Driving Mobility Messe Frankfurt

Events DRIVING MOBILITY MESSE FRANKFURT

NEW MOBILITY IS… A PEOPLE’S BUSINESS As a result of the networking of previously diverse Technology is often called a driver of sectors, new concepts and business change, but it’s actually creative thinkers that models are being created at breathtaking speed. make the difference. Who are the world’s DRIVING MOBILITY Which ones will prove successful? most exciting visionaries? Events OVERVIEW OVERVIEW 52 Green metropolis Copenhagen aims to become the world’s first climate-neutral capital city by 2025

INTRODUCTION 6 People: The SXSW conference in Austin (USA)

CONNECTIVITY 8 All together now: How sectors network 14 Moovel: From automaker to mobility services provider 16 A city without traffic lights: WILDFOX RUNNING / Digitalization and urban habitats 20 My car understands me — or not: The digital transformation is dramatically changing the world of mobility. Expert Charlie Ortiz on voice control of vehicles Connected vehicles and the ultimate goal of autonomous driving are having a 22 “Flirting is merely a side effect”: massive impact on the automotive industry. In order to create a platform on Dr. Axel Glanz’s Innovation Institute which disruptive changes such as these can be discussed, Messe Frankfurt is

Felix Kästle, Illustration: Carolin Eitel Felix MONITORING & TRANSPARENCY expanding its trade fair portfolio in the Automotive and Transport & Logistics / 24 Damage report: How predictive 34 areas — which consists of more than 30 events staged all over the world — with maintenance is changing the Study How end users regard digital the launch of Hypermotion. This new specialist trade fair has been conceived as aftermarket mobility a forum for the digital transformation in the area of transportation. It addresses DATA ANALYTICS & SECURITY market participants from the automotive industry as well as the traffic, 28 “Improving processes with data”: HYPERMODALITY Big data for mobility logistics, mobility, infrastructure, transportation and IT sectors. The traditional 36 Far more than just waterways: 13 30 From hacker to security consult- Hamburg Harbour boundaries between these markets have grown increasingly porous, not least Chief Digital ant: Chris Valasek and his Officer How legendary Jeep hack SUSTAINABILITY since IT companies such as Apple and Google have pushed their way onto the Mamatha Chamarthi at ZF is driving 34 What’s in it for me? Digital 38 Electrotherapy: mobility market. Cross-sector connectivity is one of the key themes of the transformation mobility as seen by consumers In China e-cars are mandatory Carlo Ratti Associati, Rasmus Hjortshøj – Coast Studio, ZF Carlo Ratti Associati, Rasmus Hjortshøj – Coast Studio, this magazine, which is being published as an accompaniment and a lead-up to / 44 “The car of the future will be more like a minibus”: Hypermotion. Here you can find all the topics related to Hypermotion, sorted Digitalization expert Christoph Bornschein according to the categories that will also structure the trade fair. I wish 46 The 10 billion dollar market: VISUM, Lars Krüger you pleasant reading, and I look forward to welcoming you to Hypermotion in / Batteries for e-mobility

Frankfurt from 20 to 22 November 2017! SYNCHRONIZED LOGISTICS 48 Interview: How robots go the last mile

SMART REGIONS 16 Urban planner and 52 Switching: Copenhagen MIT researcher Carlo becomes a green metropolis Ratti talks about DETLEF BRAUN, future cities President and CEO of Messe Frankfurt GmbH 36 OUTRO Almost 9 million standard containers were 58 Five questions for… transshipped in Hamburg Harbour in 2015 Dr Matthias Schubert, TÜV

Raetzke Thies Istockphoto; Photos: Messe Frankfurt, Cover: Rheinland

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DIGITALIZATION FOR NEWMOBILITY HYPERMOTION Systems) andinter-modality. on thethemesofdigitalization, ITS(IntelligentTransport staging aspecialisttradefair withaccompanyingcongresses effects ontheeconomyand society, MesseFrankfurt is developing. Inordertoillustratethesechanges andtheir integrated andmultimodalsystemssolutionsare traffic andtransportationaredissolving.New, networked, the boundariesbetween logistics,mobility, infrastructure, mation. Driven bydigitalizationanddecarbonization, Our transportsystemisonthebrinkofaradicaltransfor A NEWTRADEFAIR MEGATREND CONNECTIVITY TRANSPARENCY MONITORING & DRIVING MOBILITY OVERVIEW EVENTS - 4 SUSTAINABILITY

Illustration: Messe Frankfurt HYPERMODALITY SMART REGIONS SECURITY DATA ANALYTICS & LOGISTICS SYNCHRONIZED DRIVING MOBILITY EVENTS 5 DECARBONIZATION MEGATREND BER 2017INFRANKFURT FROM 20TO 22NOVEM HYPERMOTION 150 countries and hassalespartnersinmorethan Mobility &Logisticsevents worldwide MESSE FRANKFURT stagesabout30 general public and pupils,interestedmembersofthe research anddevelopment, students services, ITcompanies,politics, VISITORS: Expertsfromtransport research institutes,startups authorities, municipalities,universities, software andelectriccompanies;local ers andsuppliers;infrastructure, EXHIBITORS: Automobile manufactur and intelligenttransport systems transformation inlogistics,mobility The leadingtrade fair for thedigital HYPERMOTION

OVERVIEW OVERVIEW

A new world: Many The Austin exhibition booths showed Convention Mission to Mars virtual reality applications Center is the NASA’S manned space travel activities main venue of are also a topic at SXSW SXSW

Mobile in outer space: A mere Scientist DANNY SHAPIRO 200 miles from NASA headquar- Jessica Meir has been a Super-fast microchips are ters in Houston, the astronaut NASA making Nvidia a sought-after Jessica Meir appeared together astronaut partner for the automotive with system managers and since 2013 industry. With these chips, engineers from the National Senior Director Automotive Aeronautics and Space Agency to Danny Shapiro and his team talk about the current status of are making highly sophisticat- Project Orion, which will facilitate ed applications for autono- the exploration of the Red Planet. mous driving possible. === DIGITALIZATION IS The talk informed the audience www.nvidia.com LOOKING FORWARD TRANSFORMING OUR about the strain of multi-year The automotive sector is discovering the LIVES AND ENTIRE space travel and how astronauts SOUTH BY SOUTHWEST (SXSW) digital conference and can prepare themselves for it. The ======festivals, which present a diverse and revolutionary future INDUSTRIES speakers talked not only about the crew’s mental and physical strain but also about their nutrition, the Digitalization is changing every ital sector. Twitter and other dergoing its biggest transformation the importance of precise maps mission’s logistics and the techno- thing: For 30 years, musicians, companies started off here, and since its invention. The sale and ex- for future mobility solutions. Bill logical challenges. filmmakers and other creatives former US President Barack Obama clusive ownership of cars is being Ford talked about the future of ARWED NIESTROJ have been meeting at the South spoke here last year to the world’s replaced by a range of individual- the automobile and positioned Shared mobility with the by Southwest conference and fes- creative community. ized mobility services. Fleets of con- his company in the competitive FACTS help of digitalization and tivals in Austin, Texas. In recent This year the ubiquitous digital- nected, intelligent, autonomous market for creative ideas. connectivity — Mercedes- years, they have been joined by ization and networking of socie- vehicles are enabling new business Speakers and visitors agreed SXSW Benz considers this an more and more inven- ty also brought the automo- models. Automakers have to get that autonomous vehicles are increasingly important field tors, developers and en- tive industry to Texas. The ready to face competition from only a matter of time. Many opti- Music South by of business as well. Arwed Niestroj heads the automak- trepreneurs from the dig- sector is currently un- global digital enterprises such as mists hope such vehicles will Southwest kicked off er’s development centre in Google and Apple and from cheeky make cities more livable by re- Analogue in 1987 as a music Silicon Valley, where he startups such as Uber. One of the ducing traffic and increasing maps are now festival. Austin, Ameri- Despite the spread researches new technologies speakers at this year’s event was green areas — Austin is exempla- only good for ca’s music capital, is of digital devices, a laugh for the mobility of the future. analogue toys still Daimler CEO Dieter Zetsche, who ry in this respect. home to hundreds of www.daimler.com grab people’s attention told the young audience about stages and clubs.

Conference The visitor figures are Frankfurt meets Austin increasing at a Messe Frankfurt also attended the future-oriented conference in Texas, where it staged talks double-digit rate each by pioneering thinkers and creative minds under the motto CONNECTED MOBILITY year. In 2017 more Coming to Texas to learn than 2,000 speakers A changing event: SXSW is valuable insights into the The world’s oldest automaker is searching for new held presentations and an inspiring mixture of music development of artificial intelli- interactive workshops. GORDON DAUGHERTY IDEAS AND INSPIRATION for its future festivals, presentations, exhibitions gence, the sharing economy and Pioneering digital thinkers and a conference. It was the autonomous driving. These topics ARTIFICIAL Not to be missed: For his of precise maps, such as those of Future-oriented top- and a successful startup setting for Messe Frankfurt’s own also greatly influence Frankfurt- INTELLIGENCE presentation, Daimler CEO Dieter the map provider Here, which was ics The range of topics scene are part of Austin’s series of presentations, which based trade shows such as the Many visitors were Zetsche wore cowboy boots made recently acquired by Daimler, Audi increases every year. economy. Gordon Daugherty fascinated and awed by the was attended by Detlef Braun, global Automechanika and the from ostrich leather — to the and BMW. The networked maps In addition to music manages the Capital Factory, presentations concerning Executive Board Member of new fair Hypermotion, which will delight of the young audience in are updated in real time to make and film, SXSW now a startup accelerator that the rapid progress of Messe Frankfurt. In line with the be launched in November. Austin. Zetsche talked about ideas applications such as autonomous addresses new media, offers entrepreneurs compre- artificial intelligence. Such hensive support. At SXSW, he motto “Connected Mobility,” technology is indispensable and partnerships for a more and driving possible. “We are here to Web development, presented some promising well-known speakers talked about more rapidly changing world. learn and to show how our com- marketing and design. Detlef Braun, Member of the for autonomously driving newcomers on the app scene. the key mobility trends of the Executive Board of Messe Frankfurt, vehicles. He said that the basis for new pany is changing,” said Zetsche The auto industry has

www.capitalfactory.com future, providing listeners with welcomes guests to the Mobility Talk Morris/Bloomberg, NASA (2), Paul LP/2017 Diego Donamaria (3), David Mosenfelder/2017 Bloomberg Finance Photos: ddp images, Getty Images/2017 Tim PR (2), Shutterstock Photography, Taylor Image by Dan Taylor/Dan James Blair/NASA, Daimler AG, mobility services is the availability in conclusion. also begun to attend.

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WELL Photos: Getty Images; Illustrations: Carolin Eitel CONNECTED The mobility service provider Uber has acquired the startup Otto, which develops technologies for autonomously driving lorries. BMW and Sixt are working together on the DriveNow car-sharing service. And ZF is cooperating with Nvidia. The digitalization of mobility and logistics is creating new NETWORKS that are overcoming the traditional boundaries between sectors

TEXT: THOMAS FROMM

ot so long ago, automobile managers preferred to be an exclusive club. NWhen they met at motor shows in De- troit, Frankfurt or Geneva, they talked about engines and horsepower, used short rulers to measure seams and discussed their most recent sports car races. They remained rivals, of course, and would have never done anything for each other without expecting something in return. But they nevertheless considered themselves a select community that met for red wine and cigars in Geneva in order to John Krafcik, the greet one another and hold pleasant talks. CEO of Google’s Things have changed since then, however. automotive Although these managers still talk mainly subsidiary Waymo, presents the new about cars, they no longer mingle with just Chrysler Pacifica, their own kind. The reason for this is that cars which contains aren’t just a means of transportation any more Google technology than more. Instead, vehicles are being transformed any other into mobile devices, computers on wheels, in- automobile fotainment centres, autonomously driving robots and mobile IT centres. This development is causing quite a stir in the sector. This was clearly demonstrated in Munich on a Sunday in mid-January. The snow was piled up high outside when three men who had

