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Visual History COLONIAL ORIGINS 1587 The rst settlement is established on & LEGACY Roanoke Island. 1587-1810 The Episcopal Church in North Carolina dates back to the rst English eorts at colonization. In August 1587, at 1701 what is now “the Lost Colony” on The rst Vestry Act is passed. Roanoke Island, the Native American The rst parish is An icon of Manteo and Virginia Dare, the rst two people Manteo and the English infant Virginia organized in Chowan. baptized in the Anglican The Society for the Church in the New World Dare became the rst two Anglicans Propagation of the baptized in the New World. Gospel (S.P.G.) is founded. The Vestry Act of 1701 made the Church of England the ocially sanctioned faith in North Carolina. Colonial parish vestries were charged with providing for church buildings and ministers by levying taxes and nes, but they faced hostility from Quakers, Presbyterians and other non-Anglican settlers. Moreover, parishes were geographi- cally large, settlements sparse and travel dicult. But the single greatest barrier to the growth and development of the Church was the chronic shortage of qualied ministers. Seal of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel The Church in North Carolina owes much to Governor William Tryon. When Tryon took 1734 oce in 1765, he began an active campaign St. Thomas, Bath, the oldest church to solicit clergy through the Society for the building in the state, Propagation of the Gospel (S.P. G.), the is constructed. quasi-ocial missionary arm of the Church of England founded in 1701. Although active in North Carolina from this time, the Society generally supported only one or two ministers at a time. Tryon’s support brought 13 Anglican ministers by 1767 and 18 by the time he departed for New York in 1771. But Tryon’s expectation that exemplary and orthodox clergy would win over non-Anglicans was wishful thinking, at best. Such strength as the colonial Church of England did achieve was concentrated in a handful of coastal parishes. 1753 St. Thomas, Bath Clement Hall writes Following the American Revolution, the the rst literary citizens of North Carolina acted quickly to book printed in North Carolina. terminate the religious establishment. Loyalist ministers ed, and many Anglican churches and chapels fell into disuse. Not until 1789 did the Episcopal Church reorganize nationally, adopting a constitution and a new American 1765 Book of Common Prayer. William Tryon becomes Royal Governor. In 1790 Charles Pettigrew, one of the few remaining clergymen in the state, called for an organizational meeting in Tarboro, but 1773 only four people attended. A more promising St. John’s, Williamsboro, convention in 1794 attracted 16 people to the oldest extant frame Tarboro, where they adopted a constitution church in North Carolina, is constructed. and elected a bishop – Charles Pettigrew himself. For various reasons, including discouragement at the prospects for the 1775 Church, this bishop-elect never attended Charles Pettigrew becomes the last S.P.G. General Convention for his consecration, missionary appointed to nor did he hold another statewide meeting. North Carolina . He died in 1807. Edenton Roanoke Bath St. John’s, Williamsboro New Bern THE FORMATION & EARLY YEARS OF THE DIOCESE 1811 The Rev. Adam Empie 1811-1822 is called as rector of St. James’, Wilmington. New life for The Episcopal Church nationally came from a post- Revolutionary generation of leaders, who brought fresh energy and commitment to the task of reviving the church. The Rev. Adam Empie That pivotal leader in North Carolina was Adam Empie, a 25-year-old New Yorker who came to St. James’ Wilmington in 1811. Empie was interested in creating a statewide organization, but his eorts were put on hold in 1814, when he left Wilmington to become chaplain at West Point. Upon his return in late 1816, he found the prospects considerably improved. During his absence, Wilmington had called another priest, Bethel Judd, but Judd was preparing to take charge of a new 1817 congregation in Fayetteville. And New Bern The Diocese of North The founding churches of the Diocese, clockwise from left: St. Paul’s, was calling a young minister, Jehu Curtis Carolina is organized Edenton, built 1760; St. James, Wilmington, 1770-1839; third Christ on April 24 by clergy Church, New Bern, consecrated 1875; Clay, as rector and schoolmaster. These three second St. John’s, Fayetteville, and laymen of four consecrated 1833 clergymen — Empie, Judd and Clay — along founding parishes. with lay representatives from their three congregations plus St. Paul’s, Edenton (nine people in all) gathered in New Bern on April 1818 24, 1817, and proceeded to create a state- St. Jude’s, Orange wide organization that has continued to County, is the rst new the present. congregation admitted into union with the new diocese. The new diocese appealed to Virginia Bishop Richard Channing Moore, to serve here as well. From 1819 to 1822, Moore presided over the North Carolina Annual Convention, 1819 conducting