THE TREASURES OF EUREKA

ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE

FROM FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH TO PIONEERING APPLICATIONS & ZAVOISKY AWARD

PU81.1SHING THE TREASURES OF EUREKA Prologue WHAT IS EPR SPECTROSCOPY?

FOREWORD V.L. Ginzburg, Laureate of Nobel Prize in Physics EDITOR'S PREFACE PARTI FOUNDATIONS OF THE ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY E. K. ZAVOISKY - THE PIONEER OF THE EPR SPECTROSCOPY K. Salikhov SHORT BIOGRAPHY OF E.K. ZAVOISKY N. Zavoiskaya EPR SPECTROSCOPY FROM THE BIRD'S EYE VIEW K. Salikhav BASICS OF THE EPR SPECTROSCOPY K. Salikhov EPR phenomenon. Electron spin. The g-tensor. Zero-field splitting and fine structure of EPR spectra. Hyperfine structure of EPR spectra. Spin-spin interaction between two paramagnetic particles. Thermal equilibrium populations of energy levels. Paramagnetic relaxation. Shape of continuous-wave EPR spectra. Time-resolved continuous-wave EPR experiments. Pulse EPR experiments. Free induction decay. Primary electron spin echo. Stimulated electron spin echo. Two-dimensional EPR spectra. Electron-electron double resonance. Indirect EPR detection. Electron-nuclear double resonance. PART II ZAVOISKY AWARD HOLDERS INTERNATIONAL ZAVOISKY AWARD 1991 WILLIAM B. MIMS My Way 1992 BREBIS BLEANEY M. Baker Remembrance Of Brebis Bleaney 1993 ARTHUR SCHWEIGER R. Ernst Remembrance Of Arthur Schweiger 1994 JAMES R. NORRIS Memorable Moments 70 1994 KLAUS MÖBIUS Interview 72 1994 YAKOV S. LEBEDEV A. Doubinsky and O. Poluektov Yakov Sergeevich Lebedev : "Make haste slowly" 74 A. Smirnov My Early EPR Days In Lebedev's Group 1995 JAMES S. HYDE A Half-Century Of EPR Instrumental Development 76 1996 Interview 78 1997 KAMIL A. VALIEV Interview 80 1998 JACK H. FREED National Biomedical Center For Advanced ESR Technology (ACERT) 82 1999 JOAN HENRI VAN DER WAALS What Kindled My Interest In EPR Of Triplet States? 84 2000 HARDEN M. MCCONNELL A Legacy Of EPR Spectroscopy. Consolute Critical Points In Membranes 86 2000 BRUKER ANALYTIK GMBH D. Schmalbein and P. Höfer Bruker Pulse-EPR: 20 Years Of Innovation 88 2001 KEITH A. MCLAUCHLAN P. Hore Scientific Work Of Keith. McLauchlan 90 2002 WOLFGANG LUBITZ Interview 92 2003 WAYNE L. HUBBELL Interview. Studying The Visual System 94 2004 DIETMAR H. A. STEHLIK K. Möbius and L. Wöste Remembrance Of Dietmar Stehlik 96 2004 KEV M. SALIKHOV EPR Simply Happened For Me 98 2005 HAROLD M. SWARTZ Interview 100 2006 JAN SCHMIDT Interview 102 2007 BRIAN M. HOFFMAN Interview. The Role Of EPR Techniques In Metallo- 104 2008 MICHAEL MEHRING Interview 106 PART III PIONEERING APPLICATIONS OF THE EPR SPECTROSCOPY INTRODUCTION 110 DIAMOND - THE INSIDE STORY 112 M. Baker, M.Newton and S. Felton. EPR Studies Reveal Some Truths About Diamond ENERGETICS OF THE FUTURE 114 I Garifullin. EPR Study Of Superconductors QUANTUM MAGNETISM 116 V. Kataev. Magnetic Resonance In Low-Dimensional Quantum Spin Systems IMAGINE "SUPRAMOLECULAR" MATERIALS 118 M. Brustolon and B. Kahr. Colourful World Of Dyeing Crystals SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION 120 С Corvaja and L. Franco. EPR In Fullerene Research MAGNETIC NANODEVICES 122 M. Fedin, V. Ovcharenko and E. Bagryanskaya. EPR Aiding The Development Of Molecule-Based Magnetic Devices NEW LASERS ON DEMAND 124 V. Tarasov and G. Shakurov. EPR Spectroscopy Of Impurity Ions In Dielectric Crystals CREATING BETTER PURIFICATION MATERIALS 126 G. Vishnevskaya and E. Frolova. EPR Of Metal Complexes In Ionites GUEST MOLECULES IN ORGANIC CRYSTALS 128 D. Sloop and T.-S. Lin. Study Of Molecular Motion Of Organic Crystals By Zero-Field EPR Techniques JUMP TO FUTURE 130 K. Salikhov. EPR Is The Key To Quantum Computers On Electron Spins THE FIRST STEP 132 K. Salikhov. Quantum Teleportation - On The Way To Resolution Of Major Quantum Computing Problems MAGIC ATOMIC CAGE 134 K.