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“We need to work together“: Klaus Fröhlich, PARTNERS IN BMW Board of Management member with responsibility for CONNECTIVITY Development Automakers are cooperating with Internet companies, suppliers else they encounter. This ability is referred to with microchip producers — a snap- as “environment recognition” in the context shot of a sector that announces of autonomous vehicles. The reason why au- new partnerships and networks on tomakers form such alliances is easy to un- a daily basis derstand, because the fusion of automobiles and IT requires companies to cooperate more closely. “We urgently need a collective approach and an open platform for the development of autonomous driving,” says Fröhlich. “If everyone did this on their own, the indus- previously had little reason to speak to one another came on stage at the try would waste billions of euros.” Digital Life Design (DLD) conference. They were the BMW Board of Manage- Shared platforms and joint measures were ment member with responsibility for Development Klaus Fröhlich, Intel CEO already being used last year when Audi, BMW Brian Krzanich and Amnon Shashua, founder of the Israeli camera specialist and Daimler spent almost €3 billion to pur- Mobileye. Fröhlich, who was the only car guy among them, said that “nobody chase Nokia’s digital map service Here. Al- is as clever as everyone else together.” Although this statement sounds hum- though these three big rivals on the premium ble, it is actually very sensible, because the cars of the future will require auto- market have been trying to differentiate makers to cooperate with a wide variety of partners and obtain know-how themselves from one another for decades, from all sides. BMW (“driving pleasure”), Audi (“Vorsprung Apple and Google use To make this possible, companies are currently forming partner- durch Technik”) and Daimler (“The best or their platforms CarPlay ships that would have been unthinkable in the past. Waymo, a subsidi- nothing”) are now sharing digital maps, with- and Android Auto to offer ary of the Google parent company Alphabet, is responsible for the out which autonomously driving vehicles all automakers programs Group’s autonomous driving activities and is now working together couldn’t navigate. This already shows that that can connect with Fiat Chrysler to develop autonomously driving cars. Together, the drastic action must sometimes be taken be- smartphones and automobiles artificial intelligence partners are currently converting an initial fleet of minivans into auton- cause automakers are unwilling to leave some Audi, BMW and Daimler platform for vehicles. The omously driving vehicles. The tasks are divided as follows: While Google things in the new automotive world to Google have partnered with the BMW is working together chip manufacturer is also supplies the sensors and computer software, the people at Chrysler or Apple. That’s because their top priority is telecommunications with the IT company Intel working together with VW make sure their cars can incorporate the new components. However, to maintain their decades-long dominance of equipment suppliers and the Israeli camera on a technology that can specialist Mobileye to some automobile managers are sceptical about such developments. the automotive sector. If possible, traditional Ericsson, Huawei and of charging stations for Chrysler. The Internet recognize and understand Nokia as well as with develop autonomously electric cars giant has spun off its drivers’ behaviour. Lastly, it Why should there be a major partnership with Google, of all things? Yet automakers prefer to work together with oth- the microchip producers driving cars. In the second Daimler is working activities for the is cooperating with Audi to it can’t be denied that such a collaboration is in tune with the times. er traditional automakers rather than with Intel and Qualcomm to half of 2017, the partners together with Uber so that development of develop a software co-driver new players from Silicon Valley. create the 5G Automotive plan to put 40 test vehicles the ride-summoning autonomously driving that assists drivers WHEN THE ONLY VALID RULE IS THAT ANYTHING GOES But things don’t always work out that way, Association for the on the road. Series company can use automobiles into the Tesla has purchased production of these cars is Nvidia, a developer of computer chips and graphics processing units because this transformation is doing more expansion of the 5G mobile autonomous vehicles from subsidiary Waymo, which the German machine communications standard scheduled to begin in 2021 Daimler in future. Daimler is using its robotic manufacturer Grohman that was until recently mainly known for its expertise in computer than just costing the automotive industry bil- Audi, BMW and Daimler BMW and Sixt are jointly has also become involved systems to convert 100 Engineering, which games, is now a partner of Audi and ZF Friedrichshafen. What’s more, lions. When Fröhlich says that his company bought the interactive operating the car-sharing in Starship Technologies, a Chrysler Pacificas into specializes in automated ZF, which used to supply very analogue products, is now collaborating can’t do everything on its own, he also means map service Here for service DriveNow developer of delivery autonomous automobiles. manufacturing techniques. with the ride-sharing service BlaBlaCar. Meanwhile, the Korean com- that BMW isn’t an IT startup from Silicon Val- around €3 billion BMW and Daimler robots The next Google partner is The aim is to help Tesla are rumoured to be said to be Honda pany Hyundai is now being interconnected by the IT systems supplier ley, no matter how many managers swap Google is cooperating expand production thinking of cooperating with the automaker Fiat Hyundai will have its ZF now also offers Cisco. If the sector abides by any rule nowadays, it’s “anything goes”. their ties for hoodies. Moreover, computer through their car-sharing cars networked in future mobility services and is BMW, Intel and Mobileye are three very different companies that chips, sensors and smart cameras aren’t part services car2go and by the U.S. IT equipment working together with exemplify a development that is currently sweeping through the sec- of BMW’s core business. But traffic will grind DriveNow supplier Cisco BlaBlaCar for its mobility tor. BMW plans to put autonomously driving cars on the road in 2021 to halt without these systems in the future. BMW, Daimler, Ford Microsoft is collaborat- app uflip and VW want to jointly ing with Renault-Nissan and introduce its first autonomous test vehicles in the second half of create a Europe-wide in order to interconnect 2017. To do that, the automaker needs the expertise of IT companies. network of thousands the latter’s automobiles Intel produces the computer chips and Mobileye supplies the technol- Nvidia has teamed up

ogy that enables cars to see traffic, roads, pedestrians and everything Photos: BMW Group; illustrations: Carolin Eitel/WILDFOX RUNNING with ZF to develop an

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It took quite a while for the top managers of automotive compa- === THE QUESTION IS NOT ZF is a successful automotive supplier that specializes in mechan- nies to realize that simply focusing on engines, horsepower and WHETHER PLATFORMS WILL A BREATH OF ical components. Are you worried that your company’s expertise torque wouldn’t be enough in the long run. Today’s generation of BE INTRODUCED, BUT in its core business will no longer suffice in the future? smartphone users wants to have connected vehicles and is less inter- FRESH AIR FROM ZF has a long history of manufacturing mechanical components. How- ested in owning cars that accelerate swiftly when the traffic light turns WHO WILL CONTROL THEM ever, in an age of digital transformation we have to intelligently link green. Many people, especially young urbanites, don’t want to have IN FUTURE. ===== VARIOUS SIDES mechanical systems with one another. We want cars to be able to see, their own car and prefer to rent or share one. In the past, freedom think and act. Sensors such as cameras, radars and LIDAR systems meant owning a car. Today, many people feel freer if they don’t have Mamatha Chamarthi, CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER of must be able to “see” their surroundings. The electronics system one. BMW and Daimler recognized this trend early on, so Daimler ZF Friedrichshafen AG, talks about the challenges that serves as the brain that “thinks” by evaluating all of the signals and founded the car-sharing firm car2go and BMW introduced its Drive- a supplier faces and about her tasks at ZF then causes the car to “act”. In view of our strategy and our product Now service in cooperation with the car hire company Sixt. Some time portfolio for interconnected mobility, I’m convinced that we have what ago, it was even rumoured that the two automakers might merge their it takes to deal with these changes. car-sharing activities. Although they have denied this to date, can any thing be ruled out in this age of radical transformation? ers should one day end up being only respon- You have become the driving force of your company’s digital sible for the vehicle bodies — the shell, as it transformation. What opportunities does it open up? TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES were, for Google’s and Apple’s flourishing ZF has traditionally been a tier-one supplier of drive and chassis sys- A lot of money and know-how will be needed in future, which is why data business? tems as well as of active and passive safety technology. The digital John Krafcik, the CEO of Google’s automotive subsidiary Waymo, likes to Experts are already forecasting that in the transformation has turned us into a supplier of intelligently networked point out at every opportunity that the aim is to create a “safe technol- future the really lucrative business will be mechanical systems. In future, our OEM customers might be new ogy platform” for autonomously driving cars. Fröhlich from BMW also done after a vehicle has been sold. Companies market players such as Google and Uber. They are companies that likes to talk about platforms. In the automotive industry, these plat- will make money from the data that a vehicle operate digital platforms, but do not have any mechanical expertise of forms are viewed as the basis of a development that nobody can yet pre- produces. That’s why everyone wants access to their own. dict. The question is no longer whether there will be such technology, this data: Intel, Google, Apple and Microsoft — business and human resources platforms in the future, but rather who and the automakers as well, of course. In addi- Which areas do you focus on in your newly created position as will control them. It’s already clear that automakers have accepted this tion to producing cars, automakers are looking Chief Digital Officer of ZF? challenge and are taking the offensive. They are cooperating with IT for completely new ways in which to make My main task is to promote our digitalization strategy and the use of companies to prevent other IT firms from expanding into their fields of money. They are searching for new areas of digital technologies at ZF. We are doing this to change the business business. business that range from car-sharing and models and to offer new sources of income as well as value-creating That’s what the three-way cooperation between BMW, Intel and parking services to taxi apps and infotainment opportunities. Because the value chains in the automotive and industri- Mobileye seems to be: an alliance against Google. In this situation, the providers. The car companies are thus intrud- al sectors are becoming increasingly disruptive, ZF has to tackle this proper defensive strategy is to create platforms that enable the auto- ing into the domain of the IT firms, causing development head-on. We have to focus on digitalization in all of our makers to beat intruders at their own game. That’s because the manu- people to ask them unusual questions. At the areas of business. The CDO organization has to exploit its internal and facturers’ worst-case scenario would be if they relied unconditionally DLD conference in Munich, for example, the external partnerships with tech companies, startups and academies. on the IT companies. What would happen if there are serious mishaps U.S. journalist and media expert Jeff Jarvis or accidents just because the IT doesn’t work properly? Although such asked whether BMW would now become a me- Many partnerships between traditional companies and startups a development might not affect the broadly based IT giants very dia company. “No,” answered Fröhlich, BMW were announced in recent months. Is the breath of fresh digital air much, it would ruin the automakers’ good reputation that has been would become a provider of mobility services, coming from outside? built up over several decades. And what would happen if the automak- not a media store. The fact that people can use It’s both internal and external. Within ZF, our research & development WILDFOX RUNNING Amazon Prime in their cars doesn’t mean that / units are cooperating closely with the IT departments and have to- BMW will also produce the associated content. gether created a number of digital labs. However, we also look at That’s because BMW is still an automaker what’s happening outside ZF. Last year we founded our venture capi- and doesn’t intend to become anything else. tal subsidiary Zukunft Ventures in order to purchase a stake in compa- These days, automobile managers often ex- nies that are active in areas of technology that are relevant to ZF. press a view that is meant to exude self- con- MAMATHA Moreover, we are forming partnerships with other companies. At CES CHAMARTHI was fidence. They say it’s easier to install software born in India. She 2017, we announced a partnership with Nvidia that will provide cars into a car than to build the car itself, and that later moved to the with artificial intelligence. Felix Kästle; illustrations: Carolin Eitel Felix the Silicon Valley companies would be hard / USA, where she started to work as pressed to build good cars themselves. The areas of responsibility between manufacturers, tier-one sup- a programmer at DaimlerChrysler. pliers and providers of mobile services are being reshaped. Is this In 2014 she was put new diversity a threat for companies such as ZF? Getty Images, ZF / in charge of IT at We think that tomorrow’s interconnected mobility will require intelli- TRW Automotive gent mechanical systems. This means that we have to be strongly net- ACTIVE: Uber CEO Travis and in 2016 she was worked with cars and their surroundings. As a result, we have a very Kalanick has purchased a stake appointed Chief in a logistics startup and is Digital Officer of ZF. good starting position here and are working hard on future solutions

cooperating with Daimler Photos: Bloomberg that will enable automobiles to see, think and act.

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moovel North America recently moved its THE BEST 110 employees to elegant new offices in Portland OF BOTH WORLDS Daimler has realized that young people put a higher priority on vehicle Daimler’s moovel is creating an operating access than on vehicle ownership. They feel freer if they no longer have to system for urban mobility that connects think about finding a parking place, but can instead use a network that local public transportation with the sharing includes public transportation systems, car2go and other services. Daim- ler has to address such needs. But will we still sell cars? We certainly will. economy. But how do a traditional And will we sell self-driving vehicles? You bet. However, we believe it automaker and a startup culture fit would make more sense if customers had the flexibility to either privately together? To find out, Hypermotion talked own a vehicle or rent one from a fleet – or both. with NAT PARKER, the CEO of moovel North America How does moovel handle the data that users generate — for example, their travel profiles? We know that data privacy is an especially sensitive issue in the EU, so we TEXT: MICHAEL HOPP strictly comply with data protection regulations. Unless we have permis- sion, we never use customer data in a way that would allow specific indi- viduals to be identified. However, we have to aggregate data in order to understand how cities work. We want to find out when and where people are interested in using different means of transportation. Moreover, we have to know how we can offer alternative transportation if a train is de- === “YOU NEED BIG DATA layed or a bus is cancelled. You need this kind of big data if you want to IF YOU WANT TO make city traffic more intelligent. MAKE CITY TRAFFIC MORE INTELLIGENT” ======How does your current position at Daimler differ from your former Nat Parker, moovel North America job as the CEO of the startup GlobeSherpa? You can be flexible and agile with startups. However, Daimler provides me with resources and expertise as well as the power of a globally recognized How dynamic is the German market when brand. Although I may not be able to move as quickly as in the past, I can it comes to the development of intelligent now achieve more. Daimler has recognized that it needs companies such mobility? as moovel in order to adapt its business models to a changed world. That’s There is as much local public transportation in why we should continue to behave as if we were a startup. As a result, I Germany as in the entire United States, which is benefit from the best of both worlds. a much bigger country and where the cities are NAT PARKER founded the startup very focused on automobiles. The USA pays a Only mobility app wolrdwide where How does moovel benefit Daimler? GlobeSherpa in 2012. What do you especially like about working for a company that focus- high price for this, because we don’t have the you can search, book and pay for PARKER: We’re helping Daimler make urban mobility more effective and The company es on mobility and the sharing economy? pedestrian routes, cobblestone streets and beer various mobility options, including developed an app comfortable. Our efforts focus on local public transportation, which will It gives me the chance to change the world — and I mean that quite seri- gardens that you find in German cities. This public transit for transportation continue to play a crucial role for the quality of urban infrastructures. But and parking space ously. There are very few sectors that have as much influence on our qual- shows that we can learn a lot from Germany. we also want to link it with other transportation services, such as car shar- management. When ity of life as the transportation industry. Transportation links everything in However, the automaker culture will continue to ing and rental bicycles. That’s why we are complementing the data from moovel Group our society and in our cities together — our schools, our jobs, our families be important in Germany as well. acquired GlobeSher- transportation systems such as buses and subways and linking it with and our entertainment. If you work on this topic, you can make people’s pa, Parker became data from sharing systems. Our core product in the USA is the payment CEO of moovel lives more enjoyable. I obviously want to make the world a better place, so Is it true that you don’t drive a Mercedes but platform moovel transit. It enables users to plan trips and immediately pay North America it’s the opportunity of a lifetime that the people who invented the automo- an old Subaru? for them with their smartphones. The focus in Germany is on inquiries bile are helping me do this. That’s why I’m very happy that I belong to the (laughs) That’s one of the few points of conflict I about various travel connections, but the ultimate aim here will be to link Daimler family. have with my bosses. However, I’m fascinated by search and booking functions as well. the new generation of electric vehicles that Daim- ler is currently working on. I am very excited about If you are successful, moovel will reduce the demand for cars. So their all-electric, emission-free cars. These types

why should Daimler be interested in it? Photos: moovel of cars will get me to part with my old Subaru.

