ANNUAL REPORT 1996-97

National Institute of Oceanography Goa, India ANNUAL REPORT 1996-97 CONTENTS

(5) Director's Report (6) Highlights (7) Contract Services (10) Coastal Environment (15) Engineering, Techniques & Technology (19) Offshore Processes & Resources (30) Bilateral Programmes (34) Data, Information & Scientific Services

Appendices (36) Scientific Cruises (39) Workshops/Seminars/Meetings (42) Awards & Honours (44) Council Members & Staff on Committees (47) Deputations (50) Visitors (53) Human Resources & Finances (55) Patents & Publications (60) Staff List

Director's Report

The year 1996-97 was the last it will I am sure be obvious for year of the VIII Plan. In the past, all others soon. Our IX Plan the start of plan periods used exercise and the ensuing projects to be times when usually (though reflect this focus. not always) old projects were retitled, milestones, SWOT The emergence of the coastal analysis and other project zone as critical to our future monitoring tools were human settlement patterns and incorporated, and proposals for industrialisation, was a boon to large grants were forcefully our industrial rupee earnings. It presented. We took a different also highlighted the larger roles tack this year - by having "open our national laboratory has to week" for IX Plan projects and play in providing advisories to The valiant, almost missionary zeal, succeeding in forging some multi- concerned ministries, modelling with which a two member group disciplinary projects. This and satellite imageries in is working to get the institute to exercise, and other associated predictive and monitoring adopt quality methods, has the "restructuring" was no whim. The situations, and the importance hallmark of the beginning of a recently enunciated Vision 2001 of proactive research in devising cultural change. Their success is by Dr. Mashelkar with its various mitigation techniques to the critical to our survival in the milestones, could only be inevitable onslaught of competitive days ahead, and I am realised by a fresh look at industrialisation. Our IX Plan sure that we will begin to roll before ourselves and the way we did projects incorporate these new they run out of enthusiasm. research. It was to a degree roles for us as a national institute. unsettling as well. In this A sobering thought was our Director's report I will avoid Our first dollar earnings from response to Dr. Mashelkar's New restating the "highlights" of the the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) Ideas Fund encouraging new, year, but will dwell instead on for environmental services innovative even crazy ideas. Our interpreting important events emphasised the wider economic response could have been better which are factually reported in forces at play and the fine job especially since we have a funding fine print in the pages inside. the institute did in this project crunch and need external funding. was an encouraging indicator An analysis of our publications that marketing such services We have expressed some bold showed that while the absolute further afield may prove important initiatives for the Year numbers were going down, the profitable. of the Ocean -1998. It is important quality of the average paper was to succeed in this venture, because The "welcome mat" policy in getting increasingly better. In of the multiple benefits that we hosting international meetings, order to capitalise on this will reap - nationally, regionally workshops, seminars and improving trend, the importance and internationally. symposia gave us exposure to of process studies involving the many facets of oceanography The year gone by has been multiple disciplines was an in other parts of the globe, was internally stressful as it has obvious next step. The new titles a reassuring indicator not only challenged many concepts of and objectives consequent to of the ease with which projects, leaders, hierarchy and "Project Open Week" are written oceanographers are able to empowerment of the working level up and we now need only to communicate and forge scientist. I am sure however that follow the spirit of the exercise. international programmes, but we will approach the IX Plan with I am sure we will. also that our own were held at that resilience for which our Understanding processes, the some level of esteem in the scientists are noted, by asking "So focus of oceanography today, community. We need now to what's new?" is equally important in practise more vigorously all the management - either in project multi-disciplinary approaches that team building or in routine we know are being woven into administration. The idea has oceanographic programmes germinated in a few key areas - abroad. Ehrlich Desa Highlights

• Studies on the mechanisms of N O Coastal Environment • Abnormal variations in a CTD profile in 2 the Andaman Sea were observed production in the upwelling zones • Continuous observations over 15 during Cruise SK118. The temperature precludes nitrification as the major months in the nearshore waters off fell by 4°C while salinity decreased by process responsible for N2O production. Mumbai showed the peak zooplankton 35 psu possibly due to tidal solition. • High concentration of N O and partial production after the monsoons and high 2 pressure of CO (upto 62.5 nM and 700 phytoplankton production during the • Based on the study of a 170 cm long 2 μatm respectively) were off SW Indian monsoon. Omnivores dominated the shallow water sediment core (from 22 coast during summer monsoon. These zooplankton community showing a m), the paleomonsoonal history of the are the highest recorded for any partial influence by high fluxes of last 2500 years has been recon- oceanic surface waters. This reinforces anthropogenic pollutants from the structed. Increased precipitation is the view that the coastal eastern interior of the creek system. found to be around 1705 AD and 300 BC and dry climatic conditions around boundary upwelling serve as significant • Underwater explorations off Poompuhar 1565, 1355,1075 & 305 AD. source of greenhouse gases, particu- revealed heavily eroded irregular stone larly N2O. blocks at depths of 5-15 m. Airlift • High-resolution shallow seismic • Under JGOFS, we observed higher operations indicated presence of more reflection data from the continental concentrations of Transparent such blocks in deeper sediments. shelf sediments off western India from Exopolymer Particles (TEPs) in areas 10°-22°N revealed anomalous seismic of upwelling in the Arabian Sea than in signatures of acoustic maskings of the Bay of Bengal. Despite the Engineering & Technology methane rich horizons. Potential negative relation between TEPs and subsurface methane estimates in this • Directional wave measurements made nitrate deficit, an average TEP concen- gas charged area are of the order -1 in 15 m water depth off Nagapattinam tration of ~ 10 mg I in the Arabian Sea of 2.6 Tg. during the monsoon and fair weather oxygen minimum zone indicates that seasons indicated that the spreading • Evidences of recent volcano- TEPs provide more than enough parameter could be estimated from the hydrothermal activity were recorded in organic carbon to sustain bacterial significant wave height and period the Central Indian Basin (CIB) previ- activities in the denitrifying layer. corresponding to maximum spectral ously considered to be inactive. • Close grid bathymetric surveys and energy without relating to wind analysis of nodules carried out under conditions. • The ferromanganese crust dredged from the summit of the Afanasiy-Nikitin Indian Deepsea Experiment (INDEX) to • Knowhow to prepare liquid biofertilizer seamount in the North Central Indian augment data on likely input due to from seaweeds was transferred to M/s Ocean provided evidence that the area mining in the Central Indian Basin led to Pralsher Bio-Products Ltd., Curchorem, was exposed to the subaerial the identification of test and references Goa. Application of this fertilizer conditions during the Oligocene areas. increases the yield of horticultural and (~30 Ma) global sealevel drop. agricultural plants besides enhancing overall growth and disease resistance. • Continued studies on neotectonic activity over southern part of ECMI with high resolution sparker data along two Offshore Processes E-W tending lineaments off Madras and • Analysis of XBT data from the tropical Nagapattanam provided evidence of Indian Ocean revealed the presence of recent tectonic activity. a narrow equatorial flow between 2°N • Opposing trends were observed in the and 2°S with changing direction at isotopic composition of 15N and 18O of semi-annual cycle. N2O in upwelled waters with modest • Analysis of 21 years data on SST departures from the tropospheric anomalies in the region 0-5°N and 80- values, these indicate that the ocean- 85°E (acquired from UK Meteorological atmosphere exchange cannot counter Office) showed that the Indian monsoon inputs of heavier isotopes associated shows a positive relationship with the with the stratospheric back flux, calling SST anomalies of October and Novem- for additional sources and/or sinks of

ber of the previous year N2O in the atmosphere.

6 Contract Services

The favourable industrial and investment Two projects, of possible future importance 2. The Gas Authority of India interest in the climate in the country catalysed the start of to the Institute were started this year: gas hydrates potential in offshore waters many green field industries in the chemical, fitted us admirably as it utilised our core 1. The India Oil Corporation proposed joint petroleum and power sectors. The Institute competancies in geophysical research in a venture port with the Kuwait Oil Corpora- provided services in the form of consultan- proactive mode. With increasing pressures tion at Paradip in Orissa brought us our cies for pre-feasibility studies and in the to remain commercially competitive, this first foreign exchange earnings. This could form of contracted data collection and project was a showcase of collaboration become an important trend considering the analyses for full marine environmental between a research lab and industry. large number of joint ventures power impact assessment reports. The earnings projects expected to be set up in the next These and similar projects are what we accruing from these services continued to few years. see as fore-runners of the next era of show an increasing trend and the commer- environmental impact assessment cial rupees earned crossed Rs. 11 crores - programmes. a 22% increase over the 1995-96 figures. Industrial activity in the Gulf of Kachchh continued increasing and we undertook 5 projects there, some in environmentally sensitive ecosystems, of corals and mangroves. The cumulative data sets from different surveys in this area should allow us in the near future to compute the additive effects from contiguously situated industries and make suggestions for effective monitoring and mitigation measures.

Ongoing projects in different coastal states

Budget vis-a-vis External Cash Flow (ECF) Contract Projects - areawise (Rs. in Crores)

7 Projects Undertaken

Title Sponsoring Agency

A.. Sponsored & Consultancy 1. Environmental Impact Assessment • EIA for branch pipeline from BHR to Budge Budge. Engineers India Ltd., Haryana • Rapid and detailed marine EIA for proposed Ro-Ro/Lo-Lo Reliance Petroleum Ltd., Mumbai. of RPL in path finder (Gulf of Kachchh) (Two projects). • Environmental impact assessment of Amba estuary. Indian Petro Chemicals Ltd., Nagothane. • Numerical models studies for refinery at Moti Khavdi. Reliance Industries Ltd., Mumbai. • Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment of effluents from GACL Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd. Vadodara complex at Dahej. • Performance evaluation of subsurface wastewater outfall of Atul Products Ltd., Gujarat Atul Complex in Par estuary. • Rapid marine EIA of offshore coal terminal, coal jetty, conveyer SPIC Electric Power Corporation, Chennai. system & lighterage operations for SPIC, Chennai. • Oceanographic studies for the marine disposal of treated industrial SPIC Petrochemicals Ltd., Chennai effluent off Chennai coast (Three projects). • Detailed marine environmental impact assessment of release Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd. Vadodara. of effluents from GACL complex at Dahej. • Environmental impact assessment studies at Positra I & II, Bedi Port Gujarat Maritime Board, Ahmedabad. and nearby regions in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat. • Study of flora and fauna in the BPT area. Bombay Port Trust, Mumbai. • EIA for proposed jetty expansion at Dharamtar creek. Tata Risk Management Services, Mumbai. • EIA & risk analysis studies for SPM, Jetties etc. for Eastern India Refinery Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., New Delhi. Project (EIRP) at Paradip, Orissa (Four projects). • Studies for ensuring compliance to marine environmental requirements Reliance Petroleum Ltd., Mumbai. related to the construction of RPL's marine facilities. • Marine EIA for effluent discharge. Trisakthi Energy Pvt., Ltd., Chennai. • EIA & Management Plan (marine-riverine site) for Birla - Cellulosic Birla Cellulosic Co. Ltd., Gujarat. Company Ltd. (Three projects). • Environmental impact assessment off Positra point (Three projects). Gujarat Maritime Board, Ahmedabad. • Marine EIA for a proposed port at Bedi. Gujarat Maritime Board, Ahmedabad. • Marine EIA for the proposed port complex at Dahej. Gujarat Maritime Board, Ahmedabad. • Oceanographic & Environmental studies for the water intake and effluent Nagarjuna Power Corporation Ltd., Mangalore. discharge for Nagarjuna Power Corporation, Mangalore. • Marine Environmental impact assessment studies for the sea water Indian Power Projects Ltd., Chennai. intake and warm water discharge off Vembar, near Tuticorin, Tamilnadu (Two projects). • EIA Studies for Congentrix project (Three projects). Mangalore Power Co., Bangalore. • Marine environmental impact assessment for proposed single point Bharat Oman Refineries Ltd., Mumbai. mooring (SPM), sub-sea/onshore pipeline. • Marine EIA for proposed product pipeline of RIL between Sikka and Reliance Petroleum Ltd., Mumbai. Kandla (Gulf of Kachch) and associated facilities. • Marine EIA & Management Plan for TIDC, Ennore Tamilnadu Industrial Development Corporation, (Three projects). Chennai. • Environmental impact assessment for proposed Offshore Stockyard Mormugao Maritime Ltd., Goa. & berth project (Two projects). • Oceanographic & environmental studies for water intake and effluent Nagarjuna Power Corporation Ltd., Mangalore. discharge for 2x500 MW coal fired thermal power project.

2. Geological and Geophysical surveys • Preliminary assessment on the dredging of river mouths of Goa. Government of Goa. • Feasibility studies for a beach resort at Arambol, Goa. ITC Hotels Ltd., New Delhi. • Interpretation of seismic records of 85°E Ridge for hydrate evidence. Gas Authority of India Ltd., New Delhi.

8 Title Sponsoring Agency

• Stability of breakwater sections at Jaighad, Agargule, Vijaydurg Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai. and Redi ports. • Preparation of Gas hydrates resource map of India. Gas Authority of India Ltd., New Delhi. • Bathymetric and seabed surveys for proposed all weather ports at Maharashtra Maritime Board, Mumbai. Reddi, Vijayadurga & Agargule. • Erosional trends along the sea coast off Jafarabad. Narmada Cement Co. Ltd., Gujarat. • Bathymetric and seabed surveys for proposed submarine pipeline Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara. route off Dahej, (Ph. I & II). • Post-lay survey for submarine pipeline route off Dahej (Ph. III). Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara. • Bathymetric surveys in Nagarjuna lake. Naval Science & Technology Lab., Visakhapatnam. • Bathymetric and seabed surveys for Birla Cellulosic Company Ltd., Gujarat Birla Cellulosic Co. Ltd., Gujarat. • Bathymetric and seabed studies for effluent submarine pipeline route off Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara. Dahej (Ph. I)

3. Engineering • Engineering consultancy for construction of a jetty at Ambolgarh Bay. Dempo Engineering Works Ltd., Goa. • Engineering consultancy for sea water intake and outfall structure locations. Dabhol Power Co., Mumbai. • Current and tide measurements for design of pipeline from Jamnagar Reliance Petroleum Ltd., Mumbai. to Kandla route. • Directional wave measurements at Chilka mouth. Government of Orissa. • Oceanographic studies for the development of ports at Redi, Vijaydurg and Agargule. Maharashtra Maritime Board, Mumbai. • Engineering design for the location of warm water discharge into the sea off Visakhapatnam. Masula Marine Services, Visakhapatnam. • Directional wave measurements off Vembar, near Tuticorin, Tamilnadu. Indian Power Projects Ltd., Chennai. • Float tracking studies off Mormugao. Mormugao Maritime Ltd., Goa. • Engineering design review of submarine effluent pipeline of GACL. Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara. 4. Miscellaneous • Chemical analyses of soil and ground water samples for major and Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Margao, Goa. minor elements. • Chemical and textural analysis of seabed samples from areas around Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Mumbai. offshore installations. • The Goa eco-villages project. International Ocean Institute, Malta. • Underwater inspection of well. Public Works Department, Goa. • Ecological studies of flora and fauna for a HPCL virtual jetty at Kandla Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Mumbai. • Underwater search surveys off Mumbai. Directorate of Revenue & Intelligence, New Delhi. • Evaluation of one chemical constituents MAC-22 for its suitability Streamline Shipping Co. Ltd., Mumbai. to Indian marine environment.

B. Grant-in-Aid • Establishment of Information Centre on Marine Sciences at NIO, Goa. Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. • Production of polysaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by marine micro-organisms Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi. particularly thraustochytrid fungi and their use in aquaculture diets. • Underwater exploration off Poompuhar - Tamilnadu coast. Government of Tamilnadu, Chennai. • Maintenance of tide station at Mormugao. Survey of India, Dehra Dun. • Environmental impact assessment study in the pioneer area of CIOB. Department of Ocean Development, New Delhi. • Establishing an Indian National Oceanographic Internet Server (INOIS). Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. • EIA Study in the pioneer area of CIOB with the help of chartered ship Department of Ocean Development, MV AA Sidorenko during 1996-97. New Delhi. • Evaluation of Horse-shoe crab for the presence of antifouling compounds. Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi.

9 Coastal Environment

• Environmental Impact Assessment • Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System • Coastal and Estuarine Dynamics • Biodiversity and Biomedical Potential • Marine Archaeology

Environmental Impact Assessment

Shallow water mining 22 samples from 11 stations we observed concentration of zinc The possible environmental 2.2 - 5.0 μg/g and cadmium 0.07- impact of shallow water mining 0.06 μg/g of placer deposits off Chavara (Kerala) was studied. The In another such survey in Pulicat average current, in general, was backwaters and Ennur estuary greater in April than in other we noticed high values for months. In all seasons the phosphate and ammonia during surface current speed varied low tide. The suspended load between 1 and 49 cm/s and the was high in Pulicat backwaters. bottom current between 1 and In general, the southern arm of 35 cm/s. The tide progresses the estuary appeared polluted along the coast from north to due to the discharge of effluents south in this area. The direction from industries. and speed of the residual currents varied with season, depth and location. In general, the residual current direction at the bottom was towards south- southeast during November, January and April. But during April-May it was towards south at all stations at the surface as well as bottom.

Industrial effluents In similar studies to assess the impact due to effluent discharge from a chemical industry and jetty construction in two locations in the state of Gujarat, sampling was done at Kharach and Positra. The baseline data was collected on water quality parameters, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and trace metals. In addition, sediment and fish samples were also collected for rnetal content analysis. In our first analyses of EIA projects in operation along coastal states.

10 Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System

West coast levels of oxygen in the bottom waters could be due to the Goa-Mangalore-Alleppy sections eastward spreading of the water layer containing primary nitrite Under this long term programme maximum in the Arabian Sea. funded by the Department of Ocean Development, observa- Samples collected at transects tions were made at 8 transects off Goa, Ratnagiri, Malvan, between Mormugao and Karwar and Mangalore were Mangalore. The observations analysed for Cd, Pb and Hg. included salinity, dissolved The suspended paniculate oxygen, suspended particulate matter (SPM) values were low in matter and concentrations of general (<30 mg/l) except at heavy metals - Cd, Pb and Hg. Zuari possibly due to The dissolved oxygen concen- resuspension of sediments tration was generally high in during low tide. surface waters but bottom waters showed low levels in the Cadmium and lead did not show northern transects. These low any abnormal values whereas oxygen bottom waters were mercury was slightly higher off associated with relatively high Karwar (50 ng/l-150 ng/l), nutrients, especially nitrite off Between the Mangalore and Ratnagiri (6.5 μrnol/l), probably Alleppey the environmental due to the residual effect of parameters observed were monsoonal upwelling along this within levels encountered for coast, by which oxygen depleted other coastal waters, but fairly nutrient rich waters from high oxidising conditions were intermediate depths in the found with low values of BOD, Arabian Sea are brought to the indicative of organic pollution. surface near the coasts. This is Among the zooplankton species, confirmed from the observed copepods dominated and the values of oxygen and nutrients density of benthic organisms which indicate that the presence were highest at Calicut and of nitrite associated with low lowest at Kasargod. The heterotrophic bacterial population showed a high incidence in sediments, indicative of the nutritional status of the ecosystem. Among the indicator bacteria group only coliforms occurred regularly suggesting the faecal contamination of the area.

Mumbai waters The nearshore waters sustain a rich and diverse zooplankton fauna. Continuous observations for a period of 15 months - indicated peak production of zooplankton during the postmonsoon period and high production of phytoplankton Map showing COMAPS network. during the monsoon period

11 average cell count (28 x 105 r -1). through periodic moulting. The Of the forty two species, Acartia levels of concentration of metals spinicauda dominated the in crabs and shrimps in this area copepod community. Four was high, but within the pre- species of chaetognaths were scribed limits for consumption. found in the area with predominance of Sagitta bedoti. East Coast Among the penaeid larvae Metapenaeus affinis was the Gautami-Godavari most common species. Population of omnivores Hydrobiological studies in the dominated the zooplankton Gautami - Godavari estuarine community. This appears to be system showed that 20% of partially influenced by the high inorganic phosphate and total fluxes of anthropogenic phosphorus was added to the pollutants reaching the coastal estuary during the pre- and post- waters from the interior creek monsoon seasons. However, system. during postmonsoon period total nitrogen showed a near con- Metals in zooplankton servative distribution while geochemical processes removed Among different metals studied 13% of nitrate. During the in the zooplankton community, postmonsoon period, Cu and Zn contributed 60-90% phytoplankton counts were of the total elements accumu- higher in the estuarine region lated, in general, concentration than in the coastal regions, of Zn was higher than Cu in whereas a reverse trend was different groups, with levels of Zn observed in the premonsoon in polluted locations being twice period. higher than the outer zone. The maximum concentrations of Based on the mixing characteris- metals was observed in gelati- tics and flow pattern, the estuary nous organisms which included behaves as (i) well stratified a variety of carnivores. Metal during NE monsoon, (ii) moder- concentration in copepods was ately stratified in postmonsoon lower than carnivores, with the and (iii) partially mixed in lowest concentrations of metals premonsoon seasons. in decapods probably because of the effective elimination of a part of the concentrated metal

Coastal and Estuarine Dynamics

Modelling for pipeline design Using a software package TIDAL the tidal circulation in the Gulf of Time series measurements of Kutch was simulated. An open currents, tides and bottom boundary was selected along the temperature were carried out off Okha point. The model output of Sikka and off Mundra in the Gulf current components and tidal of Kutch for 35 days from June- height were compared with the July 1996 using both DCM-12 currents and water elevation and RCM-4 current meters. measured using DCM-12 current There was no noticeable vertical meter off Sikka and Mundra. The shear except during the time of model results showed good strong winds when the currents agreement with the measured at the uppermost level were values. higher. Biodiversity and Biomedical Potential

Biodiversity diversity of the population, Baypore estuary ranked first; Planktonic foraminifera off the Blackfordia virginica, Eutima Kerala coast commensalis, Eirene cylonensis, Twenty-eight species of plank- Phialidium hemisphacricum and tonic foraminifera were recorded P. brunescens were the from 46 plankton samples commonly occuring species. collected from 27 stations of 5 Ostronmovia inkermanica was traverses along the Kerala coast. recorded from Mumbai estuarine The mean abundance of total system. Salinity was found to be foraminiferal specimens of all the limiting factor for the growth stations in each traverse showed and activity of hydromedusae. an increase from south to north. Two distinct foraminiferal Biomedical potential assemblages were noted - (i) a summer tropical one typified by Investigations on this national species such as Globigerinella project for development of new aequilateralis, Globigerinoides and safe drugs from the marine Marine organisms screened for bioactivity. conglobatus, G. ruber and G. environment was continued. sacculifer, (ii) a summer tropical Major emphasis was laid on the upwelling assemblage formed by isolation of active constituents species, viz.Globigerina from a mangrove (NIO-450). bulloides and Neogloboquadrina Fifteen new extracts and earlier dutertrei. The spinose species of promising fractions were sent to the genus - Globigerinoides - participating laboratories for were the most abundant. testing for specific activities.

