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A B Aquino, Benigno S., Jr., 49, 51, 52 Barr, Michael, viii, 56–58, 79, 82n2, “Asian values,” vii, 4, 6, 21, 33, 55, 84, 84n3 58, 59, 78–89, 82n2, 86n5, 91, Beetham, David, 44, 44n1 92, 96–98, 103, 104 Bell, Daniel, 4, 8, 9, 14, 66, 78, 86, Association of Southeast Asian Nations 87, 90, 101, 103 (ASEAN), 30, 31, 31n8, 45 Berger, Peter, 83, 89, 92 Australia, 45 Bolesta, Andrzej, 99 Authoritarianism/authoritarian rule, Britain (Great), 3, 5, 15, 25, v–vii, 2, 3, 6, 6n6, 7, 9, 12, 80, 92 14–17, 20–22, 33, 39, 42, 44, British colonialism, 69 45, 47, 55, 59, 64, 65, 71, 72, British colonial rule, 68 75, 78, 82, 85n4, 86, 87, Buzan, Barry, 45 88n7, 91, 92, 95, 96, 98, 99, 103, 104 Authoritarian modernism/ C authoritarian modernity, v, vi, viii, Cai Dingjian, 68, 103 3, 5–11, 15–17, 19–39, 41–59, Camus, Albert, 85 62–75, 78–93, 96–104 Capitalists Avenell, Simon, 5, 32, dependency on the state, 56 33, 74 “red” capitalists, 13, 102

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

Central Asia, 45 D Central Discipline Inspection Dee, Dewey, 49, 51 Committee (CDIC), China, 69 Democracy Central Political and Legal Committee liberal democracy, 9, 11, 17, 42, 55, (CPLC), China, 69 79, 86, 88, 90, 92, 98 Chaebols, South Korea, 16, 46, 48–50 “Western” democracy, 21, 58, 79, Chehabi, Houchang, viii, 48 81, 82, 84, 104 Chiang Ching-kuo, 52, 54 Deng Xiaoping, vi, 4, 7, 12, 14, 17, Chiang Kai-shek, 42 20–22, 34–39, 41, 62, 63, 89, China, v–vii, ix, 2, 2n1, 4–9, 5n5, 96, 98, 102n3 11–14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 30, Developmental state, viii, 42, 43, 49, 31n8, 34–39, 36n10, 41, 43, 55, 57, 99 45–47, 54, 56, 61–75, 78, 79, Deyo, Frederic, 12, 46, 53 82, 87–93, 87n7, 96–104 Diamond, Larry, viii, 2, 4, Chinese Communist Party (CCP), vi, 28, 52 2, 4, 5n5, 6, 8, 9, 15, 34, 34n9, 35, 62, 63, 65, 66, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 78n1, 86, 90–92, 96, 97, E 99–104, 102n3 East Asia, v–viii, 2–6, 8, 9, 11–14, 17, Ching, Frank, 85 42–47, 55, 56, 59, 75, 86, 87, Civilizational critique 92, 95–98 (Zivilisationskritik), vii, 81, 84 Economy/economic Civil society, demobilized, vi, 7, 20, 22 development, v, 2, 3, 3n2, 14, 17, Clammer, John, 34, 87n6, 88, 92 36, 38, 42, 45, 47, 49, 59, 64, Cold War, 31, 44, 47, 55, 59, 84, 97 69, 80, 85, 96, 97, 99 Confucianism, 4, 9, 17, 34, 78, 78n1, growth, v, 2–5, 3n2, 8, 13, 17, 20, 79, 83, 87–93, 88n7, 96, 97, 30, 31, 33, 42, 44, 45, 53, 57, 103, 104 58, 65, 69, 82, 85, 96, 98, 99 Connors, Michael, viii, 84, 85 upgrading, vi, 59 Corruption, 6, 8, 9, 37, 39, 43, Eisenstadt, S.N., 79 49–51, 57, 66–70, 72–74, 74n2, Erdoğan, Recep, 104 85n4, 91n8, 101, 101n2 Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB), Singapore, 68 F Cultural relativism, 79 France, 23, 26, 37, Culture, 7, 21, 22, 24n2, 33, 54, 80, 92 79–83, 85n4, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, Freedom and People’s Movement, 93, 97, 103, 104 Meiji Japan, 12, 23, 43, 79 Cumings, Bruce, 5, 11, 20, 24, Fu Hualing, 67 25, 42 Fuller, Douglas, viii, 100 INDEX 127

