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April 2007 April 2007 Vol. 34, No. 2 Board of Editors Josef Moser, President, Rechnungshof, Austria ©007 International Journal of Government Auditing, Inc. Sheila Fraser, Auditor General, Canada Faiza Kefi, First President, Cour des Comptes, Tunisia David M. Walker, Comptroller General, United States of America Clodosbaldo Russián Uzcátegui, Comptroller General, Venezuela The International Journal of Government President Auditing is published quarterly (January, April, Helen H. Hsing (U.S.A.) contents July, October) in Arabic, English, French, Editor German, and Spanish on behalf of INTOSAI New Journal Web Site. 1 Donald R. Drach (U.S.A.) (International Organization of Supreme Editorial . 2 Assistant Editors Audit Institutions). The Journal, which is the Linda J. Sellevaag (U.S.A.) official organ of INTOSAI, is dedicated to News in Brief. 5 Elizabeth Singer (U.S.A.) the advancement of government auditing SAIs and Civil Society. 15 Associate Editors procedures and techniques. Opinions and Office of the Auditor General (Canada) CAROSAI Congress . 20 Khalid Bin Jamal (ASOSAI-India) beliefs expressed are those of editors or Luseane Sikalu (SPASAI-Tonga) individual contributors and do not necessarily Audit Profile: Ghana . 25 Michael C.G. Paynter (CAROSAI-Trinidad reflect the views or policies of the organization. and Tobago) Reports in Print. 28 EUROSAI General Secretariat (Spain) The editors invite submissions of articles, Khemais Hosni (Tunisia) Inside INTOSAI. 29 Yadira Espinoza Moreno (Venezuela) special reports, and news items, which should INTOSAI General Secretariat (Austria) be sent to the editorial offices at: IDI Update. 35 U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S.A.) U.S. Government Accountability Office Calendar. 37 Administration Room 78, G Street, NW Sebrina Chase (U.S.A.) Washington, D.C. 08 Members of the Governing Board of INTOSAI U.S.A Arpád Kovács, President, Allami Szám- vevöszék, Hungary, Chairman (phone: 0--707; fax: 0--0; Arturo González de Aragón, Auditor Gen- eral, Auditoría Superior de la Federación, e-mail: [email protected]) Mexico, First Vice-Chairman Osama Jaffer Faquih, President, General Au- diting Bureau, Saudi Arabia, Second Given the Journal’s use as a teaching tool, Vice-Chairman articles most likely to be accepted are those Josef Moser, President, Rechnungshof, Austria, Secretary General that deal with pragmatic aspects of public Henri Bruno Bessin, Inspector General, In- sector auditing. These include case studies, specteur Général d’Etat, Burkina Faso Paul R.S. Allsworth, Director of Audit, Cook ideas on new audit methodologies, or details Islands Audit Office on audit training programs. Articles that deal Vijayendra Nath Kaul, Comptroller and Auditor General, India primarily with theory would not be appropriate. Muneharu Otsuka, President, Board of Audit, Japan The Journal is distributed to INTOSAI members Yun-Churl Jeon, Chairman, Board of Audit and other interested parties at no cost. It is and Inspection, Korea also available electronically at Guillermo Argüello Poessy, President, Consejo www.intosai. Superior de la Contraloría General, Nica- org and by contacting the Journal at spel@ ragua gao.gov. Juergen Kosmo, Auditor General, Riksrevis- jonen, Norway Guilherme D’Oliveira Martins, President, Tribu- Articles in the Journal are indexed in the nal de Contas, Portugal Accountants’ Index published by the American Albert Edwards, Director of Audit, National Audit Office, St. Kitts and Nevis Institute of Certified Public Accountants Faiza Kefi, First President, Cour des Comptes, and included in Management Contents. Tunisia Selected articles are included in abstracts Sir John Bourn, Comptroller and Auditor General, National Audit Office, United published by Anbar Management Services, Kingdom Wembley, England, and University Microfilms David M. Walker, Comptroller General, Government Accountability Office, United International, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. States of America Guillermo Ramírez, President, Tribunal de Cuentas de la República, Uruguay Clodosbaldo Russián Uzcátegui, Comptroller www.intosaijournal.org General, Venezuela International Journal of Government Auditing–April 2007 International Journal of Government Auditing–April 2007 Mr. Arturo In October 2004, INTOSAI members had the pleasure of meeting in the beautiful González de city of Budapest for the 18th INCOSAI (International Congress of Supreme Audit Institutions). During the 53rd meeting of the INTOSAI Governing Board, the SAI of Aragón Mexico—honoring the commitment it had made—issued an official invitation for the Auditor General of Mexico 55th meeting of the Governing Board to be held in Mexico in November 2006 and for and First Vice Chairman the 19th INCOSAI