COLONIAL ORIGINS 1587 The rst settlement is established on & LEGACY Roanoke Island. 1587-1810

The Episcopal Church in dates back to the rst English eorts at colonization. In August 1587, at 1701 what is now “the Lost Colony” on The rst Vestry Act is passed. Roanoke Island, the Native American The rst parish is An icon of Manteo and Virginia Dare, the rst two people Manteo and the English infant Virginia organized in Chowan. baptized in the Anglican The Society for the Church in the New World Dare became the rst two Anglicans Propagation of the baptized in the New World. Gospel (S.P.G.) is founded. The Vestry Act of 1701 made the the o cially sanctioned faith in North Carolina. Colonial parish vestries were charged with providing for church buildings and ministers by levying taxes and nes, but they faced hostility from Quakers, Presbyterians and other non-Anglican settlers. Moreover, parishes were geographi- cally large, settlements sparse and travel di cult. But the single greatest barrier to the growth and development of the Church was the chronic shortage of qualied ministers.

Seal of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel The Church in North Carolina owes much to Governor William Tryon. When Tryon took 1734 o ce in 1765, he began an active campaign St. Thomas, Bath, the oldest church to solicit clergy through the Society for the building in the state, Propagation of the Gospel (S.P. G.), the is constructed. quasi-o cial missionary arm of the Church of England founded in 1701. Although active in North Carolina from this time, the Society generally supported only one or two ministers at a time. Tryon’s support brought 13 Anglican ministers by 1767 and 18 by the time he departed for New York in 1771. But Tryon’s expectation that exemplary and orthodox clergy would win over non-Anglicans was wishful thinking, at best. Such strength as the colonial Church of England did achieve was concentrated in a handful of coastal parishes. 1753 St. Thomas, Bath Clement Hall writes Following the American Revolution, the the rst literary citizens of North Carolina acted quickly to book printed in North Carolina. terminate the religious establishment. Loyalist ministers ed, and many Anglican churches and chapels fell into disuse. Not until 1789 did the Episcopal Church reorganize nationally, adopting a constitution and a new American 1765 Book of Common Prayer. William Tryon becomes Royal Governor. In 1790 Charles Pettigrew, one of the few remaining clergymen in the state, called for an organizational meeting in Tarboro, but 1773 only four people attended. A more promising St. John’s, Williamsboro, convention in 1794 attracted 16 people to the oldest extant frame Tarboro, where they adopted a constitution church in North Carolina, is constructed. and elected a – Charles Pettigrew himself. For various reasons, including discouragement at the prospects for the 1775 Church, this bishop-elect never attended Charles Pettigrew becomes the last S.P.G. General Convention for his consecration, missionary appointed to nor did he hold another statewide meeting. North Carolina . He died in 1807.

Edenton Roanoke

Bath St. John’s, Williamsboro

New Bern THE FORMATION & EARLY YEARS OF THE DIOCESE 1811 The Rev. 1811-1822 is called as rector of St. James’, Wilmington. New life for The Episcopal Church nationally came from a post- Revolutionary generation of leaders, who brought fresh energy and commitment to the task of reviving the church.