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In the autonomous traffic of the future, cars will be assigned time slots according to the direction in CITIES WITHOUT LIGHTS which they are travelling. This will Traffic lights, bridges and car parks are increasingly being equipped with result in a constant sensors that can communicate with automobiles. By 2020 there may flow of traffic without traffic lights be a quarter of a billion connected cars all over the world. What does this mean for our cities? Will people have to adapt themselves to traffic even more? Or will they get some of their LIVING SPACE back?

TEXT: CHRIS ELSTER

oday it’s still difficult to imagine a city without any traffic lights. Technical progress These visual conductors have been choreographing traffic can make the city of tomorrow more flows for over a century. But Carlo Ratti is convinced that this T environmentally will not be the case for much longer. Ratti, an Italian architect, urban friendly and relaxing planner and designer, is investigating how digitalization will revolu- for human beings, tionize traffic and how cities can benefit from this development. according to Carlo Ratti He assumes that in the near future traffic lights will be controlled by approaching cars, bicycles and pedestrians — rather than the other way round. As a rule, traffic-light cycles are still based on average traffic movements, such as rush-hour patterns. But traffic is far too complex to be effectively controlled from one central point. That’s why in future cars and other road users will send real-time data to traffic lights and thus influence their behaviour. This will make it possible to cut waiting times by up to 40 per cent, lower emissions and increase traffic flow. That will have positive effects on a city’s entire traffic network. Together with his colleagues at the Senseable City Lab at Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Ratti has developed a smart intersection. His “gap-based” system, which is called Light Traffic, ph.Andrea Pugiotto; illustration: Carlo Ratti Associati / aims to make traffic lights unnecessary at some point in the future. In this system, autonomously driving cars optimally harmonize their speeds as they pass through nodal points, and they automatically merge into the flow of traffic at intersections. In this way the number of vehicles that pass through an intersection can be doubled. To reach this aim, the cars don’t have to drive faster; instead, they in effect surf

Photos: Style magazine RCS Photos: Style on a permanent “green wave” created by phased traffic lights.

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ingly taking over our living space and becoming the Internet of Things. It “CITIES WILL connects the physical level with the data level and makes possible the creation of cyber-physical systems. As a result, many aspects of urban life BECOME MORE will change rapidly: the way we manage energy and waste, traffic guid- ance, water distribution, urban planning and citizen participation.

PEOPLE-FRIENDLY” Starting in the 1960s, cities were optimized for vehicle traffic. The Comprehensive car sharing could result was multi-lane traffic arteries that cut the cities apart. How can the adjustments to digital technologies be carried out in such a even improve human interaction in way that people don’t have to suffer? cities, according to the urban planner I’m convinced that the new technologies are making our cities more peo- and MIT researcher CARLO RATTI ple-friendly — for example, through increased sharing. Let’s take the car as an example. Today cars are not used for up to 95 per cent of the time. That makes them ideal candidates for the sharing economy. According to utomating road traffic will also estimates, every shared car could replace between ten and 30 privately change urban planning. How fast can owned cars. “Your” car will take you to work in the morning, but after that A your ideas be translated into reality? it won’t sit around unused. Instead, it will transport somebody from your Something like “Light Traffic” will only be possi- family — or someone else. The spread of autonomously driving cars will ble as soon as all vehicles drive autonomously or cause the effect of car sharing to grow exponentially. ph.Andrea Pugiotto; illustration: Carlo Ratti Associati / are equipped with a variant of onboard intelligence. Only after autonomously driving traffic What would be the social and environmental consequences of in- has become the norm can traditional traffic creased car sharing? lights be replaced. That would result in shorter Some current studies at MIT show that the present mobility needs of a city lines of cars and fewer delays. Our concept as- like Singapore — where we may see the world’s first publicly accessible sumes the existence of sensor-equipped vehi- fleet of autonomous cars — could be met by a fraction of the cars that are

Photos: Style magazine RCS Photos: Style cles that communicate with one another and currently in operation. The reduction of the number of cars would dramat- maintain safe distances between them. That ically lower the cost of setting up and maintaining the traffic infrastruc- CARLO RATTI works as an would also reduce the emission of the pollutants ture. There would be shorter travel times, fewer traffic jams, less room architect and and greenhouse gases that are released when wasted on parking spaces — and there would be more sharing and more engineer in Italy vehicles accelerate and brake. human interaction in our cities. and teaches at But for Ratti the disappearance of the traf- Massachusetts fic light is only a metaphor for much more Institute of Your research laboratory at MIT is called the fundamental changes in urban areas. In his Technology (MIT), human beings would be a disruptive factor in a city that is algorithmi- “Senseable CityLab”. What changes will cit- city of the future, autonomously driving cars where he is the cally clocked and inhabited by robots. People don’t stick to their pre- ies undergo in the future? director of the The fact that visions of smart cities — or “sense- don’t park themselves in front of the owner’s research laboratory determined programs; they act spontaneously and make mistakes. home or office when they are not needed. Senseable City Lab. Streets cannot be shared by autonomously driving cars and tradition- able cities”, as we prefer to call them — are aris- During these times, they transport other pas- He is a member of al traffic. Because robot vehicles always react defensively to human ing in the midst of the rapid urbanization we’re sengers or drive autonomously to outer dis- the Global Agenda road users’ mistakes and lack of attention, the results would not be a seeing today is the result of a more comprehen- Council for Urban sive technological trend. The Internet is increas- tricts in order to park there. Delivery robots Management of the smooth flow of traffic but rather complete gridlock, Dromi explains in and drones bring packages to their destina- World Economic an interview with the newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. This tions and reduce congestion on the streets. Forum is why autonomously driving traffic would have to be preceded by This way the number of vehicles can be re- massive infrastructure projects. duced by up to 80 per cent. Streets and car To enable autonomously driving cars, delivery robots and drones parks, which today occupy up to a third of the to operate, cities must be made robot-friendly — in the same way that surface area of cities, will be replaced by resi- cities were optimized for automotive traffic in the 1960s and 1970s. We ==== “AFTER AUTONOMOUSLY dential space, cycle paths, pedestrian zones are still suffering from the effects of that development today, with mul- DRIVING TRAFFIC HAS BECOME THE and green areas. ti-lane traffic arteries bisecting residential areas and cars polluting the NORM, TRADITIONAL TRAFFIC Beautiful utopias like this one are certain- environment. The planners of tomorrow’s city have a challenging mis- LIGHTS CAN BE REPLACED” ======ly not shared by all researchers. Aric Dromi, sion. They have to create control systems and operational space for the the head futurologist at Volvo, believes that new technologies, because otherwise the future they envision will not Carlo Ratti, Massachusetts Institute of Technology be possible. However, they have to shape the transformation in such a way that human beings do not become a disruptive factor in the city, but instead will benefit from the new technologies.

18 EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY CONNECTIVITY

YESTERDAY –– DRIVER: Activate voice rec- MY CAR UNDERSTANDS ognition, enter navigation destination. ME — OR NOT CAR: Which part of the address do you wish Talking with a voice-controlled assistant just as we would talk with a real person is still a vision of the future. But CHARLIE ORTIZ, Director of the to enter? DRIVER: City. CAR: Please enter a AI & Reasoning Group at the Nuance laboratory for language technology and artificial intelligence in Sunnyvale, California, wants to change that name. DRIVER: Frankfurt. CAR: Did you TEXT: HEINZ-JÜRGEN KÖHLER, MICHAEL SEITZ mean Frankfurt am Main? DRIVER: Yes.

ands on the steering wheel, eyes on guage assistant Siri and provides voice con- CAR: Please enter a street name. DRIVER: the road — drivers who use voice control systems for automakers such as Ford, Htrol stay safely in control of their cars. Hyundai, and Chrysler. Ortiz points out that Ludwig-Erhard-Anlage. CAR: Please enter “However, so far there hasn’t been a virtual various requirements have to be fulfilled in personal assistant who knows my preferenc- order to have comfortable communication es and can give me appropriate recommenda- inside a car. “First of all, the vehicle must have a house number or name the intersection. tions, for example with regard to parking access to as many different external sources spots, restaurants or similar destinations,” of data as possible,” he says. The primary one IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF explained Charlie Ortiz at the Connected Mo- is of course the Internet. The driver’s appoint- ALAN TURING DRIVER: Numeral 1. CAR: House number 1? bility Roadshow in Austin, Texas (USA). ment calendar is helpful, because it makes it Can a computer think in the same way Ortiz is the Director of the Artificial Intel- possible to guide the driver to his or her next as a human being? To find the answer, DRIVER: Yes. CAR: Start navigation? DRIVER: ligence unit at Nuance Communications in appointment via the shortest route. the Turing test is used. This is a process Burlington, Massachusetts. This company is The system must also be familiar with the developed by the legendary English the global leader in the area of digital lan- driver and his or her preferences. “If I say that mathematician Alan Turing (1912–54). Start navigation. CAR: Navigation started. guage processing. It developed Apple’s lan- I’d like to eat tandoori chicken, the system In this test, a human questioner uses a must independently realize that I’m looking keyboard and a display to conduct a for an Indian restaurant and search for one in conversation with two partners, a the surroundings in line with the recommen- human being and a machine, without dations of evaluation portals or my personal being able to see or hear either one. Both partners must try to convince the preferences,” Ortiz explains. In the navigation questioner that they are human beings. system, the points of interest must be de- If the questioner can ultimately not say scribed more abstractly, because the driver which participant was the machine, the TOMORROW –– CAR: Your first appoint- will of course not always know the exact ad- machine has passed the test. In other dress. The system must also understand en- words, it can think in the same way as a tries such as “the Indian restaurant at the human being. ment today is at 9 a.m. at Messe Frankfurt. main railroad station”. In line with his specialty, Charlie An even greater challenge is the recogni- Ortiz has helped to develop a test that is tion of linguistic relationships and contexts. based on language comprehension. In Do you wish to drive to Ludwig-Erhard- If the system recognizes not only individual the Winograd Schema Challenge, the words but entire grammatical relationships, goal is to understand the relationships within a very ordinary sentence. For ==== “THE VEHICLE MUST it has a much higher success rate. “In our con- Anlage 1 in Frankfurt? DRIVER: YES. example, in the sentence “The trophy trol system, the English word ‘play’ has 18 dif- HAVE ACCESS TO AS won’t fit into the bag because it’s ferent meanings, all of which the voice recog- MANY SOURCES OF DATA too big,” everyone will understand nition system must identify by means of AS POSSIBLE” ======immediately which of the two objects is their context,” Ortiz explains. “That’s an ex- too big. The electronic voice recognition Charlie Ortiz, Nuance Communications tremely demanding challenge for the pro- system’s ability to understand such gramming.” It’s also a big challenge for the relationships is the measure of its

Photos: Image by Dan Taylor/Dan Taylor Photography, Photo Researchers, Inc/Alamy Stock Foto Photo Researchers, Inc/Alamy Stock Photography, Taylor Photos: Image by Dan Taylor/Dan next generations of voice control systems. “intellectual capacity”.