The fauna in general is similar to that of the western Sargasso Gorgonian NIO-484 Sea and western north Atlantic in that it is characterised by Tricyclic sesquiterpenoid, summer species such as G. subergorgic acid, having potent ruber, G. sacculifer, G. cardiotoxicity (Fenical, et al., conglobatus, G. aequilateralis, 1985) and its hydroxy, acetoxy O. universe and H. pelagica, but analogs along with a novel differs in having G. sacculifer as polyhydroxy sterol were isolated. the most abundant species in Structural investigation of the lieu of G. ruber. sterol is in progress.

Soft coral NIO-488 Species diversity in hydromedusae Chemical studies of methylene chloride fraction of this soft coral A comparative study was made yielded several sterols in of species diversity, abundance addition to fatty acids and their and distribution of methyl esters reported earlier. hydromedusae from different The sterols included 24 methyl estuarine systems of the west and ethyl cholesterol, 24 coast of India. Maximum species methylene cholesterol, 24 diversity (345 species) was methylene 8 dehydro choles- observed from Mumbai harbour terol, 24 methylene 5, 8 diene- and Thane Bassein estuarine 3B-01,24 methylene-5, 22-diene- complex. Cochin backwaters 3B, 7B-ol. All these compounds had 22 species and Baypore were characterised using estuary had only 6 species. In spectroscopic techniques.

13 Gorgonian NIO-496 Red alga NIO-499 Several monohydroxy sterols Detailed chemical investigation and fatty acids were isolated of this alga led to the isolation of from petroleum ether fraction 24-nor-cholest 5, 22-diene 3B-ol; 24-methylene cholesterol, 24- whereas CHCI3 fraction yielded caffeine, its 2-OMe analog. N- ethyl 5, 22, diene-3B-ol. Further methyl pyrazole carboxylic acid fractions on repeated column and 1β, 3β, 5β, 6α-tetrahydroxy chromatography gave a colour- cholestane. Caffeine had mild less crystalline solid which was antifouling properties, whereas tentatively characterised as N- its O-Me analog was devoid of substituted pyrazine derivative. this activity. Steroids from marine sponge Mangrove NIO-497 Two sponges studied contained

The crude methanolic extract of C27-29 mono and diunsaturated this mangrove exhibited antibac- sterols. One of them in addition terial activity located in butanol contained cholest-4-ene-3-one. fraction. Two compounds K006 Butyl alcohol, its higher homo- and K007 (flavonoids) isolated logue and a heteroaromatic acid, from the active fraction, have 4 methyl-pyrazole 3(5) carboxy- shown anti-bacterial activity at lic acid have been identified. The 30 mg/ml concentration against nucleoside from one species six bacteria. was found antiviral and identified as spongoadenosin or Ara-A.

Marine Archaeology

Onshore explorations of the Explorations at Puttan Thurai Tamilnadu coast and Manakudi yielded evidences Onshore archaeological explora- of habitation from the Medieval tions were carried out at period. Evidence of an ancient Ramnathpuram, Rameswaram temple was also traced at Puttan and Nagarcoil coast in Thurai. Tamilnadu for ports and ancient settlements. A mooring stone was noted at Algankulam and an Offshore Explorations in Poompuhar waters ancient port site belonging to Sangam period situated about 3 Underwater explorations off km from the seashore near Poompuhar revealed the Ramnathpuram. presence of a few stone blocks in various water depths. Airlift Another important site at operations revealed the pres- Aryangundur is situated in ence of several stone blocks in Rameswaram island. A high cliff deeper sediments. section facing sea was noticed and a lot of pottery was col- Further exploration of a ship- lected. More than two metre wreck off Poompuhar showed a deposit of human settlement with wooden hulled ship with surface remains of shell works suggests badly damaged by borers. A a port that was in service for a large number of lead ingots long period. The discovery of found there indicate that the ship Chinese pottery suggest a of Danish nationality possibly habitation of 1Oth-11th century belonged to another East India Lead ingot from Poompuhar waters (top) and wooden plank and trade contact with east. Company. from the shipwreck.

14 Engineering, Techniques & Technology

• Design Methodology for Coastal Structures • Instrumentation • Biofouling & Corrosion • Aquaculture

Design Methodology for Coastal Structures

Feasibility studies The study also showed that the Pre-feasibility study for spreading parameter can be construction of a jetty at estimated from the significant Ambolgarh, based on the wave height and wave period available data on wave climate, corresponding to maximum tides, longshore currents, spectral energy without relating sediment transport and a site to wind conditions. The unidirec- visit, was carried out. Similar tional spectra can be modelled studies were also done for using the Scott spectra. dredging of river mouths at Chapora, Sal, Saleri, Talpona Wave directional spectrum and Galjibag along the Goa Wave direction has for the first coast. Along the east coast, time been consistently, studies on the effects of accurately and unambiguously dredging to improve the salinity evaluated from array of the Chilka lake and better measurements using phase/ water exchange with the sea time/path difference methods of was carried out. Locations for Esteva (1976,1977) in case of sea water intake and warm polygonal arrays and Borgman water discharge for the (1974) in case of linear arrays. proposed power project near We have used time series Dabhol port (Maharashtra) were measurements of water surface identified. elevation at a 15-gauge polygonal array, in approximately Directional wave modelling 8 m water depth, operational at Directional wave measurement the CERC's Field Research carried out at 15 m water depth Facility (FRF) at Duck, North off Nagapattinam indicated that Carolina, USA. Two during the observation period the modifications were made in the highest significant wave height methodology. In one, we use the was about 2 m and the highest true phase instead of the maximum wave height observed apparent phase, and the was about 3.8 m. The zero estimates of wave direction are crossing wave period varied registered only if the relevant between 3 and 9 s, and wave gauges are coherent at 0.01 direction varied between 100° significance level. PTPD and 170° during SW monsoon methods assume that in a spectral frequency band, the Deployment of DCM12 Current meter and between 60° and 120° during fair weather period. waves approach from a single

15 direction - and are simple, autoregressive, moving expedient and provide average spectral estimations redundant estimates of wave are successfully applied to time direction. Our estimates of series waves with different wave direction are in agreement sampling rates. This study with the results obtained by emphasised the importance of the FRF using the sophisticated selecting a suitable sampling Interative Maximum Likelihood interval for better estimates of Estimation method, which parametric modelling and also assumes that at a frequency for better statistical band, waves can approach representation. from all directions. (Fernandes et al., 1996. Proc. Intl. Conf. in Geotechnical studies of marine Ocean Engg., IIT Madras, sediments 243-248). Undisturbed seabed sediments were collected off Chavara, off Optimal parametric modelling Tuticorin, from 35 locations off The spectral analysis of Ennore, and from several measured short waves can be beaches of Goa to study expressed by parametric models geotechnical properties in namely autoregressive or connection with dredging of moving average algorithms placer deposits, laying of which are polynomial functions. submarine pipeline and beach Further reduced-order, protection purposes.

Instrumentation

Autonomous Meteorological graphical interface. The system Data Acquisition System for supports networking capabilities coastal research vessel that can monitor data from other personal computers in the Two autonomous Meteorological network. Data Acquisition Systems for the coastal research vessel of the Remotely Operable Sea Department of Ocean Develop- Skimmer (ROSS) ment have been designed and installed on RV Sagar Paschimi ROSS is an autonomous and RV Sagar Purvi. The system unmanned vehicle designed for is based on Motorola 68332 data use in bathymetric surveys in logger to acquire surface coastal and estuarine environ- meteorological parameters such ments to complement manned as winds, air temperature, survey vessels in hazardous barometric pressure, solar environments. Two distinct radiation and relative humidity. A proofs of concept versions of the personal computer is used for ROSS hull have been conceived on-line display and storage of and implemented in the field the data. The computer is also using a theter. In ROSS version interfaced to a shipboard GPS 1, developed at the IIT Chennai, receiver for position tagging. the vehicle is a standard Ship speed and heading data catamaran hull fitted with from the GPS receiver is then stabilising skegs. In a second used to estimate true winds. patented version developed at Data acquisition software is NIO the hull is made from a free implemented to run in a windows flooding HDPE tube enclosing 3 environment to provide front-end buoyant sealed bins containing Weather station

16 batteries and electronics. A Installation of the system at detachable aluminium frame Mormugao harbour was under- bolted to a welded rib on the taken by NIO. Two sources of outer hull carries two brushless errors associated with this gauge DC thrusters. Both versions are have been investigated, namely equipped with a GPS (Global trapping of low density water and Positioning System) to measure temperature gradient in its position on the sea surface. sounding tube. These effects ROSS version 1. Additional sensors include a low were investigated by periodic cost echosounder, digital profiling of water density inside compass, temperature and a and outside of the protective well UHF radio modem. ROSS is and air temperature profile currently being developed to external to the sounding tube receive commands over the UHF and within the protective well. It link and io send acquired data to was observed that trapping the user controlling it. The effect gives rise to overestima- project is an ongoing collabora- tion of water level upto 1% of tive venture involving NIOT, tidal range at Zuari estuary, Goa. Chennai, IIT, Chennai and NIO, The error in sea level measure- Goa with funding from the ment due to temperature Department of Ocean Develop- gradient within the sounding ment, New Delhi. tube of the air acoustic gauge had been found to be maximum (5-6 cm) during summer day PVC protective wells for guided times. We have implemented a air-acoustic sea level gauges temperature correction scheme PVC protective wells for air- which partially reduces the error acoustic sea level gauges were from this source. Our studies fabricated and supplied to thus reveal that the so called Survey of India under the 'Next Generation Water Level ROSS version 2 SELMAM project. These wells Measurement System were installed at the ports of (NGWLMS)' does not provide Mormugao, Chennai and Port the desired millimeter scale Blair during April-May, 1996. accuracy.

Biofouling & Corrosion

Microfouling Anticorrosion properties of marine sponge Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and the biofilm material In our attempt to explore and on aluminium panels immersed develop anticorrosion formula- in water were analysed. The tions we made an attempt to diversity of diatom population study a marine sponge. The and that in the fouling film is not aqueous extract of this organism reflected evenly indicating that at 1.5 mg/ml concentration was recruitment of diatom cells is not found adequate to produce a fully controlled by their diversity passive steel surface. The in the water column. inhibition mechanism was Exopolymers isolated from studied by gravimetric and barnacle shells bearing bacteria potentio-dynamic techniques. and the adult extract were found Test panels for biofouling studies to promote settlement of cyprids. Aquaculture

Prawn culture Biofertilizer A pilot scale prawn hatchery and Knowhow was developed to aquaculture facility with modern prepare seaweed extract as amenities has been established, biofertiiizer to be used in under the Technology Mission agriculture and horticulture. Mode Project on "Semi-intensive The extract containing hor- Prawn Aquaculture" funded by mones, micronutrients and the Department of Biotechnol- trace metals when sprayed on ogy. The hatchery has an annual plants showed cumulative production capacity of 2 million effect such as increase in the post-larvae. The system was rate of seed germination, leaf also found to be efficient in & fruit sizes, yield and resist- breeding and culturing giant ance from insect attack. freshwater prawn Macrobarchium rosenbergii. The knowhow has been transferred to M/s Pralsher Facilities for aquaculture. Techniques for culturing larval Bioproducts Ltd., Curchorem, stages of Penaeus merguiensis Goa for commercialization. The have been developed and product is marketed by the firm perfected. Techniques have also under brand name been developed and standard- PLANTOzyme. ised for mass culturing of phytoplankton species and Artemia nauplii as prawn larval Genetic Studies feed. Isozyme analysis conducted Experiments were conducted on: on a few specimens of lantern fish (Myctophidae) collected - Respiratory metabolism in from the Indian Ocean sector juvenile Penaeus monodon; of the Antarctic Ocean indi- - Effect of salinity and pH on cated very high genetic A few stages of laboratory hatched growth of postlarval Penaeus variation in these species. horse-shoe crab (incubation - 29 merguiensis; Information on the population hrs). - Hatching performance of brine genetic structure of these shrimp; myctophids will be of vital importance for future large - Formulation of cost effective scale fishery programmes, as prawn postlarval feed well as for a more general -Antagonistic behaviour of understanding of the Antarctic phytoplankton. marine ecosystem.

Culture Technique for Horse- Very clear differentiation Shoe Crab between the two species analysed was seen at the LDH A field laboratory has been and MDH loci, could be used established at Balramgari, as reliable markers to identify Orissa. Three rearing ponds (30 these species. x 6 m) have been constructed for culturing of horse shoe crab Studies were also undertaken under captive conditions. This on the genetic divergence and will ensure the sustainable phylogenetic relationships in 3 supply of the raw material for the species of threadfin breams preparation of a diagnostic (Nemipteridae) collected from reagent (LAL). A new species Goa waters. Four isozyme loci has also been found along the were found to be reliable Paradeep coast. species specific markers.

18 Offshore Processes & Resources

• Physical Processes in the Tropical Indian Ocean • Quaternary Paleoclimate • Geology & Geophysics • Offshore Resources

Physical Processes in the Tropical Indian Ocean

Western Indian Ocean (October). The thermal structure sections further showed the presence of a Current systems and transports dome between the SECC and SEC called the "Southern The XBT data collected along tropical Indian Ocean Thermal the Mumbai-Mauritius shipping Front" (SIOTF) with its axis route during 1992-1996 under shifting poleward with depth. the TOGA-I XBT programme This front reached up to the were analysed and the SHL and shifted close to the seasonal upper layer (0-760 m) equator during the SW thermal structure, heat content monsoon. The SIOTF intensi- and zonal flow patterns were fied with large lateral gradients determined. The temperature during January-February of the surface homogeneous (southern summer). Below 200 layer (SHL) increased from m, the temperature of the 28°C to 30°C from winter to tropical Indian Ocean appeared summer while its thickness to be affected by the location of decreased from 40 to 20 m SIOTF with warmer waters to north of the equator. The slope its north and south. This frontal and spatial changes in the structure was characterised by thermocline revealed the lower heat content (in the presence of seasonally upper 760 m column) com- variable zonal current systems: pared to its northern and North Equatorial Current southern sides and its sea- (NEC), Indian Monsoon sonal variation was related to Current (IMC), Wyrtki's Jet, the seasonal variation of SEC South Equatorial Current transport. (Sarma et al., 1996. (SEC) and South Equatorial Communicated to Counter Current (SECC). The Oceanologica Acta). spreading of thermocline at subsurface depths (~100 m) The analysis further revealed also revealed the presence of the presence of a narrow equatorial undercurrent (EUC) equatorial flow between 2°N during winter (February). The and 2°S persisting for the Annual variation in volume for transport of (a) SEC and SECC (b) equatorial flow in 2°N • 2°S zonal belt. Positive values equatorial Wyrtki's Jet was whole year apart from the other indicate eastward transport while negative ones westward evident during summer (May) current systems of the tropical transport. and the winter transition Indian Ocean. The equatorial

19 flow exhibited semi-annual dynamic height showed a cycle with a mean westward reduction of 0.2 dyn.m. This fall transport of 19 Sv during was attributed to thermocline February-July and a mean upwelling noticed at this eastward transport of 22 Sv location. The geostrophic during September-February. currents showed alternating The transport of IMC showed flows across both the variations, with higher (14 Sv) transects. Relatively stronger values during July between 3° and mutually opposing currents and 5°N. Similarly, NEC also were noticed around 25 m exhibited wide variations in its depth across the 18°N transect transport (7 - 34 Sv) during with a velocity slightly in -1 January-March. Off the SW excess of 30 cm.s . Similar -1 coast of India, the presence of high velocity (>40 cm.s ) a warm core eddy during pockets were also noticed to February and a cold core eddy extend up to 30 m depths in during October were noticed. the southern region of the The SEC was found to be a 90°E transect. However, the perennial phenomenon in the currents below 250 m depth southern tropical Indian Ocean were weak and in general < 5 -1 with seasonal variability in its cm.s . The net geostrophic transport and northern bound- volume transports were found ary. The SECC is also a year- to be of the order of 1.5 Sv round feature whose seasonal towards the north and of 6 Sv transports appeared to be towards the west across the Volume transport across 90°E in 0-100 m and related to the equatorial flow 18°N and 90°E transects 0-1000 m layers. Note that the transport in (Murty et al., 1996. Communi- respectively. The surface the upper layer particularly in the Southern Bay is larger. cated to Deep Sea Res.). circulation patterns were also investigated using the trajecto- ries of drifting buoys deployed in the eastern Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal around the same observation period. Poleward movement of Circulation the drifting buoy with the arrival Hydrographic data collected of the IMC to about 12°N along from 3 to 10 September, 1996 the eastern rim of the Bay was along two transects, one along noticed in early October. The 18°N and the other along 90°E, presence of an eddy in the SW were utilised to examine the Bay and the IMC along its thermohaline circulation and southern periphery was also chemical properties of the Bay evident (Sarma et al., 1996. during the withdrawal phase of Communicated to Deep Sea the SW monsoon. The surface Res.). salinity exhibited wide spatial variability with values as low as 25.78 psu at 18°N/87°E and as Arabian Sea high as 34.79 psu at 8°N/90°E. Two high salinity cells (S>35.2 psu) were noticed around Transparent exopolymer 100 m depth along the 90°E particles transect. The wide scatter in The biogeochemical signifi- T-S values between 100 and cance of Transparent 200 m was attributed to the Exopolymer Particles (TEP) in presence of the Arabian Sea the ocean was studied under High Salinity Watermass the JGOFS programme. (ASHSW). Though the warm Concentrations of TEPs were and low salinity conditions at higher in the Arabian Sea than the sea surface were condu- in the Bay of Bengal. TEP Trajectory of drifting buoy during June - October, 1996 highlighting 'C' shaped anticyclonic flow initially shifting cive for rise in the sea surface concentrations were higher in topography at 18°N, 87°E, the shoreward then southward upto 8°N where the buoy the upwelied surface waters of encounters eastward flow.

20 the Arabian Sea. The availabi- layers of the Arabian Sea. lity of nutrients triggered (Kumar et al., 1996. Accepted intense biological production Geophys. Res. Lett). leading to enhanced release of extracellular material. Very Prediction of monsoon high concentrations of TEPs were found at ~ 600 m at 18° A detailed investigation of the and ~ 20°N where upwelling warm pool and SST anomalies occurred. Such concentration (SSTA) in the equatorial Indian gradients were not seen in the and west Pacific Oceans was Bay where TEPs varied within carried out using 90 years a narrow range. The TEPs (1906-1995) data on SST number was less and the sizes anomalies obtained from the were relatively large in the U.K. Meteorological Office, Arabian Sea due to the Bracknell. Relationships stickiness. The bacterial between the SSTA and numbers were higher in the monsoon rainfall was also Bay facilitating particle break- examined using 21 years data A schematic presentation of TEP formation and implications down and reduction in sticki- on SSTA. to biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the oceans. ness thereby increasing TEP It was found that the Indian numbers. The small percent- monsoon rainfall was positively age of TEPs that were associ- correlated (r = 0.75) with SSTA ated with mineral particles in in the region, 0-5°N and 80- the Arabian Sea could have 85°E during October and been due to the lower inputs of November months of the terrigenous particles through previous year. rivers and atmosphere. This explains the higher sinking fluxes of organic carbon in the Dual isotopic composition of Bay than in the Arabian Sea nitrous oxide (2.04 - 3.59 and 1.53 -1.80 gC In our Indo-US collaborative -2 -1 m y , respectively) and investigations, measurements provides direct evidence for the of dual isotopic composition of

mineral ballast hypothesis that dissolved N2O in oxygen- links the long-term storage of deficient waters of the Arabian atmospheric carbon dioxide in Sea show that denitrification the ocean to the organic- leads to mid-depth enrichments 15 18 mineral interactions in the of both N and O in N2O, that water column. Decreased are by far the largest reported levels of TEPs coincide with from any natural environment. higher secondary nitrite and However, this layer is effec- nitrate deficits suggesting the tively isolated from the atmos- involvement of TEPs in phere by the overlying layer bacterial respiration / produc- which is characterized by high tion in denitrifying layers. concentrations of tighter N2O. Despite the negative relation We have also acquired the first between TEPs and nitrate data set on isotopic composi- deficits an average TEP tion of N2O from an intense concentration of ~10 mg I-1 upwelling zone (off the SW persisted in the Arabian Sea coast of India) where some of oxygen minimum zone. This the highest concentrations of reveals that TEPs provide more N2O at the sea surface (up to than enough organic carbon to 62.5 nM, 953% saturation) sustain bacterial activities in were observed. The N2O-rich these denitrifying layers. upwelled waters are moder- 15 Consequently, this carbon pool ately depleted in N (by 6‰), 18 of TEPs may account for the but slightly enriched in O (by hitherto unknown 'carbon 3‰) compared to tropospheric substrate' required to meet the N2O. The observed opposing trends in 15N and 18O, and Dual isotopic composition of nitrous oxide in the Arabian Sea. bacterial demand in subsurface

21 modest departures from tropospheric isotopic composi- tion, clearly indicate that the ocean-atmosphere exchange cannot counter inputs of heavier isotopes (particularly 18O) associated with the stratospheric back flux, calling for additional sources and/or sinks of N2O in the atmos- phere. Our results also provide important insights into the mechanisms of N2O produc- tion. As N2O produced by nitrifying bacteria is highly depleted in 15N, the modest depletion of 15N observed by us even within the most active upwelling zones appears to rule out nitrification as a major process responsible for oceanic N2O production. Within strong sedimentary sink of the suboxic zone, the δ15N of nitrate. Concentrations of nitrous nitrate is lower than the oxide (N2O) and partial pressure corresponding value for N2O by of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (up to 0 4.6-9.7 /oo at depths >= 200 m, 62.5 nM and 700 μatm, respec- 0 and higher by 0.6-3.8 /oo at tively) were among the highest shallower depths, suggesting recorded in oceanic surface that the mechanisms of intense waters supporting the view that

N2O accumulation at the upper the eastern-boundary upwelling and lower boundaries of the zones serve as significant suboxic layer may be quite sources of greenhouse gases, different. It is proposed that particularly N2O. Close coupling while denitrification may be the between nitrification and principal mechanism for the denitrification might cause production of isotopically-heavy extremely high N2O concentra-

N2O in the deeper layer, tions (reaching up to 138 nM) in isotopically-light N2O in the near-bottom waters close to the upper water column may be coast. produced dominantly through nitrification-denitrification coupling involving nitric oxide Andaman Sea (NO). Abnormal variations in a CTD profile were noticed in the Andaman Sea during SK118 Upwelling off the southwest cruise. The temperature fell by coast of India 4°C while the salinity decreased intensive observations made by 0.35 psu at 100 m depth at during the SW monsoon of 10°30'N, 93°15'E within about 2 1995 revealed intense hrs. Sound velocity also de- upwelling off the SW Indian creased by 10 m.s -1 at this coast causing high nitrate depth. The 24.0 ot isopycnal concentrations at the sea surface shoaled from 120 m to surface. While denitrification 90 m. An unexpected minimum did not appear to occur in the in dissolved oxygen (34 μmol/l) water column, the ratio and a peak in silicate (36 μmol/l) between nitrate+nitrite and were noticed at this location. The phosphate exhibited consistent above features could be due to a decrease with depth at all solition or a fast moving cold- shallow stations suggesting a Vertical sections of oxygen and nitrate showing core sub surface eddy. the occurrence pf upwelling off Kerala.

