February 23, 2016 Rod Bradley BHA, Inc. 5115 Avenida Encinas, Suite L

February 23, 2016

Rod Bradley BHA, Inc. 5115 Avenida Encinas, Suite L Carlsbad, CA 92010

Re: Cultural Resources Study for the Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Bradley,

This report presents the results of a cultural resources study conducted by ASM Affiliates, Inc. (ASM) for the proposed Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project (Project). The Project is located in the city of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. The Project site is approximately 5 acres in extent and is located east of Valley Street, between Buena Vista Way and McCauley Lane. The Project is shown in Section 6 of Township 12 South, Range 4 West, and in Section 31 of Township 11 South, Range 4 West, in the southwestern central portion of the San Luis Rey USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle (Figures 1 and 2).

This study was performed in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) to determine the presence or absence of potentially significant prehistoric and historic resources within the project’s Area of Potential Effects (APE). The City of Carlsbad is the lead agency for the Project. This cultural resources study consisted of a review of all relevant site records and reports on file with the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) at San Diego State University within a 1/2-mile (mi.) search radius, a pedestrian survey of the APE, and a review of the Sacred Lands File held by the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC).

No cultural resources were identified within the APE during ASM’s pedestrian survey. One fenced modern residence, located within the future Lot 14, is present and will remain on the property. The Project area was previously in use for agricultural activities, and the remains of four ancillary structures are present: (1) the wooden frame of an abandoned commercial greenhouse; (2) the remains of a corrugated metal structure; (3) the remains of a wooden ancillary structure; and (4) the remains of a wooden barn. A review of the historic aerial photographs of the Project area shows that these buildings are less than 50 years old. This report includes the results of the study, as well as a brief historic background sketch for the area and archaeological recommendations. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 2 of 21

Cultural Setting

Prehistory Archaeological fieldwork along the southern California coast has documented a diverse range of human occupation extending from the early Holocene into the Ethnohistoric period (Erlandson and Colten 1991; Jones 1992; Moratto 1984). A variety of different regional chronologies, often with overlapping terminology, have been used in coastal southern California, and they vary from region to region (Moratto 1984). Today, the prehistory of San Diego County is generally divided into three major temporal periods: Paleo-Indian, Archaic, and Late Prehistoric. These time periods are characterized by patterns in material culture that are thought to represent distinct regional trends in the economic and social organization of prehistoric groups. In addition, particular scholars referring to specific areas utilize a number of cultural terms synonymously with these temporal labels: San Dieguito for Paleo-Indian, La Jolla for Archaic, and San Luis Rey for Late Prehistoric (Meighan 1959; Moriarty 1966; Rogers 1939, 1945; True 1966, Wallace 1978; Warren 1964).

Paleo-Indian Period The antiquity of human occupation in the New World has been the subject of considerable debate over the last few decades. The most widely accepted model currently is that humans first entered the western hemisphere between 12,000 and 15,000 years B.P. While there is no firm evidence of human occupation in coastal southern California prior to 12,000 B.P., dates as early as 23,000 B.P. and even 48,000 B.P. have been reported (Bada et al. 1974; Carter 1980; Rogers 1974). The amino acid racemization technique used to date these sites has been largely discredited, however, by more recent accelerator radiocarbon dating of early human remains along the California coast (Taylor et al. 1985). Despite intense interest and a long history of research, no widely accepted evidence of human occupation of North America dating prior to 15,000 B.P. has emerged.

As in most of North America, the earliest recognized period of California prehistory is termed Paleo-Indian. In southern California, this period is usually considered to date from at least 10,000 B.P. until 8500 to 7200 B.P. (Moratto 1984; Warren et al. 2008), and is represented by what is known as the San Dieguito complex (Rogers 1966). Within the local classificatory system, San Dieguito assemblages are composed almost entirely of flaked stone tools, including scrapers, choppers, and large projectile points (Warren 1987; Warren et al. 2008).

Archaic Period The Archaic period (also referred to as the Early Milling period) extends back at least 7,200 years, possibly to as early as 9000 B.P. (Moratto 1984; Rogers 1966; Warren et al. 2008). Archaic subsistence is generally considered to have differed from Paleo-Indian subsistence in two major ways. First, gathering activities were emphasized over hunting, with shellfish and seed collecting having a high importance. Second, milling technology, frequently employing portable ground stone slabs, was developed. In reality, the implications of this transition are poorly understood from both an economic and a cultural standpoint (see Warren et al. 2008 for an excellent review). Mr. Rod Bradley Page 3 of 21

Early Archaic occupations in San Diego County are most apparent along the coast and the major drainage systems that extend inland from the coastal plains (Moratto 1984). Coastal Archaic sites are characterized by cobble tools, basin metates, manos, discoidals, a small number of “Pinto” and “Elko” series dart points, and flexed burials. Together, these elements typify what is termed the La Jolla complex in San Diego County, which appears as the early coastal manifestation of a more diversified way of life.

Late Prehistoric Period

Assemblages derived from Late Prehistoric sites in San Diego County differ in many ways from those in the Archaic tradition. The occurrence of small, pressure-flaked projectile points, the replacement of flexed inhumations with cremations, the introduction of ceramics, and an emphasis on inland plant food collection, processing, and storage (especially acorns) are cultural patterns that were well established by the second millennium A.D. The centralized and seasonally permanent residential patterns that had begun to emerge during the Archaic period became well established in most areas. Inland semisedentary villages appeared along major watercourses in the foothills and in montane valleys where seasonal exploitation of acorns and piñon nuts was common, resulting in milling stations on bedrock outcrops. Mortars for acorn processing increased in frequency relative to seed-grinding basins.