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“FLIRTING IS MERELY A SIDE EFFECT” Axel Glanz heads the Innovation Institute in Frankfurt. He works together with CEOs to develop new ideas until they reach market maturity. Glanz specializes in CONNECTED CARS and new drive technologies. His latest product is a flirting app that can also be used for other purposes

TEXT: ANJA STEINBUCH

r. Axel Glanz is an economist, busi- “The automotive industry is on the brink of a major transformation,” ness consultant and inventor. He wel- he says. “It will really take off over the next five years.” Although Glanz D comes his guests at a former bank generally develops new ideas in close cooperation with his clients, he building from the 19th century on Frankfurt’s recently made an exception. His new idea, which he developed on his Schillerstraße. Although the building fea- own, is called Contact2Car. It’s actually “only” a chat app that enables tures herringbone-pattern parquetry, chan- users to contact other drivers merely by entering their licence plate deliers and painted stucco, one shouldn’t be numbers. Around 5,000 pioneers are already using the app, for which fooled by the surroundings. Actually, the fu- Glanz has formed partnerships with Pirelli, Audi and the German Au- ture is being made here. For nearly the past tomobile Club. “Flirting is merely a side effect,” says Glanz to counter GLANZ is always 30 years, Glanz has been advising companies any suspicions regarding the app’s nature. Through surveys of the on the go — to the World Economic with regard to the challenging topic of inno- app’s users, Glanz knows that they most frequently share safety-relat- Forum in Davos, vation. His Innovation Institute, which has ed information: storm warnings or messages about shifting cargo, low for example, or to offices in Frankfurt, Paris and London, helps tire pressure and the like. “It’s a new kind of car-to-car communica- trade shows and companies develop and market new prod- tion,” says Glanz. meetings with CEOs. He calls timing a key ucts. Glanz earned his spurs at Nixdorf Com- factor for implement- puter, after which he did a stint at the data TRANSFERRING IDEAS BETWEEN SECTORS ing innovations. services provider Debis (a Daimler subsidi- But Glanz isn’t some kind of nerd who wants to turn the sector upside “An invention is a ary) before becoming a freelancer. “Many in- down. He’s a consultant who shows companies why they need electric flop for the first person, insufficient ventions are suffocated by complex corpo- vehicles or how they can use charging stations jointly with other firms. for the second one, rate structures,” he says about his experiences. “It’s not the thing itself that enables us to take a step into the future,” and lucrative for As a result, Glanz created a flexible network of he explains, “but the transfer of ideas between the various sectors.” the third,” he says. consultants, engineers and marketing profes- Glanz’s pet projects include alternative drive technologies, elec- Glanz wants to be that third person sionals. “We are like the crew of a swift mes- tronic systems, new materials and in-car well-being. “The sense of senger boat that comes up to an ocean liner in well-being will become extremely important for car interiors,” he says. order to give the captain a crucial piece of in- This sense will be enhanced by reducing CO² emissions and letting formation before sailing off again,” he says. plants grow inside cars to absorb toxins and produce oxygen. This dynamism has enabled Glanz to provide “We have to move away from our fixation on products,” says Glanz ==== good ideas to several corporations and medi- about the way he works. In the future, markets won’t be shaped by cars “PEOPLE WHO MISS um-sized businesses. These ideas include the as such, but by brilliant mobility ideas. The Innovation Institute wants THE RIGHT TIME FOR German postal service’s electronic letter and to contribute to these ideas, and Contact2Car is one such example. The A PRODUCT OR ACT TOO QUICKLY the remote control that displays the charging basically simple idea of a chat app for drivers helps them acquire a WILL LOSE” ======state of the BMW i8. new “domicile”. It turns licence plate numbers into an additional address Axel Glanz, Innovationen Institut

and creates a new communications channel. Photo: Marc Krause

22 23 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY MONITORING & TRANSPARENCY

Smart wheel bearings in trains record data about more than 100 parameters. This enables predictive maintenance, which in turn reduces downtimes and increases planability

DAMAGE REPORT Unscheduled repairs and costly downtimes will soon become increasingly rare. In future, sensors will diagnose the condition of machines DURING OPERATION. As a result, it will be possible to respond to impending defects and breakdowns well in advance. Before that can happen, however, vehicles and machines will have to become part of the Internet

TEXT: JOACHIM BECKER

he electronic revolution is ongoing. The miniaturization of computers and their connectivity with one another and T with the cloud are making more and more new features possible. “One of the characteristics of the digital revolution is the fusion of technologies. This means that the boundaries between the physical and the digital domains are becoming blurred,” says Klaus Schwab, the Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum in Davos. Schwab expects to see not only a steady acceleration of the transformation but also increasing efficiency and productivity. For example, the operation and maintenance of machines will be fundamentally transformed. One of the simplest examples of “predictive maintenance” is the monitoring of production facilities by vibration and temperature sensors. Such sensors notice early on whether vibrations are becoming irregular or too fast and if the temperatures inside a machine are rising too high. Smart roller bearings are an example of how machines can determine their maintenance needs themselves. Forces, torques and rotational speeds can be precisely measured on these moving parts. Moreover, it’s possible to measure changes to the bearings themselves. These changes take the form of wear and tear, which are expressed by data concerning

Photos: Schaeffler (2) lubrication, temperatures, vibrations and frequencies. In this way the

24 25 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY MONITORING & TRANSPARENCY

Predictive maintenance can also greatly reduce the time that cars spend in workshops bearings not only transmit forces and motion but also become widely distributed sensors. The data they record is turned into a precise virtual depic- tion of a machine’s condition. From this perspective, a wind farm is a collection of rotor blades, generators, brakes and gearboxes, all of which can be monitored by sensors. To prevent breakdowns, all of the data has to be centrally col- “Analytics convert valuable primary data GERMANY’S MAINTENANCE AND lected and analysed. External influences such as gusts, icing and light- into profitable information,” says Prof. Peter REPAIR MARKET ning strikes are transmitted to a data centre backend for evaluation. As Gutzmer, the Chief Technology Officer of a result, it’s possible to detect incipient defects before they actually Schaeffler AG. “We use this information to de- occur so that operators don’t have to respond to breakdowns or faults velop innovative data-based services for our by making expensive repairs. If, instead of simply analysing data de- customers.” The basis for these services is 265 scriptively and eliminating faults, operators could predict future IBM’s cloud platform Watson, which not only events in advance, they would considerably reduce their maintenance evaluates collections of data but also protects EUROS costs and avoid expensive downtimes. them against unauthorized access and ma- were spent on the maintenance of each nipulation. car in 2014 LOWER COSTS, MORE SAFETY Railways have had good experience with predictive maintenance for ==== many years now. Smart wheel bearings in trains sometimes measure AUTOMATED DRIVING more than one hundred different paramaters, including struc- REQUIRES AUTOMOBILES TO 39.1 ture-borne sound, temperatures and rotational speeds. As soon as sen- BE ABLE TO DIAGNOSE sors register deviations from statistically normal operation, the net- MILLION THEMSELVES ======maintenance and repair worked bearings transmit a reliability warning to the operator through jobs were performed the cloud. During the next pause in operation or regular maintenance to adjust maintenance intervals, vehicles also doc- by brand-name check, the operator can then take a close look at the problem and elimi- The Stuttgart-based company Bosch operates its ument strong wear and tear, such as that caused workshops in 2014 nate possible faults before they can cause major damage. own cloud for the Internet of Things. Bosch plans by cold starts. However, regular inspections are As a consequence, operating costs fall and operational reliability to set new standards in food production later this still indispensable. increases. Defective trains no longer break down en route. Expensive year, when it will equip individual rollers in cere- Until now, automakers’ attempts to focus fully on the customer have In future, it will be possible to supplement and time-consuming towing services are thus no longer required, pas- al-processing machines with wireless sensors failed because of the lack of an appropriate data and communications plat- and greatly expand such precautionary meas- 30.9 sengers don’t have to be recompensed, timetables can be adhered to, that measure temperatures and vibrations. This form. Only centralized cloud solutions will enable companies to collect ures with preventive maintenance. The business MILLION and operators don’t have to keep as many vehicles in reserve as they will not only ensure that the machines are more large amounts of vehicle data and process it in almost real time. BMW Con- consulting firm Gartner predicts that by 2020 maintenance and did in the past. The procurement and maintenance of these reserve accurately monitored but also enable them to be nected is an example of where this development is heading. The Mu- about 80 per cent of all new vehicles will be inter- repair jobs were vehicles is very costly in itself. Sensor-equipped trains are almost al- more precisely adjusted and produce high- nich-based automaker wants to distinguish itself from its competitors by connected. These vehicles will have the comput- performed by ways operational. The 50 Siemens projects that use predictive mainte- er-quality food. providing new online services faster than anyone else. The BMW 7 Series ing power of up to 20 current PCs and process up independent workshops in 2014 nance around the world have availability rates that range from 98 per Such new services are also playing a ma- and the new BMW 5 Series are among the first cars to have the integrated to 25 gigabytes of data per hour. Because the cent (in Bratislava) to 100 per cent (the urban rail system in Bangkok). jor role in the automotive industry. “Custom- cloud service Carasso (“car as a sensor”). In this system, sensors transmit breakdown of such “IT centres on wheels” could Such values clearly show that investments in predictive maintenance er orientation is the buzzword of our times,” anonymized data about road conditions, road geometry and traffic signs to have serious consequences for vehicle occu- (e.g. data analysis systems, retrofitting of sensor technology, the crea- wrote the authors of a study that analyses the the cloud. pants, the predictive monitoring of all vehicle 0.88 tion of a cloud infrastructure) quickly pays off. way in which big data is revolutionizing the “In 2018 Carasso will process the data produced by hundreds of data will become even more important in future. automotive industry. The study, which was thousands of vehicles travelling a total of eight billion kilometres. Giv- Automobiles will then be called “autonomous” GENERAL REPAIRS published by the business consulting firm en the large number of sensors in cars, you can see that the result is a not only because they can drive on their own but and Bain in 2014, warned that automakers were massive amount of data,” says Dieter May, Senior Vice President Digi- because they’ll also be able to diagnose them- finding it increasingly difficult to use the tra- tal Business Models at the BMW Group. The initial benefit of such data selves. ditional methods of setting themselves apart collection “on the fly” is that navigation will be greatly improved. 0.55 from the competition by maintaining a tech- Today’s connectivity is limited to sensors that scan the vehicle’s sur- nological lead. Because the product features roundings. In future, cars will also monitor their own condition with ACCIDENT-RELATED of today’s automobiles are becoming increas- increasing precision. This is especially important for highly automated REPAIRS were made on average ingly similar, automakers have to focus more driving, because most cars currently only warn the driver if there isn’t

per car in 2014 on services. Photo: Getty Images enough coolant or the temperature of the motor oil is too high. In order

26 27 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY DATA ANALYTICS & SECURITY

Logistics chains ally six weeks long,s developers can use the as motion profiles: data to answer queries from individual de- Teradata uses such partments such as Quality Assurance and information to make its forecasts Logistics. “We offer the infrastructure and the technology,” says Puljic. “The data has to be sorted and integrated into an architecture so it can be read. Data alone is useless — it first has to be put into a meaningful arrangement and context. Only then can it be informative.” == BIG DATA CONTAINER REPAIR HARBORS The world’s largest container shipping compa- INCREDIBLE ny, the Danish firm Maersk, was also mainly Repair management: The logistics POTENTIAL == interested in using new analytical techniques company Maersk monitors the Matthias Braun, condition of its transport containers because of their potentially high return on in- Secretary General vestment. “Maersk has evolved into a digital of the AvD company over the past five years,” says Puljic. “The company uses data to optimize its busi- xterior and interior temperature, speed, transportation costs, ness model.” In a recent RACE project, the ex- route length and driving time are just a few examples of the di- perts at Teradata gathered data about the age, Everse types of data that are recorded in tremendous amounts durability, idle time and previous repairs of along mobility chains. “Huge amounts of data are generated every the containers, and determined where and day. Sometimes it’s not even clear what information this data can pro- how they could be repaired most economical- vide,” says Matthias Braun, Secretary General of the Automobile Club ly and effectively. of Germany (AvD). “However, everybody realizes that data harbours To date, the automotive and logistics sec- incredible potential.” According to a survey conducted by the AvD and tors have accounted for about 20 per cent of the International School of Management, 38 per cent of automotive Teradata’s global contract volume, and this == THE SHARE suppliers think that the biggest potential for exploiting big data is figure is increasing. “In 2025 these sectors will OF THE AUTO- in the optimization of manufacturing processes, while 34 per cent supply 50 per cent of the data that needs pro- MOTIVE AND expect it to enable comprehensive quality assurance on the basis of cessing,” says Puljic. “In the past, designers real-time analyses. were the most popular and respected em- LOGISTICS “Data is now used to steer all the processes and thus reduce costs,” ployees at automotive companies,” adds Mat- SECTORS WILL says Sascha Puljic, Managing Director of Teradata GmbH in Germany. thias Braun from the AvD. “Today, the most INCREASE == Teradata is an internationally operating company for data warehous- popular person is the one who knows how to Sascha Puljic, Managing ing services and big data analyses. Last year Teradata introduced Rapid evaluate data.” Director of Teradata Analytic Consultant Engagement (RACE) in order to give companies rapid insight into the informational nature of their data. An example of how it does this is provided by BMW. The automak- Teradata

/ er responded to increased demand from Asia by producing its vehicles locally. This required long and complex logistics chains. Howev- er, if a provider of logistics services was unable to deliver, BMW often had to resort to air freight at short notice, which is expensive. In order to find a solution, the automaker hired Teradata. When combined with the experience gained from thousands of customer projects, “PUTTING DATA the analysis of data from logistics partners and of freely accessible information from rail systems led to the creation of solutions that enable BMW to reduce the costs of air freight and at the same time INTO MEANINGFUL ORDER” respond quickly to new orders.