22 Quaternary Paleoclimate

Paleomonsoonal history of the vegetation along the Western last 2500 years has been Ghats and decrease of reconstructed by studying a discharge from all major rivers 170 cms long shallow water during that period. (22 m) sediment core collected (Naidu, 1996. Curr. Sci., near the mouth of the Kali river. 71:715-718). River influx intensity was inferred from planktonic forarminiferal and angular Coiling directions in asymmetrical morpho-group of foraminifera and paleoceanography benthic foraminiferal abun- dances. The rate of sedimenta- A high-resolution time-series tion was determined from radio analysis of the coiling patterns carbon dating. The downcore of two planktic foraminiferal variation of the above para- species, Neogloboquadrina meters show that the Arabian pachyderma and Globigerina Sea witnessed increased bulloides has been carried out precipitation around 1705 AD at ODP Site 723A, beneath the and 300 BC and dry climatic seasonal upwelling region of conditions around 1565,1355, the Oman Margin in the 1075 and 305 AD. Interestingly, Arabian Sea. Results indicate these periods, coincide with that accumulation rates of the archaeological events and sinistral morphotype of N. records in ancient scriptures pachyderma increased during (e.g. Akbarnamah) describing the period of strong upwelling higher rainfall and famine between 10.5 and 5 ka B.P. periods. (Nigam and Khare, The dextral morphotype of N. 1996. An Integrated Approach pachyderma shows greater to Marine Archaeology, 27-30). values during the last glacial period when upwelling was relatively weak. Fluxes of both Paleomonsoons in late the sinistral and dextral Holocene morphotypes of G. bulloides increased during the interval of Studies on the variability of the stronger upwelling. Greater Southwest (SW) monsoon increase in the flux of the strength using the upwelling sinistral than of the dextral indices (fluxes of total plank- morphotype of G. bulloides tonic foraminifera and during this interval resulted in Globigerina bulloides) from the higher proportions of the western Arabian Sea reveal sinistral morphotype in the that the weakening phase of sediment record. Enhanced the SW monsoon started flux of the sinistral about 5 ka B.P. (ka = 1000 morphotypes of N. pachyderma years). The intensity of and G. bulloides during periods monsoon returned to glacial strength at 3.5 ka B.P., of intensified upwelling coinciding with the onset of arid suggests that the sinistral climate elsewhere in the morphotypes of both taxa are tropics. The onset of the weak more productive than the dextral morphotypes in the Fluctuations in fluxes of total planktonic phase of the monsoon and arid foraminiferal shells (>150 μm fraction) and climate at 3.5 ka appears to be nutrient-rich upwelling waters. 14 Globigerina bulloides (ages based on five AMS C a primary reason for the These patterns indicate that dates marked by dotted arrows. Solid arrows mark decline of the Indus Valley surface-water temperature may the start of monsoon intensification after glaciation not be the only factor control- (at 12 ka) and weakening phase (at 3.5 ka). Civilization, major changes in

23 ling coiling directions of N. Sediments deposited beneath pachyderma and G. bulloides. the intense OMZ (oxygen <0.2 -1 (Naidu and Malmgren, 1996. J. ml.l ) and away from the OMZ -1 Foram. Res., 26: 64-70). (oxygen 1-2 ml.l ) show slightly negative Ce anomalies, though there is no significant differ- ence between the two sets of Culture of benthic foraminifera sediments. The Ce/Ce*shale values are poorly related to U A programme for laboratory and C which is indicative of culture of benthic foraminifera org sub-oxic bottom waters. to study their growth was Normative calculations suggest initiated. These experiment that two sources, namely, assume importance as the terrestrial and seawater foraminifera-based techniques (terrestrial»seawater) are increasingly being used to contribute to the total Ce generate the high resolution anomaly of the sediments. The proxy records for paleoclimatic Ce anomaly values of the reconstruction. Among the calculated seawater derived samples studied from the component are similar to the nearshore regions of Goa the anomalies reported for the benthic foraminifera Rosalina coastal waters and the leei were found abundant and oxygenated surface waters of have been used for culturing. the Arabian Sea and do not Erdschreiber medium was show any relation to the found to be conducive for their towered redox state of the growth and chamber formation. overlying water, probably due Excess food supply showed to the redirection of dissolved retarded effect on overall Ce into the oxic deeper water. growth rates. (Nigam etal., The data on recently deposited 1996. J. Paleontol. Soc. India, sediments from a known 41:29-35). oxygen-poor environment

suggest that the Ce/Ce*shale in high sedimentation areas of Trace and rare-earth elements continental margin environ- Ce anomaly variation across OMZ in the Arabian Sea in relation to other geochemical indicators. in the Arabian Sea sediments ments may not be a good beneath and outside OMZ and paleoredox proxy. U/Th ratios Paieoceanographic implications above 1.25 noticed in OMZ are in accordance with the earlier CaCO3 organic carbon Corg usage of this ratio for identify- trace and rare-earth elements ing reducing environment from (REE) have been determined in ancient sediments. (Nath et al., surface sediments collected 1996. Geochim. Cosmochim. from a transect of the WCMI Acta., in press). cutting across the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ).

Shale normalized REE pat- Aeolian input to the sediments x terns, Lan/Ybn ratio and Eu/Eu of SW continental margin of anomalies indicate that the India sediments in the study area are Kaolinite, smectite, illite and either derived from the adjoin- chlorite as the major clay ing Archaean land masses or minerals and palygorskite and from distal Indus source. gibbsite in minor quantities Sediments from the OMZ have been recorded from the record highest uranium slope of the southwestern contents, indicating that the U continental margin of India. may be precipitated as U+4 Contribution of kaolinite, under the reducing conditions smectite and gibbsite is from of OMZ. peninsular India through fluvial

24 discharge. Since formation of (i) a period of contemporary palygorskite regime needs precipitation of Fe-Mn oxide arid, hot climate and saline and carbonate fluor apatite condition, occurrence of this (CFA) in intermediate water clay in the sediments suggests oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) aeolian transport from Arabia in the late Miocene, (ii) a pulse and Somalia by the Arabian of highest CFA precipitation northwesterly winds. and detrital input in addition to (Chauhan, 1996. Curr. Sci., 71: Fe-Mn oxide accretion at the 233-236). close of Miocene reflect most intense OMZ and erosion of Himalaya and, (iii) an improve- Paleoceanographic ment in the oxidizing condition interpretation from a study on of ambient water due to ferromanganese crust contraction of the late Miocene A ferromanganese crust OMZ facilitated an accretion dredged from the summit of the of pure Fe-Mn oxide during Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount in Pliocene and later. the North Central Indian Ocean (NCIO) had recorded Neogene As a consequence of significant oceanographic events. The deposition of CFA in addition to substrate of the crust is Fe-Mn oxide during the composed of fresh water intensified OMZ, the normally phreatic calcite cement, coherent behaviour of trivalent Terebratulinae casts, rounded rare earth elements (3+ REE) is X-ray diffractograms of sediments showing palygorskite from the study area (between ferruginised basalt clasts and not observed in the crust. La, Cape Comorin and Quilon). weathered coralline algal Yb and Lu show a positive fragments suggesting an association with the CFA phase exposure to subaerial condi- elements (Ca and P) and Pr, tions during the Oligocene (-30 Nd and Sm with the Mn-oxide Ma). The mineralogy, major, phase elements (Mn, Co and trace and REE element Ni). This leads to an abnormal, geochemistry and co-model incoherent behaviour of the 3+ age estimates imply three REE in multimineral authigenic distinct accretionary environ- system. (Banakar, et al., 1996. ments during the crust growth: Mar. Geol., 136: 299-315).

Geology & Geophysics Ferromanganese crust from the Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount.

Neotectonic activity over ECMI lineation off Pondicherry at 12°15'N correlated with the Magnetic, gravity, bathymetry offshore extension of an onland and high resolution seismic lineament trending NE-SW studies of the southern part of between Kambam and ECMI indicated three major Pondicherry with an steep turn lineaments. An E-W lineation near the coast off Pondicherry. off Nagapattanam fits well with Gravity and magnetic data off a major E-W trend delineated Chennai showed possible on land as Palghat - offshore continuation of a Tiruchurapalli shear zone transition zone identified over which is considered an Peninsular India. The offshore important tectonic boundry. The fragment of this lineation was

25 characterised by a free air Crustal evolution of the Bay of gravity rise of about 100 Bengal mgals, negative magnetic Bathymetry, magnetic, gravity anamoiy of 200 nT and also and multi-channel seismic associated with a steep reflection data acquired in the bathymetry rise of 2.5 km. Bay of Bengal and in the distal Magnetic modelling indicated Bengal Fan have thrown a shallow basement at a more light on break up of India depth of about 5 km flanked from eastern Gondwanaland by deeper source both from and the post-break up events north and south. Geomorphic of the northeastern Indian features such as fault valleys, Ocean. The trend of the V-cut channels and sediment fracture zones, the location of slumps were inferred from the major magnetic chron 34, high resolution sparker data and the Cretaceous Magnetic along two E-W trending Quiet Zone suggest that lineaments off Chennai and Greater India separated from Nagapattanam which indicate Antarctica in the early recent tectonic activity in this Cretaceous (i.e. polarity chron part of the eastern continen- M0 120 Ma) and drifted tal shelf. northwestward. Negative gravity anomalies are associ- Inversion of magnetic data ated with basement rises along 40 profiles of the between the continental eastern margin between margin of India and the Visakhapatnam and Paradip Ninetyeast Ridge. Magnetic indicates (i) a shallow and reversals and northward highly faulted basement in trend of the 85°E Ridge the innershelf; (ii) a NE-SW support a hotspot origin of the ridge trough configuration in ridge and that its emplace- the midshelf; (iii) transition ment took place probably after from continental to oceanic the Cretaceous quiet period. Juxtaposition of high-ampli- basement at the foot of the tude hyperbolic reflections, continental slope; (iv) NW-SE down-faulted continental basement upward off blocks buried under thick Bhimunipatnam to sediments, and associated Kalingapatnam and (v) N-S gravity and magnetic anoma- basement trend off Chilka lies indicate the boundary lake. between continental and oceanic rocks at the foot of Dual channel echosounding continental slope, about 80 surveys carried out in the km seaward of the present shelf area between Gopalpur continental shelf edge. Eight in the north and Pudimadaka seismic sequences, as thick in the south revealed relict Multichannel seismic record and magnetic anamaly across the as 8.5 km, overlie the early 85°E Ridge depicting seismic structure of the ridge, carbonate morphological features like Cretaceous oceanic basement build up and fracture zone etc. pinnacle reef system both in and include four the innershelf and outershelf unconformities (lower Eocene, regions. upper Oligocene, upper Miocene, and upper Sedimentological studies Pleistocene) which corre- carried out on five short cores spond to the major geologic/ collected from the deforma- tectonic events. Late Creta- tion zone of the Central ceous/early Tertiary feature on Indian Basin (CIB) show two the eastern flank of the buried 85°E Ridge is interpreted as a distinct sedimentary facies carbonate reef. The steep associated with abyssal plain subduction of older (cold) and abyssal hills.

26 Indian plate beneath the sealevel regression. (Rao and Burmese plate near the Thamban, 1997. J. Geol. Soc. Andaman Islands suggest the India, 49: 297-306) Sunda Arc in this region to be Genesis of apatite in the low to intermediate stress phosphatised limestones on subduction zone. (Gopala Rao the western continental shelf of and Krishna, 1996. J. India was studied. The apatite Geophys. Res., in press). microparticles often adhere to clays and resemble fossilized Western continental margin of bacteria hapetites. It appears India that abundant flux was transported to the shelf at Study of closely spaced marine about 8,300 years B.P. which magnetic profiles in the filled the pores / cavities of northern Arabian Sea shows corals and coralline algae. that most of the identified Subsequently, microbial magnetic lineations in the organisms colonized the Arabian Sea are segmented by sediment and filled pores of the oblique offsets representing limestones and favoured rapid Map showing magnetic profiles along the western continental pseudofaults associated with precipitation of apatite locally margin. paleo-propagating ridges. The by utilising organic phosphate early Tertiary seaftoor spread- and phosphate adsorbed on to ing in the Arabian Sea was clays. Phosphatization of the characterized by systematic limestones is thus a short ridge propagation probably event in the Early Holocene caused due to influence of the influenced by microbial Reunion hotspot - on the processes. (Rao and Lamboy, spreading segment. (Chaubey, 1996, Mar. Geol., 136: 41-53) et a/.,1996, in press).

The calcareous deposits on the Carisberg Ridge western shelf of India off Bhatkal, at 50-58 m depth The Carisberg Ridge was occur as crusts, sheets, surveyed using the muitibeam cylinders and reddish brown bathymetric system. The mudstones. This indicates that results show a ridge axial the particulate matter in the discontinuity with a broad axial calcareous deposits were valley, depth varying from 4500 initially at the proximity of the to 2200 m. The back scatter coast and cemented by amplitude data from muitibeam metastable calcites during the revealed that the rift valley is Pleistocene interglacial sedimented. Mantle rocks such sealevel stands on the shelf. as lherzolites, gabbros, Pedogenic cementation serpentinites were collected process overprinted and from the inner rift valley wall developed them into eolianites indicating a shallow depth of Terrestrial lime stones from continental shelf off Bhatkal: and paleospls during the mantle. (Mudholkar, et al., (a) dune - associated calcrete and (b) rhizoliths (calcified roots). subsequent Late Pleistocene 1996. Inter Ridge News, 6, 34)

SEM of phosphatised limestones showing (a) phosphatised bacteria within the algal cells (b) and also associated with clay flakes.

27 Offshore Resources

Environmental impact mixed layer, decrease in Assessment in Nodule Area - surface salinity towards Indian Deep-Sea Experiment southwest part of CIB and strong near-surface halocline in The Indian Deepsea Experi- ment (INDEX) in the Indian the upper 25 m water column. Pioneer Area was initiated in A sub-surface salinity maxi- 1995 to assess the possible mum and an intermediate environmental impact on the salinity minimum around 75 marine ecosystem due to and 1000 m depths were seabed mining in the Central noticed in the area. The Indian Basin (CIB). Multi- temperature and salinity disciplinary studies on geologi- variations were negligible cal, biological, physical and below 2000 m depth. chemical aspects were under- Analysis of chemical data taken for establishing the measured from the waters of baseline conditions in the CIB CIB area indicated low area prior to the benthic concentrations of nitrate and disturbance. The test and silicate in the surface mixed reference areas were identified layer, while phosphate concen- for the benthic disturbance trations increased rapidly. This experiment using close grid increase was associated with a bathymetric surveys and nodule corresponding decrease in abandance data. Detailed dissolved oxygen. The shallow geochemical, sedimentological, oxygen maximum (2.3 - 4.3 biological, and geo-technical ml.!'1) was observed in the studies on sediments resulted in depth range 300 - 500 m. It understanding the benthic was associated with higher pH, Traces of benthic activity in Pioneer area. conditions and the distribution of macro, meio and micro fauna. higher alkalinity and lower (Sharma, et al., 1996, communi- nutrient content. The deep cated, ISOPE Proc.) waters were characterised by high oxygen, high pH and Analysis of ocean currents relatively lower content of obtained from the mooring of nutrients. Water samples were the current meter arrays (with analysed for dissolved trace Russian make POTOK current metals. The metal maxima meters in the CIB area revealed were associated with a maxima considerable variability in the in nutrients and a decrease in flow field at different time-scales pH and dissolved oxygen (inertial to seasonal) even at content, thereby indicating that near bottom depths. like nutrients, trace metals The magnitudes (directions) of were also released in the water monthly mean currents at near- column during the process of bottom depth of 5100 m were oxidation of organic matter estimated to be 3.0 cm.s -1 from the surface water col- (104°) in April; 2.6 cm.s -1 (92°) umn. -1 in May; 2.9 cm.s (53°) in June; Zooplankton samples were 2.2 cm.s -1 (228°) in July; 1.3 collected from 11 stations along cm.s -1 (201°) in August and 1.6 five transects including the four cm.s -1 (306°) in September. stations from the test site. The The preliminary analysis of CTD zooplankton biomass showed data collected from the CIB area considerable variations from indicated variations in the station to station and along the thickness of upper oceanic depth.

28 Numerical abundance of the work carried at NIO has fauna of the region showed provided evidence of recent that the test site supports a rich volcano-hydrothermal activity and varied assemblage of in the CIB. On detailed organisms. investigation of 27 sediment samples from CIB, two Generally low biomass values samples occurring at the base were found to coincide with low of an intraplate seamount were High resolution seismic profile (3.5 kHz) of upper continental slope numerical density and vice (between Goa - Mangalore). Gpl - gas plumes, BPM and PM - buried found to have high concentra- and unburiedpock marks, F - fault, TWTT - two way travel time in versa. Mostly the zooplankton tion of volcanogenic hydrother- milli seconds (assumed sound velocity 1500 m/s). concentrated above the sub- mal material (vhm). The vhm surface salinity maxima where consist of ochrous metallifer- the oxygen concentration -1 ous sediments, nontronite, ranged from 3.7 to 5.52 ml I . volcanic spherules and glass The WP net collection from shards. The metalliferous deeper layers also showed a sediments are akin to their reduction in the volume of counterparts in the active biomass as well as diversity of hydrothermal sites in the groups from 200-500 m Pacific Ocean in terms of exhibiting a general trend of colour, chemistry and forma- dilution of organisms from the tion. The volcanic spherules upper layers to lower layers. In which are dominantly magnet- general, the euphotic zone of ite and resemble extraterres- the CIB is found to supports trial spherules are products of fairly rich and diverse fauna. liquid immiscibility of a silicic- basic magma or of hydrovolcanic activity. Based Sub-surface methane in-the on the age of the associated eastern Arabian Sea radiolaria with the vhm, an age High-resolution shallow seismic of ~10 ka is suggested for an reflection data obtained from episode of volcanic-hydrother- the continental shelf sediments mal activity in the CIB. The off western India from 10°N to present finding might have 22°N reveal the anomalous relevance for the type and seismic signatures in the form eruptive mechanism of of acoustic maskings of seamounts and the addition of methane-rich horizons. A elements to sea water and conservative estimate of the manganese nodules and crusts potential subsurface methane in the CIB. (Iyer et al.,1996. in these gas-charged Deep-Sea Res., in press). sediments is of the order of 2.6 Tg, and its contribution to the atmosphere with an annual flux

of 0.039 Tg CH4 appears to be quite significant. High seepage of methane from the seabed of the continental shelves should hence be considered for while estimating global oceanic flux of methane. (Karisiddaiah and Veerayya, 1996. J. Geophys. Res., 101:25887-25895).

Evidence of Recent hydrothermal activity in the Central Indian Basin The Central Indian Basin (CIB) was considered to be inactive SEM(top) & photomicrograph of volcanic spherules from in terms of volcanic eruptions Central lndian Basin. in the recent past. However, Bilateral Programmes

• Indo-US • Indo-German • Indo-EC-Dutch

Indo-US concentrations with depth. help in gliding and crawling over the Polysaccharides were the most abundant surface. The diversity of diatom popula- form of dissolved carbohydrates. tion indicates that the recruitment of Application of biochemical & molecular Carbohydrate concentrations showed diatom cells is not fully controlled by its techniques to characterise ocean trophic significant positive correlations with diversity in the water column. dynamics chlorophyll a (in the upper 150 m), nitrate and phosphate concentrations and a Nitrogen sources from mangrove Influence of exopolymers on cyprid significant negative correlation with detritus metamorphosis of Balanus amphitrite dissolved oxygen concentrations. Higher Exopolymers secreted by bacteria can Studies on carbon and nitrogen contents abundance of carbohydrates was found also play a major role in the recruitment of of leaves, roots and pneumatophores of associated with the dissolved oxygen larvae of fouling organisms, probably by Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, minimum layer. Avicennia marina and A. officinalis and of providing inducing/inhibitory chemical the litter fractions of major species of Macroaggregates from various sources of cues. The extract of adult Balanus mangroves (A. marina, A. officinalis and organic carbon serve as a food source for amphitrite and the exopolymers of the Sonneratia alba) are being carried out. particle feeders and benthic organisms. bacteria colonizing B. amphitrite in nature Remineralization studies of leaf litter of 4 The chemical composition of on the cyprid metamorphosis of B. mangrove species (R. mucronata, R. macroaggregates showed that mangrove amphitrite was tested. The results ob- apiculata, Sonneratia alba and A. leaves are richer in carbon than nitrogen. tained indicate that the addition of officinalis) are in progress. Experiments Whereas, those obtained macro algae exopolymers as well as adult extract on uptake and assimilation by were fairly enriched in nitrogen. As such, promoted settlement of cyprids. phytoplankton of nitrogenous nutrients of macroaggregates derived from macro the water column and sediment, are being algae may be a preferred source of food Physiology of Wood Borers carried out at monthly intervals in a for benthic and other organisms due to Wooden panels of Mangifera indica were mangrove ecosystem. enrichment of nitrogenous organic matter. Macroaggregates of algae did not show exposed for different periods. We found Ammonium was found to be the most any particular trend and varied from Martesia striata and Nausitora hedleyi to preferred nutrient by phytoplankton with a species to species. Older aggregates of all be the dominant forms of wood borers. specific uptake rate of 0.201/h, an the species showed a increase in nitrogen The effect of temperature and salinity on absolute uptake rate of 2966 ng-at/l/h and and a decrease in carbon content. Such embryonic and larval development of a high assimilation index of 571.2 ng-at differences in carbon and nitrogen content Martesia striata was evaluated. The - -1 N(mg chl) h . Nitrate uptake ranked next can play an important role in determining maximum metamorphic success was in importance (specific uptake = 0.01/h), the food values of the macroaggregates. observed at 30‰. The thriving duration of followed by nitrite uptake (0.0004/h) which the different instars was influenced by both was insignificant. temperature and salinity. Studies on microfilm formation in relation As with the water column, ammonium to physico-chemical, biological and uptake was the highest among the four biochemical parameters Indo-German nutrients, with a specific uptake rate of 0.02/h, an absolute uptake rate of 386.67 Variability in microfilm formation ng-at g-1 h-1 and an assimilation index of Particle flux studies Fiberglass and cupro nickel panels were 16.12 ng-at N (mg chl)-1 h-1. Specific suspended in the water column in coastal Two sediment trap mooring samples in the nitrate uptake was very low (0.0004/h). station (Dona Paula Bay). The results central and northern Bay of Bengal were indicate the dominance of centrales over analyzed for planktic foraminiferal abun- Role of exopolysaccharides in particle pennates whereas in the fouling film the dance. This study has revealed that there sedimentation reverse was evident. This difference could are 26 species of planktic foraminifera Dissolved carbohydrates in the Bay of probably be due to the capability of present of which eight accounted for over Bengal and the Arabian Sea showed pennates to foul more readily than 90% of the total foraminiferal flux. In the little variation of monosaccharide centrales as they possess raphe which total, particulate flux of <1 mm size was

30 the largest component and generally salinity region. Foraminiferal productivity in us to recognize the well known upwelling increased with water depth. The total the Bay of Bengal is one order of magni- system along the coasts of Somalia and participate and planktic flux display similar tude lower than in the Arabian Sea. The Oman as well as open ocean upwelling at bimodal distribution patterns related to the temporal distribution patterns of G. the beginning of SW monsoon. The coastal monsoon. The highest fluxes were bulloides and its significance in different and open ocean upwelling are most recorded during the SW monsoon. The oceanic regimes in the Northern Indian effective in transferring biogenic matter to fluxes during the northeast monsoon are Ocean has been investigated. G. bulloides the deep sea during SW monsoons of elevated but not to the level seen during exhibited a bi-modal distribution pattern moderate strength. the SW monsoon, with G. bulloides related to the summer and winter dominating the foraminiferal flux. The monsoons. Its fluxes increase from east to overwhelming proportion of G. bulloides in west in the Arabian Sea and from north to Indo-EC-Dutch the foraminiferal assemblage is suggestive south in the Bay of Bengal. of upwelling activity in the western Bay of Bengal region during the SW monsoon. Particle flux data obtained by time series Contaminants in the marine environment: their fate in the abiotic and biotic The reduced productivity of foraminiferal sediment traps deployed over the years in compartments with emphasis on the species in the northern Bay of Bengal is the Arabian Sea were compared with the biological response of organisms related to the injection of fresh water wind speeds computed from satellite data. resulting due to the precipitation associ- We have inferred that there is a strong The analyses of the data on selected ated with SW monsoon. Neogloboquadrina relationship existing between physical and pesticides polychlorinated biphenyls and dutertrei, Globigerinella rubescens biological processes related to the SW genotoxic effects of such chemicals exhibited elevated fluxes in the lower monsoon in the Arabian Sea. This enabled continued.