Ethnohistoric Period In ethnohistoric times, two main cultural groups occupied San Diego County: the Uto- Aztecan-speaking Luiseño in the north and the Kumeyaay, Ipai/Tipai or Diegueño in the south. Traditionally, Luiseño territory encompassed an area from roughly Agua Hedionda on the coast, east to Lake Henshaw, north into Riverside County, and west through San Juan Capistrano to the coast (Bean and Shipek 1978; Kroeber 1925; Rivers 1993). The region inhabited by various groups of the Kumeyaay was much larger and probably extended from Agua Hedionda lagoon eastward into the Imperial Valley and southward through much of northern Baja California (Almstedt 1982; Gifford 1931; Hedges 1975; Luomala 1978; Shipek 1982; Spier 1923).

The term Luiseño is derived from association with the San Luis Rey Mission, on the San Luis Rey River. The Luiseño people had a fairly rigid social structure and a moderately high population density (Bean and Shipek 1978). Maximum population estimates at Spanish contact range from 5,000 (Kroeber 1925) to 10,000 (White 1963). With a territory extending for almost 4,000 km², maximum population density estimates range from 1.25 to 2.5 persons per km² (3.3 to 6.7 persons per mi.2). White (1963) estimated that the Luiseño included approximately 50 villages of 200 individuals each, while Oxendine (1983), using Portolá expedition observations, indicated that village size was closer to 60. Recent research with mission records suggests that village size varied significantly in the eighteenth century, with larger villages such as Topome along the Santa Margarita River consisting of multiple clans (Johnson and Crawford 1999). Mr. Rod Bradley Page 4 of 21

The Luiseño were divided into several autonomous lineages or kin groups based on patrilineal descent groups and a patrilocal residential pattern. Each Luiseño lineage was based around an autonomous village that held collective ownership over a well-defined territory for hunting and gathering, and violations of trespass were punished (Bean and Shipek 1978). Village territories may have ranged from as small as 10 km² near the coast along major drainages such as the San Luis Rey River (Oxendine 1983:45) to as large as 100 km² elsewhere (White 1963). A variety of shorter-term residential camps (such as for acorn gathering) and specialized localities occurred within each village territory (Oxendine 1983; White 1963). There are varied estimates for the length of the annual stay at the main village, and True et al. (1974) have even suggested a seasonal pattern with two permanent base camps, one in a major valley and another in the mountain region. Leadership included hereditary chiefs and council members who had specialized knowledge and authority over specific religious, economic, and warfare issues. Leaders conducted elaborate ceremonies; ritual and ceremonial specialists maintained ceremonial knowledge in secrecy and passed on the knowledge to only one heir (White 1963; Winterrowd and Shipek 1986). These leaders and specialists made use of fenced-in ceremonial structures, located in the village center.

Economic activities took place on the community and extended household levels, and varied significantly between coastal and inland areas (Bean and Shipek 1978:552). Community-wide efforts included fire management for game drives, and systematic use of fire to facilitate grasslands and increase yields of key plants and animals. Such burning was regularly mentioned in early Spanish accounts (Bean and Lawton 1976; Blackburn and Anderson 1993). Acorns, gathered in upland areas, have been considered the most important food source. Seeds from grasses, manzanita, sage, sunflowers, lemonade berry, chia, and other plants were also used, along with various wild greens and fruits. Deer, antelope, small game, and birds were exploited. Coastal marine animals utilized as food included sea mammals, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Near-shore fishing was done from light balsa reed or dugout canoes. Some accounts indicate that coastal communities exploited local shellfish in the winter (Sparkman 1908; White 1963), and during times of stress the interior Luiseño traveled to the coast to obtain shellfish, fish, and even some land mammals (White 1963). Bean and Shipek (1978) noted that most inland groups also had fishing and gathering locations on the coast that they visited annually when the tides were low or when the inland resources were scarce, typically from January through March.

Rigid gender division of labor did not exist, but women generally collected plant resources and men hunted (Bean and Shipek 1978). Houses were dispersed throughout villages. Lowland village houses were conical structures covered with tule bundles, and other structures included sweathouses, ceremonial enclosures, ramadas, and acorn granaries. Domestic implements included wooden utensils, baskets, ceramic cooking and storage vessels, and milling tools. Hunting implements included bow and arrow, curved throwing sticks, nets, and snares. Nets and hooks made of shell and bone were used for fishing.

Historic Period The Hispanic era in California’s history includes the Spanish Colonial (1769-1821) and Mexican Republic (1821-1846) periods. This era witnessed the transition from a society Mr. Rod Bradley Page 5 of 21 dominated by religious and military institutions consisting of missions and presidios to a civilian population residing on large ranchos or in pueblos (Chapman 1925).

On July 20, 1769, Father Juan Crespí arrived in the San Luis Rey River Valley with the Portolá expedition to Monterey. His report back to his superiors declaring it an ideal location for a mission led to the eventual founding of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia (Pourade 1961:115). The mission was formally dedicated on June 13, 1798. Named for King Louis IX of France, this mission became known as the “King of Missions” due to its size and success. At its height, San Luis Rey became one of the most populous and successful of the missions. In 1824, it had an Indian neophyte population of 3,000 and the extensive mission lands supported 1,500 horses, 2,800 sheep, and 22,000 cattle (Pourade 1961:139).

The effects of missionization and the introduction of Old World diseases, greatly reduced the Native American population of southern California. Inland Luiseño groups were not heavily affected by Spanish influence until 1816, when an outpost of the mission was established 32 km further inland at Pala (Sparkman 1908). Most villagers, however, continued to maintain many of their aboriginal customs and simply adopted the agricultural and animal husbandry practices learned from Spaniards.

Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821, and with it the process of dismantling of the mission system began to unfold. The 1833 Secularization Act passed by the Mexican Congress ordered half of all mission lands to be transferred to the Indians, and the other half to remain in trust and managed by an appointed administrator. These orders were never implemented due to several factors that conspired to prevent the Indians from regaining their patrimony. By 1835, the missions, including Mission San Luis Rey, were secularized.

The subsequent American period (1846 to present) witnessed the development of San Diego County in various ways. This time period includes the rather rapid dominance over Californio culture by Anglo-Victorian (Yankee) culture and the rise of urban centers and rural communities. A Frontier period from 1850 to 1870 saw the region’s transformation from a feudal-like society to an aggressive capitalistic economy in which American entrepreneurs gained control of most large ranchos and transformed San Diego into a merchant-dominated market town. Between 1870 and 1930, urban development established the cities of San Diego, National City, Coronado, El Cajon, Escondido, La Mesa, Oceanside, and Chula Vista, while a rural society based on family-owned farms organized by rural school district communities also developed, especially in the northern region of the county. The Army and Navy took an increased interest in the San Diego harbor between 1900 and 1940. The Army established coastal defense fortifications at Fort Rosecrans on Point Loma, and the Navy developed major facilities in the bay (Fredericks 1979; Van Wormer and Roth 1985). The 1920s brought a land boom (Robinson 1942) that stimulated development throughout the city and county, particularly in the Point Loma, Pacific Beach, and Mission Beach areas. Development stalled during the depression years of the 1930s, but World War II ushered in a period of growth based on expanding defense industries. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 6 of 21

The city of Carlsbad was incorporated in 1952, and its zigzagged boundaries extended from the Buena Vista Lagoon to present-day Palomar Airport Road. Today, the boundaries extend south from State Route 78 to the southern edge of Batiquitos Lagoon at La Costa Avenue and southeast beyond Rancho Santa Fe Road. The community that became the city of Carlsbad aligned with county-wide trends of the American Period (1850-present) when the northern part of Carlsbad and portions of Oceanside and Vista were part of the 13,311- acre land grant known as Rancho Agua Hedionda. The California Southern Railroad connecting to the transcontinental line was completed in 1885 but had been constructed through the Carlsbad area in 1881. However the community of Carlsbad did not exist until John A. Frazier purchased over 100 acres in present-day downtown Carlsbad from a homesteader in 1883. The Carlsbad Depot was constructed in 1887. The depot was the only commercial building and the center of town at the time, and so it served as a Wells Fargo express station, post office, telegraph station, and general store. A real estate depression took place across the county in the 1890s.

Carlsbad revived from the 1890s depression in 1914 when the South Coast Land Company purchased much of the area and negotiated water delivery from the San Luis Rey River. Agricultural use took off after water supplies were secured, and continued for the next several decades. Despite the financial impacts of the Great Depression, Carlsbad’s primary economies remained: tourism and agricultural production, especially avocados. The Army and Navy Academy moved to Carlsbad in 1936, which also aided in sustaining the community, but the postwar influx made the greatest impact. Both commercial businesses and residential development boomed in the years following World War II across San Diego County and in the city of Carlsbad.

Study Methods

Methods used to assess the presence or absence of cultural resources within the property included a search of existing records and an intensive field survey. The records search was conducted at the SCIC on November 29, 2015 (Appendix A). The search included the Project area and a radius of ½ mi. around it. A records search of the Sacred Lands File held by the NAHC was requested on November 20, 2015 (Appendix B). Historic aerial photographs, provided by historicaerials.com, of the Project area were examined.

The field survey was conducted on November 23, 2015, by ASM archaeologist Kent Manchen. Field methods consisted of a pedestrian survey of the APE by the archaeologist in transects spaced at 10-m intervals. The APE was photographed, and all visible soils were examined for cultural resources.

Study Results

SCIC Records Search Results Sixteen cultural resource studies have previously addressed the ½-mi. record search radius surrounding the APE. Two of the reports, NADB Nos. 1124111 and 1129361, have addressed the Project area. Descriptions of the cultural resource studies within the records search radius are provided in Table 1. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 7 of 21

Table 1. Previous Cultural Resources Reports Addressing the APE and ½-Mile Records Search Radius NADB Relation to the Authors Date Title No. APE A Test of SDM-W-1172, an 1120645 Bull, Charles 1979 Outside Archaeological Site in Buena Woods An Archaeological Survey of Buena 1120659 Bull, Charles 1978 Outside Woods 3-4, Carlsbad, California An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Outside 1121698 Polan, H. Keith 1983 Alanda Project, Carlsbad, California Nasland Draft Environmental Impact Report: Outside 1122053 1983 Engineering Alanda Project Draft Environmental Impact Report: 1124111 LarrySeeman 1982 Revised Parks and Recreation Element, Intersect Carlsbad, California Draft Environmental Impact Report for 1124940 Recon 1977 Outside Buena Woods 3-4 Archaeological Investigation of SDM-W- Outside 1125018 Cardenas,D.Sean 1985 143/146: A Unique Coastal Luiseño Occupation Site in Carlsbad, CA Negative Archaeological Survey Report Outside 1126248 Caltrans 1998 District 11 Archaeological Survey Report for the Byrd, Brian F. and 1129361 2002 Phase I Archaeological Survey along Intersect Collin O'Neill Interstate 5 San Diego County, CA. Guerrero, Monica City Of Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Outside 1129571 C. and Dennis R. 2003 Plans Cultural Resource Background Gallegos Study, City Of Carlsbad, California Historic Property Survey Report, I-5 North Outside 1131761 Dominici, Deb 2007 Coast Widening Project Cultural Resource Records Search and Site Outside Bonner, Wayne H. Visit Results for T-Mobile Facility 1131880 and Marnie Aislin- 2008 Candidate Sd06295u (Carlsbad High Kay School), 3557 Lancer Way, Carlsbad, San Diego County, California Cultural Resource Survey, Carlsbad High Outside 1132152 Kyle, Carolyn E. 2009 School, 3557 Lancer Way City of Carlsbad County Of San Diego, California Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project Outside 1133916 Caltrans 2012 Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Report/ Environmental Impact Statement Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project Outside Final Environmental Impact Report/ 1134495 Caltrans 2013 Environmental Impact Statement And Section 4(f) Evaluation Outside 1134615 Caltrans 2013 I-5 North Corridor Project Supplemental Mr. Rod Bradley Page 8 of 21

