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Espècies De Laboratori: Coneixem Molt De Molt Poc? Espècies de laboratori: coneixem molt de molt poc? Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, Institute of Evolutionary Biology & Departament de Genètica (UB) Residència D’investigadors (Csic-Generalitat De Catalunya); 27 Abril 2015 Organismes top model -molt ben estudiats -fàcils de mantenir al laboratori -avantatges experimentals (a nivell genòmic i genètic/experimental) coneixem molt de molt poc? El tres dominis de l’arbre de la vida Eucariotes Archaea Bacteris El tres dominis de l’arbre de la vida Eucariotes Archaea Bacteris Eucariotes: El biaix dels tres grans grups multicel·lulars S c h iz a o C p Myxogastria a h la e lliid o a a s e Breviatea it b Icht m Corallochytrium n v telia e o M F o s o a m to h ila e d o c m yo o ta iid onas la ty a n y stere avosteliid z ra t spo a ic a ulticilia F Protosteliida o Gracilipodida s C d Protosporangiida rch a D o M re a A x onas RozellFungi a Tubuline a A a Discosea e asalia A p Malawimr pusom Fonticulah P a a e Fornicata id o N lid a arab b z sea ucl P o o Mantamonas a k n A onadidae Tsukubama le nc ari J g onas yro a u m C m E eteroloboo e ollodictyoo H a na alpit did P hyce nidaea Picozoa Rigifilid ryptop ae Pha C yce Opisthokonta eop ph s S hy a Glaucophytaodo llale Amoebozoa Phaeotham chizo cee Rh phy clad lmo Excavata niophyceaeia Pa X is anthop Prasinophytaeroselm Archaeplastida hycea Neph ae Raphid e llophyce Rhizaria ophyceae Mamie Alveolata Actinophryidae Pedinophyceae Chlorodendrophyceae Stramenopila Pinguiochrysidales tigmatales Ulvophyceae Incertae sedis Eus Chlorophyceae Synurales Trebouxiophyceae ae Charo Chrysophyceaehyce phyta chop Embriophyta ictyo C D entro Pelagophyceae a Telonemhelid me H a Bolidomonasto s ap a Dia le Foraminiferatop ytria s hy ch ete Acantharia ta ho yc 1 P yp m o H ro T 2 Phytomyxealy o MASTS s cis osp A Vampyrellidtin n M A e ero 2 Filoretasc a P 1 3 G e T to BlastocystiS Tremro s OpalinataA a Chlorarachniophytm p id 0 M o a M 1 G ia re MAST Thecofilosea e id P ra ul C tro a c Im G a / 1 is a la erco n a h a n m lis o P ra bricatea cetes x s Bicosoecida rr filo o / 7 y o s o rid le na h 4 o m e m xy p p s MAST 8T / 1 m de O o e o o m m S n a o n o ili a A ro a n a ic C d M Syndiniales h a d Dinoflagellata olpodellida a Perkinsidae p id d ida C C A id a a Labyrinthulom Eucariotes S c h iz a o C p Myxogastria a h la e lliid o a a s e Breviatea it b Icht m Corallochytrium n v telia e o M F o s o a m to h ila e d o c m yo o ta iid onas la ty a n y stere avosteliid z ra t spo a ic a ulticilia F Protosteliida o Gracilipodida s C d Protosporangiida rch a D o M re a A x onas RozellFungi a Tubuline a A a Discosea e asalia A p Malawimr pusom Fonticulah P a a e Fornicata id o N lid a arab b z sea ucl P o o Mantamonas a k n A onadidae Tsukubama le nc ari J g onas yro a u m C m E eteroloboo e ollodictyoo H a na alpit did P hyce nidaea Picozoa Rigifilid ryptop ae Pha C yce Opisthokonta eop ph s S hy a Glaucophytaodo llale Amoebozoa Phaeotham chizo cee Rh phy clad lmo Excavata niophyceaeia Pa X is anthop Prasinophytaeroselm Archaeplastida hycea Neph ae Raphid e llophyce Rhizaria ophyceae Mamie Alveolata Actinophryidae Pedinophyceae Chlorodendrophyceae Stramenopila Pinguiochrysidales tigmatales Ulvophyceae Incertae sedis Eus Chlorophyceae Synurales Trebouxiophyceae ae Charo Chrysophyceaehyce phyta chop Embriophyta ictyo C D entro Pelagophyceae a Telonemhelid me H a Bolidomonasto s ap a Dia le Foraminiferatop ytria s hy ch ete Acantharia ta ho yc 1 P yp m o H ro T 2 Phytomyxealy o MASTS s cis osp A Vampyrellidtin n M A e ero 2 Filoretasc a P 1 3 G e T to BlastocystiS Tremro s OpalinataA a Chlorarachniophytm p id 0 M o a M 1 G ia re MAST Thecofilosea e id P ra ul C tro a c Im G a / 1 is a la erco n a h a n m lis o P ra bricatea cetes x s Bicosoecida rr filo o / 7 y o s o rid le na h 4 o m e m xy p p s MAST 8T / 1 m de O o e o o m m S n a o n o ili a A ro a n a ic C d M Syndiniales h a d Dinoflagellata olpodellida a Perkinsidae p id d ida C C A id a a Labyrinthulom Eucariotes S c h iz a o C p Myxogastria a h la e lliid o a a s e Breviatea it b Icht m Corallochytrium n v telia