31 VIII Plan Highlights

O Funding

O Projects

O Cruises

RV Gaveshani

ORV Sagar Kanya

32 3 Publications

3 Awards

• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize

• National Mineral Award

• Krishnan Gold Medal

•Young Scientist Award

1 •First World Ship Trust Award •Gupta Foundation Award 2 • The Great Son of the Soil Award 3 • Asiatic Society Medal 4 • MASS Young Scientist Award 5 • Zahoor Qasim Gold Medal

O Educational O Training/ O Deputations upgradation Workshops held (Ph.D / M.Sc).

O Infrastructural enhancement

33 Data, Information & Scientific Services

• Data and Information • Library • Training • Publication and Public Relations

Data and Information

Data for more than 10,000 (ship drift) and winds for 93 years eastern Arabian Sea (four stations in the Indian Ocean on (1900-1993) was acquired from during SW monsoon and two physical, chemical, biological Japan Oceanographic Data during pre-monsoon). The and geological parameters have Centre (JODC). parameters include primary been added. The creation of a productivity, phyto-zooplankton • Version 3.2 of Global data base for sea truth, drifting abundance, the settling fluxes Geophysical Data Sets buoys and COMAPS pro- of particulate matter, air-sea (GEODAS) was acquired from grammes have been initiated. exchange fluxes of CO2, CH4 National Geological/ and N2O and their distribution. The summary of the data Geophysical Data Centre, acquired, processed and Boulder, USA. A report on JGOFS (India) data disseminated during the year is management was also Global Sea Level Observing given below: submitted to the International System (GLOSS) stations JGOFS data management handbook data set was also Data acquisition group. received from National Surface - 2623 stns. Oceanographic Data Centre, meteorology U.K. Data dissemination CTD - 159 stns. Major data requests came from the Universities of Andhra, Goa, XBT - 62 stns. Data processing Karnataka, Kochi, IITs (Chennai Primary 27 stns. production • JGOFS (India) data of six and Mumbai); IISc, Bangalore; and chlorophyll a scientific cruises of ORV Sagar SAC, Ahmedabad; DNOM, New Zooplankton - 9 stns. Kanya were processed. These Delhi; DOD, New Delhi; ONGC, biomass cruises were carried out in the Mumbai. Wave data rolls - 14 nos. Sponsored - 28 nos. project data reports Library Drifting buoys - 8 sets (37 files) (surface meteorolo- gical data) NICMAS Centre search (DSIR), Government of Surface temp. - 10 sets and tidal observation The Library was recognised as India. The mandate of this at Marmagao harbour the National Information Centre centre is to provide information (fixed location) for Marine Sciences (NICMAS) services to all users and create by the National Information a bibliographic Indian Ocean database. So far around 10,000 Data acquired on CD-ROM System for Science and Technol- ogy (NISSAT), Department of references with abstracts have • Global data on surface currents Scientific and Industrial Re- been added. Databases on the catalogue of the total collection to 23580. Library holdings (OCEANLINE) Technical reports acquired and contributions by NIO during the period are 239 (total scientists (NIOPUB) are avail- 7095). able on the NIO Website. The library continued the ASFA CD-ROM and Current Contents Holdings search service on diskettes During the year, the Library (CCOD). It provided, 870 added 1082 books (including references on aquatic sciences bound volumes) thus enhancing to the ASFA database.

Training

Outside organisations Institutional staff S/Shri Antonio Mascarenhas and Arif Sardar - Training on UPS Mr. B.C. Jhoomuck, University of Dr. D. Chandramohan and Shri System from 16-21 December, 1996 Mauritius received training on M.R. Nayak attended a course at Tata Libert Limited, Mumbai. Taxonomy of Marine on Management of R&D from 5- Phytoplankton with special 10 August at Administrative Staff Dr. P.S. Rao and Shri K. Aravind emphasis on Harmful Species College of India, Hyderabad. Ghosh - How to secure certification from 4 August to 22 September. S/Shri P.K. Shaji, P. Rama Rao for ISO-9000 and its interface with TQM from 22-27 January, 1997 at Mr. S. Mandary, Meteorological and Jaydeep Pattanaik - NISIET, Hyderabad. Services, Mauritius received Remote Sensing and its Applica- training on operation and tions to Oceanography, Marine Shri K. Aravind Ghosh - ISO 9000 maintenance of S4 current Science & Fisheries from 22 July Lead Assessor Course from 18-22 meters and wave measuring to 17 August, at Orissa Remote March, 1997 at Hotel Mandovi, equipment from 1 August to 30 Sensing Application Centre, Panaji. September. Bhubaneshwar. A computer Orientation Course for A familiarisation course was Ms. Linda Veliath, S.M. Gorette 50 administrative staff was organ- Fernandes, Fatima Martins and conducted for four Naval officers ised in two batches (15-30 May and Felcy Alphonso - Improving on METOC Instrumentation 31 May -15 June) by Online Secretarial Performance, during 25-26 March. Productivity Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Efficiency and Effectiveness Margao at NIO Headquarters. The Five Naval Officers were trained from 18-20 September, 1996 at course covered : DOS, Use of LAN, in Physical Oceanography from Institute of Technology Manage- WINDOWS, MS WORD, FOXPRO 10-14 June. ment Systems, New Delhi. and MS MAIL.

Publications and Public Relations

The Institute continued to bring out various publications, including the Annual Report, NIO Bulletin, Technical Reports, Cruise Reports and Sponsored project reports. Visitors, particularly students were encouraged to interact directly with scientists. To bring in an awareness, the Institute partici- pated in a one month long exhibition "Goa Vision 2001" in the city of Panjim. "Goa Vision 2001" Scientific Cruises

Highlights

During the year 14 cruises were undertaken, eleven on board ORV Sagar Kanya and the remaining on the chartered Russian vessel A.A. Sidorenko. Five cruises were for collection of geological and geophysical data and for environmental impact assessment stud- ies in the application area (Central Indian Ocean Basin) under the project "Surveys for polymetallic nodules". Two cruises were ex- clusively for "JGOFS - India Programme" and one for validation of data on ocean colour collected on board the Indian Remote Sens- ing Satellite IRS P3. We also undertook one cruise in the Bay of Bengal to document the seasonal and annual variability of thermohaline properties and circulation features for World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) programme.

ORV Sagar Kanya (owned by the DOD, New Delhi) We continued regular pollution monitoring along Ratnagiri-Goa Overall length: 100.34 m, Breadth: 16.4 m, under Coastal Ocean Monitoring & Prediction System (COMAPS) Capacity: 32 Scientists, Endurance: 45 days. programme on board CRV Sagar Paschimi.

The snapshot observations and preliminary results of these cruises are: • Surface waters of Andaman Sea saturated with atmos-

pheric CO2 indicating that the whole region acts as a source of CO2 with a net flux to the atmosphere. • Central and symmetrical magnetic anomalies over the Carlsberg Ridge segment, the former one conspicuous with 500 nT amplitude. Both these anomalies reveal the age of the crust to be between 0 and 4.77 my. • The sediment temperature beyond 27°C in the axial val- ley in the Carlsberg Ridge region suggest the possibility of hydrothermal source nearby. • "A Front like structure" at 18°N in the northern periphery of the northern anticyclonic gyre in the central and north- ern Bay of Bengal. • A striking similarity in distribution of temperature, salinity and light transmission in the upper 200 m water column along 18°N. Cruise tracks of ORV Sagar Kanya (112 -121) & AA Sidorenko (1B-2B)

36 Cruise Period Participants No. Chief Scientist Area Objectives from other (Port - from/to) Organisations

Internal participation

ORV Sagar Kanya

Cr. 112 23 Apr. to 18 May 96 Eastern Continental To collect gravity data and core samples in basinal and non-basinal 16 KSR Murthy Margin of India areas. (Mormugao - Paradip) (ECMI)

Cr. 113 23 May to 21 Jun. 96 Bay of Bengal To study: (i) the surface heat fluxes, circulation and volume trans- 14 VV Sarma port with respect to warm pool and (ii) the composition of particulate (Paradip - Paradip) matter and zooplankton diversity in the scheduled transects.

Cr. 114 26 Jun. to 23 Jul. 96 Carlsberg Ridge in (i) Multibeam Swath Bathymetric mapping of a segment of the 8 AB Valsangkar the Arabian Sea Carisberg Ridge (CR) for morphotectonic features and evolution (Paradip - Mormugao) studies of the ridge segment by integrating gravity, magnetic and Swath bathymetric data, (ii) collection of rock and sediment sam- ples from the selected portions of the ridge axis and valleys to understand their formation and (iii) to study airborne particles through aerosols.

Cr. 115 2 to 22 Aug. 96 Arabian Sea To study the physical and bio-geochemical processes (under 7 M Dileep Kumar JGOFS programme) along 64°E between 13° and 21°N during (Mormugao - Mormugao) southwest monsoon.

Cr. 116 26 Aug. to 17 Sep. 96 Eastern Indian To document the seasonal and annual variability of thermohaline 10 YVB Sarma Ocean(EIO) properties and circulation features in EIO. (Mormugao - Mormugao)

Cr. 117 21 Sep. to 10 Oct. 96 Eastern Arabian Sea To assess high resolution paiaeoclimate utilising sedimentological, 6 Rajiv Nigam geochemical and palaeontological data from the eastern Arabian (Mormugao - Mormugao) Sea under the Past Global Changes (PAGES) collaborative research programme.

Cr. 118 15 Oct. to 11 Nov. 96 EEZ of Andaman Time series mapping of biological and chemical characteristics & 12 PV Narvekar and Nicobar Islands sedimentological and geochemical studies. (Mormugao-Paradip)

Cr. 119 15 Nov. to 7 Dec. 96 Eastern Continental To collect gravity, magnetic, bathymetric and hydrosweep data of 15 AS Subrahmanyam Margin of India ECMI. (Paradip - Mormugao) (ECMI)

Cr. 119A 12 to19 Dec. 96 Between Goa and To validate the ocean colour sensor MOS onboard the Indian 10 PV Sathe Kanyakumari Remote Sensing Satellite IRS P3. (Mormugao - Mormugao)

Cr. 120 27 Dec. 96 to 31 Jan. 97 Central Indian Basin To collect data on physico-chemical and biological parameters 13 V Ramesh Babu (CIB) of water column for EIA studies in the Indian Nodule Application (Mormugao - Mormugao) Area

Cr. 121 5 to 26 Feb. 97 Northern Arabian To collect physico-chemical and biological data in the northern 9 S Raghukumar Sea Arabian Sea under JGOFS programme to understand winter cool- (Mormugao - Mumbai) ing phenomenon.

37 Cruise Period Participants No. Chief Scientist Area Objectives from other (Port - from/ to) Organisations

M.V. A.A. Sidorenko

1 -B (EIA) 20 Apr. to 24 May 96 Central Indian Basin (i) To select suitable reference and test sites for carrying out B Nagender Nath disturbance & EIA studies and (ii) to understand the baseline (Mormugao - Mormugao) benthic and geological environment in the Indian Nodule Application area.

2A 3 Sep. to 1 Oct. 96 Central Indian Basin To collect benthic baseline data from the newly selected Area R Sharma (A1), under the EIA studies for nodule mining. (Mormugao - Mormugao)

2B 25 Oct. to 22 Nov. 96 Central Indian Basin To deploy current meter & sediment trap moorings, and drifting VSN Murty buoys for environmental data collection and dredging of (Mormugao - Mormugao) manganese nodules.

CRV Sagar Paschimi

1 18-23 Nov. 96 West coast of India To assess the water and sediment quality of the coastal waters 1 XN Verlencar (Ratnagiri-Goa) of the central west coast under the "Coastal Ocean Monitoring (Panaji - Panaji Port) and Prediction System (COMAPS)" programme.

Participation of other organisations ORV Sagar Kanya

Cr. 112 C.V. Raman, V.V. Syam Sundar, P.S. Rao, P.V.V. Satyanarayana, Saxena and P.S. Rawat (Indian Navy), K.R. Jagadeesan (Mangalore M.J. Prakash and P.J. Thomas (Andhra University), M. Chandra, University), K. Balakrishna, Brian Tellis, P. Boopathi and Abdul Nazar Mohd. Rafi M., R. Narayanan, A.R. Ramesh Kumar and C.S. (M/s NORINCO, Goa) Sajith (Cochin University of Science & Technology), V.S. Raja Raman, K. Balakrishnan and C.A. Lobo (M/s NORINCO, Goa), Cr. 119 S. Jagannatha Rao, P.V.V. Satyanarayana and P. Satyababu (Andhra K. Shepherd and M.S. Gandhi (Tamil University) University), P.S. Bindu, R. Rajani, A. Sivasaravanan, P. Harikumar and Suja Alex (Cochin University of Science & Technology), M.P. Jonathan Cr. 113 I. Nageswara Rao, R. Ratna Kumari, Ch. Satyanarayana and (Madras University), J.P. Joseph, Shellak Davis, Jayakrishnan and P. G. Krupanidhi (Andhra University), G.R. Mangalorekar (CMC, Bhoopathy (M/s NORINCO, Goa), N. Ahgusamy and R. Karikalan (Tamil Ltd. Mumbai), B.M. Nayal, K.C. Kori, G.S. Murti, D.K. Borthakur University) and A.Y. Satam (India Meteorological Department), S. Chandrasekharan, C.V. Rama Rao (Indian Navy), C. Cr.119A S.K. Shyama, C. Rivonkar, Leena Margulhao, Gouri Mahambre, Rani Rajagopalan and M. Mohandas (M/s NORINCO, Goa) Rajamanickam, Melinda Fernandes, Shelha Almeida and Nafisha Almeida (Goa University), H.U. Solanki and Mini Raman (Space Appli- Cr. 114 A.N. Rajan, J. Anthony K.C, K.M. Sethunathan, P.V. Vinod and cations Centre, Ahmedabad) P. Sanu (Cochin University of Science & Technology), T.P. Benny, S. Kurian and S. Davis (M/s NORINCO, Goa) Cr. 120 Devdutta S. Niyogi (Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi), V. Cr. 115 Mohan Das, J.P. Joseph and Brian Telles (M/s NORINCO, Goa), Gopalakrishnan (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune), L.K. R. Rengarajan, T.K. Sunil Kumar, S. Venkataramani and Iqbal Jain and K. Lal ( Indian Navy, Kochi), K.S. Zalpuri, P.K. Gupta, U.C. Ahmed (Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad) Kulsheshtra and T.K. Mandal (National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi), Biju V. Nair, Brian Telles and P. Premachandran (M/s NORINCO, Goa), Cr. 116 D. Sarkar, S. Benerjee, V.A. Choudhary, N.P. Mrutyunjaya and S. Ramachandran and J.T. Vinchi (Physical Research Laboratory, R.P. Sharma (India Meteorological Department), Lt. P.C. Dash Ahmedabad) and A.K. Jaiswal (Indian Navy), Biju V. Nair, K. Balakrishnan and K.M. Jayakrishnan (M/s NORINCO, Goa) Cr. 121 K. Balakrishnan, P. Bhoopathy, Shellak Davis and K.M. Jayakrishnan (M/s NORINCO, Goa), M.M. Sarin, R. Rengarajan, P.K. Patra, M.H. Cr. 117 C. V. Kamble (Agharkar Res. Institute, Pune), Abu Backer Dixit, T.K. Sunil (Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad) (Mangalore University), Rajaraman, V. Biju Nair, Shellak Davis and Brian Telles (M/s NORINCO, Goa) CRV Sagar Paschimi Cr. 118 I. Nageshwara Rao, Y. Sarojini and G. Krupanidhi (Andhra Uni- versity), I.K. Pai and Sameer Terdalkar (Goa University), A.V. Cr. 1 A. Padmanabhan (National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai)

38 Appendix - II

Workshops Seminars Meetings..

Workshops

• As a part of the project - "Study of Goa and its environment from space", a one-day users workshop was held on April 12. The workshop was jointly organised with Department of Science, Technology and Environment, Govt. of Goa and Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, to apprise user agencies and potential beneficiaries in Goa about the ongoing work under the project and to get feedback to effect changes in the project.

• Independent World Commission on the Oceans held a "Hearing on Ocean Affairs" on 6 August, at the Institute. NIO played an active role in organising the programme. Discussions were focussed on four important themes. • Impact of globalisation on coastal zone, • Impact of mega cities on coastal zone • Research and development of coastal zone • Human resource development.

• Under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), UNESCO, Paris and the Department of Ocean Development, New Delhi, a workshop on - "Global Ocean Observing System" (GOOS) was organised during 18-19 November. Delegates from Australia, Bangladesh, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, The Netherlands, Qatar, Dr. B.N. Krishnamurty, Director, DOD, delivering introductory remarks Republic of Maldives & Sri Lanka participated. The status of the Seated from left are Dr. Jan Stehl, Dr. E. Desa and Mr. W. Erb. capabilities in each country was presented and future plan of action for capacity building on GOOS in developing countries was proposed.

The coastal zone, climate, health of the oceans and marine living resources were identified as priority modules under GOOS. The objective of the IOCINDIO-II Session was to promote and coordinate the implementation of realistic cooperative • In continuation of the GOOS workshop, the second session of the ocean research programmes, systematic observations and IOC Regional Committee for the Central Indian Ocean (IOCINDIO- capacity building among the member states in the region. II) was also organised from 20-22 November. The delegates of the The following programmes were accorded top priority: GOOS workshop participated. • Sealevel - development of instrumentation: tide gauges, meteorological sensors & modems.

• Storm surge - development of real-time storm surge prediction system for IOCINDIO countries.

• Climate module - Regional workshop to be organised on ocean climate.

• Health of tropical ocean - to develop expertise through workshops, training and exchange visits.

• Marine living resources - to conduct a training course in marine taxonomy and DNA fingerprinting.

• Coral reefs - to establish monitoring stations in the IOCINDIO region.

• One time expedition of the Indian Ocean - to complete survey through a triangular cruise across the flanks of the Indian Ocean.

• A National Workshop on "Nutrient analysis in seawater" was Dr. S.Z. Qasim, former Member, Planning Commission delivering presidential conducted during 18-23 November, at the Regional Centre address. Seen on his left are Dr. E. Desa, Director, NIO, Dr. G. Kullenberg, of NIO, Waltair. All the COMAPS (Coastal Ocean Monitoring Executive Secretary, IOC, Dr. A.E. Muthunayagam, Secretary, DOD & and Prediction System) units participated and calibration Dr. B.N. Krishnamurthy, Director, DOD. exercises for phosphate, nitrate and silicate were worked out.

39 • A workshop on "Assessment of marine and coastal biodiversity" sponsored by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India was held on 5 - 6 Dec. The workshop aimed at bringing together scientists, aca- demics and researchers to a common forum to discuss and identify gaps existing in our knowledge, to assess biological diversity of the oceans and adapt strategies for its conservation, mana- gement and sustainable utilization. Experts from the coastal states within the country besides NIO participated.

Dr. E. Desa emphasizing the need for conservation of biodiversity. Seated on dais are Ms. A.K. Ahuja, Jt. Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests and Dr. G.C. Shrivastava, Chief Secretary, Govt. of Goa.

Symposium

Seminars

• A National Seminar on "Recent advances in biological oceanography" funded by CSIR, DST, NIO and DOD was held during May 29-31. The seminar had 8 technical and 2 poster sessions. A total of 138 scientific papers under oral and poster sessions were presented. The themes were • Biological productivity assessment, • Microbial processes and activities, • Ecologically sensitive ecosystems - their resources and conservation & biomedical potentials, • Environmental impact assessment - biological perspec- tives, • Biodiversity and fishery Shri Ramakant D. Khalap, Union Minister of State for Law, Legal Affairs & Justice, resources - their exploitation and delivering inaugural address. Seen on his left are Shri R.R. Nair, Dr. E. Desa, Dr. Wilfred conservation • Aquaculture in the D'Souza (Dy Chief Minister, Govt. of Goa) and Dr. Ch.M. Rao. Inset: Dr. D'Souza sea - potentials and challenges. felicitating Shri Nair.

