DOCSLIB.ORG

Journal of Septuagint and Cognate Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Journal of Septuagint and Cognate Studies Journal of Septuagint and Cognate Studies Volume 47 • 2014 Editorial ......................................................................................................... 3 Articles κύριος συντρίβων πολέμους “The Lord who shatters wars” (Exod 15:3LXX). The formative importance of the Song of the Sea (Exod 15:1–18LXX) for the Book of Judith ............................................................................. 5 Barbara Schmitz Interpreting the Sealed Book ....................................................................... 17 Leonard J. Greenspoon / H.G.M. Williamson / Florian Wilk / Rodrigo Franklin de Sousa / Ronald L. Troxel / J. Ross Wagner The word δίαιτα in LXX Job ....................................................................... 48 Marieke Dhont On the use of πεπαιδευμένος in Greek Sirach ............................................. 59 Patrick Pouchelle Veteris Latinae Ecclesiastici: Apologia pro interprete latino ...................... 69 Anthony J. Forte Le texte de la Septante, l’édition de Göttingen et La Bible d’Alexandrie ... 93 Reinhart Ceulemans Report A Reason to Celebrate: 25 Years of the Louvain Centre for Septuagint Studies and Textual Criticism. ............................................................ 111 Bénédicte Lemmelijn Special Review Bible Software for Septuagint Studies: A Comparison of Accordance 10, BibleWorks 9, and Logos 5. ..................................... 112 Abram Kielsmeier-Jones 1 2 JSCS 47 (2014) Book Reviews Johann Cook and Hermann-Joseph Stipp, eds., Text-Critical and Hermeneutical Studies in the Septuagint. ........................................... 128 Bernard Taylor Siegfried Kreuzer, Martin Meiser and Marcus Sigismund, eds., Die Septuaginta - Entstehung, Sprache, Geschichte. 3. Internationale Fachtagung veranstaltet von Septuaginta Deutsch (LXX.D), Wuppertal 22.-25. Juli 2010. ............................................. 134 Dirk Buchner Myrto Theocharus, Lexical Dependence and Intertextual Allusion in the Septuagint of the Twelve Prophets: Studies in Hosea, Amos and Micah. ................................................................... 143 Cécile Dogniez Michael F. Bird, 1 Esdras: Introduction and Commentary on the Greek Text in Codex Vaticanus. .............................................. 146 Dieter Böhler, SJ Georg Walser, Jeremiah: A Commentary Based on Ieremias in Codex Vaticanus. Septuagint ......................................................... 148 Johanna Erzberger Jannes Smith, Translated Hallelujas: A Linguistic and Exegetical Commentary on Select Septuagint Psalms. ........................................ 151 María Victoria Spottorno Thomas Scott Caulley and Hermann Lichtenberger (eds.), Die Septuaginta und das frühe Christentum - The Septuagint and Christian Origins ... 154 Bonifatia Gesche Paul Magdalino and Robert S. Nelson (eds.), The Old Testament in Byzantium .......................................................................................... 157 Martin Meiser Marguerite Harl, Voix de louange. Les cantiques bibliques dans la liturgie chrétienne, avec la collaboration de Bruno Meynadier et Antoine Pietrobelli ......................................................................... 159 Siegfried Kreuzer Editorial Besides the large triannual conference of IOSCS in Munich in August 2013, which as usual will be published in SBL.SCS, and some Festschriften – congratulations to the honorands! – quite a number of interesting studies have been submitted to the Journal. This not only shows the vitality of Septuagint studies but also allows the publication of the new issue of the “Journal of Septuagint and Cognate Studies” (JSCS) quite early in the year. Once more I would like to thank all the contributors of articles and reviews, the members of the editorial board, and the unnamed peer reviewers. JSCS 47 (2014) opens with the study by Barbara Schmitz, “κύριος συντρίβων πολέμους ‘The Lord who shatters wars’ (Exod 15:3LXX). The formative importance of the Song of the Sea (Exod 15:1–18LXX) for the Book of Judith”, which discusses the famous reinterpretation of Exod 15:3 in the Septuagint, its reception in the book of Judith, and its ideas on war and peace. The book of Isaiah has a prominent