BMW Group, Reuters; Grafik: Alexander Heidl BMW Group, Reuters; Grafik: Alexander “The program enables users to forecast the optimization poten- / What kinds of forecasts can be made on the basis of corporate data? tial of logistics processes in detail,” explains Puljic. The industry con- To find an answer to this question, Sascha Puljic and his company Teradata are sultants and data scientists at Teradata obtain access to the customer increasingly evaluating data for the automotive and logistics sectors figures that are relevant to the project at hand and establish the neces- Logistics chain: BMW optimized sary interrelationships. “The engagement is always preceded by a the supply chain for the production of its

TEXT: ISABELL SPILKER obs Photos: Teradata, problem or a desire for change,” says Puljic. Because projects are usu- 5 Series saloon

28 29 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY DATA ANALYTICS & SECURITY

FROM HACKER TO SECURITY CONSULTANT In 2015, CHRIS VALASEK AND CHARLIE MILLER showed it was possible to hack into a moving car. The stunt alerted the automotive industry to the topic of data security and landed Valasek a job with the transportation company Uber

TEXT: HEINZ-JÜRGEN KÖHLER, MICHAEL SEITZ

irst of all, they turned up the air conditioning and the car stereo, then they switched on the seat coolers. Next, they activated the F windscreen wipers. And, finally, they cut the engine and let the car coast to a halt somewhere on the interstate highway in St. Louis. Chris Valasek and his colleague Charlie Miller had taken control of a moving vehicle. And there was nothing the guy behind the wheel could do about it. The history of data security and connected vehicles can be divided into two parts: the eras before and after the spectacular Jeep hack in 2015. Valasek und Miller provided a striking demonstration of just how vulnerable automobile systems are. “I’d been hacking computers for years, and one day I said to a friend that it would be really cool to try hacking into something bigger, like a car, for example,” Chris Val- asek explains at the Connected Mobility Roadshow in Austin, Texas. “I was a really bad programmer,” he says with a laugh. “That’s what put me on to hacking. And then it was just like being a junkie: I was always on the lookout for the next high.” Valasek and Miller’s first car hack was a Ford Escape. “It had electronic parking, collision warning and cruise control. All of these systems are computer-controlled. So we thought, where there’s a computer, there’s a computer we can hack.” That was back in 2013, when they also took control of a Toyota Prius. In both these cases, however, they were sitting in the rear of the vehicle. At this point in time, both Valasek and Miller were in regular jobs and devoted weekends to their hacking activities. In 2015, Valasek’s Wired.com / employer, the data security company IO Active, provided them with a Jeep Cherokee. At the time, this was, in their opinion, the easiest vehicle to hack. Valasek and Miller accessed the Jeep’s onboard IT via the Charlie Miller (left) Uconnect system, which controls the vehicle’s infotainment electron- and Chris Valasek ics. This is the system responsible for controlling the navigation sys- hacked into a moving car from tem, stereo and also smartphones. Today’s vehicles tend to offer even

Miller’s basement Curtis, 2015 Photo: Whitney more opportunities. “Most cars now are totally connected,” Valasek ex-

30 EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DATA ANALYTICS & SECURITY

Chris Valasek (right) studied IT at the University of Pittsburgh and went on to work for VULNERABLE TO HACKING employers such as IBM and the data Modern vehicles have a mass of services company NETWORKED TECHNOLOGY that can be manipulated by IO Active before joining Uber hackers — a major challenge for manufacturers

Automatic emergency Cruise control braking Adaptive lamps

Driver-attention Brakes Battery management monitor

Electronic throttle Power steering Automatic parking control Electronic engine management The hacked Jeep rolled to a ceremonious halt in Airbags a roadside ditch without injury to any persons involved Air conditioning Dashboard display

Windscreen-wiper Infotainment system ==== “ANY MODERN VEHICLE CAN control BE POTENTIALLY HACKED. Child-safety systems AUTOMAKERS MUST ENSURE THEY

ARE SECURE” ======Didi Chuxing, and Valasek is Head of Security at Uber. “I’m responsible Chris Valasek, Uber Advanced Technology Center for the security of autonomous vehicles,” he says, declining to elabo- rate further. Valasek is sure there is a future for autonomous cars. Keyless access “They’re great,” he says. “They don’t get drunk, they don’t get tired and they don’t make mistakes.” Seating position plains. “Bluetooth for phone, radio transmitters Of course, they are also vulnerable to attack. “Any car with this for tyre pressure and vehicle positioning via technology can be potentially hacked. That’s why manufacturers must Alarm system smartphone.” ensure they are secure,” Valasek emphasises. After the Jeep hack, none Back in 2015, he and Miller used a smart- of the automakers approached him or Miller to have them check the Interior lighting Wired.com, Shutterstock Shutterstock Wired.com, Wired.com, phone and a laptop to hack the Jeep and con- security of their vehicles. “And it would have been very easy to do the / / GPS trol it at their will. At the wheel sat a friend, work at home. The manufacturers would simply have had to provide Voice and data Wired journalist Andy Greenberg. Their us with the onboard computer from the vehicle in question. It took us communications demonstration had decisive consequences: almost a year to hack the Jeep. But with practice, we would have gotten Gearbox control Fiat Chrysler recalled 1.4 million vehicles, and faster,” Valasek explains. data security was suddenly a hot topic for au- According to a study by the management consultancy company Lane-departure Stability control tomakers, IT companies and legislators. The McKinsey, 30 per cent of automakers work with hackers in order to monitor day after Greenberg’s article on the Jeep stunt identify security gaps. And companies such as Tesla and Fiat Chrysler Engine sound Blind-spot monitor appeared, the US Senate introduced legisla- now offer so-called bug bounties for hackers who report glitches in tion to establish standards as to how vehicles vehicle software. It’s a practice that Internet companies such as Google and should be protected against hacking. Facebook have been following for years. And there were also repercussions for the Rear-view camera hackers themselves: both Valasek and Miller were hired by the transportation company Areas where hackers Systems that hackers Uber to work at its Advanced Technology can gain access can manipulate

Center. Today, Miller works for Chinese rival Andy Greenberg Andy Greenberg Photography, Photography, Taylor Taylor Photos: Image by Dan Taylor/Dan Photos: Image by Dan Taylor/Dan

32 33 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY DIGITAL ANALYTICS & SECURITY

DIGITALIZATION GERMANY NEEDS WHAT’S IN IT INNOVATIVE VEHICLES “SENIORS ARE CAUTIOUS” The new mobility concepts assume that Professor MICHAEL BENZ from the International School of both the vehicles and their Management was commissioned by Messe Frankfurt to FOR ME? users are networked. But in the digitalization investigate the needs, reservations and fears of end users Car sharing, autonomous driving — many such process there’s still technologies already exist. But do people really a lot to do want them? A STUDY commissioned by Messe Professor Benz, you’ve investigated people’s attitudes toward Frankfurt examines the new mobility from the digital mobility. How do people feel about it in Germany? consumers’ perspective It depends on their age. Members of the “analogue generation” have their doubts. The “digital generation” is more likely to understand its potential. This creates challenges for transportation com- AUTONOMOUS DRIVING panies. On the one hand, they experience competition from com- HOW HARD IS IT TO DISPENSE WITH THE STEERING WHEEL? panies like Google, which use the data they gather to also plan % of vehicles % of the mobility chains. On the other hand, the demands placed on them In spite of the increased safety and efficiency 11 66 are already equipped respondents place by younger and completely networked customers have increased. of autonomous driving compared to human with an Internet a high value on PROF. MICHAEL driving, people still find it hard interface data protection and BENZ is the Disruptive innovations often build on users’ needs, such as to imagine handing over the privacy when it Director of the Institute for Supply controls to the autopilot comes to Internet- their desire for convenience in online commerce. What needs of vehicles Chain Manage- in city traffic 14% reject 7% capable systems are driving digital mobility? can already be ment, Cluster and autonomous driving in automobiles One key driver is planability. The main thing consumers want is in general managed with a Mobility Manage- 80% want to use smartphone not the quickest form of transportation — instead, it’s reliable ment at the smatphones to plan planning. A further important need is to receive all the services International School of Over 80% regard their trips from a single source. Customers don’t want to deal with different autonomous driving as Management systems for their car, train and bus rides. They want to manage all a supportive measure believe the under specific traffic MOBILITY PLANNING 93% of these systems from their smartphones. main thing is to get to conditions OPPORTUNITIES OFFERED BY NEW SERVICES their destination quickly and without long Alliances are forming between the automakers, suppliers, 44% hope New mobility concepts will be waiting times instead of and software and IT companies. Whom do consumers regard autonomously successful only if they seriously comparing different as the drivers of this development? Whom do they trust? driving cars will make address users’ needs for routes When it comes to supplementary services (such as entertain- traffic safer reliable planning, simple billing ment), most consumers believe that companies like Google and systems and understandable 53% consider THE SHARING ECONOMY Facebook are in the front ranks. However, the picture changes as believe communication. It’s especially alternative mobility 61% REASONS FOR SHARING soon as the consumers want to have specific needs met. In this autonomously driving cars important to make sure offers before starting a case, the respondents believe that public transport associations will mainly be used in customers can use the services trip if there’s a threat of There’s still a big market for highway traffic with their smartphones storms or a strike motorized private transporta- with well-established offers have superior expertise. They don’t tion, but younger people in trust a company in California to know local conditions. particular are increasingly taking advantage of the offers Older people, who could benefit the most from digitalization, of the sharing economy. have the biggest reservations regarding it. Why is that? PERSONALIZING THE NEED FOR CUSTOMIZED SERVICE However, before the principle of Seniors are cautious about everything related to data protection. “sharing, not owning” can Driving one’s own car still has a tremendous advantage: And they’re not a target group of the providers of digital mobility. become widespread, new target The vehicle can be perfectly adapted to individual preferences and Services such as car sharing are not sufficiently publicized to this groups must be strategically requirements. New mobility-related services will be successful only if group. This is hard for me to understand. After all, older people are addressed

they can be configured to meet their users’ personal needs WILDFOX RUNNING one of the most high-income groups. /

How will mobility develop in the future? % % don’t want want Over want 25 23 Many scenarios assume that autonomous driving will dominate 40% 50% 70% are interested in the to use new mobility personalized services want a function cars with functions sharing economy services because they our city centres. However, that’s very far in the future. Automakers such as preset music that recommends that offer orientation have a car and aircraft companies are already discussing the use of manned stations and a entertainment options in unfamiliar drones. The development that I can imagine for city centres in the preset seat height in that match their surroundings or if Over 15% hire cars personal taste during the driver has already use services long term is the separation of supply structures and personal mo-

a drive physical disabilities Photo: PR; Illustrations: Carolin Eitel such as car sharing bility. The future will continue to be exciting.

34 35 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY HYPERMODALITY

amburg harbour, which handles almost 140 million tons of train travelling inside Germany has Hamburg Harbour either as its FAR MORE THAN JUST sea cargo annually, is Europe’s third-largest container harbour. origin or its destination. Hamburg Harbour has more all-container HThe harbour’s biggest advantage is its multimodal traffic net- trains leaving it every week (1,900), than any other port in Europe. In work. And thanks to its close connection with transport links such as Maschen, it has access to the biggest marshalling yard in Europe. The WATERWAYS railways, roads and inland waterways, the rapid handling of goods is harbour’s biggest trade partner in overseas container transport is Chi- guaranteed. For this purpose, the harbour operates the second-largest na. More than 2.5 million of the 8.82 million containers that the har- HAMBURG HARBOUR’S railway network is the second-largest in railway network in Germany after Deutsche Bahn. Every eighth freight bour transships annually are bound to or from China. Germany, right after the national railway, Deutsche Bahn. To make its cargo handling processes as smooth as possible, the harbour has trimodal transport connections — via railways, roads and waterways

Inland waterway vessels handle 12.3% of the hinterland traffic

The track network of the harbour railway is about 300 kilometres long, including 850 integrated points. A total of 200 freight trains arrive at the harbour every workday. 45.3% of hinterland traffic is handled via railways State-of-the-art overhead cranes enable rapid loading and unloading of the trains. IT systems register and monitor the container transport data

8.82 million ISO containers were transshipped in 2015

42.2% of the hinterland transport is handled by trucks

Maschen, Europe’s biggest marshalling yard, is located 20 kilometres south of Hamburg. Every day, up to 150 freight trains arrive here from North Sea and Baltic Sea harbours, Scandinavia /Aufwind-Luftbilder.de and the interior of Germany

36 EVENTS Photo: Holger Weitzel DRIVING MOBILITY SUSTAINABILITY

hen a small gap miraculously opens up on Beijing’s 3rd Ring Road, Yujia Nie resolutely Wsteps on the accelerator. The engine doesn’t roar — but Yujia’s lily-white car reaches the free space in the left lane before the SUV that was also trying to move in. Yujia flashes a triumphant grin. “As I keep say- ing, my car isn’t any slower than normal automobiles.” Yujia’s friends like to tease him when they see him getting into his car. They say they’ll go ahead on foot and wait for him to catch up, or that they’ll drive right behind him for his own safety, because after all his car might break down after a few kilometres. He’s got electric drive: For the past year, Yujia has driven a Qichen e30 Yujia Nie received a made by the Dongfeng Motor Company. He’s never had state subsidy for his a problem with it. Nonetheless, opinions about the car Qichen e30 and received his registra- are divided. Yujia’s friends simply joke about it, and tion immediately. some Western automakers believe it’s still too early to Owners of petrol-en- launch such cars on the Chinese market. The Qichen gine cars often have to e30, which is made by the Chinese-Japanese joint ven- wait for their number plates for months ture Dongfeng-Nissan, is the Chinese variant of the Nis- san Leaf, the world’s best-selling electric vehicle. Yujia, 27, was born in Beijing, and you might think he ELECTROTHERAPY bought his e-car because of the dramatic air pollution in China’s capital. But Yujia shakes his head. His reasons CHINA, and Beijing in particular, are suffering from an incredible for buying the car were much more mundane: 40 per smog catastrophe. Fighting this “airpocalypse” is one reason why cent and N-22YJ6. He received a 40 per cent price reduc- the Chinese government is strongly promoting the electrification of tion thanks to a government subsidy, and N-22YJ6 is his number plate. Beijing residents who wish to register a road traffic. CHINA also wants to become less dependent on oil petrol or diesel vehicle must participate in a kind of lot- from abroad, boost economic growth and become the global market tery to get their number plates. The chances of success leader for electric cars are lower than those of a normal lottery. By contrast, electric cars are exempt from this procedure.