-P. Dinse. EPR Of Endohedral N@C60 CREATING QUANTUM CHIPS 136 V. Voronkova. EPR Study Of Spin Clusters NEW MEASURE OF NANOSTRUCTURES 138 /. Schmidt and S. Orlinskii. Nanostructures: Physics And Technology NANOTECHNOLOGY ANCESTOR 140 M. Wasielewski. Time Resolved EPR And Molecular Electronics ON THE WAY TO MOLECULAR GADGETS 142 H. Levanon. Time - Resolved EPR of Light Induced Processes WATCHING MOLECULE TRANSFORMATION 144 G. Gescheidt. Organic Radicals And Radical Ions - Key Intermediates In Organic Syntesis, Technology, And Biology BETTER TECHNOLOGIES: FAST, SOLVENT FREE & ACCURATE 146 G. Gescheidt. EPR As A Tool For The Investigation Of Radical Polymerization. Initiation And Dynamics Of The Growing Chain IN WAR AND PEACE 148 Yu. Molin. EPR And Radiation INSIDE DEGRADABLE PLASTICS 150 M. Forbes, V. McCaffrey and E. Harbron. Polymer Photodegradation MEMORY ON A MOLECULAR LEVEL 152 From Mechanically And Photolytically Excited Molecules To Photosynthetic Proteins K. Möbius and A. Savitsky. EPR At High Magnetic Fields On Radical Pairs SHAPE-SHIFTING IN MOLECULAR WORLD 156 M.Vyushkova, V. Bagryansky and Yu. Molin. Pseudorotation Of Free Radical Ions As Studied By Optically Detected EPR THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS ON EARTH 158 G. Feher, W. Lubitz and K. Möbius. EPR And ENDOR Of Primary Reactants In Bacterial CAN QUALITY OF LIFE ON EARTH DEPEND ON BEHAVIOR OF ONE ELECTRON? 160 A. van der Est and D. Stehlik. Transient EPR Of Photosynthetic Electron Transfer Reactions ENERGY TRANSFER 162 M. Di Valentin, G. Agostini, G. Giacometti and D. Carbonera. Photoprotection In Peridinin- Light-Harvesting Proteins Studied By Time-Resolve EPR Spectroscopy MASTERING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 164 /. Messinger, L. Kulik and W. Lubitz. Light-Induced Water-Splitting In Nature: Electronic Structure Of The Cluster In Photosystem II IN SEARCH OF NON-FOSSIL FUELS 166 £. Reijerse, A. Silakov and W. Lubitz. Understanding The Active Site Of [FeFe] : Basis For A Technology EXPLORING MATTER BEYOND X-RAY 168 Yu. Tsvetkov and A. Milov. Distance Measurements In Nanoscale By Pulse Electron Double Resonance Dipolar Spectroscopy LIVE EXPLORATION OF PROTEIN SYSTEMS 170 Yu. Tsvetkov and A. Milov. Aggregates Of Peptide Antibiotics As Studied By Pulse Electron Double Resonance HOW ANTIBIOTICS WORK 172 S. Dzuba. Localization Of Antibiotic Peptides In The Membranes UNCOVERING TRUE PURPOSE OF CHOLESTEROL 174 S. Dzuba. Water Concentration Profile In Biological Membranes LIFE AT SUPER LOW COSMIC TEMPERATURE 176 S. Dzuba. Protein Dynamics At The Nanometer Range Of Distances At Low And Cryogenic Temperatures MEASURING OXYGEN CONTENT 178 H. Swartz, N. Khan, B. Williams, A. Hartford, B. Zaki, M. Ernstoff, J. Buckey, F. Gubaidullin, H. Hou, P. Lesniewski, M. Kmiec, O. Grinberg, A. Sucheta and T. Walczak. Clinical Applications Of In Vivo EPR: EPR Oximetry RAPID DOSIMETRY IN EMERGENCY 180 H. Swartz, G. Burke, M. Coey, E. Demidenko, R. Dong, O. Grinberg, }. Hilton, A. Iwasaki, P. Lesniewski, M. Kmiec, K.-M. Lo, R. Nicolalde, A. Ruuge, Y. Sakata, A. Sucheta, T. Walczak, B. Williams, Ch. Mitchell, A. Romanyukha and D. Schauer. Use Of EPR For Dosimetry After The Potential Exposure Of Large Numbers Of People To Doses Of Radiation That Are Potentially Life Threatening HOW EPR IMAGES CAN HELP CURE CANCER 182 H. Halpern. Oxygen Imaging In Animals MAKING SURE DRUGS DO THE JOB 184 K. Mäder. EPR Monitoring Of Drug Delivery Processes ANTICANCER THERAPY 186 A. Gräslund and N. Voevodskaya. Ribonucleotide Reductase - A Free Radical HOW TO SET BEER DUE DATE 188 D. Barr and A. Kamlowski. Flavor Stability In Beer FOOD QUALITY CONTROL 190 D. Barr, G. Reynhout and J. Guzinski. Quality Control Of Vegetable Oil Using EPR FIGHTING FREE RADICALS 192 A. Stasko. Antioxidants In Wines EFFECTIVE MEASURE OF INDUSTRIAL RADIATION 194 A. Kamlowski, D. С Maier, D. Barr and A. Heiss. EPR Alanine Dosimeter WHO USED FIRE 1,500,000 YEARS AGO? 196 A. Skinner. Dating Archaeological And Geological Materials PART IIII SUBJECT INDEX 201 REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 204 CONTRIBUTORS 208

EPILOGUE 210