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Kingdom of Belgium KINGDOM OF BELGIUM EIGHTH MEETING OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY NATIONAL REPORT August 2019 KINGDOM OF BELGIUM Eighth Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on Nuclear Safety National Report August 2019 This report is produced by the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control on behalf of Belgium. Contributions to the report were also made by “Bel V”, “ENGIE Electrabel”, “Tractebel ENGIE” and “SCK•CEN”. Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 7 I.A. Content of the Present Report ......................................................................................... 7 I.B. History of Nuclear Energy Development in Belgium .......................................................... 8 I.C. Summary of the developments since the last report ....................................................... 11 I.C.1. Changes to the regulatory framework .................................................................... 11 I.C.2. Preparations to support the final shutdown of NPPs and subsequent decommissioning .. ............................................................................................................................ 14 I.C.3. Licensee’s action plans .......................................................................................... 15 I.C.4. Main safety events 2016-2019 ............................................................................... 19 I.C.5. Other developments .............................................................................................. 21 I.C.6. Peer reviews ......................................................................................................... 23 I.C.7. Communication with the Public .............................................................................. 26 I.C.8. R&D Programmes in safety .................................................................................... 28 I.C.9. Major common issues arising from country groups discussions of the 7th review meeting ............................................................................................................................ 30 I.D. Planned measures to improve safety ............................................................................. 31 General Provisions ............................................................................................................... 33 II.A. Article 4. Implementing Measures ................................................................................. 33 II.B. Article 6. Existing Nuclear Installations........................................................................... 34 II.B.1. Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) ................................................................................. 34 II.B.2. Research Reactors ................................................................................................ 36 II.C. Article 7. Legislative and Regulatory Framework ............................................................. 38 II.C.1. Introduction.......................................................................................................... 38 II.C.2. The Law of 15 April 1994....................................................................................... 38 II.C.3. The Royal Decree of 20 July 2001 .......................................................................... 40 II.C.4. The Royal Decree of 30 November 2011 ................................................................. 42 II.C.5. The Royal Decree of 1 March 2018 on Emergency Planning ..................................... 45 II.C.6. The Law of 31 January 2003 on the Phase-out of Nuclear Energy ............................ 46 II.C.7. The Licensing regime for nuclear installations ......................................................... 46 II.C.8. Conclusions regarding the provisions of Article 7 ..................................................... 48 II.D. Article 8. Regulatory Body ............................................................................................ 49 II.D.1. Mandate and Function of the Regulatory Body ........................................................ 49 II.D.2. Enforcement of applicable regulations and of the terms of the licences .................... 51 II.D.3. Structure of the Regulatory Body, Financial and Human Resources .......................... 52 II.D.4. Position of the Regulatory Body in the Governmental Structure ................................ 56 II.D.5. Relations between the Regulatory Body and the Organisations in Charge of Nuclear Energy Promotion and Use .................................................................................................... 57 II.D.6. International relations ........................................................................................... 57 II.D.7. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 59 II.E. Article 9. Responsibility of the Licence Holder ................................................................. 60 II.F. Article 10. Priority to Safety .......................................................................................... 61 II.F.1. NPPs Licensee Safety Policy and Safety Culture ....................................................... 61 II.F.2. Research Reactors ................................................................................................ 66 II.F.3. Regulatory Body ................................................................................................... 66 II.G. Article 11. Financial and Human Resources .................................................................... 68 II.G.1. NPPs .................................................................................................................... 68 II.G.2. Research Reactors ................................................................................................ 71 II.G.3. The Belgian education programme in nuclear engineering ....................................... 72 II.H. Article 12. Human Factors ............................................................................................. 74 II.H.1. NPPs Human Performance Programme ................................................................... 74 II.H.2. Research Reactors ................................................................................................ 76 II.H.3. Safety Culture Observations by the Regulatory Body ............................................... 76 II.I. Article 13. Quality Assurance ......................................................................................... 78 II.I.1. NPPs .................................................................................................................... 78 II.I.2. Research Reactors ................................................................................................ 81 II.I.3. Activities of the Regulatory Body ............................................................................ 81 II.J. Article 14. Assessment and Verification of Safety ............................................................ 82 II.J.1. NPPs .................................................................................................................... 82 II.J.2. Research Reactors ................................................................................................ 85 II.K. Article 15. Radiation Protection ..................................................................................... 87 II.K.1. Design .................................................................................................................. 87 II.K.2. NPP Operation ...................................................................................................... 87 II.K.3. Research reactors ................................................................................................. 92 II.K.4. Regulatory activities .............................................................................................. 94 II.L. Article 16. Emergency Preparedness .............................................................................. 95 II.L.1. Legal and Regulatory Framework ........................................................................... 95 II.L.2. Implementation of Emergency Organisation in the Event of an Emergency ............... 95 II.L.3. SCK•CEN (research reactors) ............................................................................... 102 II.L.4. Information of the Public ..................................................................................... 103 II.M. Article 17. Siting ......................................................................................................... 104 II.M.1. NPPs .................................................................................................................. 104 II.M.2. SCK•CEN (research reactors) ............................................................................... 107 II.M.3. International Agreements .................................................................................... 107 II.N. Article 18. Design and Construction ............................................................................. 109 II.N.1. NPPs .................................................................................................................. 109 II.N.2. Research Reactors .............................................................................................
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