TEXT: MICHAEL RADUNSKI Photo: Stefen Chow 39 EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY SUSTAINABILITY

==== THE WHO CONSIDERS MORE THAN 25 MICROGRAMS OF PARTICULATES PER CUBIC METER A HEALTH HAZARD. ON ESPECIALLY BAD DAYS, THIS VALUE IS EXCEEDED 20 TIMES OVER IN BEIJING ======Photo: Getty Images

40 41 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY SUSTAINABILITY

per cubic metre a health hazard. In Beijing, the values are far worse. technology. “Many of our members consider this very dangerous,” he says. Last winter, they hovered between 400 and 500 micrograms for sever- The Chinese government will continue to officially subsidize local automak- al weeks. Factories had to close, some highways were barricaded be- ers until 2020. “Only after that will we have a fair market,” says Declerq. This is cause of poor visibility, half of the cars had to stand unused, and even why he is calling for the quota regulation to be postponed at least until 2020. air traffic was restricted. In view of such conditions, which Beijing res- on, a saloon that is based on the long version of Declerq basically doubts whether the Chinese government’s quota reg- idents call the “airpocalypse,” pedestrians wearing rubber masks with the Audi A6 and is sold only in China. Over the ulation is really aimed at protecting the environment. “Here they are prac- double filters of the kind normally used only in paint shops can be next two to three years, VW plans to produce 15 ticing industrial policy on a large scale,” he says. For years, Chinese automak- seen more and more often on the streets. electric models together with local joint ven- ers tried in vain to catch up to European manufacturers in the market for An estimated 1.6 million Chinese die prematurely every year be- tures. The goal is to sell 400,000 such vehicles conventional cars. “That didn’t work. Now they’re simply opening up a new cause of smog. There are many causes of the smog catastrophe, and annually starting in 2020. playing field: electric mobility. And here the Chinese want to be the global they differ from one region to another. According to the Chinese Min- Mercedes-Benz has plans that are similarly market leader from the very start.” istry of the Environment, the smog in Beijing is due mostly to road ambitious. It aims to invest €10 billion in the de- Sandra Retzer from the Gesellschaft für internationale Zusamme- traffic (31 per cent), followed by coal combustion (22.4 per cent) and velopment and production of electric cars and narbeit (GIZ — Society for International Cooperation) warns that we the operation of industrial plants (18 per cent). offer ten electric models in 2025. By then, up to a shouldn’t underestimate China: “One has to conclude that when it A rare sight: e-cars from BMW, for But there are also other reasons for China’s electric vehicle offen- fourth of all Mercedes-Benz models will be pure- comes to electric mobility, the Chinese are clearly ahead of us,” she example, are the Yujia’s case is a good example of China’s sive: a secure energy supply, jobs and growth. China is very dependent ly battery-powered or plug-in hybrids, according says. For example, Shanghai already has as many charging stations for exception in China. transportation policy. The government has on oil deliveries from abroad, explains Daizong Liu from the World to the company’s China headquarters in Beijing. electric cars as all of Germany is planning to have in 2020. In addition, The market is been promoting sales of electric vehicles by Criticism of Chinese plans can be heard every new building is legally required to demonstrate that it has a charging dominated by vehicles from the offering subsidies worth billions and restrict- only off the record. However, Dominik De- producers BYD and ing the registration of vehicles with tradition- ==== YUJIA’S FRIEND HAS BOUGHT A clerq, the Chairman of the China Office of the Dongfeng al drive systems. Soon Beijing will legally CONVENTIONAL CAR. HE’S BEEN WAITING FOR European Automobile Manufacturers’ Associ- mandate the sale of e-cars. The plan will re- HIS NUMBER PLATES FOR MONTHS ==== ation (ACEA), is more direct in his criticism: quire automakers in China to sell a set quota “We do not oppose the quota on principle, but of electric vehicles, starting in 2018. When it’s coming too soon.” He gives several reasons this requirement goes into effect, all Chinese Resources Institute in Beijing. And this oil is mainly imported from the Mid- 1.23 for that. Firstly, the final regulations have still automakers will have to gather “credit points” dle East and South America — regions that are politically unstable. That’s not been approved (as of the end of January); MILLION for eight per cent of the vehicles they sell in why the Chinese government wants to change the country’s energy struc- however, “in a few months all of us will have e-cars are expected to China. That percentage will be raised to ten ture and reduce its dependence on foreign oil. As a result, the expansion of be produced in China to comply with them,” he says. It’s not possi- per cent in 2019 and twelve per cent in 2020. electric mobility is a top priority. “With the help of such targeted support until 2018 ble to switch automobile production at such === “EVEN THOUGH CHINA IS THE WORLD’S They will receive four credit points for an measures, we are also creating a new economic sector, growth and lots of short notice. Secondly, China still does not BIGGEST MARKET FOR ELECTRIC CARS, IT STILL electric vehicle and two for a plug-in hybrid. new jobs,” says Liu. have the necessary charging infrastructure HAS SOME WORK TO DO IN TERMS OF “The planned quota system is a good idea,” for such a huge country. “The ranges of the EXPANDING ITS INFRASTRUCTURE. THERE IS A says Yujia. “The air pollution in Beijing is ex- THE STATE’S ELECTRIC VEHICLE OFFENSIVE current models are much too short,” Declerq 5 SHORTAGE OF CHARGING STATIONS AND tremely bad.” In the past half hour, his Qichen The state’s electric vehicle offensive will revolutionize the Chinese adds. Thirdly, in China the power that is need- MILLION e30 has moved forward less than 400 metres. auto market. As soon as the new regulations go into effect, foreign ed by electric vehicles is generated primarily ======e-cars are to be on MAINTENANCE FACILITIES” The 3rd Ring Road is one of Beijing’s main manufacturers will have to restructure their product ranges. If auto- China’s streets and by low-quality coal. And finally, the Chinese Tareq Muwanes, Project Manager, Messe Frankfurt Shanghai traffic arteries — and, as is often the case, it’s makers don’t reach the quota, they will have to either reduce their pro- roads by 2020 government is massively subsidizing domes- almost completely blocked. The solid mass of duction, pay punitive fines or buy credit points from other automak- tic automakers — and thus putting foreign cars, stretching across eight lanes, creeps for- ers — thus subsidizing their competitors. companies at a disadvantage. infrastructure for all of its tenants. “The ability to recharge vehicles at home ward at a painfully slow pace. “This is typical In 2016 the Volkswagen Group, whose most important sales market TOP “Every Chinese company operating out of a is a key factor for the customers,” Retzer explains. of Beijing. Completely normal,” shrugs Yujia. is China, sold almost four million conventional cars but only a few garage receives financial support,” says De- “Electric mobility is much more popular here than in Germany,” An investigation by the Ministry of Transpor- hundred e-vehicles. In 2018 it will have to manufacture about 80,000 clerq, pointing to a list of 257 Chinese compa- she says, adding that Germans shouldn’t miss out on this develop- tation has concluded that Beijing’s streets are purely battery-powered vehicles and 160,000 plug-in hybrids. Conse- 3 nies whose production of electric cars is subsi- ment. “China is the global leader in the microcar segment. That’s also e-autos in China: 1. among the most congested in the country. In quently the Group is planning to work with the Chinese manufacturer dized. “I’ve been working in this field for a long clear to German automakers. Now it’s all about the premium market.” BYD Tang almost no other city are drivers stuck in traf- JAC to launch purely battery-powered vehicles on the market. 2. BYD Qin time, but I’ve never heard most of these com- In the meantime, Yujia has arrived in the city centre — without fic jams so often and for so long. Their vehi- Jochem Heizmann, the President/CEO of Volkswagen Group China, 3. BAIC E150EV panies’ names.” In view of these one-sided sub- breaking down, and just as fast as the petrol-engine cars in the crush cles’ exhausts incessantly pump out nitrogen calls the quota regulation a “great challenge”. He says it’s understand- sidies, there is no fair market environment at next to him. He connects his Qichen e30 to a charging station and tells oxides, CO² and particulates. A pall of yellow- able that the Chinese government wants to get a grip on the massive the moment, Declerq complains. It’s true that us before we leave that tomorrow he’s planning to give his best friend ish smog hovers above the city, and an acrid environmental pollution, while at the same time posting strong eco- foreign automakers can apply for state fund- a lift. The friend has bought a conventional car, but has so far not been smell hangs in the air. nomic growth. He also shares its belief “that the future is electric”. ing, but in order to do so they must demon- lucky in the registration lottery and has been waiting for his number plates Yujia pulls his mobile phone out of his That’s why VW has launched an ambitious electric vehicle offensive. 1.25 strate that they have “mastered” the associated for months. trouser pocket and clicks on the air quality This year it will start to build a plug-in hybrid version of the VW Phide- PER CENT electrical technology. Declerq believes he is the market share of app. The level of particulate pollution is 250 knows what’s behind this requirement: getting electric vehicles in micrograms. The World Health Organization China. In Germany that companies to reveal their complete produc-

(WHO) considers values over 25 micrograms Chow Photo: Stefen figure is 0.76 per cent tion process, and thus their own research and

42 43 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY SUSTAINABILITY

Mr Bornschein, how do you yourself get around? BORNSCHEIN: I’m the type of person who wants mobility — with “THE CAR OF THE FUTURE WILL my own car, with taxis, Uber, carsharing and planes. What requirements do users of mobility services have? BE MORE LIKE A MINIBUS” They’re interested in use, not ownership. I don’t need to own a car, but I do want to be able to enjoy mobility in all of its available forms. Digitalization expert Christoph Bornschein develops, among other things, People these days want to have everything immediately, and as MOBILITY CONCEPTS for the automotive and logistics industries. Events spoke conveniently as possible. This is particularly true in the area of last mile logistics, where mobility as practised by Amazon Prime and with him during the Connected Mobility Roadshow in Austin, Texas Foodora is also changing user requirements. Christoph Bornschein (right) and TEXT: SABRINA WAFFENSCHMIDT moderator Jochen Wegner at the What challenges do you face when you work with compa- Connected Mobility Roadshow nies in the automotive, mobility and logistics sectors? Most of the companies we work with in those areas are industrial enter- What do you think mobility will be like in prises that were not developed with service-oriented business models in ten, 20 or 30 years? mind. So working together with these companies to change their DNA and The extent to which autonomous driving the way they view themselves is definitely the biggest issue. permeates society, and the speed at which this process occurs, depends on many fac- CHRISTOPH ==== “THE SON I CURRENTLY DON’T HAVE tors, so various scenarios are conceivable. BORNSCHEIN Today I would say that autonomous driving No, he’s not in the PROBABLY WON’T NEED TO GET A DRIVING will be the norm in 20 years. I also think the eighth year of an LICENSE WHEN HE’S 18” ======internship and doesn’t son I currently don’t have probably won’t bring the boss Christoph Bornschein, TLGG need to get a driving license when he’s 18. cigarettes — which is The situation gets really interesting when what it says in his You’ve said that those who want to be innovative need to let go of all you add the cultural component. For exam- profile at the website of Torben, Lucie und die of their belief systems. Which belief systems are you referring to? ple, electric cars haven’t become a realistic gelbe Gefahr GmbH. “Belief system” sounds so harmless and helpful. I’m not looking to turn option overnight. Instead, Elon Musk and Christoph Bornschein people into nihilists. Let’s simply call these things dogmas — for example, his company Tesla have given electric cars a is the company’s managing director. a supposedly infallible sense of what people want and don’t want. When cultural boost by sending the message that After dropping out of the CEO of a German automotive company decides that people want to they’re cool rather than sensible. So why college, where he was buy cars period, and bans the discussion of mobility issues from board shouldn’t the same thing happen with au- studying law, meetings, he’s out of touch with what’s going on in the market. tonomous driving — in other words, the Bornschein founded the agency, which now arrival of a moment in which the cultural employs 160 people You say that dreams and fears jump-start approaches to solutions. impact has a stronger effect than misgiv- What are the biggest dreams and fears of German automakers? ings and constraints? The fear is obvious — that Germany will lose its core industry, which is directly or indirectly responsible for one third of all jobs; that this industry Will electric vehicles shift value creation will be swept away by Tesla, Faraday and others because it no longer un- from hardware-based automakers to derstands customer needs. The current dreams aren’t helpful as most of software providers? them represent optimised and slightly modified “more of the same”. Here too, we’re ultimately dealing with supplier and brand logic. How can automakers What will be the most important innovations over the next few years? incorporate systems from potential partners The tipping point will be fully autonomous driving. This will enable busi- into their brand world? Which traditional ness platforms based on new concepts of the automobile itself. It will raise partners should they go on working with in fundamental questions affecting all of society. If you look at Uber’s route the digital world? How can automakers planning and pooling routines today, it seems the car of the future will be make their brands attractive in ways that go more like a minibus that’s continually optimised and always on the move. beyond reliable engines or outstanding cor-

nering ability? just look at the current Photos: Max Threlfall Photo, Image by Dan Taylor/Dan Taylor Photography, Shutterstock (2) Shutterstock Photography, Taylor Taylor/Dan Dan by Image Photo, Threlfall Max Photos: Mercedes campaign. Brand differentiation is no longer based mainly on mechanical systems and engineering expertise. It’s all about lifestyle.