The records search indicated that no cultural resources have been previously recorded within the APE. Four cultural resources are located within the ½-mi. search radius of the APE. Descriptions of the four previously recorded resources within the search radius are provided in Table 2.

Table 2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources within the APE and ½-Mile Records Search Radius

Designation Primary Relation to the Trinomial Site Type Recorder, Date Number APE P-37- CA-SDI- Shell Midden, Hatley and Bull 005077 5077 Outside Habitation Site 1977 Norwood 1977, Wade 1985, 005213 5213 Habitation Site Outside Unknown Author Unknown Date Shell Midden, 010746 10746 Cardenas 1986 Outside Habitation Site 029410 18819 Shell Midden Anderson 2008 Outside

A search of the historic addresses on file at the SCIC identified two previously recorded historic addresses within the ½-mi. search radius. None of the historic addresses are located within the APE. The historic addresses are described in Table 3.

Table 3. Previously Recorded Historic Addresses within the APE and 1/2-Mile Records Search Radius

Building Type / Common / Address City, Zip Code Relation to the APE Historic Name 2565 Pio Pico Drive Carlsbad, 92008 Residence Outside 1166 Carlsbad Village Government buildings Carlsbad, 92008 Outside Drive P-37-029985

NAHC Records Search Results A record search of the Sacred Lands File held by the NAHC was requested on November 20, 2015. On December 8, 2015 the NAHC responded that the Sacred Lands File record search revealed that one archaeological site, SDI-8797, has been recorded on the San Luis Rey USGS Quadrangle and the Tribal Council of the San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians should be contacted for additional information. SDI-8797 is located approximately 3 mi. to the south of the project area and consists of a prehistoric habitation site, with numerous artifacts, hearths, rock features and burials. SDI-8797 had both Archaic and Late Prehistoric period occupations.

The NAHC also provided a list of 23 Native American tribal entities and individuals from which to gather additional information. ASM sent letters requesting additional information Mr. Rod Bradley Page 9 of 21 to these tribal entities and individuals on December 10, 2015. Shasta Gaughen, the Tribal Historic Preservation Officer of the Pala Band of Mission Indians, responded on December 15, 2015 that the Project area is beyond the boundaries of their Traditional Use Area; however they request to be kept in the information loop as the project progresses. On December 17, 2015 the Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians responded that a Kumeyaay Cultural Monitor be on site for ground disturbing activities. On December 30, 2015, Merri Lopez-Keifer of the San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians responded that a Native American monitor should be present for all ground disturbing activities and cultural resource assessment surveys. The San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians requests an in person discussion of the project, and that all reports regarding the project be provided to them. On January 7, 2016 Joseph Ontiveros of the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians responded that a Native American monitor should be present during any ground disturbance, surveys, or testing associated with the project and that the Soboba Band wishes to defer to the San Luis Rey Band of Luiseño Indians. On January 19, 2016 Chris Devers of the Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians responded that a Native American monitor should be present for all ground disturbance. On January 21, 2016, Vincent Whipple of the Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians responded that they did not require any further consultation at this time. To date, no additional responses have been received. All correspondence pertaining to the NAHC is provided in Appendix B.

Survey Conditions and Results The APE is highly disturbed, as most of the property has been used extensively for agriculture (Figure 3). No cultural resources were identified during the archaeological survey.

The ground surface visibility was good to fair, occasionally obscured by overgrown vegetation, modern trash, and black tarp. The natural landscape of the APE has been modified by decades of agricultural use with approximately 50 percent of the ground surface showing ruts from plowing. The northeast corner of the property has been developed and contains an existing residence that will not be altered as part of this project (Figure 4). The remains of four ancillary structures are present within the APE. These structures are temporary buildings which were previously used to support the agricultural use of the Project area.

Structure Remains 1 are the wooden frame of an abandoned commercial greenhouse and are located within the southern half of the APE (shown in Figures 3 and 5). Structure Remains 2 are a corrugated metal structure (Figure 6). Structure Remains 3 are a wooden ancillary structure (Figure 7). Structure Remains 4 are a wooden barn (Figures 3 and 5).

The historic aerial photographs show that the Project area was in use for agricultural purposes prior to 1938. By 1947, at least one building is present within the Project area. The historic aerial photographs show that Structure Remains 1, Structure Remains 2, and Structure Remains 3 were constructed between 1980 and 1990, as they are not visible on the 1980 aerial photograph but are visible on the 1990 aerial photograph. Several buildings have been present within the vicinity of Structure Remains 4, the earliest of which was constructed between 1938 and 1947. However, between 1994 and 1997 the footprint of the Mr. Rod Bradley Page 10 of 21 building changed shape, showing that the previous ancillary building near Structure Remains 4 was replaced during this time period (Historicaerials.com 2015).

