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194 Recent Advances in the Synthesis of New Pyrazole Derivatives
194 RECENT ADVANCES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF NEW PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES DOI: http://dx.medra.org/ 10.17374/targets.2019.22.194 Juan - Carlos Castillo a,b , Jaime Portilla a * a Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universi dad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A - 10, Bogotá, Colombia b Grupo de Cat álisis, E scuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Av enida Central del Norte, Tunja, Colombia (e - mail : [email protected] ) Abstract. Pyrazoles have attracted great attention in organic and medicinal chemistry, due to their proven utility as synthetic intermediates for the preparation of diverse bioactive compounds, of coordination complexes, as well as in the design of functional materials. Consequently , the synthesis of functionalized pyrazoles is an important focus of research for synthetic organic chemists. Likewise, fuse d pyrazoles such as pyrazolo[1,5 - a]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[3,4 - b]pyridines have been widely studied due to their varied biological and physicochemical applications based on the important electronic properties of th ese N - heterocycles. Therefore, the preparation of these fused heterocycles and of their functionalized derivatives is of notable interest to both uncover novel derivatives and explore new applications. Several methods have been described in the literature for the synthesis of pyrazoles and of their fused systems in recent years , which mainly involve classi cal cyclocondensation reactions , some of these are presented in th is contribution. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Functionalized pyrazoles 2.1. Aminopyrazoles 2.2. Formylpyrazoles 3. Fused pyrazoles 3.1. Pyrazolo[1,5 - a ]pyrimidines 3.2. Pyrazolo[3,4 - b ]pyridines 3.3. -
Aniline and Aniline Hydrochloride
SOME AROMATIC AMINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS VOLUME 127 This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans, which met remotely, 25 May–12 June 2020 LYON, FRANCE - 2021 IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF CARCINOGENIC HAZARDS TO HUMANS ANILINE AND ANILINE HYDROCHLORIDE 1. Exposure Characterization 1.1.2 Structural and molecular formulae, and relative molecular mass 1.1 Identification of the agent (a) Aniline 1.1.1 Nomenclature NH2 (a) Aniline Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 62-53-3 EC No.: 200-539-3 Molecular formula: C H N IUPAC systematic name: aniline 6 7 Relative molecular mass: 93.13 (NCBI, 2020a). Synonyms and abbreviations: benzenamine; phenylamine; aminobenzene; aminophen; (b) Aniline hydrochloride aniline oil. NH2 (b) Aniline hydrochloride Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 142-04-1 EC No.: 205-519-8 HCl IUPAC systematic name: aniline hydro - Molecular formula: C6H8ClN chloride Relative molecular mass: 129.59 (NCBI, Synonyms: aniline chloride; anilinium chlo- 2020b). ride; benzenamine hydrochloride; aniline. HCl; phenylamine hydrochloride; phenylam- monium chloride. 1.1.3 Chemical and physical properties of the pure substance Aniline is a basic compound and will undergo acid–base reactions. Aniline and its hydrochlo- ride salt will achieve a pH-dependent acid–base equilibrium in the body. 109 IARC MONOGRAPHS – 127 (a) Aniline Octanol/water partition coefficient (P): log Kow, 0.936, predicted median (US EPA, 2020b) Description: aniline appears as a yellowish Conversion factor: 1 ppm = 5.3 mg/m3 [calcu- to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy lated from: mg/m3 = (relative molecular odour (NCBI, 2020a), detectable at 1 ppm 3 mass/24.45) × ppm, assuming temperature [3.81 mg/m ] (European Commission, 2016; (25 °C) and pressure (101 kPa)]. -
Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting Materials