place among the prophets, both in its Hebrew and in its Greek form, and it also has its place in scholarly debates – like in the plenary discussion on Ross Wagner’s book “Reading the Sealed Book” which took place during the SBL-Annual Meeting at Baltimore. In “Interpreting the Sealed Book” the six participants – Leonard J. Greenspoon, H.G.M. Williamson, Florian Wilk, Rodrigo Franklin de Sousa, Ronald L. Troxel, and J. Ross Wagner – were willing to share their lively and fruitful discussion with the readers of the Journal. Marieke Dhont, one of the younger scholars, presents her insights on the specific meaning of “The word δίαιτα in LXX Job”, as does Patrick Pouchelle “On the use of πεπαιδευμένος in Greek Sirach”. Anthony J. Forte, one of the editors of the Vetus Latina Project, also takes up the book of Jesus Sirach with “Veteris Latinae Ecclesiastici: Apologia pro interprete latino”. After an introduction to the history of the Vetus Latina Project he presents some questions basic to the research and to the presentation of the Old Latin and shows its relevance not only for “cognate” but also for Septuagint studies proper. Reinhart Ceulemans’s article “Le texte de la Septante, l’édition de Göttingen et La Bible d’Alexandrie” outlines the use of the critical editions, especially the Göttingen edition, in some volumes of BdA and how it relates to the latter’s specific profile. 3 4 JSCS 47 (2014) Bénédicte Lemmelijn briefly reports on “25 Years of the Louvain Centre for Septuagint Studies and Textual Criticism” which certainly is “A Reason to Celebrate” – congratulations, and: ad multos annos! This time, there is a special review: Abram Kielsmeier-Jones presents a review on “Bible Software for Septuagint Studies: A Comparison of Accor- dance 10, BibleWorks 9, and Logos 5.” This is not an introduction into using such a program and even less is it additional training for advanced users (for this, there are introductory videos and special forums for users), but it is an overview of the possibilities and some specific features, and, not the least, it is an encouragement to use such programs. In the book review section, once more, there are smaller and larger reviews on monographs, commentaries and collected essays. – There are different philosophies for producing a review of a large collection of papers such as a congress volume or a Festschrift. The reviewer may make some general remarks and select some papers which are of interest for him or her. Or a reviewer may study the whole book and provide information on all the contributions with an evaluation. So far we have opted for the second approach in order to inform readers about the whole array of Septuagint studies, leaving it to them to pursue their special interests. With the 2013 issue, there have been some problems with postal delivery. Eisenbrauns hopes that they are solved. However, if you have a problem or you know of one, let us know. Last but not least: Eisenbrauns has renewed the membership page for easier access. Go to: www.eisenbrauns.com → Journals → JSCS or access via the IOSCS hompage: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ioscs. Siegfried Kreuzer June 2014 κύριος συντρίβων πολέμους “The Lord who crushes wars” (Exod 15:3LXX). The formative importance of the Song of the Sea LXX (Exod 15:1–18 ) for the Book of Judith BARBARA SCHMITZ Introduction “For behold, the Assyrians were increased in their power; they were exalted by horse and rider; they took pride in the arm of infantry; they put their hope in shield and javelin and bow and sling and did not realize that you are the 1 Lord who crushes wars, the Lord is your name.” (Jdt 9:7–8) “You are the Lord who crushes wars, the Lord is your name”: These verses of Judith’s prayer in Jdt 9:7–8 cite Exod 15:3.2 The quotation of Exod 15:3 in Jdt 9:7–8 has already been the topic of much discussion. While Deborah L. Gera3 focussed on the differences between the LXX and the MT version of Exod 15, Larry Perkins4 contradicts the peace-loving view of God often de- rived from Exod 15:3. In my view, the value lies not only in the quotation of Exod 15:3 itself,5 but rather in the formative importance of the whole song 1 The translation follows NETS: Boyd-Taylor, C., Ioudith, (NETS, Oxford/New York: OUP 2007), 441-455; Engel, H., Judith. Das Buch Judith, LXX.E Bd. II, Stuttgart: Deut- sche Bibelgesellschaft 2011), 1297-1315. 