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Louisville VAMC Final PEA Appendix C-4.Pdf MAY 2012 PHASE I ARCHEOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF THE FACTORY LANE SITE DUE DILIGENCE PROJECT IN LOUISVILLE, JEFFERSON COUNTY, KENTUCKY PREPARED FOR: CARPENTER/ROBBINS COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE, INC. 3160 CROW CANYON ROAD, SUITE 200 SAN RAMON, CA 94583 & DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 811 VERMONT AVENUE N.W. WASHINGTON, DC 20420 Sensitive Information: Not For Public Distribution R. CHRISTOPHER GOODWIN & ASSOCIATES, INC. 309 JEFFERSON HIGHWAY, SUITE A . NEW ORLEANS, LA 70121 PHASE I ARCHEOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF THE FACTORY LANE SITE DUE DILIGENCE PROJECT IN LOUISVILLE, JEFFERSON COUNTY, KENTUCKY William P. Athens, M.A., R.P.A. James Eberwine, M.S., R.P.A. Co-Principal Investigator Co-Principal Investigator [email protected] [email protected] By James Eberwine, Travis Shaw, Nathanael Heller, Katherine Fogg, and William P. Athens R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. 309 Jefferson Highway, Suite A New Orleans, LA 70121 Ph: 504-837-1940 Fx: 504-837-1550 [email protected] Contract # VA101-10-RP-0084(E) May 2012 For Evelyn Johnson Carpenter/Robbins Commercial Department of Veterans Affairs Real Estate, Inc. 811 Vermont Avenue N.W. 3160 Crow Canyon Road, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20420 San Ramon, CA 94583 202-461-8254 (925) 866-1300 (925) 866-1306 (Fax) i R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. Contains Privileged Information -- Do Not Release ABSTRACT his document presents the results of a cheological sites, isolated finds, standing struc- Phase I archeological inventory of the ap- tures, and cemeteries) situated within the proposed Tproximately 41.3 ha (102 ac) Factory Lane project area that might be impacted adversely as a Due Diligence Project located in Louisville, Jef- result of this undertaking. The field investigation ferson County, Kentucky. The cultural resources involved pedestrian reconnaissance and shovel investigation described herein was conducted at testing along survey transects spaced 20 m (65.6 the request of Carpenter/Robbins Commercial ft) apart. During the cultural resources investiga- Real Estate, Inc., and on behalf of the Department tion, a total of 1058 shovel tests were excavated. of Veterans Affairs (VA). Electronic polygons of The Phase I archeological inventory of the previously recorded archeological sites were re- Factory Lane Due Diligence Project identified ceived from the University of Kentucky Office a single archeological site, newly recorded Site of State Archaeology (OSA) on June 14, 2011; 15JF810, and two non-site cultural resources an in person review of these data was completed loci. Site 15JF810 was a low density scatter of on March 8, 2012. Fieldwork for the project was historic (i.e., nineteenth and twentieth century) conducted from February 23 and February 29, artifacts. The two non-site cultural resources loci 2012 by R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, each consisted of a single lithic flake. The three Inc. resources do not possess those qualities of sig- This study incorporated a comprehensive nificance as defined by the National Register of records review and the completion of a Phase I Historic Places Criteria for Evaluation (36 CFR archeological inventory of each project item. The 60.4 [a-d]). No additional investigation of these cultural resources investigation was designed to cultural resources or the Factory Lane Project identify and to evaluate all cultural resources (ar- parcel is recommended. ii R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. Contains Privileged Information -- Do Not Release TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page .........................................................i Abstract..........................................................ii List of Figures..................................................... v List of Tables......................................................vi I. Introduction ................................................. 1 Project Description ..............................................................1 Project Results .................................................................1 Project Personnel ...............................................................4 Curation ......................................................................4 Organization of the Report . .4 II. Natural Settings .............................................. 5 Physiography ..................................................................5 Geology.......................................................................5 Geomorphology ................................................................5 Soils .........................................................................6 Hydrology ....................................................................7 Paleo-environment ..............................................................7 Modern Ecology ................................................................8 Flora...................................................................8 Fauna ..................................................................8 Climate .......................................................................8 III. Prehistoric Setting ............................................ 9 Prehistoric Cultural Sequence......................................................9 Paleo-Indian Stage (pre ca. 10,000 - 8000 B.C.) .......................................9 Archaic Stage (8000 - 1000 B.C.)..................................................10 Early Archaic Period (8000 - 6000 B.C.) .....................................10 Middle Archaic Period (6000 - 4000 B.C.) ....................................11 Late Archaic Period (4000 - 1000 B.C.) ......................................11 Woodland Stage (1000 B.C. - A.D. 900/1000) ........................................12 Early Woodland Period (1000-200 B.C.)......................................12 Middle Woodland Period (200 B.C.-A.D. 500).................................13 Late Woodland Period (A.D. 500-1000) . 14 Mississippian/Fort Ancient Stage (A.D. 1000-1700) ...................................14 IV. History .................................................... 17 European Exploration and Colonization 1669-1792 ...................................17 Statehood to the Civil War: 1792-1861..............................................18 The Civil War: 1861-1865 .......................................................19 iii R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. Contains Privileged Information -- Do Not Release Post War Recovery: 1865-1900 ...................................................19 Early Twentieth Century Expansion: 1900-1945 ......................................20 Post-War to the Modern Day: 1945-Present ..........................................21 V. Previous Investigations ....................................... 22 Background Research ...........................................................22 Previously Completed Cultural Resources Surveys Situated within 2.0 km (1.2 mi) of the Current Project Area ......................................22 Previously Recorded Archeological Sites Identified within 2.0 km (1.6 mi) of the Current Project Area .............................................24 Standing Structures Greater than 50 Years in Age Identified within 2.0 km (1.6 mi) of the Project Area .............................................25 Properties Listed on the National Register of Historic Places Located Within 2.0 km (1.2 mi) of the Project Area ....................................26 VI. Methodology................................................ 29 Field Methodology .............................................................29 Pedestrian Survey and Shovel Testing........................................29 Site Recordation and Delineation .................................................29 Laboratory Analysis ............................................................30 Historic/Modern Cultural Material Analysis ...................................30 Prehistoric Lithic Analysis.................................................30 Curation .....................................................................31 VII. Results of the Field Investigations .............................. 32 Introduction ..................................................................32 Factory Lane Area A .....................................................32 Factory Lane Area B .....................................................41 Locus FLS-B-01 ..................................................44 Locus FLS-B-02 ..................................................44 Summary and Recommendations .................................................49 References Cited.................................................. 50 Artifact Inventory .........................................Appendix I Curriculum Vitae .........................................Appendix II iv R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. Contains Privileged Information -- Do Not Release LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Map excerpt showing the location of the Factory Lane Due Diligence Project Area. ............................................................2 Figure 1.2 USGS Quadrangle excerpt showing the location of the Factory Lane Due Diligence Project Area. ....................................................3 Figure 7.1 Aerial photograph depicting the locations of survey transects and shovel tests within FSL-A. ......................................................33 Figure 7.2 Aerial photograph depicting the locations of survey transects and shovel tests within FSL-B. ......................................................34 Figure
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