• An international symposium on "Geology and Geophysics of the Indian Ocean" to commemorate the completion of three decades of oceanographic research in India was held from 21-25 October. The objectives of the symposium were to bring the results of various studies to a common platform, to promote exchange of ideas, to find out the gaps in existing knowledge and to develop collaborative programmes

40 Meetings for a better understanding of the Indian Ocean. • A joint meeting of TOGA-TAO Implementation • An international planning meeting on INDOEX The main sponsors of the symposium were the Panel and CLIVAR - Monsoon Panel was held (Indian Ocean Experiment) was held during Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, during 18-22 November. Thirty Scientists January 8-9. The main objective was to finalise Department of Ocean Development, Office of including 27 from abroad participated. The the design of an experimental programme for Naval Research, USA, Department of Science meeting was • to review the present status of the main pre-lndoex cruise to be organised and Technology, Oil and Natural Gas TAO array • to address technical and logistic during February-March 98, in the Tropical Corporation Ltd., Gas Authority of India Ltd. and issues related to its maintenance • to provide a Indian Ocean. Nine US scientists and eleven International Lithosphere Programme. forum for discussion of possible expansion of Indian scientists representing various the array to other tropical oceans • to promote organisations in the country participated in the above meeting. The US team was led by Prof. One hundred and eighty members participated scientific utilization of TAO data. V. Ramanathan, Scripps Institution of in the symposium (USA-15, Japan-4, UK-2, • The Second Meeting of the Indo-Russian Sub- Oceanography, San Diego. The meeting Russia-2 and one each from Canada, Norway, working Group on Oceanology was held during deliberated extensively on the various surface Denmark, The Netherlands and Sweden, 26-29 November. The progress of ongoing and upper air meteorological measurements to the remaining participants from India). Six key- projects was reviewed to finalise new work be carried out during the cruise, data note addresses and 6 invited talks were plans. The four member Russian delegation requirements for the entire INDOEX, objectives delivered besides 59 oral presentations was led by Dr. Igov Shaboneev of the State and the data management programme. At the and 41 posters. The technical sessions Committee of the Russian Federation for end of the meeting a tentative experiment covered • Structure and Tectonics • Particle Flux Science and Technology, Moscow. design document on INDOEX and the cruise and Sedimentary Processes • Sea-level Academician G.I. Marchuk, who was on visit programme for ORV Sagar Kanya to be Changes and Paleoceanography • Non-living to India also participated in the working group organised during February-March 1998, was Resources and Technology • Policy & meeting. The Indian delegation was led by Dr. finalised. Economics. E. Desa, Director, NIO. • A meeting of the working group on Indian During the symposium, Mr. R.R. Nair, Deputy Work plans were drawn for the following Climate Research Programme (ICRP) - Ocean Director and a well recognised geological projects: • Studies on air-sea interaction Programme component covering in-situ oceanographer known for several important processes and development of a coupled sea- observations, satellite and modelling aspects contributions to the understanding of air model for the tropical Indian Ocean was held during 26-27 March. Six members sedimentological processes on the Western • Variability of surface circulation on the Indian including three from outside organisations Continental Shelf, particle fluxes in the Arabian Ocean using altimetry • Deep crustal study of participated in the deliberations. Sea and the Bay of Bengal and the national the Arabian Sea • Identification of the presence programme on polymetallic nodule exploration, of antiviral drug (MUHY) in the Indian green was felicitated. mussel. An Aide-Memoire was also signed.

41 Appendix - III

Awards & Honours

Seven of our colleague were honoured with awards and fellowships. The country's most coveted "Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize" (instituted by CSIR) comes to the institute for the third time. Dr. Shyam M. Gupta received the Rajiv Gandhi Research grant from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. Bangalore for developing innovative ideas in Paleoclimate and Dr. Shridhar Iyer was awarded the Raman Research Fellowship to work on "Volcanics of the Central Indian Ocean". at the Michigan Technology University. Houghton, USA.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize

• Dr. S.VV.A. Naqvi was honoured with the country's most prestigious scientific award, the "Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize", for 1996 in Earth. Atmosphere. Ocean and Planetary Sciences. His research in biogeochemical cycling has greatly improved the understanding of the processes unique to the hypoxic environments with implications on ocean productivity, atmospheric composition and climate. His results have provided new insights into tne transformations within the coupled carbon and nitrogen systems and important constraints on the global budgets of these elements including their fluxes across tne air- sea interface.

Dr. Naqvi receiving the prize from the Prime Minister Shn Deve Gowda.

National Mineral Award

• Drs. Shyam Murty Gupta and OS. Chauhan received the National Mineral Award of the Ministry of Mines. Govt. of India for 1995 for their contributions in Marine Geology. Dr. Guptas contribution was in the field of micropaleontology & paleoceanography while Dr Chauhan's contribution was in physiography, tectonics and sedimentary processes. Drs. Gupta and Chauhan receiving the award from Shri Birendra Prasad Baishya, Union Minister of Steel and Mines.

42 • Dr. Kolluru Sree Krishna, was awarded the M.S. Krishnan Gold Medal for 1996 for his significant contributions in the field of marine geophysics. His studies on the intra- continental breakup of eastern Gondwanaland, the lithospheric plate boundaries and motions and spreading centers have addressed many unresolved problems. Felicitation from Dr. H.K. Gupta, President IGU & Director, NGRI.

• Dr. Baban Ingole was awarded the Zahoor Qasim Gold Medal by the Society of Biosciences for the year 1994-95 for his useful contributions to water management in aquaculture systems and environmental assessment.

Ph.D

Title of the thesis University Guide

Anthony Joseph K. Analysis of the performance of a Pressure Transducer Goa University, Goa. Dr. J.A.E. Desa, Goa University. for sea-level measurement.

Heavy mineral placers in the nearshore areas of South Tamil University, Thanjavur. Prof. G. Victor Rajamanickam, Gujar Anup R. Konkan, Maharashtra - Their nature of distribution, Tamil University, & Dr. B.G. origin and economic evaluation. Wagle, NIO, Goa. Iyer Sridhar A study of the volcanics of the Central Indian Ocean Jadavpur University Prof. A.D. Mukherjee, Jadavpur Basin and their relationship to ferromanganese University and Shri R.R. Nair, deposits. NIO, Goa.

Sardessai Sugandhini Humic substances in the marine environment of India. Bombay University, Mumbai. Dr. R. Sen Gupta, NIO, Goa.

Sawant S.S. Studies on some aspects of antifouling in the marine Goa University, Goa. environment. Dr. A.B. Wagh, NIO, Goa.

Tripati Sila Study of the ports and maritime activities of Kalinga. Berhampur University, Dr. L.N. Raut, Berhampur Orissa. University. Appendix - IV

Council Members & Staff on Committees

Councils Dr. H.K. Gupta Management Council Director (August 1994-July 1997) National Geophysical Research Institute Research Council Uppal Road Dr. E. Desa (Chairman) (August 1994-July 1997) Hyderabad - 500 007 Director, NIO

Dr. S.Z. Qasim (Chairman) Prof. K.S. Valdiya Dr. R.N. Singh Chairman, Board of Governors Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Director Delhi Institute of Technology Advanced Scientific Research Centre for Mathematical Modelling Kashmiri Gate Indian Institute of Science Campus and Computer Simulations Delhi-110 006 Bangalore-560 012 NAL, P.B. 1779 Bangalore-560 017 Dr. S.K. Singh Shri S. Gopalan Head Development Advisor Dr. Vijaykumaran Nair Institute of Engg. & Ocean Tech. Ministry of Surface Transport Scientist Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Parivahan Bhavan Regional Research Laboratory P.B. No. 123 Sansad Marg Industrial Estate P.O. Panvel-410 221 New Delhi -110 001 Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019

Dr. P.K. Rudra Shri M.B. Goswami Shri L.V.G. Rao Chairman Scientist Scientist F, NIO, Goa Consultancy Development Centre Planning Coordination Division International Trade Tower Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Dr. Lata Raghukumar Nehru Place Anusandhan Bhavan Scientist, NIO, Goa New Delhi-110 019 Rafi Marg New Delhi-110 001 Prof. V.S. Raju Dr. M. Dileep Kumar Scientist, NIO, Goa Director Dr. E. Desa Indian Institute of Technology Director, NIO Hauz Khas Road Dona Paula Dr. P. Chandramohan New Delhi-110 016 Goa - 403 004 Scientist, NIO, Goa

Dr. S.A.H. Abidi Dr. M.D. Zingde (Secretary) Shri CM. Dias Director Scientist-in-charge Sr. F&A O, NIO, Goa Central Institute of Fisheries Education NIO Regional Centre J.P. Road, Versova Sea Shell Building, Versova Shri M.R. Rajan Pillai (Secretary) Andheri (West) Mumbai - 400 061 COA, NIO, Goa Mumbai - 400 061 Dr. M. Dileep Kumar (Local Secy) Dr. George John Scientist, NIO, Goa Director Department of Biotechnology CGO Complex, Block 2, 7-8th Floor Lodi Road New Delhi-110 003

Dr. Dilip Biswas Chairman Central Pollution Control Board Parivesh Bhavan East Arjun Nagar New Delhi-110 032 Staff on Committees Intergovernmental Oceanographic b) National Committees Commission (IOC) - Training, Education & Mutual Assistance (TEMA) Committee. a) International Committees • Director (Dr. E. Desa) • Dr. D. Chandramohan - Task Force for Examining CZM Plans for all Coastal Stretches of the Country, Ministry of • Dr. E. Desa - Editorial Board, Journal of Marine Environment & Forests, Govt. of India - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - Biotechnology (Springer Verlag), Netherlands - Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Ocean Chapter - National representative for Marine Research, SCOR - India - WG-II J-GOSS-Joint IOC/WHO Working Biotechnology Committee, Group of Experts on "Operations - Indian Climate Research Programme and Technical Applications" • Dr. D. Gopala Rao - Naval Research Board, Defence Research & - Oman-India Pipeline Project, Texas, USA - International Committee to study the ocean- Development Organisation, Directorate of Naval Research Development, New Delhi - Commonwealth Science Council Programme continent boundary lithosphere (ILP) on Cooperation in Oceanography - International Network of Scientists on Ocean - Coastal Protection & Development Advisory Board, Water Resources, Govt. of India - Indian delegation member to Executive Drilling Programme Council & General Assembly of IOC - Inter Ridge Programme, !CSU - National Science Museums - Indo-Russian sub-working group on Science - Governing Council and Governing Body, & Technology Cooperation in Oceanology • Shri J.S. Sarupria National Institute of Ocean Technology, DOD, New Delhi - Editorial Board, Indian Journal Marine - National Co-ordinator for International Sciences Oceanographic Data/Information Exchange - Data Buoys Committee for DOD Committee (IOC/UNESCO) - Independent World Commission on the - Ocean Information Services of DOD Oceans - Science & Technology Panel - International Joint Global Ocean Flux - Sea truth validation programme of DOD Studies, Data Management Task Team (DMTT) - Research Council of National Geophysical • Shri R.R. Nair Research Institute - Indian Ocean Planning Group (IOPG) of • Dr. N.B. Bhosle - Advisory Committee on Environment, ONGC, JGOFS - Editorial Board, International Journal of Dehradun - Editorial Board, Marine Geodesy (Taylor & Biofouling (Harwood Academic Publishers), - Editorial Board, Indian Journal of Marine Francis), Washington UK. Sciences • Dr.A.B. Wagh - State Committee on Science, Technology and • Dr. M. Madhupratap Environment, Thiruvananthapuram - Editorial Board, International Journal of - Advisory Board, Journal of Plankton Biology - Goa Chapter of Science Museums Biofouling (Harwood Academic Publishers), and Ecology, Tokyo. UK - Academic & Executive Councils of University • Shri M.P. Tapaswi of Goa • Shri LV.G. Rao - Group of Experts on Marine Information - Hindi Implementation Committee, Goa - Chairman, International Buoy Programme of Management of IOC - Technical Advisory Council, Economic WMO/IOC for Indian Ocean Development Corporation, Govt. of Goa • Dr. S.W.A. Naqvi - Governing Board, Water Resources, Govt. of • Dr. A.G. Untawale - International Evaluation of JGOFS India - Executive Council, International Society for - JGOFS/IGAC Task Team for Biogeochemical Mangrove Ecosystem (ISME), Japan Ocean Atmosphere Transfer • Dr.A.B.Wagh - Editorial Committee, Aquatic Conservation: - Expert Group on Water Transport constituted Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (John • Dr. R. Nigam by the Science Advisory Council of Prime Wiley), England - Co-ordinating Scientist, IPAGES-II of Indian Minister - Expert Committee for Identification of Programme of IGBP Mangrove Germplasm Centres in Asia, • Shri L.V.G. Rao Pacific and Africa, ITTO • Dr. S.R. Shetye - Programme Coordinator for WOCE (Implementation of IOC programmes) • Shri M.R. Nayak - Indian Ocean Panel on Coastal Ocean - Steering Committee on Remote Sensing for Advanced Science & Technology Studies - Editorial Board, The Global Atmosphere & Ocean Development (MARS1S) (COASTS), IOC Ocean System, USA - Member-Secretary, DOD Working Group on - Editorial Board, Journal of Coastal Research, - IOC Group of Experts on Global Ocean Seatruth Collection Sealevel Observing System USA - NNRMS/DOD Working Group on Oceansat - Instrumentation of Electronics & Electrical - Co-ordinator, lOC-UNEP-WMO-Pilot Project Series Programme (OSP) Engineers (IEEE) Technical Committee on on Sealevel Changes and Associated - DST-MONTCLIM Project Advisory and Standards, USA Coastal Impacts in the Indian Ocean Monitoring Committee (PAMC) - IEEE Test Technology Cosultative Committee, • Dr. Maria R. Menezes • Dr. V.N. Sankaranarayanan USA - Member of a Population Genetics Working - Board of Studies in School of Environmental - IEEE Computer Soc. Multiple-Valued Logic Group of the "International Genetics Working Studies, Cochin University of Science & Committee, USA Group of SPACC (small pelagic fish and Technology - Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) climate change)" - Board of Studies, Mariculture School of Committee of the Marine Technology Society, Marine Sciences, Cochin University of USA • Dr. R. Mukhopadhyay Science & Technology - SCOR Working Group 99 on Ridge - World Ocean Circulation Experiment - • Dr. A.G. Untawale Surface Velocity Programme (WOCE-SVP) Research, ICSU Committee on Drifting Buoys, UK - Editorial Board, Conservation of Biodiversity • Dr. S. Prasanna Kumar in India, Min. of Environment & Forests • Dr. Sumitra Vijayaraghavan - Implementation Panel, Tropical Ocean - Editorial Board, Indian Journal of Marine - Nominated Member from India on Global Atmosphere -GOOS/GSCO/CLIVER Sciences

45 • Shri M.R. Nayak • Dr. C.G. Naik • Dr. M. Madhupratap - Fellow, Instruments of Electronics & - Board of Studies in Chemistry, Goa University - Associate Co-ordinator, National Committee Telecommunication Engineers. (JGOFS-INDIA) • Dr. R. Nigam - Fellow, Int'l. Inst. of Management Sciences, • Dr. Z.A. Ansari Calcutta. - Executive Council Paleontological Society of India - Committee on Working Group on Satellite - Indian Physics Association. Derived Potential Fishery Zone Forecast - Society of Electronics Engineers. • Dr. S.R. Shetye - Subgroup II and III of Working Group on - Syllabus Committee, Govt. Polytechnic, Goa. - Editorial Board of Current Science Potential Fishing Forecast. PFZ Modelling - Editorial Board of Proceedings of Indian with Satellite and Seatruth Data • Dr. D. Chandramohan Academy of Sciences (Earth & Planetary - Expert Group on "Marine Environment and Sciences) • Dr. S. Raghukumar Coastal Zone" for formulation of IXth V year - Research Advisory Committee, Department of - President, Association of Micro-biologists of Plan Programmes of DOD Ocean Development, New Delhi India, Goa Chapter - Member-Secretary, National Committee for - Council, Mycological Society of India • Dr. D. Gopala Rao IUGG, Indian National Science Academy, - Board of Post-Graduate Studies in Marine New Delhi • Shri M.P. Tapaswi Geology and Geophysics, Cochin & - Co-ordinator for Committee on Bibliographic Mangalore Universities • Dr. N. Bahulayan and Referral Data Format Standardization for - Expert Committee on Bay of Bengal Fan - Working Group of DOD Biodiversity Information Network of Ministry of Studies, DOD, New Delhi Environment and Forests, Government of - Board of Studies in Oceanography, Cochin India University of Science and Technology, Kochi • Dr. N.H. Hashimi - National Committee for WRCP constituted by • Shri M.C. Pathak - Board of Studies for Post-Graduate Studies in the Indian National Science Academy, New - High Power Committee on Coastal Mapping, Marine Geology and Geology, Mangalore Delhi University, Mangalagangotri Department of Science and Technology - Member, Doctoral Evaluation Committee, - Committee on Development of Inland - Board of Studies in Geology, Shivaji Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Waterways, ASOCHEM, New Delhi University, Kolhapur Institute of Technology, New Delhi - Committee on Fixation of High Water Line, - Governing Council of Indian Association of Govt. of Goa Sedimentologists • Shri V. Ramesh Babu - Member, Working Group of National Natural • Dr. V.K. Dhargalkar • Shri J.S. Sarupria Resources Management System (NNRMS) - Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research - Steering Committee, Marine Satellite - Standing Committee on Ocean Resources (SCAR) Information System (MARSIS) of DOD. (SC-O) on Retrieval of Ocean Parameters from Microwave Satellite Data. - CSIR - Steering Committee on Antarctic - Steering Committee and Working Group on Research National Oceanographic Information System • Dr. N.B. Bhosle (NOIS) of DOD. • Dr. R. Mukhopadhyay - Board of Studies in Microbiology, Goa - Central Geological Programming Board, • Dr. C.T. Achuthankutty University Geological Survey of India - Goa State Expert Committee for Prawn - President, Association of Alumni of Farms Microbiologists of Goa University - Executive Committee, Indian Society of - Board of Studies in Marine Biotechnology, Crustacean Biology Goa University

46 Appendix - V

Deputations

Country visited Duration Purpose

Meetings

Dr. Ehrlich Desa France Apr. 23-25 The third meeting of J-GOOS.

Germany Apr. 26-28 Meeting on Indo-German Bilateral Co-operation. Shri R.R. Nair & Germany Apr 26 - May 4 Indo-German collaborative programme at Hamburg University, Dr. V. Ramaswamy Apr. 26 - Jun. 26 Hamburg.

Shri M.R. Nayak France WOCE (WCRP) Surface Velocity Programme (SVP) meeting in May 14-17 Toulouse, France.

Dr. Sumitra Vijayaraghavan France Meeting of TEMA Expert Group on Capacity Building in Marine Jul.8-10 Sciences and Services.

Dr. S.W.A. Naqvi The Netherlands Meeting of the Oceanography Society's (TOS) and CEREGE, and France Jul. 8-16 University of Aix-Marseille III. Dr. A.G Untawale General Assembly on ISME and Symposium on Significance of Thailand Aug. 19-20 Mangrove Ecosystems for Coastal People.

Dr. E. Desa Sep. 10-13 International Meeting on - In Situ Observations for the Global Switzerland Observing System Development of an Integrated Strategy & Identification of Priorities for Implementation.

Paris Sep. 29 - Oct. 6 Meeting of the Executive Council IOC, Paris.

Dr. R. Mukhopadhyay UK Sep. 16-20 Twenty third General Meeting of SCOR.

Drs. A.B. Wagh USA Sep. 21-28 Review Meeting of ONR (Office of Naval Research) A.C. Anil Programme on Research in the area of minimally adhesive polymers and fouling release coating .

Shri L.V.G. Rao La-Reunion Sep. 23-25 Second preparatory meeting of International Buoy Programme for Indian Ocean.

Dr. S.N. de Sousa The Netherlands Sep. 24 - Oct. 1 Certification for Auto Analyser.

Dr. Elgar Desa Switzerland Oct. 16-18 Meeting of GCOS, GOOS and GTOS.

Dr. M. Dileep Kumar UK Jan.11-15,'97 The Meeting of Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), London and University of Anglia, Norwich.

Shri J.S. Sarupria UK Jan. 25-28 Meeting of JGOFS Data Management Task Team Bidston, Birkenhead, U.K.

Workshops/Conferences

Shri K. Santanam Malaysia May 13-21 Technology Transfer Workshop on the use of Radarsat Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Conducted jointly by Commonwealth Science Council, UK and Radarsat International, Canada.

Shri K. Arvind Ghosh Germany May 19-24 Workshop on Biological & Chemical Data Management.

47 Country visited Duration Purpose

Shri M.P. Tapaswi Italy May 27 - Jun. 7 Conducting training programme on ASFA Input Methodology at FAO.

Dr. M.R. Ramesh Kumar Cairo Jun. 22-27 Joint Workshop/Meeting on Oceanography and Fisheries & Shri A.V. Mandalia under Indo-Egypt S & T Agreement.

Dr. Anupam Sarkar Singapore Jun. 23-28 Conference on 'Water Quality International -1996'.

Dr. M.R. Ramesh Kumar Italy Jul. 15-26 Workshop on El-Nino, Southern Oscillation and Monsoon.

Shri T. Pankajakshan Canada Aug. 13-16 Pacific Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC '96).

Dr. M. Veerayya Belgium Sep. 18-20 Master Workshop on Gas Hydrates.

Dr. Vishwas Chavan Japan Sep. 29 -Oct. 5 International CODATA Conference and General Asssembly.

Shri K.H. Vora Australia Nov. 1-10 Annual Conference of IGCP-367 on Late Quaternary Coastal Records of Rapid Changes, Application to Present and Future Condition.

Dr. S.P. Fondekar Kuwait Nov. 18-20 International Conference on Long Term Environmental Effects of the Gulf War.

Dr. P.V. Narvekar USA Dec. 15-19 American Geophysical Union Conference.

Dr. S.R. Shetye USA Mar. 17-18,'97 Workshop on Geodetic Fixing of Tide Gauge Bench Marks at the JPL, California Inst.of Tech., USA.

Mar. 19-21 V IOC meet on Global Sealevel Obseving System.

Training I Visiting Scientist

Ms. Vani B. Peshwe Sweden Apr. 10-May 15 Training programme on Coastal & Marine Pollution and Prevention conducted by M/s SSPA Maritime Consultants, Sweden.

Dr. A.L. Paropkari Germany Apr. 27 - Jun. 28 Paleoclimatic studies at the Institute of Baltic Sea Research, University of Rostock, Germany.

Dr. P.S. Parameswaran USA May 1 - Oct. 31 Visiting scientist at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA.

Dr. S.C. Goswami USA May 22 - Jul. 9 Familiarisation with techniques in Genetic variability in zooplankton at University of Charleston & Rosential School of Marine Science, Miami.

Dr. Usha Goswami USA May 22 - Aug. 31 Familiarisation with techniques in Genetic variability in zooplankton at University of Charleston & Rosential School of Marine Science, Miami.

Shri Amal Jayakumar USA May 27 - Nov. 27 Training on the Mechanisms of denitrification/nitrification using molecular probes.

Dr. C.T. Achuthankutty USA Jul. 8 - Oct. 7 Familiarisation course in Biochemical and Molecular Techniques at Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences.

Dr. S.N. Harkantra USA Jul. 15,'96- Familiarisation in Bioturbation techniques at Marine Science Jan. 15, '97. Research Centre, State University of New York.