2 If not indicated otherwise (e.g. by “MT”) references apply to the Septuagint text. 3 Deborah L. Gera, “Translating Hebrew Poetry into Greek Poetry: The Case of Exodus 15,” BIOSCS 40 (2007): 107–120; Deborah L. Gera, Judith (Commentaries on Early Jewish Literature), Berlin –Boston: de Gruyter 2014. 4 Larry Perkins, “‘The Lord is a Warrior’–‘The Lord Who Shatters Wars’: Exod 15:3 and Jdt 9:7; 16:2,” BIOSCS 40 (2007): 121–138. See also: Judith Lang, “The Lord Who Crushes Wars: Studies on Judith 9:7, Judith 16:2 and Exodus 15:3,” in A Pious Seductress. Studies in the Book of Judith (ed. Géza G. Xeravits; Deuterocanonical and Cognate Litera- ture Studies 14; Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2012), 179–187. 5 Regarding the relevance of the quotation for the question of the original language of the narrative, see: Helmut Engel, “‘Der HERR ist ein Gott, der Kriege zerschlägt’: Zur 5 6 JSCS 47 (2014) Exod 15:1-18 for the whole book of Judith. Therefore
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MEANINGLESS WORSHIP Bible Background • Isaiah 29 Printed Text • Isaiah 29:9-16A | Devotional Reading • Luke 8:9-14
    June 16 • BIBLE STUDY GUIDE 3 MEANINGLESS WORSHIP Bible Background • Isaiah 29 Printed Text • Isaiah 29:9-16a | Devotional Reading • Luke 8:9-14 Aim for Change By the end of the lesson, we will: KNOW that God expects worship from the heart; UNDERSTAND that God is worthy to be praised; and PRAISE God from the heart. In Focus Have you ever heard the old English idiom about the person who can’t see the forest for the trees? This proverb generally describes a person who gets so caught up in the details of a situation or life itself that he or she fails to see the complete picture. Details serve as distractions that cause us to focus our attention on the smaller, less important things in life rather than living life to its fullest. This idiom can also apply to our relationship with God. It is so easy to get caught up in the daily burdens and blessings of life that we forget about the Life Giver. We fail to consult God about our daily decisions or even spend time with Him on a daily basis. Then, even though we faithfully attend church, our worship can become hollow. We lift our voices and sing songs without meaning, we say “Amen” to teachings we have no intention of honoring, and we fulfill our religious regulations without any thought to our righteous relationship. Today’s lesson focuses on the nation of Judea during a time when the nation’s prosperity and the people’s pleasures caused them to forget about God and serves as a reminder that God is always to be worshiped in spirit and in truth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eschatological Blessing (Hk'r"B.) of the Spirit in Isaiah: with Special Reference to Isaiah 44:1-5
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.28977/jbtr.2016.10.39.307 The Eschatological Blessing (hk'r"B.) of the Spirit in Isaiah / YunGab Choi 307 The Eschatological Blessing (hk'r"B.) of the Spirit in Isaiah: with Special Reference to Isaiah 44:1-5 YunGab Choi* 1. Introduction The primary purpose of this paper is to explicate the identity of the “eschatological1) blessing (hk'r"B.) of the Spirit”2) in Isaiah 44:3. The Hebrew term — hk'r"B. — and its derivative form appear ten times (19:24, 25; 36:16; 44:3; *Ph. D in Old Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Assistant Professor of Old Testament at Kosin University. [email protected]. 1) The English term “eschatology” comes from Greek word eschatos (“last”). Accordingly in a broad sense, “[e]schatology is generally held to be the doctrine of ‘the last things’, or of ‘the end of all things.’” (Jürgen Moltmann, The Coming of God: Christian Eschatology [Minneapolis: Fortress Press,1996], 1). In a similar vein, Willem A. VanGemeren defines eschatology as “biblical teaching which gives humans a perspective on their age and a framework for living in hope of a new age” (Willem A. VanGemeren, Interpreting the Prophetic Word: An Introduction to the Prophetic Literature of the Old Testament [Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990], 88). G. B. Caird defines eschatology as “the study of, or the corpus of beliefs held about, the destiny of man and of the world” (G. B. Caird, The Language and Imagery of the Bible [Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1980], 243).