The Rev. Adam Empie That pivotal leader in North Carolina was Adam Empie, a 25-year-old New Yorker who came to St. James’ Wilmington in 1811. Empie was interested in creating a statewide organization, but his e orts were put on hold in 1814, when he left Wilmington to become chaplain at West Point. Upon his return in late 1816, he found the prospects considerably improved. During his absence, Wilmington had called another priest, Bethel Judd, but Judd was preparing to take charge of a new 1817 congregation in Fayetteville. And New Bern The Diocese of North The founding churches of the Diocese, clockwise from left: St. Paul’s, was calling a young minister, Jehu Curtis Carolina is organized Edenton, built 1760; St. James, Wilmington, 1770-1839; third Christ on April 24 by clergy Church, New Bern, consecrated 1875; Clay, as rector and schoolmaster. These three second St. John’s, Fayetteville, and laymen of four consecrated 1833 clergymen — Empie, Judd and Clay — along founding parishes. with lay representatives from their three congregations plus St. Paul’s, Edenton (nine people in all) gathered in New Bern on April 1818 24, 1817, and proceeded to create a state- St. Jude’s, Orange wide organization that has continued to County, is the rst new the present. congregation admitted into union with the new diocese. The new diocese appealed to Virginia Bishop , to serve here as well. From 1819 to 1822, Moore presided over the North Carolina Annual Convention, 1819 conducting parish visitations and ordinations Bishop Richard Channing Moore of on his way to and from the state. Before Virginia is called to coming to Virginia in 1814, Moore had provide Episcopal repeatedly demonstrated success in reviving oversight. He conducts the rst recorded parishes in New York, and he brought new conrmations at St. energy and increased visibility for the church John’s, Fayetteville. throughout Virginia. He did likewise in North General Theological Seminary opens in Carolina, if on a more modest scale. With his New York City. enthusiastic support, North Carolina held its 1820 and 1821 conventions in the edgling 1821 state capital of Raleigh, even though the The Rev. Robert Bishop Richard Channing Moore Episcopalians did not yet have a church Johnston Miller becomes the rst building there. priest ordained in the Diocese. Moore stressed interdenominational coopera- tion as a key to advancing the cause of the 1822 Church. At the Raleigh conventions, he held Christ Church, Raleigh, services in the Methodist Church and was admitted into union with Convention. administered communion to both the Methodist and Presbyterian ministers. His genial approach to interdenominational cooperation was shared by his gifted nephew, the Rev. Gregory T. Bedell, who in 1818 succeeded Judd in Fayetteville. In less than six months, Bedell doubled the communicant 1775 The Rev. Gregory Townsend Bedell strength of the parish and brought Episcopa- Charles Pettigrew lians and Presbyterians into a close working becomes the last S.P.G. missionary appointed to relationship. But this approach to mission North Carolina strategy was about to change—abruptly.

Edenton

New Bern Fayetteville

Wilmington BISHOP RAVENSCROFT 1823 is & HIS LEGACY elected as rst Bishop of North Carolina, also rector 1823-1830 of Christ Church, Raleigh. In 1823 the diocesan convention met Thomas Wright is called to Calvary to elect its rst bishop. Chosen was Church, Wadesboro. John Stark Ravenscroft, a 50-year-old Virginia planter turned priest who 1824 embraced the Episcopal Church for Bishop Ravenscroft delivers his rst adhering to ancient church practices address to Diocesan and maintaining apostolic succession. Convention and to the North Carolina Ravenscroft believed this gave the Bible Society. Thomas Wright church an exclusive Protestant claim to valid ordained ministry. He therefore sought to instill among his ock a heightened appreciation of their 1825 distinctiveness as Episcopalians. is called to In his rst address to convention, Ravenscroft St. Matthew’s, Hillsborough lamented the long absence of ministrations following the American Revolution, which had allowed the “pernicious notion of equal safety in all religious denominations” to take root. To counter this, he called on clergy to adhere William Mercer Green strictly to Prayer Book worship and he called on laity to reserve their nancial support and church attendance for the Episcopal Church exclusively. When asked to address the annual meeting of the North Carolina Bible Society, he attacked the very premises upon which it was based: promoting Bible reading by itself implied that individuals could come to salvation without the authoritative guidance that the Church alone possesses.

Ravenscroft’s uncompromising High Church views stirred controversy both inside and outside the church. In Fayetteville, the church John Stark Ravenscroft (1772-1830), Bishop of North had been ourishing under a succession of Carolina, 1823-1830. The title page from Ravenscroft’s works ministers promoting cooperation with other highlights the “Episcopal Bible, Prayer Book, Tract, and Protestants. When William Hooper, the rector Missionary Society of North Carolina.” there, heard Ravenscroft insist upon Episcopalian exclusivity, Hooper abandoned the ministry of the Episcopal Church entirely 1828 rather than serve under the bishop. Bishop Ravenscroft serves St. John’s, Williamsboro along But others were eager to heed Ravenscroft’s with his duties as call. Two young Wilmington natives, Thomas bishop. Wright and William Mercer Green, embraced the bishop’s agenda and made it their own — Wright in Wadesboro and Green in Hillsbor- ough. In ensuing years, and George Washington Freeman entered the ordained ministry under the stamp of Ravenscroft’s churchmanship and extended it through much of the South: Otey as Bishop of Tennessee, Green as Bishop of , and Freeman as Bishop of and Texas.