e o M F o s o a m to h ila e d o c m yo o ta iid onas la ty a n y stere avosteliid z ra t spo a ic a ulticilia F Protosteliida o Gracilipodida s C d Protosporangiida rch a D o M re a A x onas RozellFungi a Tubuline a A a Discosea e asalia A p Malawimr pusom Fonticulah P a a e Fornicata id o N lid a arab b z sea ucl P o o Mantamonas a k n A onadidae Tsukubama le nc ari J g onas Dictyostelium yro a u m C m E eteroloboo e ollodictyoo H a na alpit did P hyce nidaea Picozoa Rigifilid ryptop ae Pha C yce Opisthokonta eop ph s S hy a Glaucophytaodo llale Amoebozoa Phaeotham chizo cee Rh phy clad lmo Excavata niophyceaeia Pa X is anthop Prasinophytaeroselm Archaeplastida hycea Neph ae Raphid e llophyce Rhizaria ophyceae Mamie Actinophryidae Alveolata Pedinophyceae Flickr The Why Files Chlorodendrophyceae Stramenopila Pinguiochrysidales tigmatales Ulvophyceae Incertae sedis Eus Chlorophyceae Synurales Trebouxiophyceae ae Charo Chrysophyceaehyce phyta chop Embriophyta ictyo C D entro Pelagophyceae a Telonemhelid me H a Bolidomonasto s ap a Dia le Foraminiferatop ytria s hy ch ete Acantharia ta ho yc 1 P yp m o H ro T 2 Phytomyxealy o MASTS s cis osp A Vampyrellidtin n M A e ero 2 Filoretasc a P 1 3 G e T to BlastocystiS Tremro s OpalinataA a Chlorarachniophytm p id 0 M o a M 1 G ia re MAST Thecofilosea e id P ra ul C tro a c Im G a / 1 is a la erco n a h a n m lis o P ra bricatea cetes x s Bicosoecida rr filo o / 7 y o s o rid le na h 4 o m e m xy p p s MAST 8T / 1 m de O o e o o m m S n a o n o ili a A ro a n a ic C d M Syndiniales h a d Dinoflagellata olpodellida a Perkinsidae p id d ida C C A id a a Labyrinthulom Eucariotes Porifera Placozoa Ctenophora Cnidaria Acoelomorpha Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida* Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Rotifera Acantocephala Bryozoa Brachiopoda Phoronida* Entoprocta* Platyhelminthes Nemertea Mollusca Polychaeta Clitellata* ANNELIDA Siboglinidae Echiura Sipuncula* Priapulida* Kinorhyncha* Loricifera Nematoda Nematomorpha Tardigrada* Onychophora Myriapoda* Hexapoda* Crustacea Chellicerata ARTHROPODA Chaetognatha Xenoturbellida* Echinodermata Hemichordata* Cephalochordata Craniata Tunicata S c h iz a o C p Myxogastria a h la e lliid o a a s e Breviatea it b Icht m Corallochytrium n v telia e o M F o s o a m to h ila e d o c m yo o ta iid onas la ty a n y stere avosteliid z ra t spo a ic a ulticilia F Protosteliida o Gracilipodida s C d Protosporangiida rch a D o M re a A x onas RozellFungi a Tubuline a A a Discosea e asalia A p Malawimr pusom Fonticulah P a a e Fornicata id o N lid a arab b z sea ucl P o o Mantamonas a k n A onadidae Tsukubama le nc ari J g onas yro a u m C m E eteroloboo e ollodictyoo H a na alpit did P hyce nidaea Picozoa Rigifilid ryptop ae Pha C yce Opisthokonta eop ph s S hy a Glaucophytaodo llale Amoebozoa Phaeotham chizo cee Rh phy clad lmo Excavata niophyceaeia Pa X is anthop Prasinophytaeroselm Archaeplastida hycea Neph ae Raphid e llophyce Rhizaria ophyceae Mamie Flickr The Why Files Alveolata Actinophryidae Pedinophyceae Chlorodendrophyceae Stramenopila Pinguiochrysidales tigmatales Ulvophyceae Incertae sedis Eus Chlorophyceae Synurales Trebouxiophyceae ae Charo Chrysophyceaehyce phyta chop Embriophyta ictyo C D entro Pelagophyceae a Telonemhelid me H a Bolidomonasto s ap a Dia le Foraminiferatop ytria s hy ch ete Acantharia ta ho yc 1 P yp m o H ro T 2 Phytomyxealy o MASTS s cis osp A Vampyrellidtin n M A e ero 2 Filoretasc a P 1 3 G e T to BlastocystiS Tremro s OpalinataA a Chlorarachniophytm p id 0 M o a M 1 G ia re MAST Thecofilosea e id P ra ul C tro a c Im G a / 1 is a la erco n a h a n m lis o P ra bricatea cetes x s Bicosoecida rr filo o / 7 y o s o rid le na h 4 o m e m xy p p s MAST 8T / 1 m de O o e o o m m S n a o n o ili a A ro a n a ic C d M Syndiniales h a d Dinoflagellata olpodellida a Perkinsidae p id d ida C C A id a a Labyrinthulom El biaix és a tota la recerca El biaix dels tres grans grups multicel·lulars Espècies eucariotes Protistes descrites 97% of the described eukaryotes are either land plants, fungi or metazoa Plantes Fongs Animals Animals Fongs Plantes Protistes Pawlowski et al.
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