Recommendations

No cultural resources were identified within the APE in the record searches or during the pedestrian field survey. Construction monitoring by a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor is recommended during any pre-construction soil testing and the initial grading of the APE, due to the presence of cultural resources in the vicinity of the Project area. In the event that any previously undetected cultural resources are encountered, all work should cease in the vicinity of the discovery and a qualified archaeologist should be contacted to evaluate such discoveries and determine if additional archaeological work is needed.

Should you have any questions regarding this study, please do not hesitate to call me.

Respectfully submitted,

Shelby G. Castells, M.A., RPA Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1. Project vicinity. Figure 2. Project location, shown on the USGS 7.5’ topographic San Luis Rey quad map. Figure 3. Overview of plowed area with Structure Remains 1-greenhouse frame, Structure Remains 4- wooden barn, and Valley Street in background, facing southwest. Figure 4. Existing house (Lot 14), facing northeast. Figure 5. The remains of a Structure Remains 1-greenhouse frame and Structure Remains 4-wooden barn, facing northwest. Figure 6. Structure Remains 2 -corrugated metal building, taken from inside greenhouse frame, facing southwest. Figure 7. Structure Remains 3 -wooden ancillary building facing southeast.

Appendix A SCIC Records Search Confirmation Appendix B NAHC Correspondence

References Cited

Almstedt, Ruth 1982 Kumeyaay and Ipay. In APS/SDG&E Interconnection Native American Cultural Resources, edited by Clyde Woods, pp. 6-20. Wirth Associates, San Diego. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 11 of 21

Bada, Jeffrey, Roy Schroeder, and George Carter 1974 New Evidence for the Antiquity of Man in North America Deduced from Aspartic Acid Racemization. Science 184:791-793.

Bean, Lowell J., and Harry W. Lawton 1976 Some Explanations for the Rise of Cultural Complexity in Native California with Comments on Proto-Agriculture and Agriculture. In Native Californians: A Theoretical Retrospective, edited by Lowell J. Bean and Thomas C. Blackburn, pp. 7-30. Ballena Press, Ramona, California.

Bean, Lowell John, and Florence C. Shipek 1978 Luiseño. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 550-563. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Blackburn, Thomas C., and Kat Anderson (editors) 1993 Before the Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians. Ballena Press, Menlo Park, California.

Carter, George 1980 Earlier Than You Think: A Personal View of Man in the Americas. Texas A&M University, College Station.

Chapman, Charles 1925 A History of California: The Spanish Period. Macmillan Company, New York.

Erlandson, Jon, and Roger H. Colten 1991 An Archaeological Context for Early Holocene Studies on the California Coast. In Hunter Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Roger H. Colten, pp. 1-10. Perspectives in California Archaeology, Volume 1. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Fredericks, Edward 1979 The U. S. Navy in San Diego Prior to World War II -- In They Came From the Sea: A Maritime History of San Diego. Cabrillo Historical Association, San Diego.

Gifford, Edward W. 1931 The Kamia of Imperial Valley. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 98. Washington, D.C.

Hedges, Ken 1975 Notes on the Kumeyaay: A Problem of Identification. Journal of California Anthropology 2:71-83. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 12 of 21

Historicaerials.com 2015 Historic aerial photographs of the Project Area at Buena Vista Way. Electronic document, www.historicaerials.com, accessed December 15, 2015.

Johnson, John, and Dinah Crawford 1999 Contributions to Luiseño Ethnohistory Based on Mission Register Research. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 35:79-102.

Jones, Terry 1992 Settlement Trends along the California Coast. In Essays on the Prehistory of Maritime California, edited by Terry L. Jones, pp. 1-38. Center for Archaeological Research at Davis No. 10. Davis, California.

Kroeber, A. L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.

Luomala, Katherine 1978 Tipai and Ipai. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 592-609. Handbook of the North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Meighan, Clement 1959 California Cultures and the Concept of an Archaic Stage. American Antiquity 24:289-305.

Moratto, Michael 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.

Moriarty, James 1966 Cultural Phase Divisions Suggested by Typological Change Coordinated with Stratigraphically Controlled Radiocarbon Dating at San Diego. Anthropological Journal of Canada 4:20-30. 1976 The Cabrillo National Monument: A Physical and Cultural Overview. Report prepared for Western Regional Office, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.

Oxendine, Joan 1983 The Luiseño Village during the Late Prehistoric Period. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside.

Pourade, Richard F. 1961 Time of the Bells. Union Tribune, San Diego. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 13 of 21

Rivers, Betty 1993 The Pendleton Coast District: An Ethnographic and Historical Background. In The Cultural Resources of the Pendleton Coast District. Report on file at Cultural Heritage Section, California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento.

Robinson, W. W. 1942 The Southern California Real Estate Boom of the Twenties. Southern California Quarterly 24(1):23-28.

Rogers, Malcolm J. 1939 Early Lithic Industries of the Lower Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas. San Diego Museum Papers No. 3. 1945 An Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1:167- 198. 1966 Ancient Hunters of the Far West. Union-Tribune, San Diego.

Rogers, Spencer L. 1974 An Ancient Human Skeleton Found at Del Mar, California. San Diego Museum Papers No. 7.

Shipek, Florence 1982 Kumeyaay Socio-Political Structure. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 4:296-303.

Sparkman, Phillip Stedman 1908 The Culture of the Luiseño Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8:188-234. Berkeley.

Spier, Leslie 1923 Southern Diegueno Customs. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 20:295-358. Berkeley.