Dr. P.A. Loka Bharati USA Jul. 24 - Nov. 26 Familiarization with biochemical techniques applicable to trophic dynamics studies at University of Delaware.

48 Country visited Duration Purpose

Dr. B. Nagendra Nath Denmark Aug. 1 -14 Visiting Scientist at Riso National Laboratory, Denmark.

Dr. N.B. Bhosle USA Nov. 25 - Familiarisation with technique for studies on exopolysaccharide May 19, '97 in particle sedimentation Under Indo-US project.

Dr. Z.A. Ansari Russia Feb. 15-22 DOD delegation for finalisation of distrubance programme Dr. S.N. de Souza under PMN - EIA studies. Dr. R. Sharma

Cruise participation

Shri K. Amarlingeswar Rao Bombay-Mauritius Aug. 2-15 XBT (TOGA) cruise.

Sep. 15-30 XBT (TOGA) cruise.

Shri A. Suryachandra Rao Bombay-Mauritius Oct. 15-Nov. 4 XBT (TOGA) cruise.

S/shri M.S.S. Sarma and Bombay- Mauritius Nov. 19 - Dec. 4 XBT (TOGA) cruise. V.B. Gawas Shri V.V. Gopalakrishna Bombay - Mauritius Dec. 20 - Jan. 3, '97 XBT (TOGA) cruise.

S/Shri G. Parthiban and Singapore - Cochin Feb. 8-25 Cruise on board R.V. Sonne under Indo-German collabortion. Areef Sardar

Dr. V.V. Gopalakrishna and Seychelles and Feb. 27-Apr. 10 XBT (TOGA) cruise. Shri A. Suryachandra Rao Mauritius Appendix - VI

Visitors

•3 June Prof. G.U. Shenxing, Counsellor, Science & Technology and Mr. Cao Jianye, Second Secretary, Embassy of the People's Republic of China.

•21 June Mr. Alain Boismery, Cultural and Scientific Counsellor, French Embassy.

•12 July Gen. Sunit Rodrigues (Retd.). Delivered the Dr. Pannikkar Memorial Lecture on "India ahead'.

•13 July Dr. Ivan Robson, Consultant, British Deputy High Commissioner, British Council Division, Calcutta. Information on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Warm reception to Gen. Rodrigues by Dr. E. Desa, • 26-27 September Director, NIO An Italian delegation consisting of Prof. G. Cimino, Prof. G. Dallaporta and Dr. Stefano Masi to explore Indo-ltalian scientific collaboration. • 2 November Dr. Premsai Singh, Minister of Fisheries and Dairy • 4-7 October Development, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh. Visited the Prof. H. Latsch and Prof. Sicker, German Scientists under aquaculture laboratory and prawn hatchery facilities. CSIR exchange programme on air-sea interaction and monsoon studies using Satellite data. •12-14 November A five member Chinese delegation - Profs. Zhao Minguiang, • 28 October Tong Daoyu, Chang Qiug, (Mrs.) Xu Jaiamin and Zhang, S., Prof. Rodey Batiza, University of Hawai, USA. Delivered a under the CSIR-NSFC China programme on S & T co- talk on Submersible study of hyaloclastites on seamounts : operation to explore the possibility of joint collaboration. implications for explosive volcanism in the deep sea. •13 November Dr. Annie M.L. Michard, Director, CNRS, University of Marseille, France. Delivered a talk on strontium and neodymium systematics of the eastern Mediterranean sapropels.

• 14 November Dr. John M. Morrison, Associate Professor, Dept. of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., USA. Delivered talks on (i) Preliminary results from JGOFS and WOCE work in the Indian Ocean and (ii) The role of coupling between the oceans and atmosphere in global climate change.

• 20 November Drs. W.S. Kessler, PMEW, Seattle, USA, J.P. Me Creary, Nova University, USA and S. Godfrey, CSIRO, Hobart, Australia, to attend climate variability studies (CLIVAR) meeting.

• 23 November Shri R.R. Nair apprising Dr. Srinivasan, Member, Planning Commission. Seen on his left is Dr. A.E. Muthunayagam, Secretary, DOD. Dr. M.R. Srinivasan, Member Planning Commission

50 • 27 November • 3 January '97 Academician G.I. Marchuk, former Deputy Prime Minister of Dr. Masafumi Lima, Professor, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki USSR and President of USSR Academy of Sciences. University, Japan. Delivered a lecture on "Seaweed utilisation Delivered a talk on "Conjugate equations and analysis of as food". complex systems". • 8 January

Her Excellency Ms. Olga Chamero Trias, Cuban Ambassador.

Academician Marchuk in discussion with NIO scientists.

• 29 November Apprising to H.E. Ms. Trias.

Prof. Govind Swarup, FRS, Director, GMRT Project, Pune. Delivered a talk on "Are we alone in our galaxy?" • 13-18 January • 3 December Prof. Shin Kubota, Associate Professor, SETO Marine Shri Prashant Naik, Information Scientist, Bioinformatics Biological Laboratory, Koyoto University, Japan for Centre, University of Poona. Delivered lectures on (i) Internet collaborative work. and publishing over net and (ii) Expert system for identification of organisms.

• 5 December Prof. Bess B. Ward of University of California, USA. Deliv- ered a talk "Nitrification and denitrification: what we have • 3 February learned about their biogeochemistry from molecular biology?" Shri Bali Rama Bhagat, Governor of Rajasthan. •18 December Dr. Jerome Dyment; CNRS and University of Brest, France. Delivered lectures on: (i) A new plate tectonic evolution model of the Arabian and Eastern Somali Basin and (ii) Deccan - Reunion hotspot history revisited.

• 24-25 December Prof. Y.K. Alagh, Union Minister for Planning, Programme Implementation and Science & Technology and Vice- President of CSIR.

Hon'ble Governor Shri Bhagat enquiring about the Dwarka antiquities.

Interaction with Prof. Alagh.

51 • 3-8 February

An American team comprising Drs. Bernard J. Zahuranec, ONR, Jim Coyer, Monterey Bay and Mr. S.K. Dutt, Consultant, New Delhi in connection with the Indo-US project on Trophic Dynamics.

•11-12 February The CNRS (France) delegation consisting of Dr. Daniel Cadet and Dr. Alain Deroulede, Direction des relations internationales.

•21 February A Norwegian team from Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC) consisting of Profs. Bjorn Landmark, Ola M. Johannessen, Geir Evensen, Miss Vibeke Jensen and Dr. Paul Samuel.

• 24 February- 24 April Prof. Yu. P. Neprochnov, Dr. T. Tchernov and Dr. Boris Grinko, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, under the Indo- Russian collaboration project "Study of the Indian Ocean Lithosphere".

•21 March His Excellency Luiz Filipe De Macedo Soares, Ambassador of Brazil and His Excellency Mr. Ousman Ali, High Commissioner of Trinidad and Tobago.

•31 March Twenty-three foreign diplomats (trainees) from Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Panama, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Suriname, Sri Lanka and Uzbekistan, visited through Ministry of External Affairs for exposure in Dr. Cadet (Centre) indicating possible areas of Indo-French oceanographic activities. collaboration.

52 Human Resources & Finances

The total staff in position during 1996-97 was 638, consists of 217 scientific, 272 technical and 149 administrative personnel. During the year ten members of our staff superannuated and three left us for ever.

Goa-518

Human resource at Regional Centres and Head Office.

53 The budget allocation from CSIR was Rs. 12.98 crores and the external cash flow through contract services Rs. 11.01 crores.

NIO budget vis-a-vis external cash flow for the last three years.

54 Appendix - VIII

Patents & Publications

western equatorial Indian Ocean: Results of Gauns, M.U., R. Mohanraju and M. Madhupratap, monthly mean sea surface topography. Proc. 1996. Studies on the microzooplankton from the Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. (A: Phys. Sci.), 62: 325- central and eastern Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci., 71: 347. 874-877.

Banakar, V.K., 1996. India's manganese nodule Goswami, S.C. and G. Padmavati, 1996. mine site in the Central Indian Ocean. Curr. Sci., Zooplankton production, composition and 70:11-13. diversity in the coastal waters of Goa. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25(2): 91-97. Bhattathiri, P.M.A., A. Pant, S. Sawant, M.U. Gauns, S.G.P. Matondkar and R. Mohanraju, Gupta, G.V.M. and V.V. Sarma, 1997. Biogenic 1996. Phytoplankton production and chlorophyll silica in the Bay of Bengal during the southwest distribution in the eastern and central Arabian Sea monsoon. Oceanologica Acta, 20(3): 493-500. in 1994-1995. Curr. Sci., 71: 857-862. Gupta, S.M., A.A. Fernandes and R. Mohan, 1996. Chakraborty, B., D. Pathak, M. Sudhakar and Tropical sea surface temperatures and the Y.S.N. Raju, 1997. Determination of nodule earth's orbital eccentricity cycles. Geophys. Res. coverage parameters using multibeam normal Left., 23(22): 3159-3162. incidence echo characteristics : A study in the Indian Ocean. Marine Georesources and Gupta, S.M., 1996. Quantitative radiolarian Geotechnology, 15(1): 33-48. assemblages in surface sediments from the Central Indian Basin and their paleomonsoonal Chauhan, O.S., 1996. Aeolian deposition of Arabia significance. J. Geol. Soc. India, 47: 339-354. and Somalia sediments on the southwestern continental margin of India. Curr. Sci., 71: 233- Jagtap, T.G. and A.G. Untawale, 1996. 236. Occurrence of Hydroclathrus tenuis Tseng and Clabby, C, U. Goswami, F. Flavin, N.P. Wilkins, Baoren (Phaeophyta) from Gulf of Kutch, J.A. Houghton and R. Powell, 1996. Cloning, northwest coast of India. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25: characterization and chromosomal location of a 277-279. satellite DNA from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea Jayasree, V., K.L. Bhat and A.H. Parulekar, 1996. gigas. Gene, 168:205-209. Occurrence and distribution of soft corals DeSouza, S.N., M. Dileep Kumar, S. Sardessai, (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Andaman V.V.S.S. Sarma and P.V. Shirodkar, 1996. and Nicobar Islands. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., Seasonal variability in oxygen and nutrients in 93: 202-209. the central and eastern Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci., Karisiddaiah, S.M. and M. Veerayya, 1996. 71:847-851. Potential distribution of sub-surface methane in DeSouza, S.N., K. Sawkar and P.V.S.S.D.P. Rao, the sediments of the eastern Arabian Sea and 1996. Environmental changes associated with its possible implications. J. Geophys. Res. monsoon induced upwelling, off central west (Atmosphere), 101: 25887-25895. coast of India. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25:115-119. Kunte, P.D. and B.G. Wagle, 1996. Remote DeSouza, M.J.B.D., S. Nair, J.J. David and D. sensing application for delineating coastal Chandramohan, 1996. Crude oil degradation by Patents filed vegetation - A case study. Curr. Sci., 72: 239- phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. J. Mar. 241. Anil, A.C., C. Venugopal and A.B. Wagh. A process Biotechnol., 4(2): 91-95. for the preparation of an extract from sponge Madhupratap, M., S. Prasanna Kumar, P.M.A. Dileep Kumar, M., S.W.A. Naqvi, M.D. George and Ircinia ramosa, useful as a corrosion inhibitor (No. Bhattathiri, M. Dileep Kumar, S. Raghukumar, D.A. Jayakumar, 1996. A sink for atmospheric 2503/DFL/96 dated 15/11/96). K.K.C. Nair and N. Ramaiah, 1996. Mechanism carbon dioxide in the northeast Indian Ocean. J. of the biological response to winter cooling in Geophys. Res. {C Oceans), 101 (C8): 18121- Sawant, S.S., P.S. Parameswaran, G.Anita, B. Das the northeastern Arabian Sea. Nature, and S.Y. Kamat. An improved process for isolation 18125. 384(6609): 549-552. of β carboline from the sponge Tedania anhelans. Everaarts, J.M. and K. Saraladevi, 1996. Cadmium distribution in the sediment and Lugworm Madhupratap, M., T.C. Gopalakrishnan, P. Arenicola marina in a low concentration exposure Haridas, K.K.C. Nair, P.N. Aravindakshan, G. Papers in refereed journals experiment. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 57: Padmavati and S. Paul, 1996. Lack of seasonal Ansari, Z.A. and M.U. Gauns, 1996. A quantitative 771-778. and geographic variation in mesozooplankton analysis of fine scale distribution of Intertidal biomass in the Arabian Sea and its structure in Fernandes, B. and C.T. Achuthankutty, 1997. Role meiofauna in response to food resources. Indian the mixed layer. Curr. Sci., 71: 863-868. of salinity on food conversion efficiency and J. Mar. Sci., 25: 259-263. growth in juvenile penaeid shrimp Metapenaeus Mascarenhas, A., 1996 Significance of peat on Bahulayan, N. and C. Shaji, 1996. Diagnostic dobsoni (Crustacea/Arthropoda). Indian J. Mar. the western continental shelf of India. J. Geol. model of 3-D circulation in the Arabian Sea and Sci., 26: 31-34. Soc. India., 49:145-152

55 McCreary, J.P., W. Han, D. Shankar and S.R. Ramaiah, N., C. Raghukumar, G. Sheelu and D. Sarma, Y.V.B., P. Seetaramaya, V.S.N. Murty and Shetye, 1996. Dynamics of the east India coastal Chandramohan, 1996. Bacterial abundance, D.P. Rao, 1996. Influence of the monsoon trough current. 2. Numerical solutions. J. Geophys. Res., communities and heterotrophic activities in the on air-sea interaction in the head of the Bay of 101 (C6): 13993-14010. coastal waters off Tamil Nadu. Indian J. Mar. Sci., Bengal during the southwest monsoon of 1990 25:234-239. (monsoon trough boundary layer experiment-90). Mishra, P.D., S. Wahidulla, L D'Souza and S.Y. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 82: 517-526. Kamat, 1996. Lipid constituents of marine sponge Ramaiah, N. and V.R. Nair, 1997. Distribution and Suberites carnosus. Indian J. Chem. (B Org. abundance of copepods in the pollution gradient Sawant, S. and M. Madhupratap, 1996. Med.)., 35: 806-809. zones of Bombay harbour - Thana creek - Seasonality and composition of phytoplankton Bassein creek, West coast of India. Indian J. Mar. in the Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci., 71: 869-873. Mislankar, P.G. and S.D. Iyer, 1996. Origin of Sci., 26: 20-25. Sawant, S.S. and C. Venugopal, 1996. Effect of amphibole-rich beach sands from Tila-Mati, Ramaiah, N., S. Raghukumar and M.U. Gauns, exposure angle on the marine atmospheric Karwar, central-west coast of India. J. Geol. Soc. 1996. Bacterial abundance and production in the corrosion of mild steel. Corros. Prev. Cont., 43(1): India., 47: 499-502. central and eastern Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci., 71: 35-37. Muraleedharan, P.M. and S. Prasanna Kumar, 878-882. Shaji, C and N. Bahulayan, 1996. Diagnostic 1996. Arabian Sea upwelling - A comparison Ramaiah, Neelam, A. Chatterji and M. circulation model for the sensitivity of eddy between coastal and open ocean regions. Curr. Madhupratap, 1996. A study on the zooplankton viscosity coefficients in the western tropical Sci., 71: 842-846. of the Burhabalanga Estuary, Orissa Coast. Proc. Indian Ocean. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25:195-203. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. (B. Biol. Sci.), 62(1): 1-4. Murthy, K.S.R., M.M. Malleswara Rao, K. Shankar, D., J.P. McCreary, W. Han and S.R. Venkateswarlu, A.S. Subrahmanyam, S. Rao, Ch.M. and B.R. Rao, 1996. Phosphorite Shetye, 1996. Dynamics of the east India coastal Lakshminarayana and T.C.S. Rao, 1997. Marine concretions in a sediment core from a current. 1. Analytic solutions forced by interior magnetic anomalies as a link between the bathymetric high off Goa, western continental Ekman pumping and local alongshore winds. J. granulite belts of east coast of India and margin of India. Curr. Sci., 70(4): 308-312. Geophys. Res., 101(C6): 13975-13991. Enderbyland of Antarctica. J. Geol. Soc. of India, Rao, V.P.C. and M. Veerayya, 1996. Submarine 153-158. Shetye S.R., A.D. Gouveia, D. Shankar, S.S.C. terrace limestones from the continental slope off Shenoi, P.N. Vinayachandran, D. Sundar, G.S. Saurashtra-Bombay : Evidences of Late Murty Ramana, T.V., Y.K. Somayajulu and C.S. Michael and G. Nampoothiri, 1996. Hydrography Quaternary neotectonic activity. Curr. Sci., 71: Murty, 1996. Reconstruction of sound speed and circulation in the western Bay of Bengal 36-41. profile through natural generalised inverse during the northeast monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., technique. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25: 328-334. Rao, V.P.C. and M. Lamboy, 1996. Genesis of 101(C6): 14011-14025. apatite in the phosphatized limestones of the Nair Maheswari, K.K. Balachandran, V.N. Shirodkar, P.V. and X. Yingkai, 1997. Isotopic western continental shelf of India. Mar. Geol., Sankaranarayanan and Thresiamma Joseph, compositions of boron in sediments and their 136:41-53. 1997. Heavy metals and fishes from coastal implications. Curr. Sci., 72: 74-77. waters of Cochin. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 26: 98-100 Rao, V.P.C. and M. Thamban, 1997. Dune associated carcretes, rhizoliths and paleosols Sreepada, R.A., C.U. Rivonkar and A.H. Parulekar, Nasnolkar, C.M., P.V. Shirodkar and S.Y.S. from the western continental shelf of India. J. 1996. Particulate carbohydrate and proteins in Singbal, 1996. Studies on organic carbon, Geol. Soc. India, 49: 297-306. the Bay of Bengal. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of 43(3): 295-310. Mandovi Estuary, Goa. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25(2): Rao, V.P.C, M. Veerayya, M. Thamban and B.G. 120-124. Wagle, 1996. Evidences of Late Quaternary Subbaraju, L.V. and B.G. Wagle, 1996. Gas- neotectonic activity and sea-level changes along charged sediments in shallow waters off Redi Navelkar, G.S., Y.K. Somayajulu and C.S. Murty, the western continental margin of India. Curr. along the central west coast of India. Curr. Sci., 1996. Sound field computations in the Bay of Sci., 71(3): 213-219. 71:416-419. Bengal using parabolic equation method. Indian Sudhakar, M. and B. Vijaykumar, 1996. A new J. Mar. Sci., 25: 179-183. Sadhuram, Y, 1997. Predicting monsoon rainfall and pressure indices from sea surface international order on oceans- Indian Padmavati, G. and S.C. Goswami, 1996. temperature. Curr. Sci., 72(3): 166-168. perspective. Curr. Sci., 71: 432-438. Zooplankton distribution in neuston and water Sajeev, R., V.N. Sankaranarayanan, P. Suresh, T, 1996. Improved method of generating column along west coast of India from Goa to bit reversed numbers for calculating Fast Fourier Gujarat. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25: 85-90. Chandramohan and K.S.N. Nampoodiripad, 1996. Seasonal changes of the sediment size transform. Defence Science Jour., 46: 253-255. Padmavati, G. and S.C. Goswami, 1996. distribution and stability along the beaches of Suresh, T, E.S. Desa, R.G.P. Desai, A. Jayaraman Zooplankton ecology in the Mandovi-Zuari Kerala, Southwest coast of India. Indian J. Mar. and P. Mehra, 1996. Photosynthetically available estuarine system of Goa, west coast of India. Sci., 25:216-220. radiation in the central and eastern Arabian Sea. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 25: 268-273. Santhakumari, V. and K.J. Peter, 1996. Relative Curr. Sci., 71: 883-887. Parameswaran, P.S., C.G. Naik, B. Das, S.Y. abundance and diurnal variations of zooplankton Tripati, S., A.S. Gaur, Sundaresh and P. Gudigar, Kamat, A.K. Bose and M.S.R. Nair, 1996. from Southwest coast of India. J. Indian Fish. 1996. Marine archaeological explorations in the Constituents of the brown alga Padina Ass., 23: 73-85. Kaveripoompattinam region : Fresh light on the tetrastromatica (Hauck)-ll. Indian J. Chem. (B Sarma, V.V., S.J.D. Varaprasad, G.V.M. Gupta and structural remains. Man and Environment, 21(1): Org. Med.)., 35: 463-467. U. Sudhakar, 1996. Petroleum hydrocarbons and 86-90. Prasad, T.G. and N. Bahulayan, 1996. Mixed layer trace metals in Visakhapatnam harbour and Varkey, M.J., 1996. Richardson number, stability depth and thermocline climatology of the Arabian Kakinada Bay, East coast of India. Indian J. Mar. and turbulence - A coherent view. Indian J. Mar. Sea and western equatorial Indian Ocean. Indian Sci., 25: 148-150. Sci., 25: 160-162. J. Mar. Sci., 25: 189-194. Sarma, V.V.S.S., M. Dileep Kumar, M.D. George Varkey, M.J., V.S.N. Murty and A. Suryanarayana, Prasanna Kumar, S. and T.G. Prasad, 1996. Winter and A. Rajendran, 1996. Seasonal variations in 1996. Physical oceanography of the Bay of cooling in the northern Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci., inorganic carbon components in the central and Bengal and Andaman Sea. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 71:834-841. eastern Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci., 71: 852-856. Annu. Rev., 34: 1-70.

56 Vora, K.H., B.G. Wagle, M. Veerayya, F. Almeida Underwater Acoustics, Greece, 24-28 June 1996, Heywood, K.J. and Y.K. Somayajulu, 1997. Eddy and S.M. Karisiddaiah, 1996.1300 km long late 99-104. activity in the South Indian Ocean from ERS-1 Pleistocene-Holocene shelf edge barrier reef Altimetry. Proc. Third ERS Symposium held at Chandramohan, P., V. Sanil Kumar, D. llangovan system along the western continental shelf of Florence, Italy, 18-21 March, 1997. India: Occurrence and significance. Mar. Geol., and S. Jaya Kumar, 1997. Location of marine 134(1-2): 145-162. outfall and design of diffuser for a shore based Lalithambika Devi, C.B., Rosamma Stephen, P.N. industry off south east coast of India. Proc. Aravindakshan and P.P. Meenakshikunjamma, Wagle, B.G. and M. Veerayya, 1996. Submerged National Conference on Environmental 1996. Ichthyoplankton from Andaman and sand ridges on the western continental shelf off Hydraulics and Free Surface Flows, 25-30. Nicobar Seas. Proc. Second Workshop on Bombay, India: Evidence for Late Pleistocene Chatterji, A., A.H. Parulekar and S.Z. Qasim, Scientific Results of FORV Sagar Sampada, V.K. Holocene sea-level changes. Mar. Geol., 136(1- 1996. Nesting behaviour of the Indian horseshoe Pillai, et. al., (Eds.), DOD, New Delhi, 239-248. 2): 79-95. crab, Tachypleus gigas (Muller) (Xiphosura). In: Madhupratap, M., 1996. Some special features India's Exclusive Economic Zone: Resources, of the trophic relationships in the Arabian Sea. Contributions in Proceedings and Exploitation, Management, S.Z. Qasim and G.S. In: India's Exclusive Economic Zone: Resources, Roonwal (Eds.), G.S. Omega Scientific Publ., Exploitation, Management, S.Z. Qasim, G.S. Books New Delhi, 142-155. Roonwal (Eds.), Omega Scientific Publ., New Ansari, Z.A., B.S. Ingole and A.H. Parulekar, 1996. Fernandes, A.A, Y.V.B. Sarma and H.B. Menon, Delhi., 87-93. Reassessment of bottom communities of 1996. Wave directional spectrum from array Mandal, S., 1996. Optimal parametric modelling estuarine complex at Goa in relation to measurements. Proc. International Conf. in of measured short waves. Proc. International Anthropogenic charges. Proceedings of X Annual Ocean Engineering, IIT, Madras, 243-248. Conf. in Ocean Engineering, IIT, Madras, 237- Conference of National Environmental Science 242. Academy, 33-36. Gaur, A.S., 1997. Ceramic industries of Poompuhar. In: An Integrated Approach to Mandal, S., P. Chandramohan, N.S.N. Raju and Ansari, Z.A. and P. Farshchi, 1996. Acute toxicity Marine Archaeology, Proc. Fourth Indian Conf. K.C. Pathak, 1996. Ocean outfall off Mangalore, and effect of some petroleum hydrocarbons on on Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean west coast of India. Proc. International Conf. in the metabolic index in Etroplus suratensis. Proc. Countries, Society for Marine Archaeology, Goa, Ocean Engineering, IIT, Madras, 537- 540. Recent Advances in Biosciences, 147-152. 127-132. Nair, V.R. and N. Ramaiah, 1996. Zooplankton Ghosal, S.K. and D. Pathak, 1996. Modelling of Anthony, Joseph and Ehrlich Desa, 1997. Acoustic characteristics of the coastal ecosystem off an interoperable parallel file system. In : Trends remote sensing of ocean flows. In : Acoustic Bombay, India. Pelagic Biogeography ICoPB II. in Advanced Computing (ADCOMP 96), P.S. Remote Sensing Applications, S.P. Singbal (Ed.), Proc. Second International Conference, IOC/ Nagendra Rao and Ravi Mittal (Eds.), Tata Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 19: 407- UNESCO, i-vii. 446. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 52-55. Nambirajan, M. and A.S. Gaur, 1997. River ports Gopalakrishnan, T.C., K.K.C. Nair and V.N. Antony, J., J.A. Erwin Desa, E. Desa, Jim and other archaeological sites on the river banks Sankaranarayanan, 1996. Zooplankton standing Mckeown and B. Vani Peshwe, 1996. Wave of Goa. In: An Integrated Approach to Marine stock off south of Great Nicobar Island during effects on a pressure sensor. Proc. International Archaeology, Proc. Fourth Indian Conf. on Marine Conf. in Ocean Engineering, IIT, Madras, 568- an oil spill incident and after. Proc. Second Workshop on Scientific Results of FORV Sagar Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, Society 572. Sampada, V.K. Pillai, et. al. (Eds.), DOD, New for Marine Archaeology, Goa, 115-120. Aravindakshan, P.N. and Rosamma Stephen, Delhi, 205-216. Pattanayak, A.K. and S. Tripati, 1997. Role of 1996. Composition of heteropods in the Chilka Lake in the Maritime History of Orissa. In: Andaman Sea. Proc. Second Workshop on Goswami, S.C., 1996. Zooplankton biomass and fishery potential of the EEZ of India. In: India's An Integrated Approach to Marine Archaeology, Scientific Results of FORV Sagar Sampada, V.K. Proc. Fourth Indian Conf. on Marine Archaeology Pillai, et. al.. (Eds.), DOD, New Delhi, 193-196. Exclusive Economic Zone: Resources, Exploitation and Management, S.Z. Qasim and of Indian Ocean Countries, Society for Marine Ashok Kumar, K. and S.G. Diwan, 1996. G.S. Roonwal (Eds.), Omega Scientific Archaeology, Goa, 83-86. Directional waverider buoy in Indian waters - Publishers, New Delhi, 94-104. Prasanna Kumar, S., Y.K. Somayajulu and T.V. experiences of NIO. Proc. International Conf. in Goswami, S.C. and Y. Shrivastava, 1996. Ramana Murty, 1997. Acoustic characteristics Ocean Engineering, IIT, Madras, 226- 230. Zooplankton standing stock, community, and tomography studies of the northern Indian ocean. In: Acoustic Remote Sensing Baban Ingole. Coastal Aquaculture : Prospects structure and diversity in the northern Arabian Applications, S.P. Singbal (Ed.), Narosa and problems. In: Voices for the Ocean; A report Sea. In: Proc. Second Workshop on Scientific Publishing House, New Delhi, 549-579. to the Independent World Commission on the Results of FORV Sagar Sampada, V.K. Pillai, et. Ocean, R. Rajagopalan (Ed.), International al. (Eds.), DOD, New Delhi, 127-137. Ranu Gupta, 1996. Effect of oil spill on the Ocean Institute, Madras, 131-132. Haake, B., T. Rixen, T. Reemtsma, V. Ramaswamy microbial population in Andaman Sea and and V. Ittekkot, 1996. Processes determining Nicobar Island. In: Proc. of Second Workshop Bahulayan, N., 1996. On the various approaches seasonality and interannual variability of settling on the Scientific Results of FORV Sagar to the modelling of 3-D circulation in the ocean. particle fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea. In : Sampada, V.K. Pillai, er al. (Eds.), DOD, New Proceedings of National Seminar on Recent Particle Flux in the Ocean, Ittekkot et. al. (Eds.), Delhi, 85-90. Developments in Mathematics, Karnataka John Wiley and Sons, Sussex, 252-270. Ranu Gupta, 1996. Growth and viability of marine University, Dharwad, 15-21. Illangovan, D., S. Jaya Kumar and R.L. Naik, 1996. yeasts exposed to different strength of stress Chakraborty, B., 1996. Transducer. In: Geotechnical properties of marine soil off North solutes. In: Proc. Second Workshop on the Encyclopedia of Microcomputers, Allen Kent and Konkan coast. Proc. International Conf. in Ocean Scientific Results of FORV Sagar Sampada, V.K. J.G. Williams (Eds.). Marcel Dekker Inc., New Engineering, IIT, Madras, 361- 365. Pillai, ef. al. (Eds.), DOD, New Delhi, 91-95. York, 18:335-360. Jaya Kumar, S., P. Chandramohan, B.K. Jena and Ramana, M.V., V. Subrahmanyam, K.V.L.N.S. Chakraborty, B., R. Hagen and H.W. Schenke, P. Pednekar, 1996. Engineering parameters for Sarma, M. Desa, M.M.M. Rao and C. 1996. Determining seabed backscatter expansion of MPT berth, Goa. Proc. International Subrahmanyam , 1996. Record of the parameters using Multibeam-Hydrosweep Conf. in Ocean Engineering, IIT, Madras, 372- Cretaceous magnetic quiet zone in the distal System. Proc. Third European Conference on 376. Bengal fan and its significance in understanding

57 the evolutionary history of the northeastern Indian Varkey, M.J., R. Vaithiyanathan and K. Santanam, NIO/SP-1/97. Shetye, S.R. et al. Tidal circulation Ocean. In: Proc. of the Second International 1996. Wind fields of storms from surface isobars in the Mandovi-Zuari estuarine System. Seminar and Exhibition on Geophysics beyond for wave hind casting. Proc. International Conf. 2000, Assoc. of Explor. Geophys., Hyderabad, in Ocean Engineering, IIT, Madras, 502-506. NIO/SP-2/97. Singbal, S.Y.S. and Classy D'Silva. 292-295. Evaluation of the oil spill dispersants MAC-22. Veerayya, M. and F. Almeida, 1996. Acoustic Reddy, N.P.C., K. Mohana Rao, S.V.S. Pavana basement : Its relevance to Karwar Port NIO/SP-3/97. Rajagopal, M.D. Rapid Putra and Ch.M. Rao, 1997. Lithological and development. In: Proc. of International environmental impact assessment for the mineralogical changes observed in a core from Conference in Ocean Engineering, IIT. proposed marine facilities for the Eastern Indian the western Bay of Bengal. Proc. IGBP Symp. Refinery at Paradip. on Changes in Global Climate due to Natural and NIO/SP-4/97. Vijaykumar, R. Fish Spawning and Human Activities, S.M. Das and R.S. Thakur Technical Report breeding grounds in the marine environs of (Eds.), Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 180-198. Pillaiperumalnallur, Nagapattinam. Sadhuram, Y. and N.C. Wells, 1996. The warm Rosamma Stephen and P.P. pool in the Indian and West Pacific Oceans: Its NIO/SP-5/97. Achuthankutty, C.T. Design and Meenakshikunjamma, 1996. Distribution of implications for the large scale ocean/ specifications of a pilot scale prawn hatchery. Ostracods of Andaman Sea. Proc. Second atmosphere/land system. Univ. of Southampton, Workshop on Scientific Results of FORV Sagar Southampton Oceanography Centre, NIO/SP-6/97. Verlenkar, X.N. Impact of heated Sampada, V.K. Pillai, et al. (Eds.), DOD, New Southampton, U.K. effluents on marine biotic communities as Delhi, 217-221. evaluated by laboratory bio-assay studies. Sanil Kumar, V., M.C. Deo, N.M. Anand and R. Atlas NIO/SP-7/97. Chandramohan, P. Oceanographic Gowthaman, 1996. Directional wave spectra off studies for the disposal of effluents. southeast coast of Tamil Nadu. Proc. Pankajakshan Thadathil, Jaydeep Pattanaik and NIO/SP-8/97. Pathak, M.C. Bathymetric and International Conf. in Ocean Engineering, IIT, Arvind Ghosh K., 1997. An atlas of upwelling seabed studies for acceptability of proposed sites Madras, 254-258. indices along the east and west coasts of India, for demarcation of submarine effluent pipeline 1-55. Santhakumari, V. 1996. The Medusae from the corridor and the diffuser off Dahej (Phase -1). sea around Laccadive group of islands (7-18°N/ 69°-76°E). Proc. of Second Workshop on NIO/SP-9/97. Kotnala, K.L. Bathymetric and Scientific Results of FORV Sagar Sampada, V.K. Sponsored Project Reports seabed surveys for proposed all weather ports Pillai, et al. (Eds.), DOD, New Delhi, 249-255. NIO/SP-17/96. Chandramohan, P. Rapid at Redi, Vijaydurg and Ganeshgule (Parts I, II environmental impact assessment for the and III). Sarupria, J.S., 1997. Marine data and information proposed fishing jetty at Chicalim. management system for the Indian Ocean. Proc. NIO/SP-10/97. Vora, K.H. Search surveys for IGBP Symp. on Changes in Global Climate due NIO/SP-18/96. Banakar, V.K. Chemical analyses contraband silver dumped off Mumbai, to Natural and Human Activities, S.N. Das and of soil and water samples for major and minor Maharashtra. R.S. Thakur (Eds.), Allied Publishers Ltd., New elements. Delhi, 243-247. NIO/SP-11/97. Babu, M.T., M.R. Rameshkumar, NIO/SP-19/96. Singbal, S.Y.S., S.P. Fondekarand P.M. Muraleedharan and R. Vaithiyanathan. Sarupria, J.S. and K. Aravind Ghosh, 1997. Classy D'Silva. Evaluation of chemical Current measurements for the proposed all Chemical and biological oceanographic data and dispersants for their suitability to Indian marine weather ports at Redi, Vijayadurg and Agargule, information management at the Indian NODC. environment. Maharastra. Proc. International Workshop on Oceanographic NIO/SP-20/96. Chandramohan, P. Studies on NIO/SP-12/97. Ansari, Z.A. Ecobiological, Biological and Chemical Data Management, volume of dredging at Chilka lake. toxicological and environmental impact NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 87, Washington assessment studies of the effluent discharge D.C., 157. NIO/SP-21/96. Parulekar, A.H and Z. A. Ansari. from MRL-CBR in the marine environs off Toxicology of petroleum hydrocarbon in marine Schafer, P., V. Ittekkot, M. Bartsch, R.R. Nair and Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu. ecosystems, marine food chain and marine living J. Tiemann, 1996. Freshwater influx and particle resources. NIO/SP-13/97. Gaur, A.S. Marine archaeological flux variability in the Bay of Bengal. In : Particle explorations off Poompuhar (Tamil Nadu). Flux in the Ocean, Ittekkot et al. (Eds.), John NIO/SP-22/96. Gopala Krishna, V.V. Routine Wiley and Sons, Sussex, 271-292. monitoring of the Indian Ocean thermal structure NIO/SP-14/97. Singbal, V. and Ramesh Babu. - XBT observations under TOGA-I programme Report on baseline studies on ocean currents in Sudhakar, M., V.N. Kodagali and S. Jaishankar, (Bombay - Mauritius route). the central Indian Basin prior to benthic 1996. A model for relative ranking of blocks for disturbance. selection of candidate minesite for manganese NIO/SP-23/96. Anthony, M.K., G. Narayana- nodule mining. Proc. Offshore Technology swamy, M. Veerayya, A. Suryanarayana and V. NIO/SP-15/97. Murty, C.S. Comprehensive EIA for Conference, Houston, Texas, 475-487. Krishnakumar. Beach erosion due to a freshwater captive port facilities at Pipavav, Gujarat. stream and its mitigation at Majorda, Goa. Suresh,T., K.H. Vora, R.G. Prabhu Desai and S.R. Kesava Das, V., P. Chandramohan, K.L. Kotnala, NIO/SP-24/96. Singbal, S.Y.S., S.N. De Sousa, Rao, 1997. Multimedia information system of V.T. Paulinose and V. Sanil Kumar. Classy D'Silva, Sujata Kaisary, Analia Mesquita, marine archaeology, In: An Integrated Approach Environmental Impact Assessment of shallow Jyoti Borkar. Coastal Ocean Monitoring and to Marine Archaeology, Proc. Fourth Indian water mining of Chavara. Phase I: Baseline Prediction System (COMAPS). Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian studies, sponsored by National Institute of Ocean Ocean Countries, Society for Marine NIO/SP-25/96. Rao, L.V.G. and P. Vethamony. Technology, Chennai. Archaeology, Goa, 37-40. Current and tide measurement for the design of Sankarnarayanan, V.N. et al. Rapid pipeline from Jamnagar to Kandla Route. Tripati, S. and S.K. Patnaik, 1996. Trade routes Environmental Impact Assessment for cooling and communication pattern of ancient Orissa. NIO/SP-26/96. Ramana, M.V., V. Subrahmanyam, water intake and discharge for North Madras Gauravam, In: Recent Researches in Indology, K.V.L.N. Sarma, Maria D'Sa and K.S. Krishna. stage III, Thermal Power Project, Ennur, K.V. Ramesh, et al. (Eds.), Delhi, 396-404. Crustal studies of the Bay of Bengal. sponsored by Trisakthi Energy Pvt. Ltd., Chennai.

58 Sankarnarayanan, V.N. et al. Rapid Environmental on the ecology of Vashisti estuary. Sponsored Popular Article Impact Assessment of offshore Coal Terminal, by Maharashtra Industrial Development coal jetty conveyance system and lightrage Corporation, Mahad. Varkey, M.J., 1996. Waves in the seas. Science operations for SEPC thermal power plant at Reporter, May 1996, 9-13. Tuticorin, sponsored by M/s. SPIC Electronics Zingde, M.D., M.M. Sabnis, S.N. Gajbhiye and Power Corporation Ltd., Chennai. Prashant Sharma, 1997. Impact assessment of release of wastewater from Tata Chemicals Other Publications Sankarnarayanan, V.N. et al. Rapid environmental Limited on the ecology. Sponsored by Tata impact assessment of heated cooling water Chemicals Ltd., Mithapur. Dhargalkar, V.K., S.G. Prabhu Matondkar and X.N. discharge and ash disposal from SEPC Thermal Verlencar, 1996. Seasonal variation in carbon Power Plant at Tuticorin, sponsored by M/s. SPIC Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye and A.N. Kadam, budget in water column off Princess Astrid coast. Electronics Power Corporation Ltd., Chennai. 1996. Monitoring of Amba river estuary Scientific Report XII Indian Expedition to (December 1995): Part III. Sponsored by Indian Marine Environmental Impact Assessment studies Antarctica, DOD, New Delhi, Tech. Publ. No. 10: Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Nagothane. for the construction of sea water intake and warm 259-266. water discharge of a power plant at Tuticorin, Zingde, M.D., V.R. Nair, R.V. Sarma, A.N. Kadam, Ingole, B.S and V.K. Dhargalkar, 1996. Vembar, sponsored by the Indian Power Projects P.D. Gore and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Marine EIA Comparative account of benthic community at Ltd. due to release of wastewater from GHCL soda two different locations in the continental Studies on the pre-mining environmental ash plant at Sutrapada. Sponsored by Gujarat Antarctica. Scientific Report XII Indian Expedition conditions in the Central Indian Ocean with Heavy Chemicals Ltd., Veraval. to Antarctica, DOD, New Delhi, Tech. Publ. No. reference to Secondary Standing Stock 1997, 10: 195-206. sponsored by Department of Ocean Development. Consultancy Reports Prabhu Matondkar, S.G., V.K. Dhargalkar and A.H. Parulekar, 1996. Ecosystem characterization in Zingde, M.D., K. Govindan, R.V. Sarma, A.N. NIO/CON-2/96. Jagtap, T.G., 1996. State of art Indian Ocean Sector, Antarctica. Scientific Report Kadam, P.D. Gore and M.A. Rokade, 1996. report: The impact on flora and fauna, due to the XII Indian Expedition to Antarctica, DOD, New Comprehensive marine EIA/EMP for wastewater construction of Virtual jetty at Kandla, Gujarat. Delhi, Tech. Publ. No. 10: 207-231. release and captive jetty for Indo Gulf Copper Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye, A.N. Kadam, P.D. Smelter at Lakhigam. Sponsored by Indo Gulf Parthiban, G. M.V.S. Guptha and V.K. Banakar, Gore and Prashant Sharma, 1996. Ecological Fertilizers & Chemicals Corporation Ltd., Mumbai. 1997. Particle fluxes in the Central Indian Ocean. studies of flora and fauna for HPCL Virtual jetty Report submitted to Department of Ocean Zingde, M.D., N.M. Anand, S.N. Gajbhiye, A. N. at Kandla. Sponsored by Hindustan Petroleum Development on the Environmental Impact Kadam and S. Mandal, 1996. Marine Corporation Ltd., Mumbai. Assessment in CIB (Index Programme-Baseline environmental impact assessment for proposed data collection). jetty of IFFCO at Kandla. Sponsored by Indian Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye, A.N. Kadam, P.D. Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Ltd., Kandla. Gore and Prashant Sharma, 1996. Ecological Verlencar X.N. and V.K. Dhargalkar, 1996. studies of flora and fauna for HPCL Virtual jetty Ecobiological studies of the fresh water lakes at Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye and A. N. Kadam, at Kandla. Part II - Marine environmental impact Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. Scientific Report 1996. Monitoring of Amba River estuary (May- assessment. Sponsored by Hindustan Petroleum XII Indian Expedition to Antarctica. DOD, New June 95) Part II. Sponsored by Indian Corporation Ltd., Mumbai. Delhi, Tech. Publ. No. 10: 233-257. Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Nagothane. Zingde, M.D., K. Govindan, A.V. Mandalia and Zingde, M.D., K. Govindan, M.M. Sabnis, R.V. Prashant Sharma, 1996. Marine EIA for the Sarma, A.V. Mandalia and Prashant Sharma, proposed pipelines across Narara Bet for ESSAR 1996. Marine environmental impact assessment Oil Refinery, Vadinar. Sponsored by ESSAR Oil of coastal waters off Thal in relation to release of Ltd., Mumbai. wastewater from RCF. Sponsored by Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd., Thal. Zingde, M.D., K. Govindan, M.M. Sabnis, R.V. Zingde, M.D., R.V. Sarma, J. Ram, A.V. Mandalia Sarma, Prashant Sharma and M.A. Rokade, and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Release of wastewater 1996. Environmental impact assessment of in Amba estuary during monsoon. Sponsored by accidental spillage of crude oil at pipeline ATV Projects India Ltd., Mumbai. crossings of water bodies (MDAJ Hook-up). Sponsored by Engineers India Ltd., New Delhi. Zingde, M.D., V.R. Nair, R.V. Sarma, P.D. Gore and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Erosional trends of Zingde, M.D., V.R. Nair, R.V. Sarma, V.S. Naidu limestone sea cliffs along Jafarabad and coastal and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Environmental impact environmental quality. Sponsored by Narmada assessment of accidental spillage of petroleum Cement Company Ltd., Jafarabad. products at pipeline crossings of water bodies (Kochi-Tiruchchirappalli pipeline). Sponsored by Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye, R.V. Sarma, A.N. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Mumbai. Kadam and P.D. Gore, 1996. Marine EIA for proposed expansion of NDIL jetty and foreshore Zingde, M.D., M.M. Sabnis, R.V. Sarma, J.R.M. facilities at Dharamtar (Amba estuary). Jaiswar, V.S. Naidu, A.V. Mandalia and M.A. Sponsored by Tata Risk Management Services, Rokade, 1996. Rapid marine EIA for release of Mumbai. effluent from GACL in the coastal waters of Zingde, M.D., J.R.M. Ram, Prashant Sharma and Lakhigam. Sponsored by Gujarat Alkalies and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Impact of wastewater release Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara.

-.59 Appendix - IX

Staff List (as on 31 March, 1997)

Director T.O.(A) Shri Bhattacharya GC Shri Naik DK Dr. Desa Ehrlich Shri Almeida Michael A Shri Subbaraju LV Shri Fernando Vijayan Shri Krishnakumar V Shri Almeida FMS Shri Vijayakumar B Dr. Ramana MV Shri Prakash Babu C A. Headquarters Dr. Hashimi NH Chemical Oceanography Dr. Paropkari AL STA Dr. ValsangkarAB Shri Gowthaman V Sc.F Shri Sardar Areef A Dr. Singbal SYS Dr. Karisiddaiah SM Physical Oceanography Dr. Wagle BG Smt. Desa Maria Ana Remote Sensing Sc.EII Shri Vora KH Shri Prabhu Girish Anand Dr. Kamat SY Dr. Ramaswamy V Shri Jai Shankar S Sc.F Shri Sivakumar D Sc.EI Dr. Rao Purnachandra V Shri Rao LVG Dr. Sudhakar M Shri Ramani K Dr. Naik CG Shri Luis RAA Sc.EII Dr. George MD Dr. Mukhopadhyay R Dr. Varkey MJ Dr. De Souza SNAG Dr. Sharma Rahul JTA Shri Gopinathan CK Dr. Naqvi SWA Dr. Banerjee R Shri Sukumaran NP Dr. Shetye SR Dr. Wahidullah Solimabi Dr. Jauhari Pratima Shri Senthilkumar G Dr. Bahulayan N Shri Rajagopal MD Dr. Pattan JN Shri Moraes Cesar NR Shri Ramesh Babu V Dr. Poi Fondekar SN Dr. Nagender Nath B Shri Naik Kamlakant L Smt. D'Silva Classy Dr. Gupta SM Sc.EI Shri Shyam Prasad M SM Shri Sathe PV Dr. Sardesai Sugandha Dr. Rao Prattipati S Shri Desai Gajanan Shri Gouveia AD Dr. Dileep Kumar M Dr. Borole DV Shri Krishnamacharyulu RJ Dr. Narvekar PV Tech. Gr.ll Dr. Kamesh Raju KA Shri Gopalakrishna W Smt. Mesquita AM Kum. Fernandes Aida Smt. Kaisary Sujata Dr. Iyer Sridhar D Dr. Shenoi SC Sr.Steno Dr. Parameswaran PS Dr. Chauhan OS Dr. Ramesh Kumar MR Dr. Mudholkar AV Smt. Fernandes Maria G Dr. Murty Suryanarayana V Sc.C Dr. Naidu Divakar P Smt. Sudhakar Alison M Shri Sarma YVB Dr. D'Souza Lisette M Dr. Mascarenhas A Dr. Vethamony P Peon Dr. Sarkar Anupam Dr. Subramanyam V Shri Gauns Nani Shri Femandes AA Dr. Sawkar Kalidas Dr. Banakar VK Sc.C Dr. Shailaja MS Dr. Kodagali VN Shri Sarma MSS Dr. Shirodkar PV Shri Ram Prasad T Biological Oceanography Shri Nampoothiri GE Shri Ranade GH T.O.(C) Sc.F Dr. Unnikrishnan AS Smt. Dias Caroline Shri Afzalpurkar S Dr. Muraleedharan PM Dr. Chakraborty B Dr. Untawale AG Sc.B Dr. Sree Krishna K Dr. Devassy VP Sci.B Shri Durga Prasad PVSS Shri Chaubey Anil K Dr. Goswami SC Dr. S. Doraiswamy Shri Nagarajan R Shri Khadge NH Sc.EII T.O.(A) T.O.(B) Sc.C Dr. Chandramohan D Shri Babu MT Shri Femandes Blasco Dr. Sarma KVLNS Dr. Bhattathiri PMA Shri Selvan Michael G Shri Murty GPS Shri Santanam K T.O.(A) Sc.EI Shri Pathak Devashish Shri Sundar Damodar Shri Amal Jaya Kumar D Dr. Harkantra SN Smt. Rao Anuragini K Shri Naik Gajanan P Dr. Achuthankutty CT STA T.O.(C) Dr. Madhupratap M Shri Vaithiyanathan R STA Dr. Goswami Usha Shri Alagarsamy R Shri Pathak MC JTA Shri Kotnala KL Dr. Loka Bharathi PA Shri Gawas Vasant B JTA Shri Dias ECA Dr. Ansari ZA Smt. Date Vaijayanti Shri Bhobe Datta Prasad Shri Marathe Prakash Dr. Krishnakumari L Shri Ravishankar R Dr. Chatterji Anil K SLA Sc.B Dr. Ramaiah N Jr. Deckhand Shri Monteiro Antonio Shri Mislankar PG Dr. Raghukumar S Mandrekar Uday DR Jr. Steno Shri Ambre NV Dr. Raghukumar C Kum. Alphonso Felecidade SLA Dr. Dhargalkar VK Shri Gauns Fotu T.O.(B) Dr. Wafar Sayeeda Acoustic Tomography & Shri Gilbert MJM Shri Nanyasi SK Dr. Verlencar XN Shri Muralinath AS Dr. Menezes Maria Coastal Space Utilization JLA Shri Sonawane AV Dr. Ingole BS Shri Dalvi Hanumant S Sc.F Dr. Prabhu Matondkar SG T.O.(A) Dr. Jagtap TG Dr. Murty CS Jr. Steno Shri Janakiraman G Dr. Achuthankutty Shanta Sc.EII Patil Rajaram Shri Phadte GM Dr. Swamy GN Shri Tata Sudhakar Sc.C Shri Venkatesan R Dr. Wafar MVM Sc.EI Geological Oceanography Shri Prabaharan N Dr. Antony MK Dr. Rathod Vijayakumar P Sc.F Shri Khedekar VD Dr. Somayajulu YK Dr. Goes Joaquim Dr. Rao Madhusudana Ch. Shri Gracias DG Dr. Prasanna Kumar S Shri Rao Lingeswara BR T.O.(C) Dr. Suryanarayana A Sc.EII Shri Gaonkar SS Shri Subramaniam V Dr. Ramanamurty TV Dr. Rao Gopala D Shri Parthiban G Sc.B Sc.C Dr. Veerayya M Shri Pattanshetti SS Dr. Mohandas C Shri Saran AK Sc. El Shri Srinivas Kariapati Shri Walker Gavin A Sc.B Dr. GujarAR STA Dr. Nigam Rajiv Shri Ganesan P Shri Anantha Sreepada R Shri Navelkar Gajanan S Shri Sivakholundu KM Shri Saji PK Dr. Gupta MVSN Smt. Gurrala Sheelu

60 JTA Sc.C LabAtt. STA Smt. Ramaswamy Philomena Shri Mascarenhas Antonio AMQ Shri Dongrekar ST Shri Bandodkar Shrinivas N Shri Naik Laxman B Shri Menezes Andrew A LDC Tracer Shri Thalkatnal YS T.O.(C) Kum. Fernandes Terezinha Shri Chitari Satish B Shri Gauns Madhu O Smt. Peshwe Vani B Shri Sajjad Hussain Mir Shri Tengali Suryakant B Helper Gr. A Jr. Steno Shri Gawde Shivaji Smt. Shettigar Sunita S Sr. Steno Sc.B Smt. Afonso Bella Shri Madhan R Shri Mehra Prakash Marine Corrosion & Materials Training Division Planning T.O.(A) Research Shri Chodankar VN ScF Sc.EII Dr. Sumitra Vijayaraghavan R Sc F STA Dr. Dalai SG Dr. Wagh AB Smt. Nagvekar Surekha G SLA Sc.B Shri Naik Gurudas A Sc El Shri Prasad MMV Shri Sarma PVSSR Shri Ramdasan K Dr. Bhoslβ NB Librarian T.O.(B) Smt. Prabhu Geeta S Shri Fernandes Cajetan Sc.C Smt Singh Kavita JTA Dr. Anil AC Jr. Steno T.O.(A) Shri Vijayakumar Kannojia Dr. Raveendran TV Smt. Martins Fatima Smt. Simon Soja Dr. Sawant SS Smt. Rodrigues Ancy Jr. Deckhand STA Tech.Asst. T.O.(C) Shri Gonsalves Rosario Shri Patil Manohar P Shri Paneer Selvam Shri Madaswamy B Machine Oper. Fine Mech. Sc.B Publication & Reprography Shri Pednekar Babuso H Shri Venugopal C Shri Surlekar Manohar Shri Rodrigues Dennis ScEl STA JTA Shri Bhat SR Shri Krishnamurthy P Venkat Library Smt. Garg Anita Shri Mascarenhas Luis S Photo. Off.(C) Shri Date VM Doc. Off. Gr.lV(4) JTA Jr. Fitter Shri Tapaswi MP Shri Nagvekar Shyam Shri Monteiro Robert T.O.(C) Shri Wahidullah Md Ub. Off. SLA KPO Shri Sharma SP Smt. Oka SH Shri Prabhu N Sitaram Shri Dias Mathew Smt. Thomas Rosy Shri Sainekar GH Jr. Steno Jr. Mech.(AC) STA Cataloguer Smt. Subhashini S Shri Fernandas Milton Shri Mahale Arun Y Shri Gawas Atmaram K Engine Dr. Jr. Mech. Sr.D/Man UDC Shri Kurle PR Shri Pednekar SS Shri Punj HD Shri Pereira Edward Turner JTA Shri D'Silva EO Helper Gr. A Shri Fernandas Bruno Shri Gauns Dinu P Ocean Engineering Fitter Smt. Ribeiro Christalina Shri Fernandes Peter P Sc.EII SLA Dr. Anand NM Tech.(lnst) Gr.ll(3) Smt. Duggal Vijaya Ship/Boat Management Smt. Vimalakumari Damodaran ScEl Printing Mech. Gr.ll(3) Dr. Chandramohan P TechAsst. Gr.lll(2) Tech. Shri Naroji Subhash S Shri Rodrigues Lucano Shri Diwan SG Shri Shirgaunkar Anil V Dr. Mandal S Compositor Gr.ll(3) Bosun Shri Ashok Kumar K Model Maker Gr.ll(4) Shri Mochemadkar MV Shri Garudi RR Shri Kalangutkar Shyam D Sc.B Tracer Peon Shri Bhat Subraya Shankar Lab. Bearer Shri Akerkar SG Shri Arlekar Pradeep Shri Illangovan D Shri Sheikh Yacub Shri Uchil R Shri Jayakumar Sβlvam Shri Pawaskar Pramod Workshop Asst. Shri Javali Udaykumar Shri Sanil Kumar Shri Naik Vasudev B Shri Chavan RL Establishment & General T.O.(A) Shri Sawant Raghunath Shri Chitari KG Administration Shri Mandal HC Sr.Steno PhotoAsst Gr.ll(4) Shri Pednekar PS Smt. Veliath Linda COA Shri Pathak KC Shri Sirsat Umesh Pillai Rajan MR Shri Raju NSN Helper Gr.A PhotoAsst. Shri Jogale Arjun H AO JTA Shri Karim Shaikh Ali KS Dayanidhi Shri Gowthaman R Watchman Lab. Bearer Shri Desai KB SO Shri Naik RL Shri Parulekar Atmaram S Shri Dalvi MG Shri Mochemadkar MV Helper Shri D'Souza Paul S Shri Naik Ganesh N Book Binder Sasi EK Shri Sirvoikar Chandrakant Shri D'Silva Peter I Shri Tari MK Shri Duggal RK Shri Mochemadkar SV Helper Gr. A Shri Fernandes TC Data & Information Shri Gonsalves Graciano Z Sr.Steno Hindi Officer Shri Bhinge RS Sc.EII P.S. Shri Singh Umesh Kumar Shri Sarupria JS Kum. Cardoz Milagrine Asst.(Gen.) Marine Instrumentation & ScEl Receptionist Gr.lll(2) Shri Fadte SR Shri Reddy Venkata G Smt. Almeida Shanti Smt. D'Silva Regina Computer Shri Ghosh Arvind Kolli Shri Fernandas Agnello Sc.F Sc.C Shri Lourenco Francisco G Shri Nayak MR Shri Pankajakshan T Marine Archaeology Smt. Subramaniam Susheela Shri Kunte PD T.O.(B) Smt. Fernandas MF Sc.EII Shri Sirvoikar Onu Dr. Desa Elgar S STA Dr. Tripati Sila Shri Sundaresh T Smt. D'Souza Ana J Shri Prabhu Desai RG Smt. Lasitha Ratnakaran Shri Vemekar RG Shri Gaur Aniruddh Singh ScEl KPO Shri Kurtarkar Ratnakar Shri SureshT Shri Naik Suryakant R Diver Arch. Shri Rajiv Sharma Dr. Antony Joseph K Shri Prabhu RK Shri Gudigar Puttaswamy Smt. Rego Sacramento M

61 Sr.Steno Smt. Braganza Maria Civil Engineering Canteen Smt. Korde Vanamala P Smt. D'Souza Maria Quiteria Shri Khanapuri Mahadev Smt. Ghanki Shanti Asst. Exe. Engr. (Elect.) SLA Smt. Dias Nhali M Shri Kulkarni KB Shri Ribeiro Melwin Security Asst. Shri Gauns Dattaram Shri James P Asst. Exe. Engr. (Civil) Asst. Manager Smt. Ratos Santana Shri Kubasad RB Shri Toraskar DT UDC Shri Gauns Mukund Shri Narvekar Dilip K Smt. Surlekar S. Sumitra Asst. Engr. (CMI) Bearer Shri Cota Caitaninho Shri Mathew Chacko P Shri Dias Ghanasham Shri Verenkar Madan J Shri Coelho Reginaldo Finance & Accounts STA Shri Femandes Cerilo LDC (Hindi) Shri Parmar UA Shri Varghese Thomas Shri Sawant RR Sr.F&AO Tech. Asst. Shri Kharde Ramesh T Shri Dias CM Lab. Supervisor Shri Goudar MGK Shri Tuyekar Gopal Nhanu Shri Patil MN SO(F&A) Jr. Electrician Asst. Halwai Record Keeper Shri D'Mello JL Shri Mahajan SN Shri Tervankar Rama B Shri Gad Suriya V Asst(Gen) Pump Operator Washboy Jr. Garden Chowdhary Smt Mascarenhas Nancy Shri Patil ML Shri Estrocio Francis Shri Ghanti Shivappa Shri Gawali Dhondu B Meter Reader Safaiwala Shri Ali Mohmad Shri Murthy VS Shri Amaral Jose AN Smt. Dias Ana Conceicao Smt. D'Mello Vilma Dr. Cum Mech. Plumber Shri Fernandas Bernard Asst.(F&A) Shri Karelkar Laxman RC Shri Nadar Kasi Shri Gonsalves John Shri Chorat BG Carpenter B. Regional Centres Jr. Steno Shri Naik Gurudas P Sr. Gest. Operator Smt. Cardoz Cleta Shri Shettigar RB Electrician Kochi UDC Shri Cruz Ruzar Staff Car Driver Shri Vijayakumar G ScF Shri Martins Vasu Works Mistry Dr. Sankaranarayanan VN Smt. D'Costa Edith Shri Naik Baboi N Shri John PP (Scientist-in-Charge) Shri Shet RP Smt. Mochemadkar Mamta Shri Krishnaiah K Dr. Sivadas P Shri Sardesai RB Shri Poi RT LDC Sc.EII JLA Smt. Femandes Ita ML Sr.Deckhand Shri Josanto V Shri Toraskar Namdev B Shri Goudar RGK Stores Bearer Dr. KR Pillai Shri Dhavjekar Maheshwar V Farash Shri Gaunco Vasu Sc.EI UDC Dr. Nair KKC Shri Gauns Keshav Khalasi Smt. Amaral Vijaya A Dr. Paulinose VT Guest House Att. Shri Lemos C Dr. Devi Lalithambika CB Shri Kamat DS Helper Gr.A Shri Gawas Laxman B Dr. Gopalakrishnan TC Cook Stores & Purchase Shri Gawas Monu G Dr. Santhakumari V Shri Godinho Jose Shri Martins Nagesh Dr. Balachandran T Dy.SPO Shri Arvindakshan PN Khalasi Gr.l(4) Shri Ramankutty TK Khalasi Gr.l (4) Shri Rao Kameshwara K Shri Femandes Aquino Shri Wase RC Shri Kotharkar Shanta Smt. Rosamma Stephen Mali Shri Naik KS Shri Jogale Vithal A Smt. Saramma UP Shri Estrocio Vrthoba SPA(Gr.lll) Khalasi Smt. Jayalakshmy KV Smt. Meenakshi Kunjamma Shri Kunkolkar Dinker Shri Sanke SG Shri Shariff Md Smt. Shirodkar Susheela Dr. Haridas P Shri Mascarenhas Johnny Shri Vijayan P Smt. Shinde Ambubai Shri Kesava Das V Shri Sirvoikar Shamu G Shri Rao Siva PV Mason Dr. Devi Sarala K Shri Sirvoikar Hanuman Shri Chodnekar BL Shri Gawas Mohammad Shri Balasubramanian T Shri Gaunco Anant M Shri Tardelkar Surendra Shri Mujawar Yusuf Sc.C Shri Jamal Sahib Director's Office Shri Dinesh Kumar PK Peon SPA(Gr.lV) Shri Ravichandran C Shri Gonsalves Joseph Smt. Peshwe Melita Sr. Steno Smt. Joseph Tressiamma Shri Sukumaran A Shri Simon TP Shri Gauns Nanu T.O.(C) Shri Gauns Digambar Shri Maijikar Harish STA Shri Venugopal P Shri Lopes Craveiro Watchman Shri Reddy Sreenivasulu Ch Shri Mohanan VN Shri Hasanwale Ashraf Smt Prabhu Beena S Shri Poi NT Sc.B Shri Gaikwad Eknath Asst(Gen) JTA Dr. Gupta Ranu Shri Mahale Jaidev G Kum. Shahapurkar Meena Shri Naik Suresh N Dr. Arti Noor Shri Gaonkar HN Smt. Lobo Pia G KPO T.O.(B) Shri Gawas Pundalik Shri Sreenath Jena Shri Parsekar SB Shri Jakhi SPN Shri Pylee Abraham Shri Raveendran O Shri Kalelkar Eknath UDC Lab Bearer Shri Naik Umesh B Shri Narayanan B Shri Sebastian Baby Shri D'Souza Francis Shri Kumaran S Shri Kerkar Madhav Sr.Steno T.O.(A) Shri Pereira Rama F Smt. D'Souza Lucinda V Dispensary Shri Nair Sanilkumaran R Shri Tony Joseph T Shri Gaikwad Kashinath S Jr.Deckhand RMO Shri Balachandran KK Shri Kankonkar PJ Shri Vijayan PR Safaiwala Dr. Bhandari LV Shri Khedekar HV Khalasi MO Lib. Asst. Smt Beg Subhadra Shri Vaz Antonio X Dr. Netravalkar MGS Shri Thampi KE Smt Fernandes Luisa A Nursing Sister JTA Smt. Sirvoicar Minaxi Peon (Group 'C') Smt. Menezes Thelma Dr. Nair Maheshwari Smt. Sirvoicar Jaivanti Shri Pereira Peter Shri Nair Sivaraman KK Shri Pereira Laxman Peon Sister Shri Shaji AK Shri Satelkar Sabaji Shri Martins Dacu Smt. Mochemadkar Kanchan M Shri Naik Mahadev H Pre. Mech. Compounder Shri Gauns Bodu Stores Bearer Shri Valson TR Smt. Fernandes Maria Angela Shri Viegas Caitan Shri Manickam S JTA Shri Tang Devichand Shri Barreto Mahadeo Peon Shri Sudhakaran TK Shri Khade Ramesh M Shri Gawas Bhiku Shri Shirodkar Govind Shri Xavier KP

62 Technician Gr.ll Mumbai SPA (Gr.IV) Sc.B Smt Grace Joseph Sc.F Smt. Fernandes Carmina Shri Sudarshan R Shri Lakshimi Narayana S Dr. Cum Mβch. Dr. Zingde MD (Scientist-in-Charge) UDC Smt. PriolkarAlka Shri Chakkapan CP Sc.EII T.O.(B) Dr. Nair Vijayalakshmi Staff Car Driver Dr. Devi Padmini Staff Car Driver Shri Dige Anant Shanker Shri Premakumar MK Shri John Luis Sc.EI Shri Venkateshwarlu K Dr. Govindan K Shri Sable Baban V Shri Sawant Subhash Chavan T.O.(A) Fitter Dr. Sabnis MM Shri Raju YSN Shri Gopalan K Shri Sharma RV Helper Gr.A Dr. Gajbhiye SN Shri llyas Md JTA Sr. Deckhand Dr. Kadam AN Shri Jawahar Kumar Ch Shri Thankappan K Watchman ScC Shri Singh Omkar R Shri Rao Koteswara A Dr. Jiyalal Ram MJ Shri Prasad Ranga TV Jr. Gest. Operator Jr.Sec.Asst. Shri George Thomas Sc.B Shri Ram Khilawan Das SLA Dr. VS Naidu Shri Babu Suri A Lab.Att. Tea/Coffee Maker Shri Peter KP T.O.(B) Shri DP Gupta Dri. Cum Mech. Shri Sharma Prashant Shri Polichetti N Lab Bearer Shri Mandalia AV Dish Wash Boy Lab. Att. Smt. Geethakumari PG Shri Ramesh N Nayika T.O.(A) Shri Sheik Mustafa B Kum. Gore PD P.S. Sr. Steno Shri Rokade MA Visakhapatnam Shri Gopinathan KK Smt. Radhakrishna K STA Sc.F Asst.(Gen.) Shri Mehta PN Dr. Rao DP (Scientist-in-Charge) Asst(Gen) Smt. Pillai Swarnakumari Shri Rao Ramakrishna Ch Shri Chauhan Gopal K Sc.EII Shri Sivadasan K SLA Dr. Murthy KSR UDC Smt. Rao Syamaia Peon Shri Patel Babu G Sc.EI Shri Hamza KH Shri Anirudh Ram Dr. Sarma W Helper Gr. A Shri Bagde DS Shri Rao Malleswara MM Smt. Kondamma N Kitchen Clerk Smt. D'Souza Rosaria Shri Subramanyam AS Mali Smt. Mary PK Dr. Sadhuram Y Asst.(Gen.) Shri Rao Subbha K Shri Reddy Purnachandra N Tea Maker Shri Tharawal R Shri Date AS Tea Maker Sc.C Shri P.V. Kannan Shri Rao Rama D Sr.Steno Shri Rao Narasimha TV Wash Boy Shri Nair PB Shri Rao Prabhakara B Wash Boy Smt. Rejani CL Smt. Subramanian Geeta Shri Rao Mohana K Shri Appala Raju K

Acronyms

Asst. Engr. —Assistant Engineer Jr. Tech — Junior Technician Sc. — Scientist Asst. Exe. Engr. — Assistant Executive Engineer KPO — Key Punch Operator SLA — Senior Laboratory Assistant Asst. — Assistant Lab. Att. — Laboratory Attendant SO — Section Officer COA — Controller of Administration LDC — Lower Division Clerk SPA — Stores & Purchase Assistant Doc. Off. — Documentation Officer Lib. Asst. — Library Assistant Sr. D/Man — Senior Draughtsman Dr. Cum Mech. — Driver Cum Mechanic Lib. Off. — Library Officer Sr. Steno — Senior Stenographer F & AO — Finance & Accounts Officer MO — Medical Officer Sr. Fine Mech. — Senior Fine Mechanic Fine Mech. — Fine Mechanic Photo. Asst. — Photographic Assistant STA — Senior Technical Assistant JLA — Junior Laboratory Assistant Pre. Mech. — Precision Mechanic Tech. Gr. II — Technical Grade II Jr. Steno — Junior Stenographer P.S. — Private Secretary TO — Technical Officer JTA — Junior Technical Assistant RMO — Resident Medical Officer UDC — Upper Division Clerk

J53 31st Annual Report (1996-97) National Institute of Oceanography, Goa India