James Hervey Otey, Ravenscroft died in 1830. During his tenure, later becomes Bishop of Tennessee the diocese had grown to a communicant 1830 strength of about 800 members, with 10 Bishop Ravenscroft dies and is buried at clergy serving 21 active congregations. As a Christ Church, Raleigh. percentage increase, the church had more than doubled in size; as a statewide body, however, it remained small and regionally concentrated in the east. But more than numerical strength, Ravenscroft had set out to bolster conviction. In the words of one Hillsborough historian, “Bishop Ravenscroft welded his ock into an intimate Christian minority fervently devoted to the Episcopal Church.” Wadesboro Fayetteville

Wilmington

Prayer Book (1795) and silver Communion set (1805) from St. John’s, Williamsboro, which were used by Bishop Ravenscroft while he served there. THE CHURCH’S GROWTH 1831 is elected second UNDER BISHOP IVES Bishop of North Carolina, , 1831-1853. 1830-1852

In searching for Ravenscroft’s succes- sor, the diocese turned to someone of the same mold: Levi Silliman Ives, then a priest in New York. Ives’s pilgrimage 1834 was very similar to Ravenscroft’s, The Episcopal School being swayed to join the church by for Boys opens in Bishop Levi Silliman Ives (1797-1867), Bishop of North Raleigh. In 1842, Carolina, 1831-1853, con rms High Church claims to retain continuity property is sold for girls from St. Mary’s School in Raleigh. with apostolic Christianity in faith and St. Mary’s School. practice. Ives had gravitated to New York and there received tutelage and 1836 support from High Church Bishop John St. John in the Henry Hobart, eventually marrying the Wilderness, Flat Rock, the oldest Episcopal bishop’s daughter. church in Western North Carolina, is consecrated. Once in North Carolina, Ives set out to continue and expand upon Ravenscroft’s work. His rst major initiative was to push for the creation of an Episcopal Boys’ School in Raleigh, built on the premise that Episcopa- lians needed an alternative to schools run by other Protestants. That particular enterprise ultimately oundered in the late 1830s, but St. Mary's School featured on a 1840 collection of waltzes by Gustave it led to the creation of a successful Episcopal St. James, Blessner, Director of Music, 1845 girls’ school, St. Mary’s in Raleigh, which Wilmington, in the Gothic Revival style, continues to this day. is consecrated. Also successful was the eort to create a separate house of worship for Episcopalians at the University of North Carolina: The 1842 Chapel of the Cross. Before 1838, there were Bishop Ives establishes Valle no churches in Chapel Hill, and compulsory Crucis Mission in worship was held on campus. But when the mountians of Plans for Chapel of the Cross, William Mercer Green became University western North Chapel Hill, Thomas Ustick Walter, architect; Ulstick Chaplain in 1838, he began to lobby for an Carolina. also designed St. James, Wilmington. Episcopal alternative. He was joined in that eort by Bishop Ives, who encouraged the diocese to support Green’s initiative.

During Ives’ tenure, the diocese extended its work westward, establishing congregations in Charlotte, Lincolnton, Morganton and Asheville. The diocese also expanded its outreach to the enslaved population. Many churches built galleries to accommodate both enslaved and free blacks, and some plantation owners, such as Josiah Collins at Somerset Place, had private chapels built on their Trinity Church, Asheville, built property to facilitate slave evangelization. On 1848 using plans ordered from Frank Wills, ocial architect for the the eve of the Civil War, Somerset Place was Chapel of the Cross, Ecclesiological Society of Chapel Hill, is New York home to the largest worshipping community consecrated. The in the diocese. In total, the number of clergy cornerstone is laid for Christ Church, Raleigh. in the diocese increased from 15 in 1832 to 40 in 1852, and the number of communicants increased from 800 to more than 2,000.

Along with expansion came a new sensibility and style in church architecture: Gothic Revival. Bishop Ives was an early proponent, and he applauded the building of Gothic Revival churches in Wilmington, Raleigh 1852 and Chapel Hill — inaugurating a trend that Bishop Ives goes to St. Mark's Church on Belgrave would continue well into the next century. Rome and resigns as Plantation in Chatham County, Bishop of North consecrated 1847 Carolina.

Valle Crucis Chapel Hill Raleigh Somerset Asheville Place Flat Rock Charlotte 1842 Bishop Ives VALLE CRUCIS & MISSION establishes Valle Crucis Mission in western North IN THE MOUNTAINS Carolina.

1845 1840s and Beyond John Henry Newman leaves the Church of England for the Roman The single most ambitious enterprise . of Ives’ episcopate was the develop- 1846 ment of a school, farm and missionary Mission of Holy station at Valle Crucis along the Cross, Valle Crucis, is admitted into union Watauga River, about eight miles with the diocese. west of Boone.