to be held in Mexico City, November 5-10, 2007. The commit- of the INTOSAI Governing ment also includes hosting the 56th and 57th meetings of the Governing Board, which Board will take place before and after the congress. The events will be held in Mexico City, formerly Tenochtitlán, the capital of the Aztec Empire, and today the capital of our country. As the members of our organization that have hosted INTOSAI’s supreme event can testify, this responsibility—which we have freely assumed—involves a considerable financial, logistical, technical, and administrative effort. It is also a great honor for the SAI of Mexico and constitutes a commitment to all INTOSAI members. The preparations required to organize this type of congress involve many months of hard work to carry out its planning, design, and operations. The results of these efforts are concentrated into a period of 6 days during which the host SAI’s organizational skills and ability to respond are put to the test. Many details must be taken into ac- count, many unexpected situations may arise, and many technical and administrative problems must be dealt with. The climate may cause adverse conditions that need to be resolved in situ. In all these circumstances, two elements are essential: foreseeing potential issues and having the capacity to respond to them. Editorial International Journal of Government Auditing–April 2007 Holding a Governing Board meeting or a congress requires the participation of all INTOSAI members. Their collaboration on the various committees, subcommit- tees, working groups, and task forces gives our organization its life and purpose. The INTOSAI motto (Mutual Experience Benefits All) has been wisely chosen: the raison d’être of this international institution to which we are proud to belong is the exchange of experiences and knowledge in order to strengthen the organization’s members. For this reason, I invite all INTOSAI members to join in our common effort and contribute their experience, presence, and participation to enrich the formidable body of knowledge that we have decided to create among ourselves. Our ultimate purpose is to be able to better serve the societies that have entrusted us with the important task of auditing the use of public resources. It does not matter whether the members are experienced or newly created SAIs or SAIs undergoing a process of transformation; whether they are chambers, courts of audit, audit councils, or comptroller or audit general offices. Nor do the differences in governmental traditions, administrative practices, degrees of independence, and scope of the legal or constitutional mandate matter. Each SAI brings a unique contribution to this common task, for the principal wealth of the INTOSAI lies precisely in the diversity of its membership. It will be the responsibility of the Mexican SAI to provide the right environment for an open, respectful, free, and democratic exchange of ideas and contributions. The growing importance of online communications is a sign of the times. For this reason, we have tried to take maximum advantage of tools such as the Internet to streamline the dissemination of information relating to the congress. Please visit our Web site for the 19th INCOSAI at www.incosai2007.org.mx, where you will find up- to-date details on the program of events, cultural and social activities, administrative and logistical matters, and other items of general interest. Obviously, the congress reflects a financial and administrative cost not only for the host SAI but also for all the delegates, who must devote time, work, resources, and efforts to ensure that their participation is effective. Consequently, we are committed to (1) ensuring that the technical discussions form the core of the congress and (2) obtaining results that will have a real impact on our auditing work and lead to tangible improvements in our practices to benefit the citizens of our respective countries. For this congress, the technical subjects to be covered come under the two broad areas into which the work of an SAI can be divided: the proper use of resources and the pro- motion of best government practices. The first area will be covered in theme I—man- agement, accountability, and audit of public debt—which the Federal Court of Audit of Germany is coordinating, and the second, in theme II—performance assessment systems based on universally accepted key indicators—which the U.S. Government Accountability Office is coordinating. Society has a legitimate concern about the use of resources obtained by public sector borrowing, and SAIs can help to allay this concern through their auditing duties. The Editorial International Journal of Government Auditing–April 2007 work of SAIs must also propose parameters for objectively assessing government per- formance