Taylor, R., L. Payen, C. Prior, P. Slota, R. Gillespie, J. Gowlett, R. Hedges, A. Hull, T. Zabel, D. Donahue, and R. Berger 1985 Major Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Human Skeletons by C14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: None Older Than 11,000 C14 Years B.P. American Antiquity 50:136-140.

True, Delbert 1966 Archaeological Differentiation of Shoshonean and Yuman Speaking Groups in Southern California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 14 of 21

True, Delbert L., Clement W. Meighan, and Harvey Crew 1974 Archaeological Investigations at Molpa, San Diego County, California. University of California Publications in Anthropology No. 11. Berkeley.

Van Wormer, Stephen, and Linda Roth 1985 Guns on Point Loma: A History of Fort Rosecrans and the Defense of San Diego Harbor. In The Military on Point Loma, pp. 1-20. Cabrillo Historical Association, San Diego.

Wallace, William J. 1978 Post-Pleistocene Archaeology, 9000 to 2000 B.C. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 25-36. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Warren, Claude N. 1964 Cultural Change and Continuity on the San Diego Coast. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles. 1987 The San Dieguito and La Jolla: Some Comments. In San Dieguito – La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by D. Gallegos, pp. 73-85. San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper No. 1.

Warren, Claude, Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittmer 2008 Paleo-Indian and Early Archaic Periods. In Prehistoric and Historic Archaeology of Metropolitan San Diego: A Historic Properties Background Study, pp. 13-107. ASM Affiliates, Carlsbad, California. White, Raymond C. 1963 Luiseño Social Organization. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 48:91-194. Berkeley.

Winterrowd, Cathy, and Florence Shipek 1986 Ethnographic Investigation: Pala Sand and Gravel Extraction Project. RBR and Associates, San Diego. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 15 of 21

Figure 1. Project vicinity. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 16 of 21

Figure 2. Project location, shown on the USGS 7.5’ topographic San Luis Rey quad map. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 17 of 21

Figure 3. Overview of plowed area with Structure Remains 1-greenhouse frame. Structure Remains 4- wooden barn, and Valley Street in background, facing southwest.

Figure 4. Existing house (Lot 14), facing northeast. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 18 of 21

Figure 5. The remains of a Structure Remains 1-greenhouse frame and Structure Remains 4-wooden barn, facing northwest.

Figure 6. Structure Remains 2 -corrugated metal building, taken from inside greenhouse frame, facing southwest. Mr. Rod Bradley Page 19 of 21

Figure 7. Structure Remains 3-wooden ancillary building facing southeast. Appendix A SCIC Record Search Confirmation South Coastal Information Center San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182-5320 Office: (619) 594-5682 www.scic.org [email protected]

CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM RECORDS SEARCH

Company: ASM Affiliates Company Representative: Shelby Castells Date Processed: 11/29/2015 Project Identification: Yada Family Farm

Search Radius: 1/2 mile

Historical Resources: YES Trinomial and Primary site maps have been reviewed. All sites within the project boundaries and the specified radius of the project area have been plotted. Copies of the site record forms have been included for all recorded sites. Previous Survey Report Boundaries: YES Project boundary maps have been reviewed. National Archaeological Database (NADB) citations for reports within the project boundaries and within the specified radius of the project area have been included. Historic Addresses: YES A map and database of historic properties (formerly Geofinder) has been included. Historic Maps: YES The historic maps on file at the South Coastal Information Center have been reviewed, and copies have been included.

Summary of SHRC Approved CHRIS IC Records Search Elements

RSID: 0 RUSH: no Hours: 1 Spatial Features: 21 Address-Mapped Shapes: yes Digital Database Records: 2 Quads: 1 Aerial Photos: 0 PDFs: Yes PDF Pages: 41

This is not an invoice. Please pay from the monthly billing statement Appendix B NAHC Correspondence

November 20, 2015

Ms. Katy Sanchez California Native American Heritage Commission 1550 Harbor Blvd. Suite 100 West Sacramento, CA Via Email: [email protected]

Re: Sacred Land Search Request for the Yada Family Farm Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Ms. Sanchez,

ASM Affiliates, Inc. (ASM) is conducting a cultural resource survey for Yada Family Farm Subdivision Project (Project), City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. The Project is located on the San Luis Rey USGS 7.5’ Quad, within Section 31 of Township 11 South, Range 4 West and Section 6 of Township 12 South, Range 4 West (Figure 1). This study is being undertaken in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act. The City of Carlsbad is the lead agency. The Project proposes to subdivide the Project area into 13 lots.

A records search for the project area was conducted by the South Coastal Information Center. I am writing to inquire if you have registered any cultural resources, traditional cultural properties, or areas of heritage sensitivity within this proposed project area? Our investigation will include direct contact with local tribal entities in a manner that ensures complete confidentiality. We request that you send a listing of the appropriate individuals to make contact with related to this Project. Please submit your response to me at our Carlsbad office, listed below. Feel free to call, write, or e-mail if you have any questions. We appreciate any information you can provide on this project.

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1. Map of the Project area shown on the USGS 7.5’ Topographic Map.

Native American Heritage Commission Yada Family Farm Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project area shown on the USGS 7.5’ Topographic Map.

December 10, 2015

Pala Band of Mission Indians Shasta Gaughen, PhD, THPO PMB 50, 35008 Temecula Rd. Pala, CA 92059

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Ms. Gaughen,

ASM Affiliates, Inc. (ASM) is conducting a cultural resources study for the Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California (Project). The Project is located on the San Luis Rey USGS 7.5’ Quad, within Section 31 of Township 11 South, Range 4 West and Section 6 of Township 12 South, Range 4 West (Figure 1). The Project is being undertaken in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The city of Carlsbad is the lead agency. The Project proposes to subdivide the Project area into 13 lots.