G Itō Hirobumi, vi, viii, 7, 11, 14, 17, Germany 19, 23, 34, 38, 78, 81, Imperial Germany, vi, vii, 3, 4, 7, 96, 98 11, 12, 14–17, 24, 25, 28, 43, Iwakura Tomomi, 24 78–81, 92, 96, 98 Prussia, 4, 14, 23, 24, 26 Gerschenkron, Alexander, 15, 16 J Gilley, Bruce, 2, 4, 52, 99 Japan “Good governance,” 8, 9, 11, 14, 22, Meiji Japan, vi, 3–8, 6n6, 11–17, 57, 64, 85n4, 86, 88, 92 19, 20, 22–30, 34, 38, 39, 43, Government-linked corporations 78–81, 92, 96, 98, 103, 104 (GLC), Singapore, 16 “Prussian path,” vii, 4, 6, “Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity 22–30, 80 Sphere,” 45 Jayasuriya, Kanischka, 14, 80 Gu Mu, 36, 89 Jiang Zemin, 73, 89 Guo Yingjie, 78n1 Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation (JCBC), Singapore and China, 63, 73 H Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 26, 26n3 K Heilmann, Sebastian, 100 Kang, David, 43, 49, Herf, Jeffrey, 80 57, 101 Hong Kong, vii–ix, 5, 36, 46, Kausikan, Bilahari, 31n8, 84, 87 68, 69 Knöbl, Wolfgang, 2, 3n2 Horesh, Niv, 36, 62, 71–74 Koh, Tommy, 84 Huang Jing, 63, 63n1 Kuomintang, Nationalist Party (KMT), Taiwan, 53–55, 57–59, 97 I Ideological reinforcement, 65, 70–72, 75, 98 L Ideology, 4, 6n6, 29, 29n6, 30, 35, Labor 38, 57, 58, 63, 71, 79, 88, 91, organized, 13, 32 93, 103 repression, 13, 53 Illiberal adaptation, 65 “Late” industrialization, 15 Industrialization, 11–13, 15, 16, 22, “Learn from Japan” campaign, 28, 32, 33, 38, 42, 46, 48, 53, Singapore, v, 21, 32, 38, 58, 78, 80, 102 74, 82 Industrial upgrading, 50–51, 99 Lee Kuan Yew, vi, 7, 17, 20, 30, 31n8, Inglehart, Ronald, 44 33, 37, 38, 41, 56, 63, 63n1, 68, International Confucius 78, 79, 82–84, 84n3, 86, 89, Association, 89 96, 98 128 INDEX

Legitimacy/legitimation, vi, vii, 8, 9, endogenous version, v, 2 17, 24, 29, 29n6, 35, 39, 43, 44, modernization trap, vi, 8, 17, 44n1, 54, 58, 64–66, 70–72, 78, 41–59, 75, 97 79, 89, 91, 92, 97, 98, 101, Moore, Barrington Jr., v, 3, 3n3, 4, 103, 104 11–16, 78, 95 Liberal democracy/liberal democratic, Morely, James W., 55 4, 9, 11, 55, 62, 79, 86, 88, 90, Morris-Suzuki, Tessa, 81 92, 98 Multiethnic/multiethnicity, 62, 84n3 Lim, Kean Fan, 30n7, 36, 62, 71–74 Limongi, Fernando, 2, 3n2, 42 Linz, Juan J., 3n3, 48 N Lipset, Seymour Martin, 3, 4 Nahm, Jonas, 100 London, Jonathan, viii, 71 Nanda, Ved, 86 Luhmann, Niklas, 9, 10 Nathan, Andrew, 4, 9, 99 Lynch, Daniel, viii, 4, 54, 97, 99 New Confucianist thinkers, 91 North Korea, 46