1847 The Order of the Ives rst heard about the place from one of Holy Cross is his clergy. Upon visiting it for himself in 1842 established at Valle Bishop Levi Silliman Ives (1797-1867), Bishop of North and seeing both its natural beauty and the Crucis Mission. William Carolina, 1831-1853 West Skiles is ordained destitution of its local inhabitants, Ives was a deacon. moved to send a missionary to the area, to arrange purchase of 2,000 acres and to make 1852 plans for a multi-pronged eort at education, Bishop Ives resigns his episcopacy and enters evangelization and training. The bishop spent the Roman Catholic much of the summers of 1845 and 1846 Church as a layman. personally overseeing the work.

But Ives had more in mind. By the 1840s, he was moving with the leading edge of High Church thought and practice in England: the so-called Oxford Movement. Initially the

1862 John Henry Newman Oxford Movement was simply a call to remind St. John Baptist Church, Watauga County, England that the Church had divine origins a project spearheaded and was not reducible to a department of by William W. Skiles, is state. But Oxford Movement leaders pushed consecrated. Skiles dies four months later. further. John Henry Newman, among others, began to regard the English Reformation itself as a mistake and to urge the Church of England to reclaim its medieval roots and bring its doctrine and practice into closer conformity with medieval (if not modern) Roman Catholicism.

Ives followed suit. In 1847, he established at Valle Crucis a monastic community he called the Order of the Holy Cross, and there he instituted an advanced program in Anglo- Title page of Susan Fennimore Cooper’s biography of William Catholic worship, doctrine and devotion, West Skiles including systematic private confession and the Reservation of the Sacrament. Predictably it opened him to backlash from those who 1894 Valle Crucis Mission thought him too Roman. What ensued was a is re-established by ve-year period of turmoil that put bishop Bishop Cheshire. It is and diocese increasingly at odds. The result now a conference center. was a measure of relief when Ives followed Newman’s own example and departed for Rome — literally and spiritually — in December of 1852.

The Valle Crucis experiment with Anglo- Catholicism was ocially disbanded, but that didn’t bring mission work in the mountains to an end. A deacon named William West Skiles, a one-time member of the Order, continued to minister faithfully throughout the Watauga valley and became much loved among the local population. He persisted for 18 years 1924 in the face of declining health and meager The Gothic Revival-style support. In 1894, Bishop Cheshire made Church of the Holy Cross replaces the reviving the church and school at Valle Crucis mission chapel at and restoring the Watauga missions his rst Valle Crucis. diocesan project.

Valle Crucis , 1853 Thomas Atkinson is elected as the third UNITY & CATHOLICITY Bishop of North Carolina. He hears the “Muhlenberg 1587-1810 Memorial” delivered to the In the aftermath of Ives’ resignation, House of . the diocese again sought a worthy 1855 successor to Ravenscroft — someone Bishop Atkinson of High Church principles but rmly delivers his Charge Sermon to Diocesan loyal to the Episcopal Church. They Convention. chose Thomas Atkinson, a native Virginian, serving in Baltimore.

Atkinson was a stalwart champion of the Thomas Atkinson (1807-1881), Bishop of the Diocese of North church for its delity to ancient practices in Carolina, 1853-1881 worship, doctrine and ministry. But he was not a carbon-copy of Ravenscroft. In his 1855 Charge Sermon, Atkinson challenged the church to be truly catholic and to embrace all of society. He proposed eliminating the 1859 widespread practice of renting pews to Bishop Atkinson families that could aord them, he argued helps establish St. Paul’s in Wilmington for tailoring services to working-class as a bi-racial chapel sensibilities, and he advocated drawing without pew rents. ministers from all ranks of society. His was not the only voice in the Episcopal Church calling for these reforms; his agenda closely mirrored that of the “Muhlenberg Memorial” which asked the House of Bishops in 1853 to take up similar proposals. But Atkinson made

1862 William Augustus them his own and worked to implement Muhlenberg presented the North Carolina joins famous “Memorial” at the them throughout his episcopacy. 1853 General Convention. the Protestant Title page of the 1855 Episcopal Church in Bishop Atkinson’s “Primary Charge” sermon the Confederate for Clergy of the Diocese During the Civil War, Atkinson distinguished States of America. himself for how he dealt with political secession and its implications for the church. For him these were two distinct matters. He 1865 Bishop Atkinson and contended that he remained a bishop of the North Carolina Episcopal Church until such time as a separate delegates attend Confederate Church came into existence and General Convention following the Civil his diocese voted to join it, a position which War. The Episcopal put him at variance with some Southern Church creates the bishops who were eager to separate from Freedman’s Commis- sion for religious and the North. The value of Atkinson’s position other instruction. became evident when he led the way to the Bishop Atkinson is on list of bishops attending post-war General Convention in 1865 reuni cation of the church within months of the end of the war, seeing no further need 1867 St. Augustine’s to perpetuate the Confederate Church. Normal School & Collegiate Institute After the war, Atkinson applied his principles is incorporated in Raleigh. to ministry with African Americans. He regarded establishing black institutions and cultivating black leadership as part and parcel 1869 of what it means for the church to be catholic. Charles O. Brady leads He helped to found the Freedman’s Commis- former members of St. Paul’s to establish sion of the national church in 1865 and St. Mark’s Church in utilized its resources to start schools in New Wilmington. Bern, Fayetteville and Wilmington. In 1867 he worked with the Commission to found St. Augustine’s School in Raleigh. Throughout the 19 th century, North Carolina stood alone among Southern dioceses in recognizing 1872 black clergy and congregations as fully St. Mark’s is admitted participating members of diocesan conven- into union with the Diocese of North tion, again reecting Atkinson’s insistence Carolina and is that the church be true to its catholic claims. consecrated in 1875.

Raleigh

Fayetteville

New Bern

Wilmington 1870 Associate Missions A NEW SPIRIT OF MISSIONS: begin providing support for young priests and services CHURCH EXPANSION for isolated missions that could not a ord to support 1870s-1930s full-time clergy.

1872 As North Carolina rebounded from the Francis J. Murdoch Civil War, the Church resumed e orts becomes rector of St. Luke’s, Salisbury. to extend its mission and ministry Francis Johnstone Murdoch He establishes 12 (1846-1909), rector of St. across the state. A cohort of young, missions and trains Luke’s, Salisbury, 1872 to 1909 11 future clergymen. energetic clergy who embraced Bishop Atkinson’s vision of a church for all 1876 St. Peter’s Home & people led this work. Hospital opens in Charlotte. It’s the rst of Three such men — Francis J. Murdoch, Charles eight hospitals founded in North Carolina by Curtis and William Shipp Bynum — banded Episcopalians between together in 1877 as the Evangelical Brother- 1876 and 1938. hood and undertook protracted preaching 1879 missions throughout the Piedmont. With their Diocesan newspaper friend and colleague, Joseph Blount Cheshire, the Church Messenger St. Peter’s Hospital in Charlotte opened with two rented rooms on East 7th St., Jr. (Bishop of North Carolina from 1893 to his begins publication. soon built a brick house at 6th & Poplar, expanded several times, then in 1938 death in 1932), the Brotherhood established merged with Charlotte Memorial Hospital, 1881 now known as Carolinas Medical Center. or expanded congregations from Durham to William Shipp Bynum is named Diocesan Charlotte, founded a diocesan newspaper and Evangelist. In 1882, embraced innovative strategies to extend he travels 5,500 the church’s ministries. One such strategy miles and preaches in 45 counties. was the Associate Mission, modeled on the Ravenscroft Associate Mission in Asheville, 1882 where Murdoch had served earlier. This Jane Renwick Wilkes accepts Bishop strategy o ered not only an important Lyman’s appointment training ground for new clergy, but also a as the rst Secretary of the Diocesan team approach to serving outlying missions Woman’s Auxiliary. from a central location. Especially practical in the later Missionary District of Asheville, the 1886 Thompson Orphanage Associate Mission era peaked there in 1915,

is founded in Joseph Blount Cheshire, Jr. when six such Missions included 36 parishes Charlotte. (1850-1932), Bishop of North Carolina, 1893 -1932, as a and missions. young priest 1886 Samuel Nash and During the 1880s and 1890s, 73 new church other members buildings were erected in the state, 18 located of Calvary, Tarboro, develop more than a in what became the Diocese of East Carolina dozen missions and 24 in the Diocese of Western North around Edgecombe Carolina. In Edgecombe County alone, the County through 1930. clergy and people of Calvary, Tarboro (notably Samuel Nash and rector Bertram Brown) launched 12 congregations between 1880 and 1930. While rector of St. Peter’s, Charlotte 1895 (1882-1893), Joseph Blount Cheshire, Jr. not Mayodan’s Church only doubled the size of his own parish, but of the Messiah 1913 photo of a carload of also helped organize four others, along with represents one of people doing mission work more than 30 in Edgecombe County two hospitals and an orphanage. Episcopal “mill missions” in North Of invaluable assistance to Cheshire in several Carolina. of these e orts was his parishioner, Jane Wilkes, appointed by Bishop Lyman in 1882 as the rst statewide leader of the Woman’s Auxiliary to the Board of Missions. This appointment formalized and extended the important work that women had been doing all along in their churches, now directing it Emma Karrer (second from left in back) at Church of the Messiah, also outward toward mission and social out- Mayodan, which took advantage of having a “Woman Worker” reach. In Charlotte, Wilkes is best remembered partially funded by the National Board of Missions. for her contributions to the establishment of 1906 two church-supported hospitals: St. Peter’s Robina Tillinghast begins coordinating and Good Samaritan. In North Carolina, she two decades of The Thompson Orphanage name changes with the times: helped forge the initial model — episcopal church work among Thompson Children’s Home, Child and Family Focus, and now simply support and churchwomen’s response — the deaf in Durham. THOMPSON – dedicated to “Strengthening Children, Families that has prevailed through the years and and Communities” in North and South Carolina continues to serve all three dioceses well.

Mayodan

Durham Tarboro

Salisbury Asheville

Charlotte 1865 MINISTRY AMONG Freedman’s Commission is created by the AFRICAN AMERICANS national church.

1866 1865-1945 Freedman’s schools and black congregations start in New Bern, Before the Civil War, Bishop Atkinson Wilmington, Fayetteville encouraged whites to make adequate and Asheville. provision for blacks — especially 1867 enslaved members of Episcopal house- St. Augustine’s Normal holds — within their congregations. School is founded by 11 incorporators (ve Following the war, he embraced a clergy, ve laymen di erent strategy, calling for the and Bishop Atkinson) under the auspices creation of black congregations of the Freedman’s Ocial announcement with black leadership. These new Commission. of the Founding of St. Augustine’s from the September 1867 issue of congregations and their clergy were 1868 The Spirit of Missions to be accepted fully into union with St. Augustine’s Church is established Convention, a policy not adopted in in downtown Raleigh, other Southern dioceses. where faculty and students walked each Sunday until Soon black congregations began in New the chapel was Bern, Wilmington, Fayetteville, Raleigh and completed on campus in 1895. Asheville. Most of these churches also had schools, some with hundreds of students. Many had teachers sent through the auspices 1891 A white priest is of the Episcopal Church’s own Freedman’s St. Augustine’s Chapel (center) in appointed as the rst 1899. After its completion in 1895 the Commission. The centerpiece of Atkinson’s Chapel retained the name St. Augus- Archdeacon in charge tine’s, and the “town” church became collaboration with the Commission was the of colored work in St. Ambrose to avoid confusion. North Carolina. 1867 founding of St. Augustine’s Normal School in Raleigh — for here was a school that 1893 would not only teach the newly emancipated The Supreme Court but also prepare them to be teachers and decision in Plessy v. leaders themselves. Distinguished leaders Ferguson upholds “separate but equal” from St. Augustine’s include Henry Beard accommodations, Delany, elected Su ragan Bishop of North ushering in the Jim Carolina in 1918, and Dr. Anna Julia Haywood Crow era in the American South. Cooper, who became a prominent educator in Washington, D.C. and earned her doctorate at Anna Julia Haywood Cooper 1898 the Sorbonne. John H. M. Pollard, the rst black priest to hold diocesan The 1890s witnessed the legalization of oce (1898-1908), is named Archdeacon segregation by the Supreme Court, ushering for work among in the Jim Crow era in the American South. colored people. The decade also ushered in the provision for 1901 separate convocations for black congrega- Diocese of North tions under the guidance of an Archdeacon Carolina creates three for Colored Work. This step was a tacit missionary convoca- tions: of Raleigh, of admission of the realities of segregation. Charlotte and of the North Carolina’s rst Archdeacon was white, Colored People. John Henry Mingo Pollard but in 1898 Bishop Cheshire chose John H. M. Pollard, a black priest who served until his 1908 Henry B. Delany death in 1908. Pollard oversaw the extension succeeds John H. M. of ministries in predominantly rural communi- Pollard as Archdeacon ties. He personally took charge of black con- for Colored Work. gregations in Warren, Vance and Granville 1918 Counties and purchased a 31-acre farm in Henry B. Delany Littleton, where he started a Training School. becomes Su ragan Bishop of the Diocese of North Carolina, Pollard’s successor, Henry B. Delany, served with oversight for as Archdeacon for 10 years, then provided black congregations in the Dioceses of North episcopal oversight throughout the Carolinas and South Carolina. as Su ragan Bishop for black congregations

Henry Beard Delany (1858-1928), from 1918 until his death in 1928. Delany’s Su ragan Bishop for Colored 1950 Work in North and South Carolina, position was subsequently discontinued. The Venerable James T. 1918-1928 In East Carolina, William G. Avant was Kennedy, at the age of 85, concludes his 60- Archdeacon (1906-1916) and E. S. Willett was year career in ordained Field Secretary for Colored Work (1924- 1925). ministry in Western James T. Kennedy was Western North North Carolina, having served as Archdeacon for Carolina’s only black Archdeacon (1920-1938). Colored Work from 1920 Ministry among African Americans languished to 1936 and “wherever across the state until very di erent racial needed” thereafter. policies and practices emerged in the 1950s. Littleton

James Thomas Kennedy (1865-1956) Raleigh Asheville

Fayetteville New Bern Wilmington 1866 Bishop Thomas THE CREATION OF Atkinson rst calls for division of the Diocese of North Carolina. THREE DIOCESES 1873 Theodore B. Lyman is 1883 - Present elected Assisting Bishop. Atkinson Bishop Thomas Atkinson reached age 60 continues to live in Wilmington and shortly after the close of the Civil War. Lyman takes up As the challenge of arranging episcopal residence in Raleigh. visitations grew more daunting each 1883 year, he proposed dividing the state into The Annual Convention votes in favor of two dioceses. But the dearth of self-sup- dividing the state into porting congregations made it canoni- two dioceses. Alfred A. Theodore Benedict Lyman Watson is elected the (1815-1893), Assistant Bishop, cally impossible to create a new diocese. 1873-1881, Bishop of North rst Bishop of the Carolina, 1881-1893 newly created Diocese Atkinson then recommended the “next expedi- of East Carolina. ent” – the services of an assistant bishop – with 1895 Theodore B. Lyman being elected to ll that General Convention position in 1873. Former colleagues in Maryland, approves the creation Lyman and Atkinson shared a common outlook of the Missionary District of Asheville and forged a strong partnership. After Atkinson’s under Bishop death in 1881, Lyman retained his predecessor’s Cheshire’s oversight. principles and priorities. 1898 The House of Bishops The call for dividing the diocese soon sounded elects Junius Moore anew. Although he harbored reservations about Horner of Oxford as rst Alfred Augustin Watson the idea, Lyman consented to the will of the Bishop of the new (1818-1905) 1st Bishop of the Diocese of Missionary District of East Carolina (1884-1905) 1883 convention, which elected to proceed. Asheville. In 1922 Because Lyman, the sitting bishop, chose to Horner is elected Bishop by the newly remain in Raleigh, the portion for which he con- created Diocese of tinued to hold jurisdiction retained the original Western North Carolina. name: The Diocese of North Carolina. The new- ly-created diocese was named The Diocese of 1922 East Carolina. At its rst convention in December The Missionary District of Asheville 1883, members elected Alfred A. Watson, rector becomes the self- of St. James’, Wilmington, as their rst bishop. supporting Diocese of Western North Carolina. At the time of division, there was a rough parity between the two dioceses in communicant strength and nancial resources, but not in geographical extent. The western part of the state merited more attention than one bishop could give it. A further division of the diocese was thus eected in 1895, creating the Missionary District of Asheville. As a Missionary District, the western region was entitled to its own bishop, but was not yet ready to support 1983 itself nancially as a diocese. Junius M. Horner Diocesan House was elected by the House of Bishops in 1898, headquarters in East Carolina moves and he remained the bishop when General from Wilmington to Convention approved the creation of the Kinston. Diocese of Western North Carolina in 1922. 1995 All Souls Church, From time to time, attempts to redraw the Asheville becomes the diocesan boundaries in North Carolina were rst cathedral for the Diocese of Western made, most recently in 1935 and 1949. The latter North Carolina. It attempt included a series of joint meetings remains the only involving all three dioceses. In the end, the cathedral in the state. Diocese of North Carolina failed to see the 2005 necessity, especially in light of its own recent The Diocese of North decision to elect a Bishop Coadjutor to provide Carolina establishes increased episcopal oversight. The boundaries new diocesan The boundaries of the three set in the 1880s and 1890s thus remain intact to headquarters in Episcopal diocese in the State downtown Raleigh. of North Carolina and their constituent counties the present day. THE CHANGING FACE OF 1954 The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. CHURCH & SOCIETY Board of Education ushers in the era of desegregation and 1950-Present civil rights. The 1950s saw the church start new congregations in metropolitan areas. 