44 45 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY SUSTAINABILITY 30% share of the SOUTH KOREA: EXPANSION IN EUROPE battery market Two Korean companies are among the leading manufac- THE 10 BILLION turers of lithium-ion battery cells for electric cars: 0.17% Samsung SDI and LG Chem. Together, they currently share of the electric vehicle market control almost one third of the global market, and they are the preferred suppliers of such batteries to the DOLLAR MARKET €130 million 0.7% German auto industry. Samsung SDI supplies cells for the government R&D share of the BMW i3, while LG Chem produces cells for the Chevrolet The production of electric cars for the mass market will usher in a golden funding for electric electric vehicle age for BATTERY MANUFACTURERS. But it’s still a slow-motion boom, Bolt and the Opel Ampera-e. The Korean brands might mobility market because the number of electric vehicles is rising slowly from a low level. also supply batteries for VW’s electric vehicles, such as the I.D. Beginning in 2018, the Koreans will also supply The key factor in electric mobility is battery cell production. At around 20 cells for the all-electric Audi e-tron SUV. At around €350 €129 million per cent, the batteries account for a large share of electric vehicles’ value million apiece, the two companies are currently building government R&D funding 21% added — more than combustion engines and transmissions contribute in their first large-sale production facilities for lithium-ion for electric mobility share of the cells in Europe: LG Chem is constructing such a plant in conventional vehicles. As a result, companies that believe in the future of battery market electric vehicles must also be leading players in battery cell chemistry. Wrocław (Poland) and Samsung SDI in Goed (Hungary).

JAPAN: COOPERATION WITH TOYOTA Panasonic is the world’s largest manufacturer of lithium-ion cells for consumer electronics. In the MARKET SHARE OF THE THE GLOBAL MARKET automotive sector, Panasonic has been cooperating with INTERNATIONAL BATTERY FOR E-MOBILITY BATTERIES IS Toyota since 1998 and currently has a nine per cent MANUFACTURERS market share. It is now Toyota’s minority partner in the EXPECTED TO GROW production of 200 million nickel-metal-hydride battery CHINA TO $10 BILLION IN 2020 cells for hybrid vehicles each year in Japan. Its second 25% BYD pillar in the market is the compact round 18650 10% CATL lithium-ion cell, which is used by Tesla (see USA). Other 4% Lishen Japanese battery cell producers include Sony Murata, a 2% Coslight partnership between Sony and the electronics manufacturer Murata, and the automotive supplier AESC-NEC. €78 million 3% JAPAN government R&D share of the funding for electric 9% Panasonic battery market mobility 5% Sony Murata CHINA LEADING 4% AESC-NEC 0.85% BATTERY MANUFACTURER 3% GS Yuasa share of the electric vehicle market The Chinese car and battery manufacturer BYD (Build Your Dream) is currently the world’s SOUTH KOREA leading manufacturer of battery cells for 17% Samsung SDI automotive applications. Together with 41% 13% LG Chem Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), BYD share of the controls around one third of the global produc- battery market tion capacity of lithium-ion batteries for the automotive industry. In 2016 BYD manufactured USA USA: TESLA’S GIGAFACTORY 2% A123 Systems lithium-ion batteries with a total energy Tesla and Panasonic want to invest about $5 billion in Tesla’s Gigafactory capacity of 4.0 gigawatt-hours (GWh). The total €4,431 million 1% Boston-Power government R&D funding in Nevada, an hour’s flight away from the Tesla plant in Fremont, capacity is expected to rise to 20 gigawatt hours

WILDFOX RUNNING for electric mobility OTHER California. The size of the battery cells will be slightly increased for the / (GWh) in 2020. CATL, meanwwile, will increase 5% large-scale production of the upcoming Tesla Model 3 car in order to its production capacity to 50 GWh by 2020. reduce the share of passive casing material and thus the battery’s 1.25% weight. After the final phase of the Gigafactory’s expansion in 2020, its share of the electric approximately 6,500 employees will produce lilhium-ion batteries with a vehicle market

total energy capacity of 50 gigawatt-hours (GWh) per year. Illustrations: Carolin Eitel

46 47 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY SYNCHRONIZED LOGISTICS

PROF. UWE CLAUSEN is the Director of the Institute for Transport Logistics at Dortmund University and the Director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics MAN, (IML). Clausen, who had previously worked for Deutsche WOMAN, Post and Amazon, was the chief scientist of the “Future Study 2016 ROBOT — The Last Mile” for the supplier How do logistics bridge the notorious company ZF “last mile” to the recipient’s front door? That’s the topic addressed by PROF. UWE CLAUSEN, a Fraunhofer Institute researcher and the chief scientist of the future study “The Last Mile” at ZF, and robot developer HELEN KAARLEP

HELEN KAARLEP INTERVIEW: MICHAEL HOPP heads the testing department of the London-based startup Starship Technologies. Kaarlep, an industrial engineer from Estonia, has supervised pilot tests in Düsseldorf and Hamburg as well as tests for the Swiss Post, in which robots delivered packages to recipients’ front doors Photos: Nathalie Bothur, Willing-Holtz Photos: Nathalie Bothur,

49 EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY SYNCHRONIZED LOGISTICS

=== “AS TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SPECIALISTS, WE WANT TO ADDRESS THESE TOPICS === “WE DEVELOPED ROBOTS SYSTEMATICALLY” ======FOR A NASA CONTEST — AND LOOKED Uwe Clausen, Universität Dortmund FOR NEW APPLICATIONS” ======Helen Kaarlep, Starship Technologies

CLAUSEN: Having this kind of infrastructure makes the last mile shorter. So we will acquire more locations, and of course we need a logistics system to supply them in accordance with demand. That will generate new routes, and we will then transport goods along these routes with bigger units.

Ms. Kaarlep, do you regard drones as a concept that is in competition with your robots? KAARLEP: No. Drones travel in airspace, which is a highly regulated area. They are great at de- livering goods in places our robots can’t get to: remote islands or high mountains. But at the same time, our robots can also do something Challenge”. We thought about where else this idea could be implement- that drones can’t. ed. It arose from a particular spirit — some of the founders of Starship CLAUSEN: We also don’t know to what extent Professor Clausen, you’ve produced a major Technologies had developed Skype, which is a disruptive communica- customers find it cool to receive a delivery via study called “The Last Mile”. Ms. Kaarlep, tion technology. They wondered in which industries no disruption had drone. There certainly are people who like using your company builds delivery robots, which taken place as yet. drones, but there are also people who find it un- are named in the study as one transport op- pleasant or even threatening to have objects tion. What were your approaches in these What’s the idea behind the delivery robots? flying over their heads, so to speak. In addition, two areas? KAARLEP: In this initial phase, we’re doing business with the idea itself. privacy has to be protected, and there’s also a

CLAUSEN: On the one hand, we were con- The robots are only a means to an end. We’re building them and teaching Willing-Holtz Photos: Nathalie Bothur, risk of accidents. fronted by developments that have been trend- them how to function on the street. This is a logistics concept with a back- ing for a long time now and can be extrapolat- ground in robotics. Our robots are 99 per cent autonomous, and if some- There are new alliances in the logistics ed into the future. On the other hand, we were thing unexpected happens, they can hand over the controls to a human sector as well. Which important players looking at developments — including delivery being. Of course it’s a robot, but basically it’s a whole concept. The idea Mr. Clausen, you’ve calculated that robots you seeing are on the market? robots — that didn’t exist last year. The factors was not to build a robot but to develop a service concept. could deliver around 400 million packages CLAUSEN: Amazon is an online retailer that is increasingly evolving into a that are changing the last mile and the solu- CLAUSEN: Delivery robots are a response to a demand orientation and the a year in Germany. How did you reach this technology and logistics company. And Starship Technologies, for exam- tions for dealing with it are the framework con- call for greater flexibility in terms of time. We’re dealing with consumer figure? ple, is a startup that is developing a service and a technological device ditions prevalent in large cities. They include air behaviour that is not evenly distributed throughout the day. The utilization CLAUSEN: We tried to estimate the size of the around an idea, or simply a need, and expanding it holistically. Here inno- pollution control, the requirements regarding of delivery robots will certainly increase in the course of an afternoon. It market. In relation to the number of households vations are driven in equal measure by knowledge and experience on the battery-electric vehicles and demand-related will not be distributed evenly over 24 hours. in Germany, which is about 40 million and in- one hand and a desire for innovation on the other. questions such as: What kind of service ideas creasing, that’s ten deliveries per year and KAARLEP: More and more multinational companies are rushing into the exist? Do people want same-day delivery? This Where, and for which goods, can these robots be used? household on average. We think that’s a realistic market. All of them want to solve the same problem: improving the deliv- is a new type of logistics that can process data CLAUSEN: It’s not efficient to send out such small robots over distances assumption in view of the continuous increase ery process during the last mile. Starship Technologies is a player that has very rapidly. of 40 or 50 kilometres. You need a certain delivery density and an infra- of online commerce. the potential to revolutionize the same-day delivery process. For this rea- KAARLEP: When we developed our delivery structure. And of course you also need acceptance by the public. As a re- son, we are entering into partnerships with strong companies such as robots, two aspects were important. We had sult, a number of questions definitely have to be addressed before delivery What kind of infrastructure is needed in or- Daimler in order to develop innovative delivery concepts together. a team that had developed robots tasked robots can be put into regular service. der to have robots deliver goods? CLAUSEN: Cross-sector cooperation is certainly the key to a state-of-the- with collecting and returning planetary soil sam- KAARLEP: In our studies of public acceptance, we found out something KAARLEP: Our concept involves having a flexi- art concept of transportation and logistics. In many cases, the transport ples for the NASA contest “NASA Centennial amazing during our field trials. Between 80 and 90 per cent of people ac- ble area where we can store a large number of systems for goods and passengers use the same infrastructure, but peo- tually completely ignore the robots. And the people who give them a sec- robots and recharge their batteries, and from ple think about them and develop them separately. As transport logistics ond look react surprisingly positively. Our robots can transport payloads where they can be sent out to deliver goods. specialists, we want to address these topics more systematically. weighing up to ten kilograms. They deliver packages, food and ordered This can be a fixed area or a changing one, but it meals. These are the three areas we’re working on at the moment. needs very little specific equipment.