    [Show full text]
  • Isaiah Commentaries & Sermons
    Isaiah Commentaries & Sermons SONG OF SOLOMON JEREMIAH NEWEST ADDITIONS: Verse by verse Commentary on Isaiah 53 (Isaiah 52:13-53:12) - Bruce Hurt Verse by verse Commentary on Isaiah 35 - Bruce Hurt ISAIAH RESOURCES Commentaries, Sermons, Illustrations, Devotionals Click chart to enlarge Click chart to enlarge Chart from recommended resource Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Another Isaiah Chart see on right side Caveat: Some of the commentaries below have "jettisoned" a literal approach to the interpretation of Scripture and have "replaced" Israel with the Church, effectively taking God's promises given to the literal nation of Israel and "transferring" them to the Church. Be a Berean Acts 17:11-note! ISAIAH ("Jehovah is Salvation") See Excellent Timeline for Isaiah - page 39 JEHOVAH'S JEHOVAH'S Judgment & Character Comfort & Redemption (Isaiah 1-39) (Isaiah 40-66) Uzziah Hezekiah's True Suffering Reigning Jotham Salvation & God Messiah Lord Ahaz Blessing 1-12 13-27 28-35 36-39 40-48 49-57 58-66 Prophecies Prophecies Warnings Historical Redemption Redemption Redemption Regarding Against & Promises Section Promised: Provided: Realized: Judah & the Nations Israel's Israel's Israel's Jerusalem Deliverance Deliverer Glorious Is 1:1-12:6 Future Prophetic Historic Messianic Holiness, Righteousness & Justice of Jehovah Grace, Compassion & Glory of Jehovah God's Government God's Grace "A throne" Is 6:1 "A Lamb" Is 53:7 Time 740-680BC OTHER BOOK CHARTS ON ISAIAH Interesting Facts About Isaiah Isaiah Chart The Book of Isaiah Isaiah Overview Chart by Charles Swindoll Visual Overview Introduction to Isaiah by Dr John MacArthur: Title, Author, Date, Background, Setting, Historical, Theological Themes, Interpretive Challenges, Outline by Chapter/Verse.
    [Show full text]
  • REPENT and LIVE! Ezekiel 18:1-32 Key Verse
    REPENT AND LIVE! Ezekiel 18:1-32 Key Verse: 31-32 “Rid yourselves of all the offenses you have committed, and get a new heart and a new spirit. Why will you die, people of Israel? For I take no pleasure in the death of anyone, declares the Sovereign Lord. Repent and live!” Today we’re going to begin a three part study of some highlights from the book of Ezekiel. Why Ezekiel? Ezekiel is alluded to heavily throughout Revelation, because the purpose of the book of Ezekiel was to help God’s people understand and respond to God’s judgment. In Revelation 16 we learned that all judgment is from God alone, and there were two reactions: God’s people say “just and true are your judgments” (Rev 16:5-7) and those belonging to the devil curse God and refuse to repent (16:9,11,21). It seems God has appointed us to study Revelation at this time. How are we responding to God’s judgment on the world? The simple truth is that sickness only exists in the world as a result of sin—my sin. In Ezekiel 18, God convicts his people to stop blaming others, take responsibility for their sin and respond correctly. Ezekiel gives us a unique glimpse into God’s heart and purpose in bringing judgment. It is such a relevant study for us today. According to 1:1-2 Ezekiel was a priest, the son of Buzi, and was among the exiles in Babylon. Because they had broken their marriage covenant with God and forgotten his love and grace, God brought up Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon against them who carried into exile some 10,000 plus of the nobility and middle class first in 605BC—which we can read about in Daniel—and the full exile in 597 BC which included Ezekiel and his wife.