M Mahathir, Mohamad, 33, 84n3, 85, O 85n4 Orchard, Phillip, 100, 100n1 Mahbubani, Kishore, 31, 31n8, 63n1, Ortmann, Stephan, vii, ix, 4, 5, 14, 84, 85 55, 58, 62, 65, 71, 97 Malaysia, viii, 5, 6n6, 30, 33, 36, 46, 47, 55, 84n3, 85 Mann, James, v, 2, 2n1, 4, 104 P Mao/Maoism, 34–36 Pang, Qin, viii, ix, 78, 87, 91, 93 Marcos, Ferdinand E., 42, 48–52 Park Chung-hee, 42, 48 Marcos, Imelda, 50, 51 Park Geun-hye, 50 Market-Leninist, 71 Parliamentarianism, 25, 28, 90 Martin, Bernd, 14, 23–25, 28, Pei, Minxin, 4, 62, 65, 67, 70 29n6, 78 “People power,” Philippines, 43, 52 Marx/Marxism, 10, 11, 26, 26n3, 27, People’s Action Party (PAP), 38, 91n8 Singapore, 17, 20, 21, 30–33, Meiji Japan, vi, 3–8, 6n6, 11–17, 19, 30n7, 36–39, 41, 55–59, 64, 65, 20, 22–30, 34, 38, 39 67–70, 72, 82, 83, 85, 86n5, 87, Meissner, Werner, 89, 93 87n6, 89, 92, 97 Meritocracy, 8, 9, 57, 66, 86, 89, Policy diffusion, 65–67, 72–74, 98 93, 101 “Political Confucianists,” 90 Middle class co-opted, vi, 96, 103 Prevention of Corruption Act Middle Kingdom, 4, 98 (POCA), Singapore, 68 Modernization theory Proletariat, 11, 25, 26 driven by growth, v, 2, 53, 55 Przeworski, Adam, 2, 3n2, 13, 42, 65 INDEX 129

Q South Korea, v–vii, 2, 4, 5, 5n4, 8, 13, Quah, Jon S.T., 66, 74n2 16, 42, 43, 45–49, 51–53, 55, 56, 59, 84, 97, 101 South Pacific, 45 R Soviet bloc, 62 Rajah, Jothie, 58, 68, 69 Soviet Union, 6, 34n9, Rajaratnam, S., 83 35, 62 Ramcharan, Robin, 20, 21, Spector, Regin, 65 32, 33, 82 State socialism, 47, 79 “Reactionary culturalism,” vii, 7, 9, State-owned enterprises, China, 16, 39, 55, 78–93, 96, 97, 104 46, 102 Reformasi, Indonesia, 43 Steinfeld, Edward S., 100 Roesler, Hermann, 14, 28, 28–29n6 Stepan, Alfred, 3n3 Rosovsky, Henry, 15, 16 Suehiro, Akira, 5, 42, 47 Rowen, Henry S., viii, 2, 4, 99 Suharto, 42, 50, 51 Russia, 16, 22, 45 Sultanistic regime/sultanistic oligarchy, 48, 50 Sweden, 62, 71 S Scott, James C., 44n1 Shambaugh, David, 62, 73 T Shōzan, Sakuma, 81 Taiwan, v, vi, 2, 4, 5, 5n4, 13, 42–44, Singapore, v–ix, 4–9, 5n5, 11, 13, 14, 47, 52–59, 84, 97, 99 17, 19–22, 30–34, 30n7, 31n8, Takii Kazuhiro, viii, 11, 14, 20, 21, 41, 43, 44, 46, 55–59, 62–75, 23–25, 24n2, 27, 28 78–80, 82–89, 87n6, 87n7, 91, Teehankee, Julio, 86 92, 96–98, 103, 104 Thailand, 36, 46, 47, 55 “Singapore fever” (Xīnjiāpō rè: 新加 Tiananmen Square, 12, 14, 38, 62, 86, 坡热), 36, 39, 62, 63, 98 89, 90, 97, 102, 103 “Singapore model,” vi, vii, ix, 6, 17, massacre/protests, 12, 14, 35, 38, 20, 34, 34n9, 62–75, 87, 97, 103 87n7, 98 Tokugawa Shogunate, 20, 22, 29, Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, 63 81, 103 Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city, 63 Tu Weiming, 87, 91 Small and medium-sized enterprises Turkey, 104 (SMEs), 53, 59 Social differentiation, v, 3, 5n6, 7, 9, 42, 96 V South Asia, 45 von Stein, Lorenz, vi, 10, 11, 21, “Southern tour” (Deng Xiaoping), 20, 21n1, 25–28, 26n3, 26n4, 27n5, 36, 39, 62, 78, 98 34, 39, 88, 98 130 INDEX

W X Waever, Ole, 45 Xi Jinping, 62, 64, 65, 67, 72, 73, Wang Xiangwei, 101n2 74n2, 91, 91n8, 101–103, Western, vi, vii, 4, 7–9, 14, 17, 21–24, 102n2, 102n3 33, 36, 44, 46, 55, 58, 59, 70, 78–84, 88–92, 96, 104 Westernization, 22, 78, 79, 81, 83, Z 84, 92, 93 Zaibatsu, Japan, 16 West, the, vii, 4, 22, 24, 36, 72, Zakaria, Fareed, 84 79–81, 83, 84, 87, Zhou Qiang, 70 90, 104 Zivilisationskritik (civilizational Winnie the Pooh, 102n2 critique), vii, 81, 84