and bring the customer’s satisfaction. Most impor- tantly, the event helped to build strong working relationship to drive more effective collaboration and distribution in the region. i e

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