    [Show full text]
  • Devotion For: December 16, 2016 Reading: Isaiah 32:1-20 Focus
    Devotion for: December 16, 2016 Reading: Isaiah 32:1-20 Focus Verses: Isaiah 32:1-5 Behold, a king will reign in righteousness, and princes will rule in justice. Each will be like a hiding place from the wind, a shelter from the storm, like streams of water in a dry place, like the shade of a great rock in a weary land. Then the eyes of those who see will not be closed, and the ears of those who hear will give attention. The heart of the hasty will understand and know, and the tongue of the stammerers will hasten to speak distinctly. The fool will no more be called noble, nor the scoundrel said to be honorable. Devotion: This is one of those difficult readings that is hard for us to fully read and understand the first time that we take a look at it. Chapters 32 and 33 speak specifically about what would happen to the kingdom of Assyria. However, as we look at the readings, we may wonder what will happen to God’s people in all of this desolation and destruction that is being foretold. As we see in the opening verses, Isaiah looks into the future by the power of the Holy Spirit and foretells of the people of God who dwell in a very different Israel than the one that was around during his life. He foretells the coming of the Messiah. As you read these verses, you might wonder to yourself if this is really talking about Jesus or if it is talking about some earthly king.
    [Show full text]
  • The Blame Game (Ezekiel
    “The Blame Game” EZEKIEL 18 Baxter T. Exum (#1170) Four Lakes Church of Christ Madison, Wisconsin June 17, 2012 Perhaps some of you have run across the story of a lame duck president meeting his successor in the Oval Office. They are working on the transition from one administration to the next, and on the day before the inauguration, the outgoing president presents the incoming leader with three numbered envelopes and tells him to open those envelopes in order whenever he faces a great difficulty. Well, after the new president had a pretty good honeymoon period with the press and the public, the economy took a serious downturn, and so the new president opened the first envelope. Inside Envelope #1 there was a very simple note that said, “Blame me.” And so over the next few days, the new president blamed the old president for all of the economic woes. Some time later, the new president faced a social crisis, and the crisis brought with it some very serious unrest. And so the president opened the next envelope. Inside Envelope #2 there was another very simple message, “Blame my party.” And so for the next several days, the president blamed the party of the previous administration. He turned it all political and got the two groups fighting against one another, and after a few weeks, the president was able to distance himself from that situation. And then, about a year later, the nation faced a serious foreign policy challenge, and as a last result, the president opened that final envelope, and in Envelope #3 there was also a very simple message, and the message said, “Prepare three envelopes.” It seems that we as a society love blaming other people for what we have done – from the president all the way down to little children playing in the back yard – most of us will do everything in our power to avoid taking responsibility.
    [Show full text]
  • A Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel by Pastor Galen L
    A Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel By Pastor Galen L. Doughty Southside Christian Church December 2014 INTRODUCTION: This commentary is based upon my personal devotional notes and reflections on the Book of Ezekiel. It is intended to help you better understand some of the background and issues in Ezekiel’s prophecy. It is not a technical commentary designed for academic projects. This material is intended for use by members and friends of Southside Christian Church, especially our Life Group leaders to help you lead your group in a verse by verse study of Ezekiel. However, I do not include discussion questions in the commentary. That I leave up to you as a group leader. In the commentary there are occasional references to the original Hebrew words Ezekiel used in a particular passage. Those Hebrew words are always quoted in italics and are transliterated into English from the Hebrew. I go chapter by chapter in the commentary and sometimes individual verses are commented upon, sometimes it is several sentences and sometimes a whole paragraph. This commentary is based on the New International Version and all Scripture quotations are taken from that version of the Bible. Books of the Bible, Scripture references and quotes are also italicized. KEY HISTORICAL DATES IN THE TIMELINE OF EZEKIEL: King Jehoiachim of Judah becomes a Babylonian vassal, 605. Jehoiachim rebels against Nebuchadnezzar; he sends troops to raid and punish Jehoiachim, 602. Nebuchadnezzar deports some Jews to Babylon from Jerusalem including a young man named Daniel, 602. Jehoiachim dies and is replaced by his son Jehoiachin; he reigns three months, 598.