The record search of the Sacred Lands File identified one site located on the San Luis Rey USGS Quadrangle, recorded archaeological site CA-SDI-8797. This site is not within the Project area. ASM has completed a records search at the South Coastal Information Center and a pedestrian survey of the Project area.

We are contacting you to find out if you are aware of any issues of cultural concern regarding the area shown on the enclosed map. In particular, we would like to know if you have knowledge of any Traditional Cultural Properties, Sacred Sites, resource collecting areas, or any other areas of concern of which you wish us to be aware. We understand the need for confidentiality in these matters.

If you have any questions or concerns regarding the proposed project, we will contact you about the best way to include consideration of those concerns while maintaining confidentiality. You can contact ASM at the address and telephone number for our Carlsbad office, listed below, or myself at the e-mail address below. We appreciate any input you may have on this project, and understand that consultation is a private and ongoing process. Again, any information you provide us will remain confidential.

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Rincon Band of Mission Indians Bo Mazzetti, Chairperson 1 West Tribal Road Valley Center, CA 92082

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Mazzetti,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Pauma and Yuima Reservation Temet Aguilar, Chairperson P.O. Box 369, Ext. 303 Pauma Valley, CA 92061

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Aguilar,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians Tribal Council 1889 Sunset Drive Vista, CA 92081

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Ms. Mojado,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Soboba Band of Mission Indians Rosemary Morillo, Chairperson Attn: Carrie Garcia P.O. Box 487 San Jacinto, CA 92581

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Ms. Morillo,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Pechanga Band of Mission Indians Mark Macarro, Chairperson P.O. Box 1477 Temecula, CA 92593

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Macarro,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Kwaaymii Laguna Band of Mission Indians Carmen Lucas P.O. Box 775 Pine Valley, CA 91962

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Ms. Lucas,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

La Jolla Band of Luiseño Indians Thomas Rodrigues, Chairperson 22000 Highway 76 Pauma Valley, CA 92061

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Rodrigues,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Inaja Band of Luiseño Indians Rebecca Osuna, Chairperson 2005 S. Escondido Blvd. Escondido, CA 92025

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Ms. Osuna,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel Clint Linton, Director of Cultural Resources P.O. Box 507 Santa Ysabel, CA 92070

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Linton,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel Virgil Perez, Chairperson P.O. Box 130 Santa Ysabel, CA 92070

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Perez,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Pala Band of Mission Indians Robert H. Smith, Chairperson PMB 50, 35008 Temecula Rd. Pala, CA 92059

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Smith,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Ewiiaapaayp Tribal Office Michael Garcia, Vice Chairperson 4054 Willows Road Alpine, CA 91901

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Garcia,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Barona Group of the Capitan Grande Clifford LaChappa, Chairperson 1095 Barona Road Lakeside, CA 92040

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. LaChappa,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation Cody J. Martinez, Chairperson 1 Kwaaypaay Court El Cajon, CA 92019

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Martinez,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Ewiiaapaayp Tribal Office Robert Pinto Sr., Chairperson 4054 Willows Road Alpine, CA 91901

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Pinto,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Anthony R. Pico, Chairperson P.O.Box 908 Alpine, CA 91903

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Pico,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

La Posta Band of Mission Indians Gwendolyn Parada, Chairperson 8 Crestwood Road Boulevard, CA 91905

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Ms. Parada,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Campo Band of Mission Indians Ralph Goff, Chairperson 36190 Church Rd., Suite 1 Campo, CA 91906

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Goff,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay Nation Angela Elliott Santos, Chairperson P.O. Box 1302 Boulevard, CA 91905

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Ms. Santos,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Jamul Indian Village Raymond Hunter P.O. Box 612 Jamul, CA 91935

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Hunter,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians Allen E. Lawson, Chairperson P.O. Box 365 Valley Center, CA 92082

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Lawson,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area.

December 10, 2015

Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians Mark Romero, Chairperson P.O. Box 270 Santa Ysabel, CA 92070

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Romero,

Sincerely,

Shelby Gunderman Castells, M.A., RPA [email protected] ASM Affiliates, Inc. Senior Archaeologist

Attachments: Figure 1

Yada Family Farms Subdivision Page 2 of 2

Figure 1. Map of the Project Area. PALA TRIBAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE

PMB 50, 35008 Pala Temecula Road Pala, CA 92059 760-891-3510 Office | 760-742-3189 Fax

December 15, 2015

Shelby Gunderman Castells ASM Affiliates 2034 Corte Del Nogal Carlsbad, CA 92011

Re: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project

Dear Mrs. Castells:

The Pala Band of Mission Indians Tribal Historic Preservation Office has received your notification of the project referenced above. This letter constitutes our response on behalf of Robert Smith, Tribal Chairman.

We have consulted our maps and determined that the project as described is not within the boundaries of the recognized Pala Indian Reservation. The project is also beyond the boundaries of the territory that the tribe considers its Traditional Use Area (TUA). It is, however, situated in close proximity to the Reservation and information generated would likely be useful in better understanding regional culture and history. Therefore, we request as a courtesy to be kept in the information loop as the project progresses and would appreciate being maintained on the receiving list for project updates, reports of investigations, and/or any documentation that might be generated regarding previously reported or newly discovered sites. Further, if the project boundaries are modified to extend beyond the currently proposed limits, we do request updated information and the opportunity to respond to your changes.