parish visitations and ordinations Bishop Richard Channing Moore of on his way to and from the state. Before Virginia is called to coming to Virginia in 1814, Moore had provide Episcopal repeatedly demonstrated success in reviving oversight. He conducts the rst recorded parishes in New York, and he brought new conrmations at St. energy and increased visibility for the church John’s, Fayetteville. throughout Virginia. He did likewise in North General Theological Seminary opens in Carolina, if on a more modest scale. With his New York City. enthusiastic support, North Carolina held its 1820 and 1821 conventions in the edgling 1821 state capital of Raleigh, even though the The Rev. Robert Bishop Richard Channing Moore Episcopalians did not yet have a church Johnston Miller becomes the rst building there. priest ordained in the Diocese. Moore stressed interdenominational coopera- tion as a key to advancing the cause of the 1822 Church. At the Raleigh conventions, he held Christ Church, Raleigh, services in the Methodist Church and was admitted into union with Convention. administered communion to both the Methodist and Presbyterian ministers. His genial approach to interdenominational cooperation was shared by his gifted nephew, the Rev. Gregory T. Bedell, who in 1818 succeeded Judd in Fayetteville. In less than six months, Bedell doubled the communicant 1775 The Rev. Gregory Townsend Bedell strength of the parish and brought Episcopa- Charles Pettigrew lians and Presbyterians into a close working becomes the last S.P.G. missionary appointed to relationship. But this approach to mission North Carolina strategy was about to change—abruptly. Edenton New Bern Fayetteville Wilmington BISHOP RAVENSCROFT 1823 John Stark Ravenscroft is & HIS LEGACY elected as rst Bishop of North Carolina, also rector 1823-1830 of Christ Church, Raleigh. In 1823 the diocesan convention met Thomas Wright is called to Calvary to elect its rst bishop. Chosen was Church, Wadesboro. John Stark Ravenscroft, a 50-year-old Virginia planter turned priest who 1824 embraced the Episcopal Church for Bishop Ravenscroft delivers his rst adhering to ancient church practices address to Diocesan and maintaining apostolic succession. Convention and to the North Carolina Ravenscroft believed this gave the Bible Society. Thomas Wright church an exclusive Protestant claim to valid ordained ministry. He therefore sought to instill among his ock a heightened appreciation of their 1825 distinctiveness as Episcopalians. William Mercer Green is called to In his rst address to convention, Ravenscroft St. Matthew’s, Hillsborough lamented the long absence of ministrations following the American Revolution, which had allowed the “pernicious notion of equal safety in all religious denominations” to take root. To counter this, he called on clergy to adhere William Mercer Green strictly to Prayer Book worship and he called on laity to reserve their nancial support and church attendance for the Episcopal Church exclusively. When asked to address the annual meeting of the North Carolina Bible Society, he attacked the very premises upon which it was based: promoting Bible reading by itself implied that individuals could come to salvation without the authoritative guidance that the Church alone possesses. Ravenscroft’s uncompromising High Church views stirred controversy both inside and outside the church. In Fayetteville, the church John Stark Ravenscroft (1772-1830), Bishop of North had been ourishing under a succession of Carolina, 1823-1830. The title page from Ravenscroft’s works ministers promoting cooperation with other highlights the “Episcopal Bible, Prayer Book, Tract, and Protestants. When William Hooper, the rector Missionary Society of North Carolina.” there, heard Ravenscroft insist upon Episcopalian exclusivity, Hooper abandoned the ministry of the Episcopal Church entirely 1828 rather than serve under the bishop. Bishop Ravenscroft serves St. John’s, Williamsboro along But others were eager to heed Ravenscroft’s with his duties as call. Two young Wilmington natives, Thomas bishop. Wright and William Mercer Green, embraced the bishop’s agenda and made it their own — Wright in Wadesboro and Green in Hillsbor- ough. In ensuing years, James Hervey Otey and George Washington Freeman entered the ordained ministry under the stamp of Ravenscroft’s churchmanship and extended it through much of the South: Otey as Bishop of Tennessee, Green as Bishop of Mississippi, and Freeman as Bishop of Arkansas and Texas. James Hervey Otey, Ravenscroft died in 1830. During his tenure, later becomes Bishop of Tennessee the diocese had grown to a communicant 1830 strength of about 800 members, with 10 Bishop Ravenscroft dies and is buried at clergy serving 21 active congregations. As a Christ Church, Raleigh. percentage increase, the church had more than doubled in size; as a statewide body, however, it remained small and regionally concentrated in the east. But more than numerical strength, Ravenscroft had set out to bolster conviction.
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