    [Show full text]
  • Prophecy and Enervation in the American Political Tradition
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Right Without Might: Prophecy and Enervation in the American Political Tradition Jonathan Keller Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/358 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] RIGHT WITHOUT MIGHT: PROPHECY AND ENERVATION IN THE AMERICAN POLITICAL TRADITION by JONATHAN J. KELLER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 JONATHAN J. KELLER All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. PROFESSOR COREY ROBIN _______________ __________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee PROFESSOR ALYSON COLE _______________ __________________________________________ Date Executive Officer PROFESSOR ANDREW J. POLSKY PROFESSOR THOMAS HALPER PROFESSOR BRYAN TURNER PROFESSOR NICHOLAS XENOS __________________________________________ Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract RIGHT WITHOUT MIGHT: PROPHECY AND ENERVATION IN THE AMERICAN POLITICAL TRADITION by JONATHAN J. KELLER Adviser: Professor Corey Robin This dissertation examines the ways Old Testament prophecy has influenced American political thought and rhetoric. Although political scientists have long recognized the impact of the Scriptures on the ways Americans express and think about themselves, they have misunderstood this important part of America’s political tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • May 20 , 2018 “The Stability of Your Times” Isaiah 31-33 (ESV) Focal
    May 20 th , 2018, Page 1 May 20 th , 2018 Isaiah 31:4-8 English Standard Version 4 For thus the Lord said to me, “As a lion or a young lion growls over his prey, “The Stability of Your Times” and when a band of shepherds is called out against Isaiah 31-33 (ESV) him Focal Passages: 31:4-8, 32:15-18, 33:5-6 he is not terrified by their shouting or daunted at their noise, so the Lord of hosts will come down BIBLE IN A YEAR READING PLAN to fight on Mount Zion and on its hill. May 13 2 Chron. 9-12 May 17 2 Chron. 25-27 May 14 2 Chron. 13-17 May 18 2 Chron. 28-31 5 Like birds hovering, so the Lord of hosts May 15 2 Chron. 18-20 May 19 2 Chron. 23-34 will protect Jerusalem; May 16 2 Chron. 21-24 May 20 2 Chron. 35-36 he will protect and deliver it; he will spare and rescue it.” Cross References: Genesis 12:1-3, 1 Corinthians 12:3, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Galatians 5:22-23, Hebrews 5:9, James 6 Turn to him from whom people have deeply revolted, O 1:5, Proverbs 2:6, Hebrews 5:9, James 1:5, Proverbs 2:6, children of Israel. 7 For in that day everyone shall cast 2 Timothy 3:16-17 away his idols of silver and his idols of gold, which your hands have sinfully made for you. Lesson Introduction: Over the last two weeks, we have considered the problem of disingenuous worship ( Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • Turn and Live. Ezekiel 18. We Encounter Lots of Warnings in Life
    1 Turn and Live. Ezekiel 18. We encounter lots of warnings in life and there is Nothing wrong and everything right in giving warning of real dangers Some, especially where act and consequence are close, we obey. Very few of us play in electricity substations or make a habit of drinking labelled poisons. But others, especially where there is gap between behaviour and consequence, and especially where we are being warned against something we want to do, we enjoy doing, we find harder to heed. We may even find reasons not to act on the warning. Take smoking. The health risks of smoking are legion and well known. They are even advertised on cigarette packets. Go to the department of health website and it will tell you • Cancer Smoking causes most lung cancers and can cause cancer almost anywhere on the body. This includes the lips, tongue, mouth, nose, oesophagus, throat, voice box, stomach, liver, kidney, pancreas, bladder, blood, cervix, vulva, penis and anus. • Breathing problems and chronic respiratory conditions Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a serious, progressive and disabling condition that limits airflow in the lungs. Active smoking also worsens asthma in active smokers and is associated with an increased risk for asthma in adolescents and adults. • Heart disease, stroke and blood circulation problems Smoking is major cause of cardiovascular disease, such as heart disease and stroke. Smoking increases the risk of blood clots, which block blood flow to the heart, brain or legs. Some smokers end up having their limbs amputated due to blood circulation problems caused by smoking.
    [Show full text]
  • Individual Responsibility in Ezekiel 18, 1-32
    INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY IN EZEKIEL 18, 1-32 Paskalis Edwin N. Paska STFT Widya Sasana Malang Abstract: Persoalan apakah anak mewarisi dosa orang tuanya atau apakah Allah menghukum seseorang karena kesalahan orang tuanya telah menjadi perdebatan yang seru di kalangan umat kristiani, para klerus maupun para ahli Alkitab. Beberapa teks Alkitab, seperti Kel. 20:5; 34:7; Bil. 14:18; Ul. 5:9; Yer. 32:18 sepertinya memang menekankan adanya dosa warisan. Namun banyak teks Alkitab lainnya, seperti Ul. 24:16; Yer. 31:29-30; Yeh. 18:4 menyangkal hal itu dan menandaskan tanggung jawab pribadi. Ada yang menduga bahwa terjadi perkembangan atau perubahan dalam paham Israel tentang dosa. Pada mulanya Israel meyakini adanya dosa warisan, namun sejak abad ke-6 paham ini mulai diformulasi ulang dan puncak perubahannya ada pada Yehezkiel. Analisa atas konteks dan isi Yeh. 18:2-4 menunjukkan bahwa Yehezkiel memang menolak ide hukuman warisan. Namun apa yang dibuatnya bukanlah menyangkal teks- teks Alkitab yang sepertinya berbicara tentang hukuman warisan melainkan penafsiran dan pemakaian yang salah atas teks-teks tersebut. Keywords: The sour grapes proverb, repentance, individual responsibility, co- llective responsibility, awareness of sinfulness, fatalism. The existence of inherited punishment, that is, the passing of divine punishment from one generation to the next, is nebulous and has caused controversies. For example, believing in inherited punishment, some Chris- tian charismatic groups in Java (Indonesia) organize what they call the “fam- ily tree” retreat (retret pohon keluarga). The main aim of this retreat is to heal or to free participants from the sickness, sufferings or curses which are believed to be caused by their parents’ or grandparents’ sins.
    [Show full text]
  • Combined Notes for Lectures 13-25 (41 Pgs)
    The Hebrew Bible: Notes for Lectures 13-25, Shaye J.D. Cohen !1 of !41 Lecture 13: D and Deuteronomy.! Reading: Deuteronomy 4; 10:12-11:32; 28 (Deuteronomy’s theology of history);" Deuteronomy 12 (centralization of the cult);" Deuteronomy 6:4-9 and 31:7-13 (the writing and studying of the Torah);" Kugel 296-316." Topics:! • Contrast P and D. " • Which is earlier: P or D? What is at stake in this debate? " ! • What are the distinctive hallmarks of D? " D = the book of Deuteronomy; " Dtr = the Deuteronomist = the narrator of Joshua-Judges-Samuel-Kings (MBS: ! Deuteronomy through Kings was originally one long book)." The book of Deuteronomy: a series of farewell discourses of Moses: survey of Israelite history; sermons; laws (12-26); blessings and curses (27-28); two final poems (32-33); !death of Moses (34)." !Is the book a unity? Is Moses the author of “these words” (1:1)?" MBS link D to the discovery in the temple of “the book of the Torah” (2 Kings 22:8), and !the subsequent religious reform under Josiah (ca. 621 BCE) (Kugel)." The speeches are attributed to Moses → the book of Deuteronomy is attributed to Moses (Joshua 8:31 citing Deuteronomy 27:6) → the entire Torah is attributed to Moses !(Nehemiah 8:1)." MBS: D has complex and diverse origins:! 1. Jerusalem priests: centralization of sacrificial cult in “the place in which God shall cause his name to dwell” (Deut 12):" • Permission for secular slaughter:" ✦ Contrast with Leviticus 17 which requires that all slaughtered cattle sheep and goats must be brought to the altar, apparently for the disposition of the blood.
    [Show full text]