50 51 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY SMART REGIONS

USING INSTEAD OF OWNING Copenhagen aims to become the world’s first climate-neutral capital city by 2025. How does it intend to do that? Without bans or preaching, by means of GREEN MOBILITY. And by offering road traffic options that no one can refuse

TEXT: CLEMENS BOMSDORF

52 EVENTS Photo: Getty Images DRIVING MOBILITY SMART REGIONS

The Cykelslangen (“bicycle snake”) is a 190-metre-long steel bridge for bike riders across the he sky over Copenhagen is grey and harbour basin of the streets are wet, but that’s no rea- Copenhagen T son not to ride a bike. By one o’clock this afternoon, 3,721 bike riders had already pedalled between the brick City Hall and the === THE DEPUTY glass-covered façades of the headquarters of MAYOR FOR TRAFFIC the Danish employers’ association Dansk In- REFUSED AN OFFICIAL dustri on H. C. Andersens Boulevard. The number was displayed on the dark-grey infor- CAR AND CHOSE mation pylon which had been set up in the TO RIDE AN ELECTRIC square in order to show Copenhagen’s cyclists BIKE INSTEAD ==== that they are a fairly large group. One of these 3,721 cyclists was Morten Ka- bell, 46, who finished his short morning ride a few hours ago. He’s now sitting in his office, drinking tea and telling us why he always comes to work by bike. “I never need more than ten minutes to get from my home to the office,” he says. “Coming by bus would take just as long, and coming by car would take much longer, because I’d have to look for a parking space. But I don’t have a car anyhow. I ed elsewhere can be replaced. In this way, it will be possible to elimi- don’t need one!” Kabell is among the 46 per nate the same amount of CO² as will still be generated in Copenhagen cent of Copenhagen residents who go to work in spite of all its environmentally friendly measures. The main focus on foot or by bike. His office is as big as a will be on energy production — plans call for district heating and wind small apartment and has two conversation farms to be expanded. Road traffic will also play a key role. According corners. That’s because Kabell is one of the to the city’s climate plan, “grøn mobilitet” will be the second-most im- most important politicians in Denmark’s cap- portant factor on the way to CO² neutrality. It will account for 11 per ital city: he’s the deputy mayor for traffic and cent of total pollutant reduction. the environment. “I’m entitled to an official car, but I refused to have one and chose an MARKET-ECONOMY METHODS electric bicycle instead,” he says, mischie- Kabell is a member of Enhedslisten, the most leftward-leaning of vously adding, “For a short time I considered all the parties represented in the Danish parliament. He doesn’t want reserving an official car parking space for it in to force progress on the residents of Copenhagen or use moral argu- front of City Hall. But that might have been ments to get them to drive less often and in environmentally friendli- 1.2 MILLION too provocative.” er ways. Instead, he’s counting on a classic market-economy method: kilometres in total are Copenhagen has set itself the ambitious offering them better options. “We won’t be able to greatly increase the travelled by cyclists in Copenhagen every day goal of becoming the world’s first CO²-neutral proportion of city residents who commute by bicycle,” he says. “What capital city by 2025 — even though by then it we have to do now is to persuade the commuters from outside the city cling more attractive in the city centre. The city built its first Metro with tablet computers and electric drives. will have increased its population by 100,000 to use environmentally friendly forms of transportation.” Kabell adds line to supplement commuter trains and buses 15 years ago. The next One of these special bike stands is right in and its jobs by 20,000. It does not aim to gen- that it’s not so important whether the commuters decide on bicycling At most, major step will be the completion of the Cityringen (City Circle Line) front of the impressive main entrance of the erate no CO² at all. Instead, the plan is to dras- or using local public transportation. The main thing is that they leave in 2019. In the past ten years, several bridges have been built across the city’s palatial city hall. “We’ve been walking all tically decrease local emissions while at the their cars at home. According to a study by the local technical univer- harbour basin for pedestrians and cyclists. Some of these bridges have over the city for four days now, but today we same time producing so much green energy sity, the proportion of Copenhagen residents who commute to work 600 drastically shortened the routes between various parts of the city. The wanted to ride bikes — especially because I’d that pollution-generating power plants locat- by car has fallen from 36 to 28 per cent in the past decade. However, METRES most important cycle paths have been widened considerably; some of love to ride an electric bicycle,” says Max Her- the figure for commuters from the surrounding region has remained — that’s how far 85% them are now up to five meters wide. Along many stretches, cyclists mans from Brussels, who is visiting Copenha- stable at more than 50 per cent. of Copenhagen’s can ride abreast and still be passed easily. At intersections there are gen for a few days with his girlfriend. He’s al- inhabitants will be living “We want to make it easy for people to switch to emission-free even separate lanes so that bike traffic can proceed more smoothly. ready sitting on one of the white bicycles, from a Metro station modes of transportation,” says Kabell. The options-based approach when the Cityringen is At about 100 points throughout the city, there are not only ordi- which can be seen all over the city on sunny

has already succeeded in making local public transportation and cy- completed in 2019 Rasmus Hjortshøj — Coast Studio Photos: Kristian Ridder-Nielsen, nary bike stands but also stands for ultramodern rental bikes equipped days, and is typing on the tablet in order to rent

54 55 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY Street with cycle path SMART REGIONS

Green cycle path1

Bicycle highway2

Cycling possible Commuter train ===== SEVERAL BRIDGES FOR CYCLISTS HAVE BEEN her living-room window every four minutes. The Regional train BUILT ACROSS THE HARBOUR BASIN. next stop is only a few hundred metres away. “What I like best is riding my bike to work. I can Metro station SOME OF THESE BRIDGES HAVE DRASTICALLY get there in 13 minutes,” says Damevska. She Electrical SHORTENED THE ROUTES BETWEEN VARIOUS loves the route: “It takes me through a park charging station PARTS OF THE CITY ======where I sometimes see horseback riders. Once I even saw a deer. Then I cross a bridge across the harbour basin, and I’m already at work. When I post photos of my route to work, my friends abroad are always thrilled. They can hardly ing increasingly converted to sustainable drive systems such as those believe I live in a big city.” fuelled with biogas. If you look carefully, you can spot the low-emission Today, however, she has taken the train to models on the city streets. Their roofs are somewhat higher than those of work because of the strong winds, even normal buses, because of the need to accommodate more complex tech- though the train ride takes twice as long as nology. Copenhagen has formed an alliance with northern European cities taking a bicycle because it’s not direct. “It’s so such as Hamburg in order to persuade automakers to offer rubbish trucks relaxing to take public transportation that and snowploughs with alternative drive systems as well. “We’re a small cus- we really don’t need a car,” she says. But tomer if we operate alone, but if we pool our demand we can achieve some- when the weather allows, she always prefers thing,” says Morten Kabell. Starting in the spring of 2017, just under 80 per to take her bike, for reasons that don’t turn cent of the cars used by Copenhagen’s municipal departments will have up in any urban planning booklet: “As a electric drive systems. working mother, I sometimes don’t have very much leisure time. It wouldn’t be easy ANALYSING TRAFFIC DENSITY to do sports once a week. But riding my bike Of course the city cannot ban every vehicle that uses fossil fuels, but almost half an hour every day more than makes by means of IT and “smart city” solutions it can reduce emissions. For up the difference.” example, the municipality is experimenting with special cameras that analyse the type and density of traffic and then adjust the traffic lights so that buses, for example, need to stop as few times as possible.

1 A safe cycle path network separate from the heavily travelled roads 2 Fast, comfortable bike routes in and around Copenhagen This ensures that local public transport operates more quickly. This year the city is testing a system in which truck drivers are told via app exactly what speed they must maintain in order to benefit from phased traffic lights. “Making fewer stops significantly reduces the the bike. “It’s really impressive to see how well everything is organized here. emissions of heavy goods vehicles. That benefits all of our inhabitants, If I lived here I’d also be constantly riding a bike,” says his partner, Mathilde and it also makes Copenhagen more attractive,” says Kabell. Nottebaert. Until a few years ago, Copenhagen had bikes that could be bor- In Copenhagen there’s a tradition of urban planning that focuses rowed by using a coin or chip, just like a supermarket trolley. They weren’t Transport, Copenhagen occupies second place, on people rather than cars. This was demonstrated to an audience of very comfortable to ride, but they didn’t cost anything, and for that reason right behind top-ranking Zurich. “Copenhagen is international experts at this year’s Venice Biennale, which includes they were sometimes simply abandoned in a park. The new snow-white way out in front when it comes to bicycle traffic, what is arguably the world’s leading international architecture exhibi- bikes must be saved from such a fate, so each rider has to register with his and also in terms of its local public transport tion. In one room of the Danish pavilion, visitors could watch a video or her full name and park the bike in one of the special bike stands. network, which is being expanded very ambi- installation in which the renowned urban planner Jan Gehl explains 63 Unfortunately, the expensive technology still has some flaws. The tiously with the new Metro line,” says Arne how he redirected Copenhagen’s focus from cars to people. Gehl has PER CENT display of Nottebaert’s bike is not reacting, because it’s wet. Mean- Fellermann, a traffic expert who works for the also helped to transform New York’s Times Square from a traditional of Copenhagen’s inhabitants ride while, her partner is trying to enter his credit card number into the German Federation for the Environment and inner-city traffic hub to a meeting point for people. In the room oppo- bicycles system for his bike, but the system isn’t creating a connection. None- Nature Conservation (BUND), which prepares site, visitors could see hundreds of architectural models, including WILDFOX RUNNING theless, user figures indicate that the bicycles usually work. In 2016, this ranking in Germany. Berlin is the top / some that showed how Copenhagen has become more human-cen- people used the rental bikes for almost a million rides. “We’ll just have German city in the rankings, taking fifth tred and environmentally friendly in past years — especially thanks to In less than to go on walking,” says Nottebaert calmly before telling us what makes place, followed by Stuttgart in sixth place and the Metro and the many new bicycle bridges. so many people back in Brussels reluctant to ride bicycles: “In Brussels Düsseldorf in 12th. “Of course I’m glad to see how much it benefits the environment if you always have to make way for the cars, and the air is incredibly pol- Fellermann also praises Copenhagen’s we go to work every morning by bike or commuter train,” says Nadica 15 luted — so it’s no wonder that many people prefer to travel by car.” strict emissions thresholds for trucks coming Damevska, a store manager at Starbucks. “But honestly, for me that’s MINUTES, In the European City Ranking 2015 Best Practices for Clean Air in Urban into the city, though he does criticize the fact only a secondary effect. I do it because it’s so much more pleasant 90% of Copenhagen’s Copenhagen is converting its that Danish law does not permit the setting than driving a car.” Damevska lives with her husband and daughter in inhabitants can reach a local public transport system to park, a beach or a of emission limits for cars. In another positive de- the new district of Ørestad, which can now be reached via a new extension vehicles with sustainable drive

swimming pool velopment, Copenhagen’s public buses are be- Carolin Eitel Photo: Kristian Ridder-Nielsen, of the Metro network. During rush hours, the driverless trains glide past systems, such as electric buses

56 57 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY OUTRO

PARTNERS AND SUPPORTERS WE NEED TO TALK… AT A GLANCE DR. MATTHIAS SCHUBERT

Dr. Matthias Schubert, Executive Vice President of Mobility, is convinced that TÜV RHEINLAND will play a crucial role as an independent third party in the future field of digital mobility

TEXT: ISABELL SPILKER

1. You recently assumed the position of Executive Vice President of Mobility. How do you plan to prepare this business unit for the future? We have very well-trained employees who are extremely motivated. I want to work with them to enhance our business. Exciting potentials are being created because our customers and their demands on our services are rapidly changing. Moreover, new challenges are arising as a result of digitalization, autonomous driving and electric mobility. We need new kinds of organization, new partnerships and a lot of creativity in order to develop the services of tomorrow. DR. MATTHIAS SCHUBERT 2. Your predecessor turned the inspection department into the globally operating Mobility business has a Ph.D. in unit. Do you plan to continue along this path? business administra- Yes, certainly, and at full speed! There any many ways to make mobility safer and more resource-friendly — tion. Since April 2017 he has been the ways that enable us to internationally contribute the experience we’ve gained in recent decades. Executive Vice President of Mobility 3. One of the areas that TÜV Rheinland Mobility is focusing on is the digitalization of the inspection at TÜV Rheinland AG. Before joining TÜV, process. Will it soon make TÜV inspectors redundant? Schubert worked for It certainly won’t, but the profession will change nonetheless. In future, mobility will be driven by data, smart Michelin, Euromaster sensors and connectivity. Safety issues, data integrity and the interaction between people and technology are and other companies of crucial importance. We will play a key role in this area because we are an independent third party.

4. TÜV Rheinland also supervises the driving tests in its area. How will such tests be conducted in an age of autonomous driving? Drivers must always be able to take control of their vehicles, even in an age of autonomous driving. This means that drivers need to have the skills needed to steer a vehicle and operate the wide variety of assistance systems. Driver training and driving tests will continue to develop and change in the future. We are working together with everyone involved in these matters in order to promote traffic safety. Imprint Publishing house and Editor-in-Chief Copy Desk 5. You have three children. How do you explain the future of mobility to them? editorial address Michael Hopp Sebastian Schulin HOFFMANN UND CAMPE X, a For one thing, I try to get them enthusiastic about the achievements of today’s mobility. Freedom and Publisher brand of the HOFFMANN UND Art Director Translation democracy should not be taken for granted, and they are inseparably linked to the mobility of people and Messe Frankfurt Exhibition CAMPE VERLAG GmbH Michèle Hofmann TransForm GmbH, Cologne goods. I hope that this won’t change much in the future. I tell my kids that Mum and Dad won’t have to drive Harvestehuder Weg 42, them to hockey practice in the future, because the car will do this on its own. Responsible under press law 20149 Hamburg, Germany. Picture Editors Production Michael Johannes, District Court Hamburg, HRB Bernd Dinkel, Claudia Gossmann Claude Hellweg Head of 81308. Headquarters: Hamburg Mobility & Logistics Editorial Assistants Lithography Executive Board Heinz-Jürgen Köhler (Textchef), EINSATZ Creative Production Coordination Christian Backen Joachim Becker, Clemens Boms- GmbH & Co. KG Dr. Ann-Katrin Klusak, Alexander Uebel dorf, Chris Elster, Thomas Fromm, Claudia Cermak Michael Radunski, Michael Seitz, Printing Publication Manager and Isabell Spilker, Anja Steinbuch, NEEF + STUMME premium Managing Editor Sabrina Waffenschmidt printing GmbH & Co. KG Kaja Eilers Photos: Selina Pfrüner, Shutterstock (2) Photos: Selina Pfrüner,

58 59 EVENTS EVENTS DRIVING MOBILITY DRIVING MOBILITY Mobility & Logistics

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