We appreciate involvement with your initiative and look forward to working with you on future efforts. If you have questions or need additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me by telephone at 760-891-3515 or by e-mail at [email protected].

Sincerely,

Shasta C. Gaughen, PhD Tribal Historic Preservation Officer Pala Band of Mission Indians

ATTENTION: THE PALA TRIBAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL REQUESTS FOR CONSULTATION. PLEASE ADDRESS CORRESPONDENCE TO SHASTA C. GAUGHEN AT THE ABOVE ADDRESS. IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO ALSO SEND NOTICES TO PALA TRIBAL CHAIRMAN ROBERT SMITH.

Consultation letter 3

Shelby Castells

From: Merri Lopez-Keifer Sent: Wednesday, December 30, 2015 5:06 PM To: Shelby Castells; Carmen Mojado Subject: SLR Response to Scoping Letter Regarding Yada Family Farms Subdivision Attachments: Yada Family Farms Subdivision in Carlsbad Scoping Response.pdf

Follow Up Flag: Follow up Flag Status: Flagged

Dear Shelby,

Attached please find a response letter from the San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians in regards to your letter of inquiry for the Yada Family Farms Subdivision in Carlsbad, CA.

Please contact Cami Mojado at your earliest convenience to arrange a consultation meeting.

Best,

Merri

Merri Lopez-Keifer Chief Legal Counsel San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians (925) 457-3395 [email protected]

The information in this e-mail message is intended for the confidential use of the addressees only. The information is subject to attorney-client privilege and/or may be attorney work product. Recipients should not file copies of this e-mail with publicly accessible records. If you are not an addressee or an authorized agent responsible for delivering this e-mail to a designated addressee, you have received this e-mail in error, and any further review, dissemination, distribution, copying or forwarding of this e-mail is strictly prohibited. If you received this e-mail in error, please notify us immediately at (925) 457-3395. Thank you.

1 SAN LUIS REY BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

1889 Sunset Drive • Vista, California 92081 760-724-8505 • FAX 760-724-2172 www.slrmissionindians.org

December 30, 2015

Shelby Gunderman Castells. Senior Archaeologist VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL ASM Affiliates, Inc. [email protected] 2034 Corte Del Nogal Carlsbad, CA 92011

RE: SLR RESPONSE REGARDING THE PROPOSED YADA FAMILY FARMS SUBDIVISION PROJECT IN CARLSBAD, CA AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURAL RESOURCES

Dear Ms. Castells:

We, the San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians (“Tribe”) have received and reviewed your letter dated December 10, 2015 regarding the proposed development known as the Yada Family Farms Subdivision in Carlsbad, CA (“Project”). From your letter, we understand that the Project is located at within the general vicinity of the area depicted on the map provided in your letter (“Project Area”). We further understand from your letter that you are inquiring whether the Tribe possesses any information and/or concerns regarding cultural resources and/or Sacred Lands in the Project Area.

As you are aware, we are a northern San Diego County Tribe whose traditional territory includes Camp Pendleton, the current cities of Oceanside, Carlsbad, Vista, San Marcos and Escondido, as well as many unincorporated areas within northern San Diego County, such as the communities of Fallbrook, Bonsall and Valley Center. We are resolute in the preservation and protection of cultural, archaeological and historical sites within all these jurisdictions.

Our Tribe has intimate knowledge about the many discoveries made throughout the Project Area and is aware of cultural resource sites within close proximity to the proposed Project. We strongly urge caution in assessing the land encompassing the Project for any development purposes, as well as incorporating the presence of a Luiseño Native American monitor during all ground disturbing activities (including but not limited to any and all boring activities) and cultural resource assessment surveys.

In regards to information our Tribe can provide ASM regarding these cultural resources and sacred sites within the Project Area, we respectfully request that any further discussion be done in person. Please contact our Cultural Resource Manager Cami Mojado at (760) 917-1736

SLR Response to Cultural Resource Information Inquiry Yada Family Farms Subdivision, Carlsbad, CA Page 1 of 2 or via email at [email protected] to arrange a mutually acceptable meeting date and time.

Furthermore, the Tribe requests that any and all cultural resource surveys completed in the Project Area and/or for the benefit of this Project be provided to the Tribe’s Cultural Department at 1889 Sunset Drive, Vista, CA 92081 as your earliest convenience. If digital copies are available, please send them directly to [email protected]. If a cultural resource survey has not been completed as of today’s date, then the Tribe respectfully requests that a Luiseño Native American monitor be present during any proposed survey of the Project properties.

We appreciate this opportunity to provide information and/or share our concerns regarding this Project. We thank you for your assistance in protecting our invaluable Luiseño cultural resources.

Sincerely,

Merri Lopez-Keifer Chief Legal Counsel San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians

cc: Melvin Vernon, Tribal Captain Carmen Mojado, Secretary of Government Relations

SLR Response to Cultural Resource Information Inquiry Yada Family Farms Subdivision, Carlsbad, CA Page 2 of 2 Shelby Castells

From: Cultural Sent: Tuesday, January 19, 2016 12:01 PM To: Shelby Castells Cc: Dixon, Patti; Jeremy Zagarella Subject: Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project

Follow Up Flag: Follow up Flag Status: Flagged

Ms. Castells,

The Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians has received your December 10 notice for the Yada Family Farms Subdivision Project in Carlsbad. We are unaware of any specific cultural resources on the proposed project property. Our concern is the possibility of un‐covering cultural resources in previously undisturbed areas during the grading phase. Our recommendation is to have monitors onsite for all ground disturbance. Please contact us if there are any questions.

Thank you,

Mr. Chris Devers Vice Chairman Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians