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Animal Health Report 2006 UNITED STATES Animal Health Report United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 801 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250–9410, or call (800) 795–3272 (voice) or (202) 720–6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. Issued September 2007 U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health NRRC Building B, Mailstop 2E7 2150 Centre Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80526–8117 (970) 494–7000 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications Foreword We are pleased to present the 2006 annual report on of the animal health infrastructure but also provide the status of animal health in the United States. This a foundation to promote discussion and exchange of is the third such report that provides a wide-ranging knowledge, both internationally and domestically, on review of the health of our Nation’s domestic animal these important research areas. resources. We also dedicate a chapter (chapter 9, page 105) The report highlights significant epidemiologic to APHIS-wide international collaboration and events of 2006 and provides insight into the Nation’s capacity-building projects. We in Veterinary animal health surveillance activities. In addition, the Services, and APHIS employees in other units, are report presents an update on programs, both new proud of the roles we play in numerous training, and existing, that strive to maintain healthy livestock, education, and outreach programs under way poultry, and aquaculture populations. throughout the world to safeguard and improve This year, we are introducing two new animal and human health globally. chapters—animal health research and international I believe you will find the 2006 Animal Health collaboration. Animal health research is an important Report a helpful resource on the status of U.S. component of the U.S. animal health infrastructure. livestock, poultry and aquaculture, as well as A description of this infrastructure—a complex programs and strategies that are in place to ensure network of Federal, State, and industry partners— their continued health. As always, I invite and is again included in the report as a reference tool. encourage your comments and ideas, as well as Chapter 8 (page 97) presents additional information suggestions on how we can improve next year’s on some of the research under way by agencies of the report. You will find information on how to provide U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and America’s feedback and contact details on page 159. Thank you schools of veterinary medicine. We hope this new for reading. chapter will not only enhance your understanding — John Clifford Deputy Administrator, Veterinary Services USDA–APHIS Washington, DC i Contents Chapter 1: Animal Health Events in 2006 . 1 BSE Case in Alabama . 1 Vesicular Stomatitis . 1 Anthrax . 2 Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia . 3 Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder . 3 Contagious Equine Metritis . 4 Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 . 5 Equine Viral Arteritis . 6 Chapter 2: Animal Health Initiatives . 9 NAIS . 9 The “NAIS Draft User Guide” . 9 NAIS Program Update . 9 NAIS Outreach . 10 NVAP . 11 Chapter 3: National Animal Health Surveillance System (NAHSS) . 15 Program Disease Surveillance . 16 FAD Surveillance and Programs . 16 FAD Surveillance and Investigations . 16 Surveillance in Disease-Control Programs . 17 New Surveillance Plans and Evaluations . 24 Surveillance Reporting . 26 Emerging Diseases and Issues . 28 Identification and Tracking of Emerging Animal Health Issues . 29 Selected Domestic Emerging Issues in 2006 . 30 Monitoring Activities (NAHSS) . 31 Swine 2006 Study . 32 Equine 2005 Part II: Changes in the U .S . Equine Industry, 1998–2005 Report . 33 iii Equine Events 2005 . 34 Determining U .S . Milk Quality Using Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Counts, 2006 . 36 Sentinel Feedlot Surveillance . 38 Chapter 4: Animal Disease Eradication Programs and Control and Certification Programs . 41 Eradication Programs . 41 Scrapie in Sheep and Goats . 41 Tuberculosis (TB) in Cattle and Cervids . 44 Pseudorabies in Swine . 47 Brucellosis in Swine . 48 Brucellosis in Cattle and Bison . 49 Control and Certification Programs . 52 Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Cervids . 52 Johne’s Disease in Cattle . 54 Trichinae in Swine . 55 Swine Health Protection Inspection Program . 57 Chapter 5: Emergency Management and Response . 59 Prevention Methods . 59 AHE Response . 60 Overview . 60 NAHEMS Topics . 61 Structure of Emergency Management System . 61 Emergency Management Activities and Accomplishments in 2006 . 62 NVS . 62 Background . 62 NVS Achievements in 2006 . 63 National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) . 64 NAHLN Achievements in 2006 . 64 Chapter 6: Animal Trade . 69 Background . 69 Export (Domestic) . 72 Trade Restrictions Due to Avian Influenza (AI) . 72 Import Trade Rules in 2006 . 73 iv 2006 United States Animal Health Report Chapter 7: Overview of U.S. Livestock, Poultry, and Aquaculture Production in 2006 . 75 Available Statistics . 75 Number of Farms . 75 Relative Magnitude of Industries by Value of Production . 77 Introduction to the Livestock, Poultry, and Aquaculture Industries . 78 Cattle and Calves (Beef and Dairy) . 78 Milk Cows—Dairy . 80 Beef Cows . 81 Cattle on Feed . 83 Hogs . 84 Sheep and Goats . 86 Poultry Industries . 88 Equine Industry . 91 Fish and Other Aquaculture Products . 91 Honey Production . 94 Miscellaneous . 94 Number of Livestock Slaughter Plants in the United States . 94 Chapter 8: Research Initiatives in Animal Health . 97 Introduction . 97 Federal Research Responsibilities . 97 ARS . 97 CSREES . 99 ERS . 100 NASS . 101 Research Programs Associated With University and College Programs in Veterinary Medicine . 101 Chapter 9: Collaboration and International Capacity-Building Efforts . 105 World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Collaborations . 105 International AI Assistance . 108 v Appendix 1—Statistics on Major Commodities . 111 Appendix 2—Tables on FAD Investigations . 125 Appendix 3—Animal Health Infrastructure in the United States . 135 Appendix 4—Animal Health Contacts in the United States . 145 Appendix 5—Key U.S. Animal Health Web Sites . 151 Appendix 6—Acronyms and Abbreviations . ..
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