1963 Social issues also demanded the Kanuga Conference, church’s attention. First came the call Retreat and Camp Center integrates. to end racial segregation. Rather than Unlike the Diocese of Western North press for immediate results, bishops in Carolina’s centers In the Oaks and Camp Henry, Kanuga had to overcome a stated 1967 policy of segregation dating back to 1938. the Diocese of North Carolina pursued General Convention Special Program fund a policy of gradualism, hoping that if is established. diocesan institutions were given time to implement change, they might do 1967 Diocesan Convention so more willingly. amends the Constitution to allow women to serve But growing racial unrest demanded more. as Convention delegates. The church was called to enter the struggle 1968 for civil rights. When many cities experienced Martin Luther King, Jr. is rioting in the mid-1960s, the national church assassinated on April 4. responded by setting aside $9 million in grant 1969 funding for inner city projects. The Diocese of General Convention North Carolina adopted the “urban crisis” as Special Program makes grants to the its chief priority in 1968, and for the rst time Malcolm X Liberation since 1928 added a black priest to diocesan University in Durham. sta. While the national grants stopped after 1974 1973, a heightened sensitivity to issues of Eleven women are racial injustice remained, along with more ordained to the priest- intentional eorts at racial inclusion in church hood in Philadelphia, even though The leadership. Episcopal Church had yet to approve women’s ordination, In the mid-1960s the church began allowing Anna Pauline “Pauli” Murray at Chapel of the which happens in 1976. Cross, Chapel Hill, talking to then-rector women to serve on vestries and as delegates Peter James Lee to convention. Soon the call to ordain women 1977 Pauli Murray, the rst to the priesthood grew louder. Once General black woman priest in Convention gave its approval in 1976, the The Episcopal Church, Diocese of East Carolina led the state, ordain- becomes the rst woman to celebrate ing Wendy Raynor in April 1977. In 2013 the the Eucharist in North Diocese of North Carolina elected Anne E. Carolina at the Chapel Hodges-Copple as the rst woman bishop of the Cross, where her grandmother had wor- in the state. shiped while enslaved. 1977 A long legacy of active social ministry remains Wendy Sykora Raynor vital today across the Episcopal Church in (1920-1985) is the rst North Carolina. Support is strong for local woman ordained in the Diocese of East Carolina and diocesan mission initiatives, including the and in the state. Wendy Sykora Raynor joint East Carolina-North Carolina Episcopal 1978 Farmworker Ministry centered in Newton The Diocese of North Grove. Global mission support also remains a Carolina begins ministry to migrant workers in the priority, and each diocese maintains one or eastern part of the state. more companion diocese relationships.

1979 A new Book of Common In 2000 the Diocese of North Carolina elected Prayer is authorized by Michael B. Curry, the rst African American General Convention. Bishop to lead a southern diocese. Curry’s call

Michael Bruce Curry, Bishop of North “to reect the face of the peoples of North 2000 Carolina, 2000-2015, Presiding Bishop and Michael Bruce Curry Primate of The Episcopal Church, Carolina in all our God given variety and is elected Bishop of 2015- present, at his consecration diversity” owes much to those early North the Diocese of North Carolina Bishops who espoused devotion to Carolina. the Episcopal Church, missionary zeal and delity to the catholic principle of inclusion. On November 1, 2015, Curry was installed as the 27 th Presiding Bishop, the rst from North 2013 Carolina and the rst African American to hold Anne Elliott Hodges- Copple is elected Bishop this position. Suragan of the Diocese of North Carolina.

Anne Elliott Hodges-Copple, Bishop Durham Su ragan of North Carolina, 2013-present Chapel Hill

Kanuga Newton Grove