California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Synthetic Turf Study Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 MEETING MATERIALS THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency Agenda Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019, 9:30 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. 1001 I Street, CalEPA Headquarters Building, Sacramento Byron Sher Auditorium The agenda for this meeting is given below. The order of items on the agenda is provided for general reference only. The order in which items are taken up by the Panel is subject to change. 1. Welcome and Opening Remarks 2. Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview 4. Synthetic Turf Field Exposure Model Exposure Equations Exposure Parameters 3. Non-Targeted Chemical Analysis Volatile Organics on Synthetic Turf Fields Non-Polar Organics Constituents in Crumb Rubber Polar Organic Constituents in Crumb Rubber 5. Public Comments: For members of the public attending in-person: Comments will be limited to three minutes per commenter. For members of the public attending via the internet: Comments may be sent via email to [email protected]. Email comments will be read aloud, up to three minutes each, by staff of OEHHA during the public comment period, as time allows. 6. Further Panel Discussion and Closing Remarks 7. Wrap Up and Adjournment Agenda Synthetic Turf Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency DRAFT for Discussion at May 2019 SAP Meeting. Table of Contents Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview May 2019 Update ..... -
CRITERIA for DRUG COVERAGE Solriamfetol (Sunosi)
Criteria-Based Consultation Prescribing Program CRITERIA FOR DRUG COVERAGE Solriamfetol (Sunosi) Notes: * Intolerance excludes adverse drug reactions that are expected, mild in nature, resolve with continued treatment, and do not require medication discontinuation Initiation (new start) criteria: Non-formulary solriamfetol (Sunosi) will be covered on the prescription drug benefit for 12 months when the following criteria are met: • Prescribed by a Sleep Specialist • Prescribed for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness due to narcolepsy OR excessive daytime sleepiness due to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) • Patient is 18 years of age or older • Patient has failed a trial of, or patient has an allergy or intolerance* to: o Modafinil or armodafinil AND o A stimulant medication (ie methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, amphetamine salt combination, etc.) • OSA only: patient is currently treated for OSA [i.e. use of CPAP, or use of oral appliances (eg mandibular advancement device, tongue retaining devices), or had past OSA surgery] Criteria for current Kaiser Permanente members already taking the medication who have not been reviewed previously: Non-formulary solriamfetol (Sunosi) will be covered on the prescription drug benefit for 24 months when the following criteria are met: • See above New Start criteria Criteria for new members entering Kaiser Permanente already taking the medication who have not been reviewed previously: Non-formulary solriamfetol (Sunosi) will be covered on the prescription drug benefit for 12 months when the -
Synthesis of Pyrazoles Containing Benzofuran and Trifluoromethyl Moieties As Possible Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Agents
Z. Naturforsch. 2015; 70(7)b: 519–526 Awatef A. Farag, Mohamed F. El Shehry, Samir Y. Abbas*, Safaa N. Abd-Alrahman, Abeer A. Atrees, Hiaat Z. Al-basheer and Yousry A. Ammar Synthesis of pyrazoles containing benzofuran and trifluoromethyl moieties as possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents DOI 10.1515/znb-2015-0009 and anti-inflammatory drugs present a wide range of prob- Received January 9, 2015; accepted February 4, 2015 lems such as efficacy and undesired effects including gas- trointestinal tract (GIT) disorders and other unwanted effects. This situation highlights the need for novel, safe and Abstract: Searching for new anti-inflammatory and anal- effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds [1–3]. gesic agents, we have prepared a series of novel pyrazoles Since the first pyrazolin-5-one was prepared by Knorr containing benzofuran and trifluoromethyl moieties. The [4] in 1883, many papers have reported on the anti-inflam- pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized via two routes matory, analgesic and antipyretic evaluation of several starting from 5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl azo) salicylal- pyrazoles, pyrazolin-3-ones and pyrazolidine-3,5-diones dehyde. The first route involved the synthesis of 2-acetylb- [5–9]. Many of these derivatives such as phenylbutazone, enzofuran and then treatment with aldehydes to afford febrazone, feclobuzone, mefobutazone, suxibuzone and the corresponding chalcones. The cyclization of the latter ramifenazone have found their clinical application as chalcones with hydrazine hydrate led to the formation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [10]. new pyrazoline derivatives. The second route involved the The benzofuran derivatives have attracted due to their synthesis of benzofuran-2-carbohydrazide and then treat- biological activities and potential application as pharma- ment with formylpyrazoles, chalcones and ketene dith- cological agents [11]. -
Introduced B.,Byhansen, 16
LB301 LB301 2021 2021 LEGISLATURE OF NEBRASKA ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH LEGISLATURE FIRST SESSION LEGISLATIVE BILL 301 Introduced by Hansen, B., 16. Read first time January 12, 2021 Committee: Judiciary 1 A BILL FOR AN ACT relating to the Uniform Controlled Substances Act; to 2 amend sections 28-401, 28-405, and 28-416, Revised Statutes 3 Cumulative Supplement, 2020; to redefine terms; to change drug 4 schedules and adopt federal drug provisions; to change a penalty 5 provision; and to repeal the original sections. 6 Be it enacted by the people of the State of Nebraska, -1- LB301 LB301 2021 2021 1 Section 1. Section 28-401, Revised Statutes Cumulative Supplement, 2 2020, is amended to read: 3 28-401 As used in the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, unless the 4 context otherwise requires: 5 (1) Administer means to directly apply a controlled substance by 6 injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means to the body of a 7 patient or research subject; 8 (2) Agent means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at the 9 direction of another person but does not include a common or contract 10 carrier, public warehouse keeper, or employee of a carrier or warehouse 11 keeper; 12 (3) Administration means the Drug Enforcement Administration of the 13 United States Department of Justice; 14 (4) Controlled substance means a drug, biological, substance, or 15 immediate precursor in Schedules I through V of section 28-405. 16 Controlled substance does not include distilled spirits, wine, malt 17 beverages, tobacco, hemp, or any nonnarcotic substance if such substance 18 may, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. -
Heterocyclic Chemistrychemistry
HeterocyclicHeterocyclic ChemistryChemistry Professor J. Stephen Clark Room C4-04 Email: [email protected] 2011 –2012 1 http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/staff/stephenc/UndergraduateTeaching.html Recommended Reading • Heterocyclic Chemistry – J. A. Joule, K. Mills and G. F. Smith • Heterocyclic Chemistry (Oxford Primer Series) – T. Gilchrist • Aromatic Heterocyclic Chemistry – D. T. Davies 2 Course Summary Introduction • Definition of terms and classification of heterocycles • Functional group chemistry: imines, enamines, acetals, enols, and sulfur-containing groups Intermediates used for the construction of aromatic heterocycles • Synthesis of aromatic heterocycles • Carbon–heteroatom bond formation and choice of oxidation state • Examples of commonly used strategies for heterocycle synthesis Pyridines • General properties, electronic structure • Synthesis of pyridines • Electrophilic substitution of pyridines • Nucleophilic substitution of pyridines • Metallation of pyridines Pyridine derivatives • Structure and reactivity of oxy-pyridines, alkyl pyridines, pyridinium salts, and pyridine N-oxides Quinolines and isoquinolines • General properties and reactivity compared to pyridine • Electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution quinolines and isoquinolines 3 • General methods used for the synthesis of quinolines and isoquinolines Course Summary (cont) Five-membered aromatic heterocycles • General properties, structure and reactivity of pyrroles, furans and thiophenes • Methods and strategies for the synthesis of five-membered heteroaromatics -
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
Michael Addition and Derivatives of 2-Carboxamido-3-phenylindenone' E. Campaigne and David A. Templer Department of Chemistry Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 Introduction Recently we have submitted several reports (6,7,8) dealing with the synthesis and reactions of 3-substituted 2-carboxamidoindenones. Among the reactions which these compounds undergo is a fascile Michael addition, and we wish to report here the addi- tion of a variety of nucleophiles to 2-carboxamido-3-phenylindenone (1) and some of the products derived from these compounds. The Michael reaction, now one hundred years old, is a useful synthetic tool that has led to a vast amount of research on its scope and limitations. It is the subject of an extensive review (1). The reaction generally refers to the addition of a nucleophile to a conjugated double bond which involves a series of reversible equilibrium reactions. Thus the reverse of Michael addition may occur, and products may be unstable on isolation. The synthesis of indenones via the cyclization of ylidenemalononitriles has been extensively studied in our laboratories (5). The first reported Michael addition to an in- denone was rather recent. In 1960, Koelsch (9) found that 2-carbethoxy-3-phenyl-l- indenone reacts readily with a variety of carbanions and other nucleophiles to give Michael adducts, but he was unable to alkylate the intermediate ions formed by these reactions. Addition of hydroxide, alkoxide, or amines led to the isolation of unstable crude ad- ducts, which reverted to the starting indenones on standing or in solution (10). Discussion The preparation of 3-cyano-3-phenyl-2-carboxamidoindanone (2a, Scheme 1) by the addition of cyanide to 1 has been previously reported (6). -
Schedules of Controlled Substances (.Pdf)
PURSUANT TO THE TEXAS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT, HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE, CHAPTER 481, THESE SCHEDULES SUPERCEDE PREVIOUS SCHEDULES AND CONTAIN THE MOST CURRENT VERSION OF THE SCHEDULES OF ALL CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES FROM THE PREVIOUS SCHEDULES AND MODIFICATIONS. This annual publication of the Texas Schedules of Controlled Substances was signed by John Hellerstedt, M.D., Commissioner of Health, and will take effect 21 days following publication of this notice in the Texas Register. Changes to the schedules are designated by an asterisk (*). Additional information can be obtained by contacting the Department of State Health Services, Drugs and Medical Devices Unit, P.O. Box 149347, Austin, Texas 78714-9347. The telephone number is (512) 834-6755 and the website address is http://www.dshs.texas.gov/dmd. SCHEDULES Nomenclature: Controlled substances listed in these schedules are included by whatever official, common, usual, chemical, or trade name they may be designated. SCHEDULE I Schedule I consists of: -Schedule I opiates The following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically excepted, if the existence of these isomers, esters, ethers, and salts are possible within the specific chemical designation: (1) Acetyl-α-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylacetamide); (2) Acetylmethadol; (3) Acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide); (4) Acryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide) (Other name: -
2020 Regular Session
HOUSE BILL 674 E4, J1 0lr0100 By: Chair, Judiciary Committee (By Request – Departmental – Health) Introduced and read first time: January 29, 2020 Assigned to: Judiciary Committee Report: Favorable House action: Adopted Read second time: March 8, 2020 CHAPTER ______ 1 AN ACT concerning 2 Controlled Dangerous Substances – Schedules 3 FOR the purpose of altering the lists of substances designated as controlled dangerous 4 substances under certain schedules under the Maryland Controlled Dangerous 5 Substances Act; making stylistic changes; and generally relating to schedules for 6 controlled dangerous substances. 7 BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 8 Article – Criminal Law 9 Section 5–402 through 5–406 10 Annotated Code of Maryland 11 (2012 Replacement Volume and 2019 Supplement) 12 SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 13 That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 14 Article – Criminal Law 15 5–402. 16 (a) Schedule I consists of each controlled dangerous substance: 17 (1) listed in this section; 18 (2) added to Schedule I by the Department under § 5–202(b) of this title; or EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MATTER ADDED TO EXISTING LAW. [Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law. Underlining indicates amendments to bill. Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by amendment. *hb0674* 2 HOUSE BILL 674 1 (3) designated as a Schedule I controlled dangerous substance by the 2 federal government unless the Department objects under § 5–202(f) of this title. -
O~~~4 a Bill for an Act
J~.B. NO. (O~~~4 A BILL FOR AN ACT RELATING TO THE UNIFORM CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII: 1 SECTION 1. Section 329-14, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is 2 amended by amending subsection (b) to read as follows: 3 “(b) Any of the following opiates, including their 4 isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, 5 and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence 6 of these isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within 7 the specific chemical designation: 8 (1) Acetyl—aipha—methylfentanyl (N—[1—(1—methyl—2— 9 phenethyl)—4-piperidinyl]—N—phenylacetamide) 10 (2) Acetylmethadol; 11 (3) Allylprodine; 12 (4) Alphacetylmethadol (except levo-alphacetylmethadol, 13 levomethadyl acetate, or LAAM) ; 14 ~(5) Aiphameprodine; 15 (6) Alphamethadoi; 16 (7) Alpha—methylfentanyl (N—[l—(alpha—methyl—beta— 17 phenyl)ethyl-4-piperidyl] propionanilide; 1-Cl-methyl- 18 2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido) piperidine); PSD—O1 (21) Page 2 Pi .B. NO. (O~ 1 (8) Aipha—methyithiofentanyl (N—[1—methyl—2—(2— 2 thienyl) ethyl-4-piperidinyl] -N-phenylpropanamide); 3 (9) Benzethidine; 4 (10) Betacetylmethadol; 5 (11) Beta—hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4- 6 piperidinyl] -N-phenylpropanamide); 7 (12) Beta—hydroxy-3—methylfentanyl (N—[1—(2—hydroxy—2— 8 phenethyl) -3-methyl-4-piperidinyl] -N- 9 phenyipropanamide); 10 (13) Betameprodine; 11 (14) Betamethadol; 12 (15) Betaprodine; 13 (16) Clonitazene; 14 (17) Dextromoramide; 15 (18) Diampromide; 16 (19) Diethyithiambutene; 17 (20) Difenoxin; 18 (21) Dimenoxadol; 19 (22) Dimepheptanol; 20 (23) Dimethyithiambutene; 21 (24) Dioxaphetyl butyrate; 22 (25) Dipipanone; PSD—01 (21) Page 3 j~B.NO. -
Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem®) Armodafinil (Nuvigil®) Solriamfetol (Sunosi®) Approval December 1998 July 2002 June 2007 March 2019 Cephalon, Inc
Modafanil (Provigil®) Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem®) Armodafinil (Nuvigil®) Solriamfetol (Sunosi®) Approval December 1998 July 2002 June 2007 March 2019 Cephalon, Inc. Orpahn Medical Cephalon, Inc. Jazz Pharmaceuticals Schedule C‐IV C‐III C‐IV C‐IV Sodium salt of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB active ingredient, Schedule I) Indication To improve wakefulness in adults with Treatment of cataplexy or excessive daytime To improve wakefulness in adults with To improve wakefulness in adults with excessive sleepiness associated with sleepiness in patients with Narcolepsy excessive sleepiness associated with excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, OSA, or shift work disorder narcolepsy, OSA, or shift work disorder narcolepsy or OSA (underlying airway obstruction should be treated for at least 1 month prior to & during Solriamfetol therapy Non-FDA Uses ● ADHD ● MDD (antidepressant ●Alcoholism ● Alcohol withdrawal syndrome ● Bipolar disorder, depressed phase, in - augmentation) ● Depression Unipolar or ● Breathing-related sleep disorder ● combination with conventional medications bipolar (adjunct) Fibromyalgia ● General anesthesia ● Opioid ● Multiple sclerosis/Depression withdrawal ● Sedation (adjunct)/Cancer related fatigue ● Schizophrenia (adjunct) ● Sleep deprivation ● Spastic cerebral palsy ● Steinert myotonic dystrophy syndrome MOA ●Modafinil increases dopamine by blocking Sodium oxybate’s (a CNS depressant) effects Armodafinil, the R-enantiomer of modafinil, Selective dopamine and norepinephrine (unclear) dopamine transporters are thought